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The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts

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The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Scholarship at Penn Libraries Penn Libraries January 2000 The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts David N. Nelson University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers Recommended Citation Nelson, D. N. (2000). The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/20 Reprinted from The Penn Library Collections at 250: From Franklin to the Web, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Library, 2000), pages 203-217. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/20 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit Manuscripts Comments Reprinted from The Penn Library Collections at 250: From Franklin to the Web, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Library, 2000), pages 203-217. This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/20 10 The Penniman-Gribbel Collection of Sanskrit 1 1 This paper is heavily indebted Manuscripts to a number of articles about the Penn Indic manuscript collection written by Dr. Stephan H. Levitt, David Nelson who received his doctorate from the South Asian Regional Studies Department in 1973 under Dr. W. Norman Brown. Stephan H. Lev- itt, “New Manuscripts from the Collection of W. Norman Brown A manuscript should be dressed up like one’s child. Added to the Indic Manuscript Should be guarded from all others like one’s wife, Collection of the Library of the Should be carefully treated like a wound on one’s body University of Pennsylvania” un- Should be seen everyday like a good friend, published paper, 199?; “Sinhalese Should be securely bound like a prisoner, Painted Wooden Bookcovers,” Should be in constant remembrance like the name of God, Manuscripta Orientalia 3, no. 4 Only then will the manuscript not perish. (1997):3-15; “Chess—Its South 2 These are the wise words of the Teacher. Asian Origin and Meaning,” An- nals of the Bhandarkar Oriental he University of Pennsylvania Library possesses a collection Research Institute 72-3 (1991-92; issued 1993):533-47, 6 figures; T of almost 3,300 Indic manuscripts, the largest such collec- “Some Yantras from Sri Lanka,” tion in the Western hemisphere. While the vast majority of Journal of the Asiatic Society (Cal- these manuscripts are from India, there are also a number of cutta) [4th ser.] 28.2 (1986), 67-89, manuscripts from Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Tibet. 14 figures in text; “A Descriptive Catalogue of the Indic and Some of the manuscripts had been acquired in chance fash- Greater Indic Manuscripts in the ion by the Library and the University Museum before 1930, Collection of the University Mu- but in that year, at the request of Professor W. Norman seum of the University of Penn- Brown (1892-1975), Provost Josiah Penniman provided a sum sylvania,” Library Chronicle 44, of money to purchase Indic manuscripts. Shortly thereafter no. 2 (1980):97-152; “The Li- brary’s Indic Manuscript collec- he obtained a donation from the late Mr. John Gribbel. Sub- tion,” Library Chronicle 40, no. stantial contributions from Dr. Charles W. Burr, the Faculty 2 (1976):151-162; “Some Notes Research Fund, and the Cotton Fund soon followed. The Regarding Sanskrit Paper Manu- bulk of the manuscripts are the result of purchases made using scripts based on the Indic manu- script Collection of the Library of these funds in India, between 1930 and 1935, under the direc- the University of Pennsylvania,” tion of Professor W. Norman Brown. How this collection of Journal of the Asiatic Society (Cal- manuscripts came to Penn is a story worth recounting.3 cutta) 17, nos. 1-4 (1975):96-102. Since the collection consists primarily of Sanskrit manu- scripts, we need first to consider the beginning of Sanskrit 2 K.V. Sarma, “Scribes in Indian Studies at Penn during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Tradition,” Jagannath University Sanskrit is an Indo-European language, cognate especially to Journal of Indology, 5 (1992):88. Author’s translation. Ancient Greek and Latin. Moreover, Sanskrit remains to India what Latin was to the West: the language of educated discourse and the critical link among the diverse linguistic and regional Opposite page: Illustration depicting communities of the subcontinent. One cannot study the cul- the marriage of Ngavant˛ and tural heritage of South Asia without recourse to Sanskrit. Ngaj˛. 204 THE PENN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS AT 250 It was primarily for the first reason that Sanskrit began to Klakcryakath, probably first be taught at Penn in the early 1880s. Prof. Morton W. Easton, half of the fifteenth century. An Professor of Comparative Philology, taught the Sanskrit courses. illustration depicting Klaka. The white robes of Klaka are indicated Easton was Professor of Philology from 1883-1892, Prof. of by the white dots. This is the English and Comparative Philology from 1892-1912 and emeri- manuscript which sparked Brown’s tus from 1912-1917. He had studied Sanskrit at Yale under interest in not only Indic manu- W.D. Whitney (1827-1894). Upon completing his dissertation scripts, but Jain studies as well. on the evolution of language, Easton was awarded the first Altogether, three differently col- ored backgrounds, red, blue, or American doctorate in Sanskrit in 1872. (Penn was one of the black, were washed on. The text first American academic institutions to offer courses in Sanskrit; was then written with golden ink. in fact, during the 1880s Penn offered a major and a minor in The illustration was added after the Sanskrit.) Easton retired in 1912 and was replaced the following text was written, with the gold added first, then red, then blue, year by Franklin Edgerton. After Edgerton left for Yale in 1926, and finally white. (For description W. Norman Brown came to Penn as his replacement. of folio see Brown, The Story of Brown’s interest in manuscripts was first piqued one Decem- Klaka [Washington: Freer Gallery ber morning in 1922, while he was staying at Benares. An of Art, 1933]:126). Indian gentleman appeared at his door, unwrapped a cloth and showed Brown a lavishly illustrated manuscript of a Jain4 text. 3 Much of the information on It was the first illustrated manuscript Brown had seen, and he Dr. Brown and Pandit Khiste was purchased it on the spot. Bequeathed to Penn at Brown’s death, obtained from the University of Pennsylvania Archives and Re- the Klakcryakath, is a fine example of the Western Indian cords Center. school of illustration.5 Early in his career at Penn, Brown cultivated a relationship with Provost Penniman, from whom he soon began to solicit 4 The Jains constitute an im- funds for a major Sanskrit manuscript acquisitions project. In portant religious group in India. a letter to Provost Penniman dated December 5, 1927, Brown Their founder Mahavira slightly antedates Gautama Buddha. They outlined a proposal for acquiring manuscripts in “Sanskrit, Pali, are particularly well known for Prakrit, and other languages of India that would easily surpass their adherence to the doctrine of any other collection existing in the United States, or even all non-violence. such collections combined.”6 He noted that for a very modest sum of money, Penn could easily acquire a collection of manuscripts THE PENNIMAN - GRIBBEL COLLECTION OF SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS 205 such as would make it immediately the largest in the country. Sangahaniprakarana, Jain manuscript To underscore his point, he drew attention to the Prakrit illustrated (17th century, gouache Klakcryakath manuscript, which he had purchased in Benares on paper). Scenes depicting vio- lence (hims). Animals of prey with for a mere $7. He argued that the value of the collection would their victims. The couple in the be twofold: It would be a teaching asset for advanced study bottom row represent love. because it would attract more students to its program; and the manuscripts would provide a much needed resource for scholars seeking to edit unpublished texts or critically unedited texts. He 5 This manuscript resulted in then suggested a sum of $5,000 be allocated for this purpose. an important publication for Penniman liked the idea and wrote Brown on December 7, Brown: The Story of Klaka : Texts, History, Legends, and Min- 1927: “I am taking up actively the matter we talked about, iature Paintings of the Svetmbara with particular attention to the suggestion I made that we jain Hagiographical Work The send a representative to India with funds to purchase as many Klakcryakath, (Washington: Indian manuscripts as may be available and the money will Freer Gallery of Art, 1933). pay for.” Since the money for such a project would not be forthcoming from the University, Penniman alludes to the need 6 W. Norman Brown Papers, for a benefactor: “I have written to one person, hoping that I University of Pennsylvania Ar- may get a sympathetic reply.” That person was John Fredrick chives and Records, Folder inven- Lewis, a well-known collector in Philadelphia whose large col- tory, Box 1, FF 17. lection of illuminated manuscripts is now at the Free Library of Philadelphia. Penniman also suggested that Brown dine with Lewis and him. However, the evening did not produce the desired results. In a memo of January 10, 1928 Penniman expresses his regrets at not being able to find a donor. Brown went to India in 1928 on a Guggenheim fellowship and continued to correspond with Penniman, still pressing his case for the acquisition of original source material. That manuscripts were very much on his mind is clear from a letter 206 THE PENN LIBRARY COLLECTIONS AT 250 to Penniman of November 2, 1928, which begins: “Since I have arrived in India and have been making inquiries about manuscripts for sale and find that there are a good many available.
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