DOCSLIB.ORG

Thermal Niche Traits of Tropical High-Elevation Plant Species And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thermal Niche Traits of Tropical High-Elevation Plant Species And UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Global environmental changes in the high tropical Andes Cuesta Camacho, F.X. Publication date 2019 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Cuesta Camacho, F. X. (2019). Global environmental changes in the high tropical Andes. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:07 Oct 2021 Chapter 4 R. Jaramillo Chapter 4 Thermal niche traits of tropical high-elevation plant species and communities and their vulnerability to global warming along a 4000 km latitudinal gradient in the Andes Cuesta, F., Tovar, C., Llambí, L.D., Gosling, W.D., Halloy, S., Carilla, J., Muriel P., Meneses, R.I., Beck, S., Ulloa-Ulloa, C., Yager, K., Aguirre, N., Viñas, P., Jácome, J., Suárez-Duque, D. & Pauli, H. In revision: Journal of Biogeography R. Jaramillo 64 MODERN BUSINESS background write whaterver your want in this awesome infrographic Chapter 4 Thermal niche traits of tropical high-elevation plant species and communities and their vulnerability to global warming along a 4000 km latitudinal gradient in the Andes Running title: Thermal traits of plant species and communities of the tropical Andes Francisco Cuesta1,2,3*, Carolina Tovar4, Luis D. Llambí5, William D. Gosling2, Stephan Halloy6, Julieta Carilla7, Priscilla Muriel8, Rosa I. Meneses9, Stephan Beck9, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa10, Karina Yager11, Nikolay Aguirre12, Paul Viñas13, Jorge Jácome14, David Suárez-Duque15, Wouter Buytaert16, Harald Pauli17 1*Biodiversity Department - Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Eco- rregión Andina (CONDESAN). Germán Alemán E12-123. Email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Ecosystem & Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: [email protected] 3Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud -BIOMAS - Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Ecuador 4Biodiversity Informatics & Spatial Analysis, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, The Jodrell Laboratory, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB. Email: [email protected] 5Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. Email: [email protected] 6Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] 7Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. Email: [email protected] 8Laboratorio de Ecofisiolgía, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Email: [email protected] 9Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural - Instituto de Ecología (UMSA). Email: [email protected], [email protected] 65 Chapter 4 10Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] 11NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Email: [email protected] 12Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Program, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ecuador. Email: [email protected] 13Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional, Perú. Email: [email protected] 14Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Colombia. Email: [email protected] 15Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Email: [email protected] 16Department of civil and environmental engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK: Email: [email protected] 17Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Email: [email protected] *Author for correspondence: Francisco Cuesta Acknowledgments This paper has been developed thanks to the financial support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) that supported the GLORIA-Andes network and the baseline establishment of 6 monitoring sites through the CIMA Project conducted by CONDESAN. FC has also received additional funding to complete this study from the EcoAndes Project conducted by CONDESAN and UN-Environment, funded by the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) and from the Andean Forest Program funded by SDC, and thanks Manuela Winkler for her comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. LDLL is grateful to Lirey Ramírez, Luis E. Gámez, Nelson Marquez and Jesus E. Torres from Universidad de los Andes (ICAE). JC thanks the Consejo Nacional de Ciencias de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas of Argentina (CONICET) and recognizes the financial support of the ALARM Project of the European Commission. PM is grateful to 66 Chapter 4 Ricardo Jaramillo and Gabriel Sáenz, and acknowledges the Andean Community (CAN) and its former Proyecto de Adaptación al Impacto del Retroceso Acelerado de Glaciares en los Andes Tropicales -PRAA- and the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) for the financial support to implement the Reserva Ecológica Antisana Site (EC-ANT). All the authors acknowledge the following government agencies for granting permissions to implement the study sites in the Andean Countries and for their support to the GLORIA-Andes Network: Instituto Nacional de Parques (Venezuela), Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Ministerio del Ambiente (Ecuador, Autorización de Investigación Científica No. 004-2017-IC-FLO-DNB/MA/RENOVACIÓN),Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP, Perú), Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SERNAP, Bolivia), Dirección de Flora, Fauna Silvestre y Suelos, Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo, Provincia de Tucumán and Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable, Provincia de Salta (Argentina). Abstract Aim To test the Climate Variability Hypothesis, postulating that reduced seasonal temperature variation selects for narrower thermal tolerances of species, along latitudinal and elevation gradients, in order to assess the vulnerability of alpine plant diversity to climate change effects. Location Tropical mountain summits distributed along the Andes, from Venezuela to NW- Argentina. Methods For 505 vascular plant species from alpine communities on 49 mountain summits, temperature data were extracted from a total of 29,627 geo-referenced occurrences. Species thermal niche traits (TNTs) were estimated for: minimum temperature, optimum (mean) temperature, and breadth (maximum-minimum) during the growing season. Plant community scores were estimated using the weighted average of the TNTs of their constituent species, and vulnerability to global warming was assessed for both species and communities. 67 Chapter 4 Results Species with ranges restricted to near the equator had narrower niche breadth than those with broader latitudinal distributions or distributed further from the equator. Both, thermal optimum and niche breadth were consistently lower in species with ranges circumscribed to alpine environments than those with wider altitudinal range. We found a significant positive relationship between community breadth score (CBS) and latitude and a negative one between community minimum score (CMS) and latitude. Altitude was negatively related with community temperature score (CTS) and CMS but it was not related to CBS. Species restricted to equatorial latitudes are expected to undergo the strongest niche breadth contraction under 1.5 °/3.5 °C warming scenarios and plant communities dominated by these species were classified as the most vulnerable ones. Main conclusions Reduced seasonal temperature variation at low latitudes selects for narrower thermal tolerances of tropical alpine species and communities, compared to those at higher latitudes. Our results confirm the CVH for plant communities located on mountain summits spanning the latitudinal gradient throughout the tropical Andes. TNTs are suggested as indicators of the vulnerability of species and communities to climate warming. Keywords: Mountains, climate seasonality, climate change, niche breadth, thermal optimum, endemics Introduction Some of the first evidence for a close relationship between temperature and vegetation was provided by Alexander von Humboldt whilst travelling in tropical America in the early 19th century (Romanowski & Jackson, 2009). In particular, Humboldt established the relation between elevation and the distribution of plant taxa in his seminal work ‘Tableau Physique’ and defined the concept of the vertical zonation of vegetation (Von Humboldt, 1807). Over the following two centuries, much effort had been spent on refining Humboldt’s pioneering observations. In line
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant Diversity and Composition Changes Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Isolated Volcano Sumaco in the Ecuadorian Amazon
    diversity Article Plant Diversity and Composition Changes along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Isolated Volcano Sumaco in the Ecuadorian Amazon Pablo Lozano 1,*, Omar Cabrera 2 , Gwendolyn Peyre 3 , Antoine Cleef 4 and Theofilos Toulkeridis 5 1 1 Herbario ECUAMZ, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 2 vía Puyo Tena, Paso Lateral, 160-150 Puyo, Ecuador 2 Dpto. de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 110-104 Loja, Ecuador; [email protected] 3 Dpto. de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; [email protected] 4 IBED, Paleoecology & Landscape ecology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 HX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 5 Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, P.O.Box, 171-5-231B Sangolquí, Ecuador; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +593-961-162-250 Received: 29 April 2020; Accepted: 29 May 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: The paramo is a unique and severely threatened ecosystem scattered in the high northern Andes of South America. However, several further, extra-Andean paramos exist, of which a particular case is situated on the active volcano Sumaco, in the northwestern Amazon Basin of Ecuador. We have set an elevational gradient of 600 m (3200–3800 m a.s.l.) and sampled a total of 21 vegetation plots, using the phytosociological method. All vascular plants encountered were typified by their taxonomy, life form and phytogeographic origin. In order to determine if plots may be ensembled into vegetation units and understand what the main environmental factors shaping this pattern are, a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed.
    [Show full text]
  • Compositae Giseke (1792)
    Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina VITTO, LUIS A. DEL; PETENATTI, E. M. ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL Multequina, núm. 18, 2009, pp. 87-115 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42812317008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL ASTERACEAE OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE. FIRST PART. MORPHOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC SYNOPSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE AND PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE LUIS A. DEL VITTO Y E. M. PETENATTI Herbario y Jardín Botánico UNSL, Cátedras Farmacobotánica y Famacognosia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ej. de los Andes 950, D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina. [email protected]. RESUMEN Las Asteráceas incluyen gran cantidad de especies útiles (medicinales, agrícolas, industriales, etc.). Algunas han sido domesticadas y cultivadas desde la Antigüedad y otras conforman vastas extensiones de vegetación natural, determinando la fisonomía de numerosos paisajes. Su uso etnobotánico ha ayudado a sustentar numerosos pueblos. Hoy, unos 40 géneros de Asteráceas son relevantes en alimentación humana y animal, fuentes de aceites fijos, aceites esenciales, forraje, miel y polen, edulcorantes, especias, colorantes, insecticidas, caucho, madera, leña o celulosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
    Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with Special Reference to the South American Valerians Charles D.Bell Ã,1, Michael J.Donoghue
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 147–159 www.elsevier.de/ode Phylogeny and biogeography of Valerianaceae (Dipsacales) with special reference to the South American valerians Charles D.Bell Ã,1, Michael J.Donoghue Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 065211, USA Received 22 April 2004; accepted 26 October 2004 Abstract Species of Valerianaceae are a common component of the alpine flora throughout the Northern Hemisphere as well as the Andes of South America.Sequence data from three chloroplast markers ( psbA-trnH intron, trnK-matK intron, and the trnL-F region) along with the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to infer relationships within Valerianaceae.Both genomes, as well as a combined data set, provide support for the major clades within the group and do not support a monophyletic Valeriana.In addition, these data indicate that Plectritis is nested within South American Valeriana, as opposed to being sister to Centhranthus as previously hypothesized. Valerianaceae appear to have originated in Asia, probably in the Himalayas, and subsequently to have dispersed several times to Europe and to the New World.Our results imply that Valerianaceae colonized South America on multiple occasions from the north.In one of these cases there appears to have been a substantial and rapid radiation, primarily in the high elevation paramo habitat.A variety of methods were used to estimate divergence times to determine when Valerianaceae might have colonized South America.Regardless of the method and fossil constraints applied, our estimates suggest that Valerianaceae colonized South America prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Coulter's Californian Exsiccata
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 37 Issue 1 Issue 1–2 Article 2 2019 Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Gary D. (2020) "Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 37: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol37/iss1/2 Aliso, 37(1–2), pp. 1–73 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) PLANTAE COULTERIANAE: THOMAS COULTER’S CALIFORNIAN EXSICCATA Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden [formerly Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden], 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ([email protected]) abstract An account of the extent, diversity, and importance of the Californian collections of Thomas Coulter in the herbarium (TCD) of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, is presented here. It is based on examination of collections in TCD, several other collections available online, and referenced literature. Additional infor- mation on historical context, content of herbarium labels and annotations is included. Coulter’s collections in TCD are less well known than partial duplicate sets at other herbaria. He was the first botanist to cross the desert of southern California to the Colorado River. Coulter’s collections in TCD include not only 60 vascular plant specimens previously unidentified as type material but also among the first moss andmarine algae specimens known to be collected in California. A list of taxa named for Thomas Coulter is included.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Name Here
    BIOGEOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE POLYLEPIS FOREST REMNANTS OF THE NORTHEASTERN CORDILLERA ORIENTAL OF ECUADOR AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR CONSERVATION by SHEIKA ARAGUNDI LEÓN (Under the Direction of Kathleen C. Parker) ABSTRACT This dissertation aimed to clarify the relative importance of environmental versus human factors in shaping the historic and modern distribution of Polylepis forest in the southern part of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador (491 km2) and to assess the implications of its current distribution range for the genetic variation of the dominant tree species, Polylepis pauta, and for its floristic diversity. Aerial photography interpretation revealed that Polylepis forest covered approximately 5% percent of the study area in 1956 and that around 3% of that forest cover was lost by 1999 through attrition and shrinkage. Spatial associations between fire, landslides and Polylepis forest loss combined with knowledge of indigenous land use practices, suggests an anthropogenic transition from forest to grassland in the study area. The analysis of allozyme variation from twelve Polylepis forest patches showed that the level of genetic diversity maintained by Polylepis pauta, coupled with low levels of genetic differentiation between populations within and among watersheds, is consistent with a more continuous historical range of the species in the southern part of the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. Results also identify the Oyacachi basin as the richest in P. pauta genetic diversity. Overall floristic diversity recorded in the Polylepis pauta forest patches sampled in the Chalpi, Oyacachi and Papallacta basins was lower than that observed in floristic inventories of Polylepis forests of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. At the local scale, the Oyacachi basin was more diverse than the other two basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
    Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Community Ecology, Dynamics and Productivity of Tropical Grasslands in the Andes
    The Pdramo Vegetation of Ecuador: the Community Ecology, Dynamics and Productivity of Tropical Grasslands in the Andes. by Paul Michael Ramsay A thesis submitted for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor of the University of Wales. December 1992 School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW. i Dedicated to the memory of Jack Higgins, my grandfather. "... a naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write." Charles Darwin ii Table of Contents Preface AcknoWledgements vii Summary ix Resumen Chapter 1. Introduction to the Ecuadorian P6ramos 1 Ecuador 2 The Pâramos of the Andes 2 Geology and Edaphology of the Paramos 6 Climate 8 Flora 11 Fauna 14 The Influence of Man 14 Chapter 2. The Community Ecology of the Ecuadorian P6ramos 17 Introduction 18 Methods 20 Results 36 The Zonal Vegetation of the Ecuadorian Paramos 51 Discussion 64 Chapter 3. Plant Form in the Ecuadorian Paramos 77 Section I. A Growth Form Classification for the Ecuadorian Paramos 78 Section II. The Growth Form Composition of the Ecuadorian Pâramos Introduction 94 Methods 95 Results 97 Discussion 107 Section III. Temperature Characteristics of Major Growth Forms in the Ecuadorian PSramos Introductio n 112 Methods 113 Results 118 Discussion 123 III Table of Contents iv Chapter 4. Aspects of Plant Community Dynamics in the Ecuadorian Pgramos 131 Introduction 132 Methods 133 Results 140 Discussion 158 Chapter 5. An Assessment of Net Aboveground Primary Productivity in the Andean Grasslands of Central Ecuador 165 Introduction 166 Methods 169 Results 177 Discussion 189 Chapter 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Worldwide Catalogue of Cushion Plants 100 Years After Hauri and Schröter
    1914–2014: A revised worldwide catalogue of cushion plants 100 years after Hauri and Schröter Serge Aubert, Florian Boucher, Sébastien Lavergne, Julien Renaud & Philippe Choler Alpine Botany ISSN 1664-2201 Alp Botany DOI 10.1007/s00035-014-0127-x 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Swiss Botanical Society. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Alp Botany DOI 10.1007/s00035-014-0127-x ORIGINAL PAPER 1914–2014: A revised worldwide catalogue of cushion plants 100 years after Hauri and Schro¨ter Serge Aubert • Florian Boucher • Se´bastien Lavergne • Julien Renaud • Philippe Choler Received: 6 December 2013 / Accepted: 21 February 2014 Ó Swiss Botanical Society 2014 Abstract Cushion plants have long fascinated botanists forms. A website has been launched to display the cata- for their ability to cope with extreme environments in most logue and enable a collaborative improvement of the mountains and arctic regions of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Billie A. Gould 2,5 , Blanca Le Ó N 3 , Aron M. Buffen 4,6 , and Lonnie G
    American Journal of Botany 97(9): 1579–1584. 2010. BRIEF COMMUNICATION E VIDENCE OF A HIGH-ANDEAN, MID-HOLOCENE PLANT COMMUNITY: AN ANCIENT DNA ANALYSIS OF GLACIALLY PRESERVED REMAINS 1 Billie A. Gould 2,5 , Blanca Le ó n 3 , Aron M. Buffen 4,6 , and Lonnie G. Thompson 4 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 USA; 3 Herbarium, Plant Resources Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA; and 4 Byrd Polar Research Center and School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 USA • Premise of the study : Around the world, tropical glaciers and ice caps are retreating at unprecedented rates because of climate change. In at least one location, along the margin of the Quelccaya Ice Cap in southeastern Peru, ancient plant remains have been continually uncovered since 2002. We used genetic analysis to identify plants that existed at these sites during the mid- Holocene. • Methods: We examined remains between 4576 and 5222 yr old, using PCR amplifi cation, cloning, and sequencing of a frag- ment of the chloroplast trnL intron. We then matched these sequences to sequences in GenBank. • Key results : We found evidence of at least fi ve taxa characteristic of wetlands, which occur primarily at lower elevations in the region today. • Conclusions : A diverse community most likely existed at these locations the last time they were ice-free and thus has the po- tential to reestablish with time. This is the fi rst genetic analysis of vegetation uncovered by receding glacial ice, and it may become one of many as ancient plant materials are newly uncovered in a changing climate.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Metabolitos Secundarios Con Actividad Antifúngica En La Tribu
    Metabolitos secundarios con actividad antifúngica en la tribu Senecioneae (Asteraceae) García Contreras, María Paula1 [email protected] 1.Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Ciencias. Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecurias (UNIDIA). Grupo de investigación en fitoquímica (GIFUJ) RESUMEN Los hongos patógenos de plantas representan grandes pérdidas para el sector floricultor y su tratamiento se ha visto limitado debido a la toxicidad de los fungicidas y al desarrollo de mecanismos de resistencia por parte de los patógenos. Los metabolitos secundarios de las plantas se han estudiado como una potencial alternativa para su tratamiento debido a su efectividad como sustancias antimicrobianas, particularmente dentro de la familia Asteraceae, la tribu Senecioneae se ha mostrado como un grupo potencial para la búsqueda de metabolitos secundarios con actividad biológica. Por lo tanto, el propósito de esta revisión es recopilar los estudios disponibles de actividad antifúngica para la tribu Senecioneae con el fin de identificar potenciales compuestos para la investigación en fungicidas naturales aplicables a fitopatógenos de cultivos de flores. Palabras clave: Asteraceae, Senecioneae, metabolitos secundarios, fitoquímica, aceites esenciales, monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, alcaloides pirrolizidínicos, actividad antifúngica, fitopatógenos. INTRODUCCIÓN Las plantas son susceptibles a una gran variedad de agentes bióticos que pueden afectar su crecimiento, desarrollo y reproducción. Dentro de estos, los hongos patógenos tienen la capacidad de infectar tejidos como la raíz y el tallo, dificultando el transporte de agua y nutrientes, o las hojas, impidiendo procesos de intercambio gaseoso y fotosíntesis (Struck 2006). Debido a que estos patógenos pueden atacar plantas de interés económico como los cultivos de flores y generar grandes pérdidas (Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá 2015), los productores acuden a estrategias rápidas y sencillas para su tratamiento como la aplicación y rotación de fungicidas sobre los cultivos (Lesmes-Fabian & Binder 2013).
    [Show full text]