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Plant Diversity and Composition Changes Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Isolated Volcano Sumaco in the Ecuadorian Amazon
diversity Article Plant Diversity and Composition Changes along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Isolated Volcano Sumaco in the Ecuadorian Amazon Pablo Lozano 1,*, Omar Cabrera 2 , Gwendolyn Peyre 3 , Antoine Cleef 4 and Theofilos Toulkeridis 5 1 1 Herbario ECUAMZ, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 2 vía Puyo Tena, Paso Lateral, 160-150 Puyo, Ecuador 2 Dpto. de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 110-104 Loja, Ecuador; [email protected] 3 Dpto. de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; [email protected] 4 IBED, Paleoecology & Landscape ecology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 HX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] 5 Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, P.O.Box, 171-5-231B Sangolquí, Ecuador; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +593-961-162-250 Received: 29 April 2020; Accepted: 29 May 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: The paramo is a unique and severely threatened ecosystem scattered in the high northern Andes of South America. However, several further, extra-Andean paramos exist, of which a particular case is situated on the active volcano Sumaco, in the northwestern Amazon Basin of Ecuador. We have set an elevational gradient of 600 m (3200–3800 m a.s.l.) and sampled a total of 21 vegetation plots, using the phytosociological method. All vascular plants encountered were typified by their taxonomy, life form and phytogeographic origin. In order to determine if plots may be ensembled into vegetation units and understand what the main environmental factors shaping this pattern are, a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed. -
Taxonomic Revaluation of the Polylepis Pauta and P. Sericea (Rosaceae) from Ecuador
Phytotaxa 454 (2): 111–126 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.2.3 Taxonomic revaluation of the Polylepis pauta and P. sericea (Rosaceae) from Ecuador TATIANA ERIKA BOZA ESPINOZA1,2,4, KATYA ROMOLEROUX3,6 & MICHAEL KESSLER1,5 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. 2 Herbario Vargas CUZ, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco, Perú. 3 Herbario QCA, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador. 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-1795 5 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-9218 Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract We conducted a taxonomic revaluation of the Polylepis pauta and P. sericea complexes in Ecuador, recognizing five species, three of which are described as new: Polylepis humboldtii sp. nov., P. loxensis sp. nov., P. longipilosa sp. nov., P. ochreata, and P. pauta. We provide descriptions of all species, full specimen citations, and updated keys to genus Polylepis in Ecuador and to the P. pauta and P. sericea complexes in general. Resúmen Realizamos una reevaluación taxonómica de los complejos Polylepis pauta y P. sericea en Ecuador, reconociendo cinco especies en estos complejos, tres de las cuales se describen como nuevas: Polylepis humboldtii sp. nov., P. -
Compositae Giseke (1792)
Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina VITTO, LUIS A. DEL; PETENATTI, E. M. ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL Multequina, núm. 18, 2009, pp. 87-115 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42812317008 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 ASTERÁCEAS DE IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y AMBIENTAL. PRIMERA PARTE. SINOPSIS MORFOLÓGICA Y TAXONÓMICA, IMPORTANCIA ECOLÓGICA Y PLANTAS DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL ASTERACEAE OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE. FIRST PART. MORPHOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC SYNOPSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE AND PLANTS OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE LUIS A. DEL VITTO Y E. M. PETENATTI Herbario y Jardín Botánico UNSL, Cátedras Farmacobotánica y Famacognosia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ej. de los Andes 950, D5700HHW San Luis, Argentina. [email protected]. RESUMEN Las Asteráceas incluyen gran cantidad de especies útiles (medicinales, agrícolas, industriales, etc.). Algunas han sido domesticadas y cultivadas desde la Antigüedad y otras conforman vastas extensiones de vegetación natural, determinando la fisonomía de numerosos paisajes. Su uso etnobotánico ha ayudado a sustentar numerosos pueblos. Hoy, unos 40 géneros de Asteráceas son relevantes en alimentación humana y animal, fuentes de aceites fijos, aceites esenciales, forraje, miel y polen, edulcorantes, especias, colorantes, insecticidas, caucho, madera, leña o celulosa. -
Morfometría Y Morfología De Estomas Y De Polen Como Indicadores Indirectos De Poliploidía En Especies Del Género Polylepis (Rosaceae) En Ecuador
Ecología Austral 28:175-187 Abril MÉTODO 2018 INDIRECTO DE POLIPLOIDÍA EN POLYLEPIS Sección Especial 175 Asociación Argentina de Ecología Morfometría y morfología de estomas y de polen como indicadores indirectos de poliploidía en especies del género Polylepis (Rosaceae) en Ecuador J������ C. C����*; D�������� V�����; C����� O�����; M���� A�������; L������� B����; O���� A�����; C����� A�����; A����� D���� � M���� S������-S������ Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE. Sangolquí. Ecuador. R������. Los bosques de Polylepis (Familia: Rosaceae), originarios de los Andes, son considerados como uno de los ecosistemas boscosos más amenazados. A lo largo de su historia evolutiva se evidenciaron varios episodios de poliploidía que impactaron en sus procesos de especiación. Las estructuras celulares como el polen y células oclusivas se encuentran muy influenciadas por la cantidad de genes presentes en cada especie, por lo que representa un método indirecto para determinar el grado de ploidía. En este estudio se analizó la relación del tamaño del grano de polen y la longitud de las células oclusivas con el tamaño del genoma y el número cromosómico, además de la viabilidad polínica de Polylepis incana, P. pauta, P. microphylla, P. racemosa y P. sericea recolectadas en los páramos andinos del Ecuador. Se fotografiaron granos de polen y estomas con un aumento de 400X y se midió su longitud en micrómetros con el programa ImageJ 1.49v. Para determinar la viabilidad del polen se utilizó una técnica de tinción. Los resultados muestran que existe una correlación positiva que varía de R2=0.32 a R2=0.65 entre las variables empleadas, según la especie, por lo cual sirven para analizar indirectamente la poliploidía. -
Diversidad De Plantas Y Vegetación Del Páramo Andino
Plant diversity and vegetation of the Andean Páramo Diversidad de plantas y vegetación del Páramo Andino By Gwendolyn Peyre A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor from the University of Barcelona and Aarhus University University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, PhD Program Biodiversity Aarhus University, Institute of Bioscience, PhD Program Bioscience Supervisors: Dr. Xavier Font, Dr. Henrik Balslev Tutor: Dr. Xavier Font March, 2015 Aux peuples andins Summary The páramo is a high mountain ecosystem that includes all natural habitats located between the montane treeline and the permanent snowline in the humid northern Andes. Given its recent origin and continental insularity among tropical lowlands, the páramo evolved as a biodiversity hotspot, with a vascular flora of more than 3400 species and high endemism. Moreover, the páramo provides many ecosystem services for human populations, essentially water supply and carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities, mostly agriculture and burning- grazing practices, as well as climate change are major threats for the páramo’s integrity. Consequently, further scientific research and conservation strategies must be oriented towards this unique region. Botanical and ecological knowledge on the páramo is extensive but geographically heterogeneous. Moreover, most research studies and management strategies are carried out at local to national scale and given the vast extension of the páramo, regional studies are also needed. The principal limitation for regional páramo studies is the lack of a substantial source of good quality botanical data covering the entire region and freely accessible. To meet the needs for a regional data source, we created VegPáramo, a floristic and vegetation database containing 3000 vegetation plots sampled with the phytosociological method throughout the páramo region and proceeding from the existing literature and our fieldwork (Chapter 1). -
Three New Caespitose Species of Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from South Peru
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 39:Three 1–17 (2014)new caespitose species of Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from South Peru 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.39.7668 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.phytokeys.com Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Three new caespitose species of Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from South Peru Daniel B. Montesinos Tubée1,2,3 1 Nature Conservation & Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands. Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany Section, National Herba- rium of The Netherlands, Herbarium Vadense. Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Instituto Científico Michael Owen Dillon, Av. Jorge Chávez 610, Cercado, Arequipa, Perú Corresponding author: Daniel B. Montesinos Tubée ([email protected]; [email protected]) Academic editor: A. Sennikov | Received 8 April 2014 | Accepted 3 June 2014 | Published 19 June 2014 Citation: Montesinos Tubée DB (2014) Three new caespitose species of Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) from South Peru. PhytoKeys 39: 1–17. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.39.7668 Abstract Three new species of the genus Senecio (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) belonging to S. ser. Suffruticosi subser. Caespitosi were discovered in the tributaries of the upper Tambo River, Moquegua Department, South Peru. Descriptions, diagnoses and discussions about their distribution, a table with the morphological similarities with other species of Senecio, a distribution map, conservation status assessments, and a key to the caespitose Peruvian species of S. subser. Caespitosi are provided. The new species are Senecio moqueg- uensis Montesinos, sp. nov. (Critically Endangered) which most closely resembles Senecio pucapampaensis Beltrán, Senecio sykorae Montesinos, sp. nov. (Critically Endangered) which most closely resembles Senecio gamolepis Cabrera, and Senecio tassaensis Montesinos, sp. -
Artículo Original
SAGASTEGUIANA 4(2): 73 - 106. 2016 ISSN 2309-5644 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL CATÁLOGO DE ASTERACEAE DE LA REGIÓN LA LIBERTAD, PERÚ CATALOGUE OF THE ASTERACEAE OF LA LIBERTAD REGION, PERU Eric F. Rodríguez Rodríguez1, Elmer Alvítez Izquierdo2, Luis Pollack Velásquez2, Nelly Melgarejo Salas1 & †Abundio Sagástegui Alva1 1Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú. Jr. San Martin 392. Trujillo, PERÚ. [email protected] 2Departamento Académico de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Avda. Juan Pablo II s.n. Trujillo, PERÚ. RESUMEN Se da a conocer un catálogo de 455 especies y 163 géneros de la familia Asteraceae existentes en la región La Libertad, Perú. Se incluyen a 148 taxones endémicos y 24 especies cultivadas. El estudio estuvo basado en la revisión de material depositado en los herbarios: F, HUT y MO, salvo indicación contraria. Las colecciones revisadas son aquellas efectuadas en las diversas expediciones botánicas por personal del herbario HUT a través de su historia (1941-2016). Asimismo, en la determinación taxonómica de especialistas, y en la contrastación con las especies documentadas en estudios oficiales para esta región. El material examinado para cada especie incluye la distribución geográfica según las provincias y altitudes, el nombre vulgar si existiera, el ejemplar tipo solamente del material descrito para la región La Libertad, signado por el nombre y número del colector principal, seguido del acrónimo del herbario donde se encuentra depositado; así como, el estado actual de conservación del taxón sólo en el caso de los endemismos. La información presentada servirá para continuar con estudios taxonómicos, ecológicos y ambientales de estos taxa. -
Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects. -
Taxonomic Notes, Distribution, and Conservation Status of Two Species of Asteraceae Firstly Recorded for Colombia
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 75 (2): e074 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2514 ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected], http://rjb.revistas.csic.es/index.php/rjb Copyright: © 2018 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 4.0 License. Taxonomic notes, distribution, and conservation status of two species of Asteraceae firstly recorded for Colombia Antoni Buira 1,*, Carlos A. Velasco 2 & Joel Calvo 3 1 Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid CSIC, Pza. de Murillo n.º 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain. 2 Herbario Universidad del Cauca-CAUP, Cra 2 n.º 1A-25 Popayán, Colombia. 3 Instituto de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica deValparaíso, Avda. de Brasil 2241, 2362807 Valparaíso, Chile. * Author for correspondence: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7017 2 [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-541X 3 [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-7666 Abstract. As a result of herbarium studies and field work carried out Resumen. Como resultado de la revisión de material de herbario y del by the signing authors, two Asteraceae species are recorded for the first trabajo de campo llevado a cabo por los autores, se citan por primera vez time in Colombia, i.e., Floscaldasia azorelloides Sklenář & H.Rob. (tribe en Colombia dos especies de Asteraceae, i.e., Floscaldasia azorelloides Astereae) and Senecio subinvolucratus Cuatrec. (tribe Senecioneae). Sklenář & H.Rob. (tribu Astereae) y Senecio subinvolucratus Cuatrec. Taxonomic notes, pictures, conservation status, and distribution maps are (tribu Senecioneae). -
Famiglia Asteraceae
Famiglia Asteraceae Classificazione scientifica Dominio: Eucariota (Eukaryota o Eukarya/Eucarioti) Regno: Plantae (Plants/Piante) Sottoregno: Tracheobionta (Vascular plants/Piante vascolari) Superdivisione: Spermatophyta (Seed plants/Piante con semi) Divisione: Magnoliophyta Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal, 1996 (Flowering plants/Piante con fiori) Sottodivisione: Magnoliophytina Frohne & U. Jensen ex Reveal, 1996 Classe: Rosopsida Batsch, 1788 Sottoclasse: Asteridae Takht., 1967 Superordine: Asteranae Takht., 1967 Ordine: Asterales Lindl., 1833 Famiglia: Asteraceae Dumort., 1822 Le Asteraceae Dumortier, 1822, molto conosciute anche come Compositae , sono una vasta famiglia di piante dicotiledoni dell’ordine Asterales . Rappresenta la famiglia di spermatofite con il più elevato numero di specie. Le asteracee sono piante di solito erbacee con infiorescenza che è normalmente un capolino composto di singoli fiori che possono essere tutti tubulosi (es. Conyza ) oppure tutti forniti di una linguetta detta ligula (es. Taraxacum ) o, infine, essere tubulosi al centro e ligulati alla periferia (es. margherita). La famiglia è diffusa in tutto il mondo, ad eccezione dell’Antartide, ed è particolarmente rappresentate nelle regioni aride tropicali e subtropicali ( Artemisia ), nelle regioni mediterranee, nel Messico, nella regione del Capo in Sud-Africa e concorre alla formazione di foreste e praterie dell’Africa, del sud-America e dell’Australia. Le Asteraceae sono una delle famiglie più grandi delle Angiosperme e comprendono piante alimentari, produttrici -
Table 9 Last Updated: 14 November 2018
IUCN Red List version 2018-2: Table 9 Last Updated: 14 November 2018 Table 9: Possibly Extinct and Possibly Extinct in the Wild Species The number of recent extinctions documented by the Extinct (EX) and Extinct in the Wild (EW) categories on The IUCN Red List is likely to be a significant underestimate, even for well-known taxa such as birds. The tags 'Possibly Extinct' and 'Possibly Extinct in the Wild' have therefore been developed to identify those Critically Endangered species that are, on the balance of evidence, likely to be extinct (or extinct in the wild). These species cannot be listed as EX or EW until their extinction can be confirmed (i.e., until adequate surveys have been carried out and have failed to record the species and local or unconfirmed reports have been investigated and discounted). All 'Possibly Extinct' and 'Possibly Extinct in the Wild' species on the current IUCN Red List are listed in the table below, along the year each assessment was carried out and, where available, the date each species was last recorded in the wild. Where the last record is an unconfirmed report, last recorded date is noted as "possibly". Year of Assessment - year the species was first assessed as 'Possibly Extinct' or 'Possibly Extinct in the Wild'; some species may have been reassessed since then but have retained their 'Possibly Extinct' or 'Possibly Extinct in the Wild' status. CR(PE) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), CR(PEW) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild), IUCN Red List Year of Date last recorded -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,216 B2 Espley Et Al
US007973216 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,973,216 B2 Espley et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 5, 2011 (54) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR 6,037,522 A 3/2000 Dong et al. MODULATING PGMENT PRODUCTION IN 6,074,877 A 6/2000 DHalluin et al. 2004.0034.888 A1 2/2004 Liu et al. PLANTS FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Richard Espley, Auckland (NZ); Roger WO WOO1, 59 103 8, 2001 Hellens, Auckland (NZ); Andrew C. WO WO O2/OO894 1, 2002 WO WO O2/O55658 T 2002 Allan, Auckland (NZ) WO WOO3,0843.12 10, 2003 WO WO 2004/096994 11, 2004 (73) Assignee: The New Zealand Institute for Plant WO WO 2005/001050 1, 2005 and food Research Limited, Auckland (NZ) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Bovy et al. (Plant Cell, 14:2509-2526, Published 2002).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Wells (Biochemistry 29:8509-8517, 1990).* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Guo et al. (PNAS, 101: 9205-9210, 2004).* U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. Keskinet al. (Protein Science, 13:1043-1055, 2004).* Thornton et al. (Nature structural Biology, structural genomics (21) Appl. No.: 12/065,251 supplement, Nov. 2000).* Ngo et al., (The Protein Folding Problem and Tertiary Structure (22) PCT Filed: Aug. 30, 2006 Prediction, K. Merz., and S. Le Grand (eds.) pp. 492-495, 1994).* Doerks et al., (TIG, 14:248-250, 1998).* (86). PCT No.: Smith et al. (Nature Biotechnology, 15:1222-1223, 1997).* Bork et al. (TIG, 12:425-427, 1996).* S371 (c)(1), Vom Endt et al.