Design Study of an Innovative System for Remote Control of Home Devices Using DFSS (Design for Six Sigma)

Design study of an innovative system for remote control of home devices using DFSS (Design for Six Sigma)

Dario Calanca:Alma Mater Studiorum, mechanical engineering [email protected] Leonardo Frizziero: Department of Industrial Engineering, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy [email protected] Alfredo Liverani: Design and Methods of Industrial Engineering at the University of Bologna [email protected] Giampiero Donnici: Department of Industrial Engineering, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy [email protected] Abstract The work presented is a case study about the application of the methodology named Design For Six Sigma, which involves the concepts of Benchmarking and QFD analysis, applied to different devices/appliances, without having the target of the creation of a specific final product, but trying to outline a prototype of an innovative domotic house, where every device is connected to the main network and can communicate with the others. Four categories of products were analyzed: robot vacuum cleaner, smart refrigerators, domotic ovens and robot lawnmowers. Today these devices are very smart and technologically advanced but cannot co-operate for the realization of a connected system; which could happen thanks to the increasing use of Google Home and Amazon Alexa devices. In the following pages will be illustrated all the process described above comprehensive of the house project realized on SolidEdge and rendered on KeyShot.

Keywords: benchmarking, QFD, Design For Six Sigma, house of quality, Domotics 1.Introduction In this project, the concepts of benchmarking and QFD analysis of the Design for Six Sigma method were deepened, applying them to different devices / appliances,, without having as objective the realization of a specific final product, but trying to outline an innovative home automation prototype. Design for Six Sigma consists of a design method for the development of new products which aims to improve customer expectations and requests This type of approach involves researching existing products: the goal is to eliminate the defects found in the products on the market, so as to obtain a new, more satisfying and innovative product through the following steps: - DMADV; Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and Validate. - CDDOV; Concept, Define, Design, Optimization and Verification phases. - IDOV; Concept, Design, Optimize, Verify. - IDDOV; Identify, Define, Develop, Optimize, Verify. - RADIOV; Requirements, Architecture, Design, Integration, Optimization, Verification. The basic activities carried out in a Design for Six Sigma approach are as follows: research of customer requests and needs, analysis and classification of these requests, transformation of customer requirements into information necessary for engineering, project development, verification performance and implementation of the necessary processes

1780 Define

Measure

Analyze

Design

Validate/Verify

Design for Six Sigma - DMADV The DMADV approach is the most used in the field of design for Six Sigma and is the one that will be used for analysis. As mentioned above, this approach consists of 5 distinct phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and Validate. Each phase has its objective, at the end of the last phase a project will be achieved in line with the Design for Six Sigma methodology. 1. Define. During the first phase, the information is collected based on the client's requests and needs, detecting the problems that the customer encounters when approaching a specific product already on the market. 2. Measure. In this phase the QFD analysis is carried out to translate the customer's needs into engineering information, in order to obtain those characteristics related to the design that influence or not respect the customer's requests. 3. Analyze. The key characteristics obtained in the second phase are used to conceive the design of the new product. For this purpose, a benchmarking analysis is carried out, which allows to study similar competing models. 4. Design. Depending on the results obtained from the analysis phase, the new product is designed. At this stage, all information obtained from the previous points must be taken into consideration and respected. 5. Validate. In this last phase, the finished product is validated when it confirms the expected results. It is therefore possible to proceed with the creation of prototypes to be tested in order to guarantee that the product actually has the required characteristics.

QFD – Quality Function Deployment: Visual decision making procedure used by multifunctional project teams to develop a unique assessment of customer request and a common consensus on the final technical specifications of the product, avoiding long decision making processese and costly project reviews. The comparison with direct competitors or with primary operators from other sectors is carried out on the basis of the benchmarks, i.e. of reference performance against which to make the comparison and towards which to strive in implementing the change actions.

Architecture of a home automation system There are always three components that make up a home automation system: actuator, control and transmission medium. The actuators are those plant components responsible for the physical execution of a certain action, in technical jargon they are also called outputs. The actuators are identified on the basis of the function performed: - digital actuators - dimmer actuators - roller shutter actuators - analog actuators

1781 The controls represent the intelligent part of the home automation system, there is a subdivision between user- operated control components such as buttons (traditional button interface, inputs on DIN bar, keypads), and automatic control tools such as sensors ( presence, thermal sensors, air quality sensors, humidity sensors etc.). The communication between commands and actuators is however ensured by a transmission medium, or a physical platform where information can circulate. There are three possible transmission media: - a dedicated cable that connects the home automation components to each other - radio waves - the power supply cable

The most common medium is a cable dedicated to data transmission. The home automation system is not an advanced electrical system. It is a new system that is superimposed on the existing ones, such as the electric and the thermo-hydraulic one and a comparison must always be made with the same performance. The relationship between home automation and the electrical system would therefore require a system that did the same things as an electrical system. 1.Define This phase involves the collection of information regarding the customer's requests and needs. You need to get data to rely on to understand what the product requirements should be. To this end, it is useful to use the QFD as a tool to plan each phase by identifying the needs of the products, interviewing a limited number of people. The questions to be answered are the following (tables concerning 2 products): 1 - Robot vacuum cleaner

SIX QUESTIONS FREE ANSWERS WHO uses / buys the product? The product is intended for people from all walks of life. It can be bought by families who do not have time to clean the house thoroughly every day and by owners of animals who lose a lot of hair around the house. WHAT are the uses of the product? The product can be used to clean most of the surface of a home without the supervision of tenants, being programmed to avoid and circumvent obstacles. WHERE is the product used? The product will be used in small, medium and even large size houses / rooms / apartments. WHEN is the product used? The product will be used whether tenants are present in the house or outside. WHY was it chosen? Why could it be chosen? Because it saves time and energy to those who normally have to use the vacuum cleaner to clean the entire home. HOW is the product used? The product will be charged through a normal electrical outlet and used to clean any type of home.

2 – Home automation ovens

SIX QUESTIONS FREE ANSWERS WHO uses / buys the product? The product is intended for people from all walks of life as the costs do not differ much from those of traditional ovens. It can be purchased by users who want to combine the qualities of a good oven with the convenience of control via the app / google home / amazon alexa. WHAT are the uses of the product? The product can be used to cook or heat several dishes simultaneously and to control many functions remotely. WHERE is the product used? The product will be used in any type of home or professional kitchen WHEN is the product used? The product will be used when you want to heat or cook various dishes, also simultaneously with the realization of

1782 other dishes that do not require the use of the oven, to speed up the realization of meals. WHY was it chosen? Why could it be chosen? Because it saves time for people who like to cook multiple dishes for a single meal and to keep consumption, which is notoriously high, under control. HOW is the product used? The product will be used to cook or heat several dishes simultaneously, even remotely.

2.Measure, analyse and design For each home automation product, 4 tables have been created on Excel sheets: • Relatively important matrix in which the main characteristics have been put in row and column. Each row representing a certain characteristic was then compared with the others arranged in the column, assigning a rating of 0 if the characteristic of the row was more important than that represented in the column, equal to 1 if assessed equally important and equal to 2 if less important. By proceeding in this way, the most relevant characteristics were highlighted, namely those whose column had obtained a higher score (given by the sum of the aforementioned evaluations). Then a score was assigned to the characteristic based on the outcome of the evaluation. • Dependency matrix (same construction scheme as the previous one) in which the dependence of a certain characteristic (row) on the others (in column) has been assessed: addiction nothing (0), weak (1), medium (3), strong (9). The total executed in the column indicates which characteristics have the most influence on the others • Table containing the characteristics and technical data of each selected product (benchmarking) (with device image attached). This table will then be used to compile the Top-Flop analysis matrix • Top-Flop analysis: taking up the matrix of the characteristics just compiled, the best (in green) and worst (in red) results are highlighted for each characteristic. For each product, the number of top and flop characteristics was calculated, each multiplied by the score attributed in the matrix of relative importance. Subtracting the weighted flop number from the top weighted number, we highlighted what we could describe as "best product to beat" The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has the function of designing the product / service according to the functions of use expected by the customer. The fundamental elements of the QFD approach are: - the customer is the first business priority, therefore we need to understand exactly what he wants - the company must be proactive to guide and suggest to the client how to satisfy his needs - the involvement of all staff ensures the internalization and assumption of responsibility towards the customer - a correct methodology helps to work together and2 to pursue common objectives

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2.1 Robot vacuum cleaner matrices Robot Vacuum Cleaner data sheet PRODUCTS

FEATURES Whirpool AKZM 8660 IX Gorenje BO799S50X Miele H 6860 BP Bosch Serie 8 HRG6769S6 1 oven capacity 73 L 73 L 76 L 71 L 2 number of functions 16 16 20 (+ Shabbat function) 13 3 maximum temperature - - 300° 300° 4 Home connect No No Yes (MieleHome) Sì 5 interactive display yes yes yes yes 6 pre-set recipes 30 80 >100 - 7 energy rating A+ A+ A+ A 8 controllable via app No No Yes (My@Miele) Yes 9 pyrolytic self-cleaning Yes No Yes Yes cooked at the same 10 time 3 5 5 3 11 price € 500 € 815 € 4.480 € 1.300

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Relative importance matrix

Most important row of the column = 0 SCORE EVALUATION: Row and column with the same importance = 1 >=30 score: 7 Less important row of the column = 2 25-29 score: 6 20-24 score: 5 15-19 score: 4 10-14 score: 3 5-9 score: 2 0-4 score: 1 maximum cleanable surface (in 1 cycle) possibility of interrupting cleaning to recharge / subsequent resumption controllable via app power increase for carpet cleaning stay in the room until end of the cleaning possibility to preclude access certain premises autonomy / battery capacity connection with Smart Home type of filter speed charging time absorbed power noisiness display LED weight height price container capacity FEATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 maximum cleanable surface 1 (with 1 charge) 1 220 0 021102111021 0 possibility of interrupting cleaning to recharge / 2 subsequent resumption 0 100 0 010001000011 0 3 controllable via app 0 210 0 010101000011 0 power increase for carpet 4 cleaning 2 221 2 222212111022 0 stay in the room until the end 5 of the cleaning 2 220 1 121102001022 0 possibility to preclude access 6 to certain premises 2 220 1 121102001021 0 7 autonomy / battery capacity 0 110 0 010001000011 0 8 connection with Smart Home 1 220 1 121202111022 0 9 type of filter 1 210 1 120102000021 0 10 speed 2 221 2 222212122122 1 11 charging time 0 110 0 010001000011 0 12 noisiness 1 221 2 221212112022 1 13 display LED 1 221 2 221202111022 0 14 weight 1 221 1 121202011022 1 15 height 2 222 2 222212222122 2 16 price 0 110 0 010001000011 0 17 container capacity 1 110 0 110101000011 0 18 capacità del contenitore 2 222 2 222212121022 1 TOTAL 19 31 28 9 17 18 30 15 22 5 30 9 12 14 2 30 27 6 SCORE EVALUATION 4 762 4 474527233176 2

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Dependency matrix Dependence zero (0), weak (1), medium (3), strong (9) maximum cleanable surface (in 1 cycle) possibility of interrupting cleaning to recharge / subsequent resumption controllable via app power increase for carpet cleaning stay in the room until end of cleaning possibility to preclude access certain premises autonomy / battery capacity connection with Smart Home type of filter speed charging time noisiness display LED weight height price container capacity FEATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 TOTAL maximum cleanable surface 1 (with 1 charge) 000 0 090003003103 19 cleaning to recharge / 2 subsequent resumption 0 00 0 000000000000 0 3 controllable via app 0 0 0 0 001000000000 1 power increase for carpet 4 cleaning 0 0 0 0 090013900000 22 stay in the room until the end 5 of the cleaning 0 0 0 0 000000000000 0 possibility to preclude access 6 to certain premises 0 0 0 0 0 00000000000 0 7 autonomy / battery capacity 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 3 3 0 0 0 19

8 connection with Smart Home 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 type of filter 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 1 12 11 charging time 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 12 noisiness 0 0090 000030 0 1 0 0 1 14 13 display LED 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 weight 0 0000 00000000 1 0 0 1 15 height 0 000 0 010000000 1 9 11 16 price 3 333 1 3333113311 0 35 17 container capacity 0 000 0 00010000930 13 7 TOTAL 3 3 3 22 1 3 32 4 4 8 8 12 6 26 6 2 14

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The dependency / independence (or cause / effect) matrix also sets the characteristics in row and column, in order to determine how much one depends on the other, or how much one affects the other. A value is attributed to the dependence of the characteristics in row from those in column. A value is attributed to the dependence of the characteristics in row from those in column. The total executed in the column indicates which characteristics have the most influence on the others: in this case it is the autonomy / capacity of the battery The total executed in a row shows the characteristic that most depends on the others: in this case it is the price.

Analisys Top-Flop PRODUCT

FEATURE WEIGHT FEATURES iRobot Roomba 980 Neato Botvac D7 Connected Samsung Powerbot VR9000 Ariete Briciola 2712 LG VR8601RR iRobot Roomba 681 maximum cleanable surface 4 1 (with 1 charge) 180 mq 155 mq - - 150 mq - possibility of interrupting cleaning to recharge / 7 2 subsequent resumption yes yes yes no yes no 6 3 controllable via app yes yes yes no no no power increase for carpet 2 4 cleaning yes (function Carpet Boost) yes no sì no yes stay in the room until the end 4 5 of the cleaning sì (Virtual Wall) yes yes no yes no possibility to preclude access sì (crea una barriera anche 4 6 to certain premises attorno agli oggetti) yes yes no yes yes

7 7 autonomy / battery capacity 120 min 90 min 60 min 90 min 100 min 60 min 4 8 type of filter nosì (with Google Home or Alexa) no no no no 5 9 speed very high efficiency* very high efficiency high efficiency medium efficiency HEPA 11 (heigh efficiency) low efficiency 7 10 charging time 3 hours 3 hours 2 h 40 min 3,5 hours 3 hours 3 hours 3 11 noisiness 70 db 69 db 76 db 67,6 db 60 db 78 db 3 12 display LED no no yes yes no no 1 13 weight 4 kg 3,5 kg 4,8 kg 3 kg 3 kg 3,56 kg 7 14 height 9,14 cm 10 cm 13,5 cm 13 cm 8,9 cm 9,3 cm 6 15 price € 999 € 899 € 599 € 190 € 416 € 313 2 16 container capacity 0,6 L 0,7 L 0,7 L 0,5 L 0,6 L 0,6 L

TOP 8 7 6 4 5 1

FLOP 3 1 6 8 4 9

WEIGHTED TOP 39 30 29 12 22 2

WEIGHTED FLOP 13 3 25 38 15 43

WEIGHTED TOP-FLOP 26 27 4 -26 7 -41 THE PRODUCT WITH THE GREATER WEIGHTED TOP-FLOP SCORE (AND THEREFORE BEAT) IS THE NEATO BOTVAC D7 CONNECTED

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2.2 Home automation ovens matrices Home automation ovens technical sheet PRODUCTS

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Relative importance matrix

Most important row of the column = 0 SCORE EVALUATION: Row and column with the same importance = 15-18 score: 4 1 Less important row of the column = 2 10-14 score: 3 5-9 score: 2 0-4 score: 1 oven capacity number of functions maximun temperature Home connect interactive display pre-set recipes energy rating controllable via app pyrolitic self- cleaning dishes that can be cooked at the same time price FEATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 oven capacity 11222212122 2 number of functions 11011001011 3 maximum temperature 02122112122 4 Home connect 01011001001 5 interactive display 01021102011 6 pre-set recipes 02121101011 7 energy rating 12122212222 8 controllable via app 01010101011 9 pyrolytic self-cleaning 12122202122 dishes that can be cooked at the same 10 time 01021101011 11 price 01011101011 TOTAL 4 15 6 18 14 12 3 16 5 14 15 SCORE 14243314234 EVALUATION

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Dependency matrix Dependence zero (0), weak (1), medium (3), strong (9) oven capacity number of functions maximun temperature Home connect interactive display pre-set recipes energy rating controllable via app pyrolitic self-cleaning dishes that can be cooked at the same time price FEATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TOTAL 1 oven capacity 00000000000 2 number of functions 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 maximum temperature 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 6 4 Home connect 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 5 interactive display 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 6 pre-set recipes 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 10 7 energy rating 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 controllable via app 0 1 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 0 12 9 pyrolytic self-cleaning 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 cooked at the same 10 time 9 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 14 11 price 3 3 3 9 3 1 1 3 1 1 28 TOTAL 17 13 4 20 4 3 2 16 1 6 0

The dependency / independence (or cause / effect) matrix also sets the characteristics in row and column, in order to determine how much one depends on the other, or how much one affects the other. A value is attributed to the dependence of the characteristics in row from those in column. The total executed in the column shows the most dependent characteristics. The one performed in row shows the most independent. A value is attributed to the dependence of the characteristics in row from those in column. The total executed in the column indicates which characteristics have the most influence on the others: in this case it is the "home connect", the capacity of the oven and the possibility of controlling it via the app. The total executed in a row shows the characteristic that most depends on the others: in this case it is the price.

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Top-Flop analysis PRODUCTS

FEATURE WEIGHT FEATURES Whirpool AKZM 8660 IX Gorenje BO799S50X Miele H 6860 BP Bosch Serie 8 HRG6769S6 1 1 oven capacity 73 L 73 L 76 L 71 L 4 2 number of functions 16 16 20 (+Shabbat function) 13 2 3 maximum temperature - - 300° 300° 4 4 Home connect No No Yes (MieleHome) Yes 3 5 interactive display Yes Yes Yes Yes 3 6 pre-set recipes 30 80 >100 - 1 7 energy rating A+ A+ A+ A 4 8 controllable via app No No Sì (My@Miele) Yes 2 9 pyrolytic self-cleaning Yes No Yes Yes dishes that can be cooked 3 10 at the same time 3 5 5 3 4 11 price € 500 € 815 € 4.480 € 1.300 TOP 3 2 9 3 FLOP 4 4 1 5 WEIGHTED TOP 7 4 24 8 WEIGHTED FLOP 13 12 4 12 WEIGHTED TOP-FLOP -6 -8 20 -4

THE PRODUCT WITH THE GREATER WEIGHTED TOP-FLOP SCORE (AND THEREFORE BEAT) IS THE MIELE H 6860 BP

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The QFD was then applied through a graphic approach called house of quality to translate customer needs into technical specifications to create or improve products and services. Attention is paid to the customer's expectations and needs, in an attempt to reduce the possibility that some essential aspect of the expected quality is overlooked in the design process. The expectations gathered are then combined, through the effective representative synthesis of the House of Quality, with specifications, objectives and priorities in a sort of guide for achieving the expected values. A series of tables were brought together in which the information needed from time to time for the development of a new product or service from both the customer and all the entities involved converge. To prepare the house of quality, four excel tables have been created: each row represents a characteristic requested by the customer and each column a technical data. A first part of the graph represents the correlation between the technical characteristics: the + sign represents a positive correlation (for example the maximum surface that can be cleaned with 1 charge increases if the battery autonomy increases), while the - sign identifies a negative correlation (for example the noise of the robot vacuum cleaner increases if its weight increases), if there is no sign it means that there is no correlation between the two technical characteristics. The lower part of the graph relates the characteristics requested by the customer (in row) with the technical specifications (in column), the correlation can be: strong(●), moderate(○), weak( ) or inexistent.

For each characteristic▽ requested by the customer, the maximun relationship is defined, that is the maximum value of the correlations present on the row (strong=9, moderate=3, weak=1, inexistent=0). Customer importance is also highlighted, defined by an evaluation equal to the score described in the relative importance matrix. Finally, the relative weight of that characteristic is calculated (closely related to customer importance). In a table below the columns of the technical characteristics are highlighted the values of these; then express themselves: • The unit of measurement • The characteristic importance (calculated by adding in the column the maximum relationship values of each characteristic requested by the customer multiplied by their characteristic weight) • Relative characteristic importance (obtained by dividing the characteristic importance by the sum of all the characteristic imports) • Relationship with maximum value in the column (score equal to 9.3.1 or 0) • Best present value, ie the best value of that specific technical specification, among all the products examined) • Worst present value (the worst value of the technical specification among all the products examined) • Target value for the new model (I have defined an ideal value for each technical specification, so that my hypothetical product ranks among the best in the benchmarking analysis) • Difficulty (from 0 = easy to carry out to 5 = difficult to carry out): it is an evaluation of the difficulty in realizing a specific .

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2.3 House of Quality Robot vacuum cleaner

Correlation s Positive + Negative − No Correlation

Relation sh ips Strong ● Moderate ○ Weak ▽ −

Direction of Improvement − Maximize ▲ Target ◇ − − Minimize ▼ − − + − −

Column # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Direction of Improvement ▲ ▲ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ◇ Functional Functional Requirements price height weight charge) noisiness

Customer charging time

Requirements capacity container (Explicit and

Implicit) autonomy battery / capacity maximum cleanable surface (with 1 1 (with surface cleanable maximum Row # Chart Weight Importance Customer Maximum Relationship Relative Weight Relative

1 |||||| 13% 6 1 controllable via app ▽ ▽ 2 |||||| 13% 6 3 increased autonomy / battery capacity ▽ ○ ○ 3 ||||||| 15% 7 9 connection with Smart Home improved ● 4 |||||| 13% 6 9 shorter charging time ● 5 ||| 6% 3 3 low noise ▽ ○ ▽ 6 | 2% 1 1 low weight ▽ 7 |||||| 13% 6 3 lower price ○ ○ ▽ ○ ▽ ▽ 8 |||||| 13% 6 9 mapping accuracy ○ ● 9 ||||||| 15% 7 9 lower height ▽ ▽ ○ ●

unit of measure m^2 min min db kg mm € L characteristic importance 106 171 26 39 103 15 322 141 relative importance characteristic 0,115 0,185 0,028 0,042 0,112 0,016 0,349 0,153 relationship with maximum value in 3 9 1 3 3 1 9 9 column best current value 180 120 160 60 3 8,9 190 0,7 worst present value <150 60 210 78 4,8 13,5 999 0,5 target value for the new model 160 100 120 62 3,7 8 499 0,6 difficulty (0 = easy to do; 5 = difficult to 2 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 do) 14

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2.4 House of Quality home automation ovens

Correlation s Positive + Negative − No Correlation

Relation sh ips Strong ● Moderate ○ Weak ▽ − + Direction of Improvement − + Maximize ▲ − Target ◇ − Minimize ▼ −

Column # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Direction of Improvement ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▼ Functional Functional Requirements price

Customer capacity oven rating energy the same time pre-set recipes Requirements number of functions number of (Explicit and temperaturamassima Implicit) several dishes that can be cooked at cooked that be dishes can several Row # Chart Weight Weight Relative Importance Customer Maximum Relationship advanced home connect (Alexa / Google 1 19% 5 3 ||||||||| Home) ▽ ▽ ○ several dishes that can be cooked at 2 12% 3 1 ||||| the same time ▽ 3 ||||| 12% 3 9 multiple pre-set recipes ● ▽ 4 ||||||||| 19% 5 3 lower price ▽ ○ ○ ▽ ▽ ○ 5 ||||||||| 19% 5 9 lower energy absorption ▽ ▽ ● ▽ ▽ 6 ||||||||| 19% 5 3 complete app ○ ▽ ▽

unit of measure L n° °C n° n° €

characteristic importance 38 203 228 38 19 95 119

relative importance characteristic 0,051 0,274 0,308 0,051 0,026 0,128 0,161 relationship with maximum value in 1 9 9 3 1 3 3 column best current value 76 20+ 300 100+ A+ 5 500 worst present value 71 13 <300 <30 A 3 4480 target value for the new model 75 18 300 80 A++ 4 1600 difficulty (0 = easy to do; 5 = difficult to 0 4 3 0 4 5 4 do) 15

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3.Validate 3.1 The energy absorption of home automation devices The issue of energy absorption in a home automation house is crucial not only for the cost of electricity consumption, but for the potential overload due to the simultaneous use of all the devices present in the home. To identify the energy absorption the home automation devices analyzed referred to the data declared by the manufacturers of the following products: - - the iRobot Roomba 980 home automation vacuum cleaner has an energy absorption of 0.067 kWh - - The Samsung RF56N9740SR 550L refrigerator absorbs 1,219 Kw every 24 hours - - The Miele H6860BP home automation oven declares an absorption of 3.7 Kw in total - - The Husqvarna 315X automower consumes on average, at maximum use, 10 Kwh, and the declared energy consumption during cutting is 25W. The total consumption amounts to about 5 Kw (if used simultaneously), which can be considered low in relation to the appliances used. Obviously, consumption will increase by installing the Tesla Wall Connector (the maximum power supply of the wall connector is 22 kW).

3.2 Costs Making your home fully automated increases the value of the property itself (from 5% up to 8% for an investment that is usually 1% the price of the home). In any case, it is necessary to think of the optimal and tailor-made solution for the home, because there are no standard systems suitable for any type of building. The final price depends on various factors, such as the number of systems that you want to manage, the configuration of the electrical system and the level of complexity to make all the different systems interact; clearly, the geometry of the property is also a fundamental aspect, since at least three aspects must be considered, such as the size, the number of rooms and the number of light points and electrical outlets. For example, a basic home automation system, which allows you to control the lights, the heating of each room and the electrical outlets, installed in a house of 4 rooms and 70 square meters, costs approximately 7000 euros, of which 5000 concern the installation of the electrical system only and 2000 for the real home automation control system (considering a property still to be built and which will have a value of around € 200,000). The 2000 euros concern the cost of the components and the configuration of the devices.

3.3 A connected home Smart speakers The most innovative aspect of all these home automation products can only come from the integration with Google Home or Amazon Alexa, which would make the home even more "smart". Google Home - Google Home speakers allow users to pronounce voice commands to interact with services through Google's intelligent personal assistant called Google Assistant. A large number of services, both internal to Google and third parties, are integrated, allowing users to listen to music, control the re-production of videos or photos or receive news updates. Google Home devices also have built-in support for home automation, allowing users to control smart appliances with their voice. Multiple Google Home devices can be placed in different rooms of a house for synchronized music playback. Amazon Alexa

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Amazon Alexa is an intelligent personal assistant developed by the US company Amazon, used for the first time in the Amazon Echo and Amazon Echo Dot devices, developed by the Amazon Lab126 section. Alexa is an artificial intelligence able to interpret natural language and dialogue with humans by providing different types of information and by executing different voice commands. Among the most common functions: play music, manage lists (of shopping or things to do), set reminders and alarms, stream music and podcasts, play audiobooks and provide weather forecasts, traffic information and play other information in time real, like the news. Alexa can also control several smart devices, using itself as a home automation system for managing home automation. The diagram below summarizes the logic of connection between home automation devices / appliances and can be thought of as a design prototype of a home automation house. The "brain" of the system is the Google / Amazon intelligent speaker, which transmits the user desired input to all devices connected to it. Furthermore, some useful connections between devices have been hypothesized: - - Connection between garden sprinkler and robot mower to synchronize operations; - - Connection between lights, shutters and air conditioning, useful for saving electricity and improving the efficiency of space heating / cooling; - - Connection between wi-fi camera, automatic gate and stereo speaker (different from the Google / Amazon smart speaker). In this way it will be possible to monitor all the internal and external environments of the home, the speaker will be able to communicate what the smart camera sees and possibly open / close the home gate; - - Connection between oven, washing machine and dishwasher to monitor and limit the absorption of those appliances that are characterized by higher consumption.

Scheme legend Green line: connection with Google Home / Alexa possible Dotted black line: connection with Google Home / Alexa not currently possible : possible connection between the various devices : possible connection between appliances to monitor and limit absorption

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4. Conclusion The definition of smart home concerns adaptability to the needs of the inhabitants, since home automation devices change their attributes automatically, simply by analyzing what happens inside, but also outside, the building: if for example, the main system observes that every time it rains in winter, the user closes the blinds and raises the boiler temperature, after a certain period of time the home automation system will do it autonomously. The exchange of data between one device and another is a fundamental step forward for the development of home automation. It consists in making the various devices communicate with each other in order to acquire information faster, making them more efficient. Taking into account the case of robot vacuum cleaners, learning the information necessary for mapping the home during use, when you want to replace the appliance with the next (more advanced) version, it will not need to learn house mapping again , since the data relating to it will be transmitted from the old product to the new one. So the goal is to ensure that the evolution of the product is oriented towards simplification of use. The set of all the information transferred daily to each individual house (more or less 2domotized) and the output data of the devices, can be communicated to the parent company, manufacturer of the appliances, thus obtaining vital feedback for the development of new products. / software, for debugging devices on the market and, finally, for planning a marketing strategy. References - Leonardo Frizziero, Alfredo Liverani, Gian Marco Ricciardelli, Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) applied to a new E-segment sedan, 2019 - https://grabcad.com/library - https://www.samsung.com/us/smart-home/ - https://www.lgbusiness.it/ - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - https://store.google.com/it/product/google_home - https://www.amazon.it/alexa/s?k=alexa - https://www.vimar.com/it/it/che-cos-e-la-domotica-13772122.html - https://www.bticino.it/casa-intelligente-domotica-o-wifi - https://www.domotica.it/ - https://www.domoticafull.it/che-cosa-e-domotica/ - https://www.smartdomotica.it/xiaomi-smart-home-domotica - https://www.irobot.it/ - https://www.neatorobotics.com/it/ - https://www.ariete.store/catalog/Aspirazione/Robot-Briciola - https://www.miele.it/ - https://www.tesla.com/it_IT/support/home-charging-installation - https://www.bosch-home.com/it/ - https://www.whirlpool.it/ - https://www.husqvarna.com/us/products/robotic-lawn-mowers/ - https://www.honda.it/lawn-and-garden/products/miimo/overview.html

Biographies Dario Calanca is a student of the mechanical engineering degree, he received the three-year degree in mechanical engineering from the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Bologna in 2019. Leonardo Frizziero is a Senior researcher of the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Bologna for the discipline of Industrial Engineering Design and Methods, Since 2017 he is an Associate Professor of Design and Methods of Industrial Engineering (ING-IND / 15). Previously to the role of university professor, he held important positions of responsibility in some industrial realities. Since January 2020, member of the Teaching Body of the PhD in Mechanics and Advanced Engineering Sciences (DIMSAI). In the academic field, it promotes scientific topics related to Industrial Engineering Design and Methods (2D, 3D CAD, Advanced Design, QFD, TRIZ, DFSS, DFD, DFA, etc.).

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Alfredo Liverani is Full Professor in Design and Methods of Industrial Engineering at the University of Bologna, Italy. In the February 2000 he got PhD degree discussing a final thesis titled “A Virtual Reality system for engineering design”. The main research activities concern Computer Graphics, CAE and Methods for Industrial Engineering, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Live and Constructive Simulation. From October 2002 he is in the current position at University of Bologna.

Giampiero Donnici is Adjunct Professor of the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Bologna and Research Fellow of the Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Mechanics and Materials for the disciplinary scientific sector DRAWING AND METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. The research topics concern Industrial and Mechanical Design, Computer Aided Design, Design Methods.

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