PHILIP CRINCOLI and RICH NARET Airvac Vacuum Technologies Philip Crincoli Northeast Regional Manager
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Vacuum Wastewater Conveyance Systems PHILIP CRINCOLI and RICH NARET Airvac Vacuum Technologies Philip Crincoli Northeast Regional Manager Aqseptence Group, Inc. 4217 N Old US Highway 31 Rochester, IN 46975 USA 1-800 AIRVAC 9 x3083 Direct +1 908-600-1055 [email protected] https://www.aqseptence.com/app/en/keybrands/airvac/ Page 2 Rich Naret, P.E. Senior Engineering Manager Aqseptence Group, Inc. 4217 N Old US Highway 31 Rochester, IN 46975 USA 1-800-AIRVAC-9 Direct +1 727-215-8964 [email protected] https://www.aqseptence.com/app/en/keybrands/airvac/ Page 3 Our Global Organization Global Product Lines Water Water Intake Vacuum Water Well Industrial & Oil & Gas Filtration & Mining Treatment Systems Technology Screens Architectural Screens Thickening Screens Systems Systems Screens Systems Location Aarbergen Karlsruhe Hanau New Brighton New Brighton New Brighton Lugo Brisbane (Germany) (Germany) (Germany) (USA) (USA) (USA) (Italy) (Australia) Key Brand Market = Water and = Power = Municipal = Water = Food & = Petro- = Mining = Mining waste water = Potable = Train resources beverage chemicals = Other utilities water = Industrial = Agriculture = Pulp & paper industries = Building = Architectural = Marine = OEM Page 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Overview of Vacuum Wastewater Technologies 2. Types of Systems-Industrial and Municipal 3. Components of a Vacuum Wastewater System 4. How It Works, Why, Costs, Design and Advantages 5. Case Studies and Regional Applications Page 5 History of Vacuum Technology ▪ First used in Europe in 1870. Patented in US in 1888 ▪ Technology introduced to the U.S. by the Electrolux Company ▪ First US indoor/industrial system was installed in early 1970s at Scott Paper in AL. First US Municipal system was installed in the early 1970’s in Martingham Cty, MD. ▪ Several vacuum manufacturers have been involved in the indoor and outdoor markets Drawing showing early vacuum since the late 1960s but Airvac is only system principles company working within all market segments And layouts of actual system In Prague and Amsterdam – circa 1870 ▪ Several other vacuum manufacturers are active globally, primarily in Asia and Europe Page 6 Systems world-wide Nearly 500 vacuum systems in North America Including Puerto Rico & Bahamas ~ 1500 vacuum systems in 40 countries around the world Page 7 States with Vacuum Systems As of Dec 31, 2020 448 vacuum systems in 31 states, Puerto Rico & Bahamas 448 vacuum systems in 31 states, Puerto Rico & Bahamas TYPE # Municipal 339 Commercial 26 Industrial 4 Marine 31 Monitoring 6 By others 42 Total 448 Page 8 How it Works Vacuum technology uses a pressure differential between atmospheric pressure and negative pressure (vacuum) as the propelling force to move liquid in a sealed piping system The vacuum is created by vacuum pumps at a central vacuum station. Vacuum technology is used a many markets. The 2 primary ones are ▪ Indoor vacuum systems used in a variety of applications ▪ Outdoor/buried systems used in the municipal market Page 9 How it Works Theory of Operation 3 main Components How It Works As valves open and admit atmospheric air, vacuum levels will drop to 16” Hg. This is sensed at the vacuum station & the vacuum pumps come on to restore vacuum to 20” Hg. 3) A normally closed interface valve in the valve pit keeps vacuum 1) Vacuum pumps on the main create a vacuum on the collection tank & 4) Interface valve then shut off opens, contents sucked out, followed by atmospheric air and differential pressure propels sewage toward vacuum station 2) Vacuum mains connected to the tank extend the vacuum to each valve pit Page 11 Airvac Vacuum Sewer Systems How it Works Page 12 Major Components Page 13 Vacuum Plan View A centrally located vacuum station allows for the service area to be divided into zones: • Keeps line sizes small • Is better from a hydraulic (vacuum & friction loss) standpoint • Provides more operational flexibility Page 14 COMPONENT 1 – VALVE PIT Gravity flow from house to the valve pit No electricity is required at the valve pit Page 15 Typical Valve Pit Components All valve pits have the same basic components: •A sewage sump •A chamber to house the valve •An interface valve •Piping to transmit the sewage from the sump, through the valve and out to the vacuum main Page 16 Cold Weather Valve Pit Recommended in climates where there are extended periods of freezing temperatures Same basic valve pit as shown in previous slide but with these modifications: • Insulation is added in the upper cone wall • An insulated lid insert is used below the cast iron frame & cover Shown is a special cold weather valve pit. Page 17 Valve Pit Operation Positive 4) Differential pressure propels Negative pressure: sewage toward vacuum station pressure: Atmospheric air Vacuum in main from Air Terminal 2) Vacuum from in 3) Valve opens and the front of valve is contents are sucked applied to the back out of the sump via of the valve via tubing the suction pipe followed by several 1) As sump fills, air seconds of trapped in sensor atmospheric air pipe is transmitted via tubing to the valve controller Page 18 Typical 3” Interface Valve ▪ Vacuum valves are designed for Pneumatic operation- no electrical power is required ▪ Vacuum valves used in the municipal market must be capable of passing a 3” solid Shown is a cutaway Airvac 3” interface valve made in the US. Page 19 Airvac Vacuum Sewer Systems Airvac in Action Page 20 Cast Iron Valve Pit Covers ▪ Pits must be H-20 traffic rated (not just the cover but the entire valve pit) ▪ Usually installed in right- of-way ▪ Concrete collar used for traffic situations Page 21 Building sewer from house Air terminal has 2 functions: • Source of atmospheric air needed for valve Building sewer operation is typically 4” or 6” • Prevents vacuum from pulling traps dry Gravity flow from house to Vacuum Main Valve pit Page 22 6” Air Terminal (AT) 1 per Valve Pit Valve Pit Air Terminal Page 23 Air Terminal Available in simulated stone or utility green Can add options such as cycle counter or alarm monitoring system Operator accessible in R-O-W Page 24 Typical valve pit sharing Page 25 Valve Pit Gravity Stub-outs Purpose To extend service to the property line We don’t want homeowner’s contactor to get near the pit when connecting Homeowner’s contractor just needs to connect pipe to pipe Stop-coupling to keep pipe Typically 6 ft long & from being pushed in too far then capped Page 26 Valve pit Coring Holes for Gravity stub-out 4 possible gravity inlets @ 90⁰ (2 shown; 2 on other side as well) Holes field cut ~ 18” above base of sump Page 27 Concrete Buffer Tanks For large water users Vacuum valve(s) installed in a concrete manhole with formed sumps Service Line Vacuum Main Sump Page 28 COMPONENT 2 – VACUUM MAINS Vacuum Gravity Page 29 Pipe Material ▪ 4”, 6”, 8”, 10” & 12” ▪ SDR 21 PVC or Sch 40 PVC ▪ “Rieber” Type Gasket Page 30 Rieber Gasket ▪ Factory installed, double-lipped locked- in gasket ▪ Reduces installation problems ▪ Leak proof joints Page 31 Vacuum Main Fittings • Can be solvent weld or gasketed (Rieber type gasket) • Can be fabricated, assembled or molded • Pressure rated fittings used (not DWV) • Tee fittings are not allowed Page 32 Sawtooth Profile “lifts” Ensures an open passage of air between the vacuum station and interface valve at the extreme end Flow Page 33 Vacuum mains Level, uphill and downhill transport 500 ft @ 0.20% Slope Flow 20 ft Flow 0.25’ fall Level – use “lifts” to maintain same elevation Uphill – space lifts closer together (drop (drop 1 ft then gain it back with 1 ft lift) 0.25 ft then gain 1 ft or more with a lift) Fall between lifts: 0.20% or 0.25 ft whichever is greater Flow Downhill – follow ground slope Flow Page 34 Static Loss Limit – 13 ft How was this determined? Vacuum Pump 30” Hg = 34’ Water – Pure vacuum 20” Hg = 23’ Water Normal Operating Range 16” Hg = 18’ Water Using the low end 18’ total available lift 35 - 5’ used to evacuate the sump 13’ available for transport Page 35 Static Loss Pressure vs vacuum Pump/pressure sewer Static loss is the actual elevation difference between the pump and the highest point in the pipeline Vacuum Static loss is a calculated value based on an empirically derived equation. In addition, no energy is “regained” when going downhill. Every “lift” in a given flowpath has an associated calculated static loss with the static loss on that flowpath cumulative. Page 36 Flow Path Example 1 VACUUM COLLECTION MAIN #3 MAIN #1 STATION 8+13 MAIN #2 0+00 AIRVAC Valves 2+00 0+00 6+00 21+40 B Flow path goes BRANCH B 2 6 from the very end 26+50 BUFFER of each main or TANK 0+00 BRANCH C (10GPM) branch to the 30+15 12+95 C vacuum station 34+15 16+50 36+00 18+10 38+95 In this example, 0+00 D 44+40 22+50 there are 7 flow TYPICAL HOMES 2+80 48+00 paths BRANCH D BRANCH F 30+30 G E 53+95 8+30 4 5 3 7 Page 37 Vacuum piping Diameters & Lengths Pipe Diameter Maximum Where Used Recommended (inches) Length (ft) 3 Service Lateral 300 Branch Line / End of 4 2,000 Main Line Limited by static & 6, 8, 10, 12 Main Line friction losses Page 38 Vacuum Piping Design capacity Recommended design Max # Vacuum main flow EDUs 4” 38 gpm 60 6” 105 gpm 165 8” 210 gpm 330 10” 375 gpm 585 3.5 per/hse - 75 gpd - 3.5 peak Assumes 1 EDU = 0.64 gpm [75 gpcd x 3.5 per/hse x 3.5 peak factor] / 1440 min/day Page 39 Line Sizing Example Vacuum Max # main EDUs 4” 60 41 15 35 100 6” 165 8” 330 50 55 10” 585 Vac 141 45 Sta 231 42 Vacuum Color main code 12 10 4” 20 179 152 62 42 6” 52 15 25 20 8” 10” Page 40 Main Line or Branch Line Connections ▪ Connections to the main are made “over-the-top” by using a wye fitting in the vertical position or by rolling the wye to a 45 degree angle.