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A Review of Advanced Sewer System Designs and Technologies 2 1 0 2 A R e v i e w o f A d v a n c e d S e w e r S y s t e m D e s i g n s a n d T e c h n o l o g i e Infrastructure s Water Environment Research Foundation 635 Slaters Lane, Suite G-110 n Alexandria, VA 2231 4-11 77 Phone: 571-384-2100 n Fax: 703-299-0742 n Email: [email protected] www.werf.org WERF Stock No. INFR4SG09d Co-published by IWA Publishing A Review of Advanced Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS United Kingdom Sewer System Designs and Technologies Phone: +44 (0)20 7654 5500 Fax: +44 (0)20 7654 5555 Email: [email protected] Web: www.iwapublishing.co IWAP ISBN: 978-1-78040-025-9/1-78040-025-X Co-published by May 2012 INFR4SG09d A REVIEW OF ADVANCED SEWER SYSTEM DESIGNS AND TECHNOLOGIES by: Simon Lauwo Dr. Sybil Sharvelle (PI) Dr. Larry Roesner (Co-PI) Colorado State University 2012 The Water Environment Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, funds and manages water quality research for its subscribers through a diverse public-private partnership between municipal utilities, corporations, academia, industry, and the federal government. WERF subscribers include municipal and regional water and wastewater utilities, industrial corporations, environmental engineering firms, and others that share a commitment to cost-effective water quality solutions. WERF is dedicated to advancing science and technology addressing water quality issues as they impact water resources, the atmosphere, the lands, and quality of life. For more information, contact: Water Environment Research Foundation 635 Slaters Lane, Suite G-110 Alexandria, VA 22314-1177 Tel: (571) 384-2100 Fax: (703) 299-0742 www.werf.org [email protected] This report was co-published by the following organization. IWA Publishing Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7654 5500 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7654 5555 www.iwapublishing.com [email protected] © Copyright 2012 by the Water Environment Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Permission to copy must be obtained from the Water Environment Research Foundation. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2011931423 Printed in the United States of America IWAP ISBN: 978-1-78040-025-9/1-78040-025-X This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF). Neither WERF, members of WERF, the organization(s) named below, nor any person acting on their behalf: (a) makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report or that such use may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. Colorado State University The research on which this report is based was developed, in part, by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Cooperative Agreement No. CR-83419201-0 with the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF). However, the views expressed in this document are not necessarily those of the EPA and EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This report is a publication of WERF, not EPA. Funds awarded under the Cooperative Agreement cited above were not used for editorial services, reproduction, printing, or distribution. This document was reviewed by a panel of independent experts selected by WERF. Mention of trade names or commercial products or services does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. Similarly, omission of products or trade names indicates nothing concerning WERF's or EPA's positions regarding product effectiveness or applicability. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Research Team Principal Investigators: Sybil Sharvelle, Ph.D. Larry Roesner, Ph.D. Colorado State University – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Project Team: Simon Lauwo Colorado State University – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering WERF Project Subcommittee Michael Borst U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Richard Field, P.E. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Thomas O’Connor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Mary Stinson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (retired) Daniel Murray U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Swarna Muthukrishnan, Ph.D. American Water Jian Yang, Ph.D., P.E. American Water Innovative Infrastructure Research Committee Members Steve Whipp United Utilities North West Daniel Murray U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Stephen P. Allbee U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Michael Royer U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Kevin Hadden Orange County Sanitation District Kendall M. Jacob, P.E. Cobb County Water A Review of Advanced Sewer System Designs and Technologies iii Frank Blaha Water Research Foundation David Hughes American Water Peter Gaewski, MS, P.E. Tata & Howard, Inc. Jeff Leighton City of Portland Water Bureau Walter L. Graf, Jr. WERF Program Director Daniel M. Woltering, Ph.D. WERF Director of Research – IIRC Chair Water Environment Research Foundation Staff Director of Research Daniel M. Woltering, Ph.D. Program Director Walter L. Graf, Jr. Senior Program Director Jeff Moeller, P.E. iv ABSTRACT AND BENEFITS Abstract: This document seeks to collect into one place current and new technologies about sewerage system design. The document organizes the information found in the 295 documents that were reviewed into six subject areas: Advanced Onsite Technologies; Alternative Wastewater Collection System Designs and Technologies; Gravity Sewer System Design and Technology; Infiltration Detection and Control Technologies; Sewer Construction/Rehabilitation Technologies; and Pipe Materials and Joints. Each of the six subject areas is further subdivided into three technology levels: Established Technologies; Proven Technologies; and Experimental and Foreign Technologies. The results are summarized in tabular form for easy review and comparison, followed by descriptions of each of the listed technologies. The descriptive section contains information on how the various designs and technologies work, their cost and performance, advantages and disadvantages, locations where the design or technology is in use, and identification of manufacturers of various technologies. Benefits: Provides a single, comprehensive summary of advanced sewerage system design and technology. Keywords: Advanced sewerage design, combined sewer overflow, sanitary sewer overflow, inflow and infiltration, onsite wastewater. A Review of Advanced Sewer System Designs and Technologies v TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Abstract and Benefits .......................................................................................................................v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. .viii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................x Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................ES-1 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objective of this Document ................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Document Organization ....................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Overview of Sewer Systems ................................................................................ 1-3 1.4.1 Gravity Sewer Systems ............................................................................ 1-3 1.4.2 Pressure Sewer Systems ........................................................................... 1-3 1.4.3 Vacuum Sewer System ............................................................................ 1-3 1.4.4 Small Diameter Gravity Sewer ................................................................ 1-4 1.4.5 Hybrid Sewer System .............................................................................. 1-4 1.5 Performance Issues in Gravity Sewer Systems .................................................... 1-4 1.5.1 Performance and Cost Issues in Combined Sewer Systems (CSS) ......... 1-5 1.5.2 Performance and Cost Issues in Sanitary Sewer Systems (SSS) ............. 1-5 1.6 Performance and Cost Issues in Alternative Wastewater Collection Systems .... 1-6 1.7 Comparison between Gravity and Alternative Wastewater Collection Systems ... 1-7 1.8 Summary .............................................................................................................. 1-7 2.0 Summary of Advanced Sewer System Design and Technologies .......................... 2-1 2.1 Sewer Conveyance System Design and Technologies Literature Selection and Classification Criteria .......................................................................................... 2-1 3.0 Onsite Technologies .....................................................................................................
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