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FECAL MANAGEMENT (FSM) • (FSM), is a management • In Malaysia, FSM is particularly important in rural process that safely collects, transports, and treats areas or old slightly densely populated areas where septate from pit latrines, septic tanks or other onsite the population is not connected to sanitation facilities. In other words, it deals with the network. Before 1994, the FSM was generally carried mixture of human excreta and water that is collected out as a service by the local authorities and then in certain types of decentralized and sanitation after 1994, Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) managed systems, instead of going into centralized Wastewater this services upon privatisation of the sewerage systems. In many developing countries, however, this services from local authorities. Since then, IWK has service is often not provided at all or not done provided this services for over 80 local authorities’ properly leading to surface water and groundwater area in the country. IWK has evolved in providing pollution, spreading of pathogens into the these services with proper procedures, specifications environment, adverse health impacts and relatively and management systems, and this services is also high costs to households. being accredited under the ISO14001 (Environmental Management System) since 2013. •

NON MECHANICAL SEWERAGE

• A global estimate by the United Nations groundwater? Should we rely on septic tanks? Development Progamme and United Nations- Habitat is that 90% of all wastewater generated is • Discover how Malaysia has utilized from non- released into the environment untreated. In mechanized to one of South East Asia’s biggest many developing countries the bulk of domestic treatment plants. These economically and industrial wastewater is discharged without conscious technology has help drive the need for any treatment or after primary treatment only. people and environment protection and in Malaysia we are fortunate to explore a variety of • Would you be shocked at some countries that treatment processes using different technologies. discharges raw sludge into the environment? Indeed a showcase to marvel at the breath of What if untreated sewage is injected to the city’s what is needed to manage sanitation. SEWERAGE JOURNEY IN MALAYSIA

• Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) is a national sewerage • A modern and efficient sewerage system is vital for company in Malaysia. IWK has been entrusted with the country so as to ensure that wastewater is the task of developing and maintaining a modern and treated before being discharged into our rivers. This efficient sewerage system for West Malaysia. In 1994, will help preserve the country's waste resources, the Federal Government awarded the company the protect public health and provide a cleaner and safer concession for nationwide sewerage services which environment. In 2000, the Minister of Finance prior to that, was under the responsibility of local Incorporated, took over the entire equity in IWK from authorities. Since then, IWK has taken over the its previous private owners. IWK is now well- sewerage services from local authorities in all areas positioned to undertake the vital task of ensuring except the States of Kelantan, Sabah, Sarawak and that Malaysians today and in the future will be able the Majlis Perbandaran Johor Bahru. to enjoy a clean and healthy environment through a proper and well-maintained sewerage system. URBAN CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANTS • MORE than 500 plants (STP) in the population until 2035. The plant is able to receive the Klang Valley will be decommissioned as part of Indah sewage flow from a 6,700ha Pantai catchment Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd’s (IWK) effort in covering central and south-western parts of Kuala rationalising its efficiency from 2016. Out of this, 80 Lumpur including Bandar Baru Sentul, the proposed STPs will be upgraded to centralised plants to cater for Sentul Raya Development, Central Business District, the growing population in the Klang Valley. 521 STPs Bukit Kiara, the Botanical Gardens and a portion of would be closed and the sewage from these plants will Petaling Jaya. One of the main highlights of the project be rechannelled to bigger-capacity regional STPs. is the planned above-ground public facilities, which Some of the treatment plants were built back in the includes a community hall, jogging track and sports 1950s thus are unable to support the growing courts for tennis, basketball, futsal and football. The development in Klang Valley. Join us on an exploration P2STP also features various green technologies of these amazing treatment plants that help not only including utilising the skylight concept for the the people but the environment. underground plant, effluent reuse, rainwater harvesting and the use of and solar panels to • The country’s first underground sewage treatment generate electricity. The plant also uses energy- plant is the construction of the Pantai 2 Sewage efficient equipment to reduce the amount of Treatment Plant (P2STP), which is equipped with electricity consumed. state-of-the-art green technology. It is the biggest STP in Asia Pacific. This plant could cater to the growing RIVER

• Fecal Sludge Management has an important impact on any Portuguese, Dutch and British heritage. In 2008 it was listed river in the world. Malaysia has her history of managing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a favourite river programmes and we would like to share our journey destination for many tourists visiting Malaysia. with you. This program explore the evolution of managing policies, designs, legal effectiveness and implementation of • Examples of projects carried out by Department of a case study. : • Today, Malaysia has a successful case study in managing the • Storm water treatment plant and interceptor drains, Melaka River. The river has been the centre of activity throughout its history in economics, people, • Excavation, cleaning the river and installation of gross industrialization and growth. All of these have shaped the pollutant traps future of important source of water to Malaysia. It has seen its share of indiscriminate dumping of waste, nutrient • River bank protection, river walks, river information centre pollution and raw sewage contamination. Melaka is a and pedestrian bridges historic city blessed with a beautiful river as a major trading centre with its influence of Malay, Arab, Indian, Chinese,

FLEET • A or vacuum tanker is used for • Indah Water has over 150 numbers of these desludging liquid sludge from septic tanks, pit tankers nationwide and has evolved over 23 years latrine and pour flush. These tankers are the of experience in handling fleet of faecal sludge heart and the beginning of mechanised process tankers as part of faecal sludge management. of faecal sludge management (FSM) process. Learn about Indah Water faecal sludge tankers These faecal sludge tankers are important operations, specific features, safety features, fleet features that must be strategically planned. operational and maintenance requirement and Failure to maintain and plan for these desludging best practices of our desludging tankers and fleet tankers may jeopardize the operation of faecal management. sludge operations and overall FSM business. . FSM MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS 3 days training for 10 at USD 600 per person or with 4 days accommodation at USD1,400 per person Study Visit fee includes: • Airport pick-up to hotel and return • Training and Consulting fee • Transportation to training site, site visits and return to • Training Modules fee hotel • Trainers fee • Site visit and facility demonstration fee • Administration fee • Food and Beverage during training • 6% Malaysian Government Services Tax to be included

FSM Facilities • Lunch with 2 coffee breaks • Material production • Monday to Sunday • Audio & Visual equipment • 10m walk to Light Rail Transit (LRT) Bukit Jalil • Free parking Station • Free Wifi • Onsite visits to Sewerage Treatment Plants • Onsite Treatment Plant KLR340 • 6 rooms • Mock Up facilities including tankers • 157 person occupancy • Exploration visits for Rivers and Wetlands International Study Visit Programmes: FECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT (FSM)

• Each program is customized and designed to meet our client’s objectives and requirements.

• We have 7 main programmes under FSM: . Fecal Sludge Management . Sewerage Journey in Malaysia . Non-Mechanical Sewerage Management . Fleet Management . Urban Centralized Treatment Plants . Effective Management of Effluent and Continent and Countries . River Management Groups • Total participants since 2005 is 223 Asia 14 Africa 3 • See www.iwk.com.my for further details Middle East 4 Pacific 2 Indah Water Konsortium : International Visits Study Visit from TAIZ Water & Indonesia India Yemen Sanitation Local Corporation, Yemen 2007 Iran Technical visit by Iranian delegates 2009 Comparative study visit by Indonesia Delegates Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for the 1 Odisha Government & Practical Action 2016 1 (Malang City, Surabaya City & East Jawa District) 2005 Study visit from NGO bodies from Study Visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) in IWK for Comparative study visitby Indonesia Delegates the Consortium for DEWATS Dissemination (CDD) Society - Philipines various cities of Philipines 2009 2 (Bandung City, Medan City & West Jawa District) 2006 the Bremen Overseas Research & Development Speaker at 15th African Water Study Visit by Denpasar Sewerage Development 2 Association (BORDA), India, 2016 Association Congress at Kampala, 3 Project (DSDP), Bali, Indonesia 2006 Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for Shimla Uganda Uganda 2010 3 Municipal Corporattion & CDD, India 2016 Visitation from Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Technical Training on 'Sludge 4 Bandung 2007 Study Visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) in IWK for Management' for the Urban Sanitation ADB Program on Urban Water and Sanitation the Practical Action, South Asia Regional Office 4 Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 Dissemination of Lessons-Learned in Indonesia: Bhutan Programme of Bhutan 2013 Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for the 5 Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2012 Indian Institute for Human Settlement (IIHS), Chennai, Technical Training on 'Sludge Twinning partnership with Perusahaan Daerah Air 5 India 2016 Management' for the SNV Urban 6 Minuman (PDAM) Tirtanardi, Medan, Indonesia 2012 Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for the Bangladesh Sanitation Programme of Bangladesh 2013 Operation & Maintenance of Upflow Anaerobic Indian Institute for Human Settlement (IIHS) and the Study visit on Fecal Sludge 7 Sludge Blanket (UASB) STP 2012 6 Government of Tamil Nadu, India 2016 Management (FSM) for Zambia Technical Training and Study Visit for Indonesian Exploratory Study Visit on Fecal Sludge Management delegates: Operational Procedure for AL, (FSM) by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Centre of National Water Supply and Sanitation and Preventive maintenance of 7 Policy Research, 2016 Zambia Council (NWASCO) 2016 Study visit on Fecal Sludge and River Management for the 8 Sewer & STP (organised by ADB Indonesia) 2012 8 Centre of Environment (CSE) 2017 MOU signing ceremony between IWK International Study Visit by PDPal Jaya, Jakarta Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for the and Tokyo Metropolitan Sewerage 9 Indonesia 2016 9 Urban Management Centre (UMC) 2017 Japan Corp (TGS) 2017 International Study Visit by PDPal Jaya, Jakarta Study visit on Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) for the 10 Indonesia 2017 10 National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) 2017 Study Visit on Tanker and Fleet Management for The Sanitation Office Vietnam Senegal of Senegal (ONAS) 2017 Oman Technical visit from Vietnam Coastal City 1 Environmental Sanitation Project 2010 Various Countries Study Visit from Oman Wastewater Services Vietnam Study Tour on Operation & Regional Water & Sanitation Workshop : 1 Company 2007 2 Maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plant 2012 Developing Comprehensive Septage Practical Training on Vacuum Sewer System Capacity Building URENCO's Bai Chay WWTP Management Programs in Asia ( funded by Eco- 2 for Haya Water, Oman 2012 3 Operation, Vietnam (funded by ECO-Asia) 2012 1 Asia) 2012 International Study Tour on Overview of Master Class Programme on Septage Malaysia Sewerage Management for NSC and 2 Management - collaboration Waterlinks & ADB 2014 4 Hanoi City WSEPMU 2017 Fecal Sludge Management Brief Malaysia Sewerage Journey Sample Country : India • Limited budget for sanitation/ cost issue • High population density • Limited disposal area • Water scarcity • Land scarcity for sewerage in city area • & no septic tanks/ • No power supply in remote area • No regulation and enforcement on FSM • Lack of public awareness on need to carry out desludging • Limited budget for sanitation/ cost issue • No treatment plant nearby in remote area • Lack of awareness on FSM • Logistic issue/ travel distance/ time constraint • Lack of public awareness on need to carry out desludging • Plant available but not able to accept additional load from • Not enough tankers & manpower fecal sludge • Not enough skilled workers • Too many small treatment plants • Plant available but not able to accept additional load from • Not enough tankers & manpower fecal sludge • Lack of demand in reuse of sludge • Land scarcity for sewerage in city area • Lack of policy and guideline on sludge reuse • No treatment plant nearby in remote area • High water table and high rain density/flash flood • Logistic issue/ travel distance/ time constraint • Desludging operate at designated area. • Limited no of treatment plants • Open competition and regulated pricing • No power supply in remote area • No disposal area for private contractor • Desludging no operation boundary • Dried sludge not sell as resource/reuse • Open pricing and competition • No proper disposal area Centralised Sludge Cost Selection Treatment Facility Skills & Cost Small (CSTF) (large capacity) mechanical 100Mil dewatering unit MDU/AVC 10Mil Sludge Reuse Drying bed lagoon 1Mil

100K Geobag

10K Note: All liquor leach out/coming Trenching out must be collected and treated further in treatment plant

No electricity Need electricity to operate Disposal Dewatering System Technology Advise

Option A Sludge disposal Option 4 Medium cost & power supply • Trenching site for sludge disposal in remote area • Drying bed + piping collection chamber into and low water table area Existing underloading mechanical plant • Reuse of sludge

Option B: Dewatering Option 5 Power supply & High cost and skilled Option 1 No power supply & Minimum cost • Small mechanical dewatering + existing • Geobag + Water proof lining + collection chamber underloading plant + tankered collected liquor to underloading STP Option 6 Power supply & Highest cost and Option 2 No power supply & Average cost skilled workers • Drying bed + collection chamber + tankered • Centralised Sludge Treatment Facilities collected liquor to underloading STP • Note: All Options need Engineer advise to Option 3 No power supply & Average cost check possibility of mixing liquor leaching from • Geobag + water proof lining collected into sludge into existing under loading plant Existing underloading non-mechanical plant • Option 1 lowest skill and cost • Option 6 the highest cost and skilled FSM Technology Selection: Non-Mechanical H I Disposal site and No Power Drying Trenching No STP and No Power Supply G Supply bed H • Used in remote area where there is no STP nearby. • Used in remote area where there is no STP • No power supply needed and cheap and easy installation nearby. C • Easy to used, simple disposal of dried sludge in a trenches O • No power supply needed and medium cost to • Proper selection of site must be considered (away from public design and built S and low water table) T • Proper monitoring of ground water borehole is needed • Easy to used, simple handling • Need proper collection of liquor leach out from A the drying bed and the liquor collected in a tank to be regularly sent by tanker to the a proper N underloading STP. D Geobag No STP and No Power Supply • No STP and No Power Supply S • Used in remote area where there is no STP nearby. K • No power supply needed and cheap and easy installation I • Easy to used, simple handling placement of geobag on L concrete floor or water proof area L • Need proper collection of liquor leach out from the bag and sent to the plant List of Trainings Needed: Non-Mechanical

• Planning: • Operation: • Planning of Sewerage System • Desludging work and know your tanker • Operation and maintenance of sludge • Design: reception facility • Basic Design • Operation and maintenance of oxidation • Preliminary & Primary Treatment pond and • General Course: • Sludge dewatering and disposal • Sewage sampling techniques and records • Safety Passport Programme • Occupational Safety & Health Hazard at Workplace • Refresher on Occupational safety & Health • Defensive Driving • Health & Safety Induction for Construction Workers • Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plants FSM Technology Selection : Non-Mechanical and Mechanical H i Non mechanical Small STP with No g STP Power Supply h • Small or large STP no power supply and C from non-mechanical treatment plant o • Oxidation pond require big land size • Oxidation Pond is a centralize sewage s • Need slightly high CAPEX and low OPEX treatment plant. t • Underloading STP may be considered for • Oxidation ponds, also called lagoons or accepting incoming liquor leached out from stabilization ponds, are large, shallow ponds a geobag. designed to treat wastewater through the n interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae. d • Small value of underloading capacity not recommended. Engineer/designer to • Oxidation Ponds (or Stabilization Ponds) are a popular sewage treatment method in the S calculate the possibility of acceptance of this liquor. 70s and 80s for small communities because K of their low construction and operating I • Geobag does not require highly skill costs. It was build more than 2 decades ago L operator, however operation of treatment and IWK still has over 200 of this system in L plant need proper training Malaysia • Electricity : Nil FSM Technology Selection : Non-Mechanical and Mechanical H i Small STP with Regular Power g Geobag Supply and Drying Bed h • Small or large STP with drying bed and has C excess capacity or underloading can be consider o to use geobag to reduce risk of smell especially s if near residential area t • Underloading STP may be considered for • Geotube on drying bed a accepting incoming liquor leached out from geobag. • Treatment Capacity 1,000 PE (11 m3 x or n 0.225MLD) 20 x 4.5m3 tankered sludge, 2 d • Need high CAPEX and OPEX months to fully dry • Small value of underloading capacity not • Natural Gravity System, and liquor S recommended. Engineer/designer to calculate coming out of geobag need to be treated K the possibility of acceptance of this liquor. further in treatment plant I • Geobag does not require highly skill operator, • Electricity : Nil L however operation of treatment plant need L proper training FSM Technology Selection : Non-Mechanical and Mechanical H i Drying Small STP and Regular g Power Supply h Bed • Small or large treatment plant with drying bed, if C underloading treatment plant may be possible to o accept fecal sludge s • A proper sewage treatment plant need high CAPEX t and OPEX • Jasin Sludge Drying Bed & co- • Cost running drying bed to dry sludge lower than treatment of liquor from fecal sludge a mechanical dewatering at under loading Centralised Sewage n • Sludge drying bed take bigger space and longer time Treatment Plant from industry area d frame to dry sludge than mechanical drying • Capacity of STP 1,000 PE (225m3/d equipment or 0.225MLD) • Liquor seep underneath drying bed drain and treated S • Treatment type : K further into a treatment plant System with co-treatment of I • Operating sludge drying bed run by batch and does tankered sludge L not required highly skilled operator • Sludge for this plant is dried using L • Skill operator is needed to operate the CSTP drying bed List of Trainings Needed: Non-Mechanical and Mechanical

• Planning: • Operation: • Planning of Sewerage System • Desludging work and know your tanker • Plant Integration and Planning • Operation and maintenance of sludge • HAZOP for sewerage systems reception facility • Design: • Operation and maintenance of oxidation pond and aerated lagoon • Sewer Design • Basic Septic Tank Design • Certified Environmental professional in sewage treatment Plant Operation (CePSTPO) • Preliminary & Primary Treatment • Introduction to Treatment Plant Operations • General: • Treatment Plant Operators Refresher Course • Safety Passport Programme • Introduction to Operation & Maintenance of • Occupational Safety & Health Hazard at Workplace Sewerage Systems • Defensive Driving • NIOSH Authorised Entry/ Standby –Person • Health & Safety Induction for Construction Workers • Basic Microbiology of Sewage Treatment Plant • Construction of Sewers • Sludge thickening and stabilisation • Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plants • Sludge dewatering and disposal • Sewage sampling techniques and records FSM Technology Selection: Mechanical H i Mechanical Has STP and Regular Power g h dewatering Supply and small capacity • Small STP possible to accept additional co-treatment C from fecal sludge depends on excess capacity o available s • Used in area where there is proper under loading STP • Jasin Mechanical Dewatering Unit & t nearby with enough empty space co-treatment of liquor from fecal • Need power supply (by batch running the dewatering sludge at under loading Centralised a machine) and high cost to design and built, and Sewage Treatment Plant from n steady power supply to run under-loading STP industry area d • Proper training needed • Capacity of STP 1,000 PE (225m3/d or 0.225MLD) S • Need skilled workers, proper maintenance and K budget needed • Treatment type : Extended Aeration I • Need proper collection of liquor leach out from the System with co-treatment of L drying bed and the liquor collected in a tank to be tankered sludge L regularly sent by tanker to the a proper STP FSM Technology Selection: Mechanical H i Mechanical Large Capacity STP and g h dewatering Regular Power Supply • Used large area, large CAPEX and OPEX. C o • The sewage treatment plant must be properly s design, build and operate • Pantai 1 Centralised Sewage t • Large STP possible to accept co-treatment from Treatment Plant tankered sludge depends on excess capacity available • Capacity :377,000 PE (84,825m3/d a • Need power supply (by batch running the dewatering or 84.8MLD) n machine) • Treatment type : Step Feed Nitrogen d Removal Activated Sludge System • High cost to design and built, and steady power with co-treatment of tankered supply to run underloading STP sludge S • Proper training needed K • The plant is designed complete with fecal sludge reception facility and I • Need skilled workers, proper maintenance and budget needed the liquor from dewatering machine L is co-treated in large sewage L treatment plant FSM Technology Selection: Mechanical H i g Centralised Sludge Has Large CSTF and h Treatment Facility Regular Power Supply C • Used large area, large CAPEX and OPEX. (Typically o footprint of CSTF is smaller than CSTP) s • The CSTF must be properly design, build and t operate • Sungai Udang Centralised Sludge • Need steady power supply (by batch running the Treatment Facility (Sg Udang CSTF) a dewatering machine) • n Capacity 300,000 PE (250m3/d) d • High cost to design and built • Has a proper tankered sludge • Proper training needed reception area complete with pretreatment area. Liquor from S • Need skilled workers, proper operation, dewatering machine will be treated K maintenance and budget needed in Extended Aeration Activated I • Need proper disposal site or recycle of sludge if Sludge Plant L possible • Type of System: Extended Aeration L Activated Sludge List of Trainings Needed: Mechanical • Planning: • Operations: • Planning of Sewerage System • Desludging work and know your tanker • Plant Integration and Planning • Operation and maintenance of mechanical dewatering • HAZOP for sewerage systems unit • Design: • Operation and maintenance of sludge reception facility • Certified Environmental professional in sewage treatment • Sewer Design Plant Operation (CePSTPO) • Basic Septic Tank Design • Introduction to Treatment Plant Operations • Preliminary & Primary Treatment • Treatment Plant Operators Refresher Course • Design of Pump Station • Introduction to Operation & Maintenance of Sewerage • Activated Sludge System Systems • Malaysia Authorised Entrant / Standby Person to Confine • General: Space (AESP) • Malaysia Civil Engineers Standard Method of • Malaysia Authorised Gas Tester for Confine Space (AGT) Measurement (MyCESMM) • NIOSH Authorised Entry/ Standby –Person • Malaysia Industrial Sewerage Guidelines • Basic Microbiology of Sewage Treatment Plant • Fecal Sludge Management (See Brochure) • Operating Extended Aeration System • Safety Passport Programme • Operating • Occupational Safety & Health Hazard at Workplace • Aeration System for Activated Sludge • Defensive Driving • Basic Microbiology of Sewage Treatment Plant • Health & Safety Induction for Construction Workers • On-site measurement and testing of process control • Construction of Sewers • Troubleshooting and process control for sewage treatment • Construction of Sewerage Treatment Plants • Sewage sampling techniques and records • Sludge thickening and stabilisation • Sludge dewatering and disposal