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Home and Garden Bulletin No. 60 )// •T U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE „ COOKING WALL U SURFACE O 1^ FLOOR-TO-CEILING CORNER CABINET

SIT-DOWN FLOUR I SPACE SUGAR"! BINSJ MIX MIX¿R! co^^TEf' —J DRAWERS I I SINK COUNTER SUPPLIESI DOUBLE-BOWL r SINK I I I—¡ COUNTER

VEGETABLEI BINS !

Negative numbers: Cover photo, DN-1219. Plan above, DN-1226. P. 3, DN-1201. P. 4, DN-1217. P. 5, Upper, DN-1225; Lower, DN-1206. P. 6, DN- 1204. P. 7, Left, DN-1202; Right, DN-1222. P. 8, DN-1220. P. 9, DN-1223. P. 10, DN-1212. P. 11, Left, DN-1224; Right, DN-1227. P. 12, DN-1214. \ WITH ENERGY-flvVING FEATURES ~(

j^By Mildred S. Howard, Lenore Sater Thye, and Geneviève K. Tayloe //

This -workroom was de- They have also taken into account signed primarily for older or physi- studies of the space required for cally handicapped farm women who various household activities. must conserve their energy. Its many Storage designs, workspace, and energy-saving features, however, will arrangement of equipment are work equally well for any homemaker. planned so that work can be done In planning this kitchen-workroom, with a minimum of walking and other the designers have applied findings motions. of studies of the energy expended by The overall size of the kitchen- women in performing household tasks. workroom is 17K feet by 18 feet.

TWO MAIN AREAS

The plan fat left) has two main erator allows step-saving access to areas—a kitchen area with dining workroom and dining room. The space for family meals and a work- dining center has eating space for six room area. persons. Kitchen and workroom are sep- The workroom includes, in addition arated by a storage island. On the to the desk and shelves in the island, kitchen side, the island is made up of laundry facilities, -storage pan- a wall , counter, and base try, freezer, cleaning closet, and iron- cabinets. On the workroom side of ing closet. Workroom floor space is the island are a planning desk and adequate for the varied activities shelves. carried on in this area. Small chil- The broken-U arrangement used dren can play safely in the end of the for the kitchen equipment is both workroom near the dining center, efficient and convenient. The break within sight and hearing of the in the U between range and refrig- mother as she works in either area.

ENERGY-SAVING FEATURES To save steps • Space is provided at each work • Pieces of equipment used for re- center for storage of supplies, uten- lated jobs are placed as close together sils, and tools used at that center. as feasible. • Serving cart is planned as part of kitchen equipment. Food can be 1 transferred on the cart from range to on a platform with ball-bearing table in one trip. The cart can also rollers. be used to transfer dishes from table • Trash box under sink has ball- to sink, to move packaged food from bearing casters so that it can be rolled kitchen to freezer, and to hold ironed out for emptying. flatwork. • Perforated hardboard at each work counter provides place to hang often To make reaching easier and re- used tools and utensils. duce lifting of heavy objects Other energy savers • Supplies and utensils most fre- • Provision for sitting at work. At quently used are stored between 28 both mix counter and sink, under- and 64 inches from the floor, where a counter knee space is provided so that woman of average height can reach the homemaker can sit comfortably. them without stooping or stretching. An adjustable posture chair is planned Refrigerator shelves are also within as part of the kitchen equipment. these heights. • A minimum of pulling and push- • The electric wall oven is placed so ing of doors and drawers. Dish that the bottom of the interior is 32 cabinet has accordion-type door, inches from the floor; the most-used which can be left open without being rack positions are between 35 and 40 in the way. Door of the circular inches. If a gas oven had been used supply cupboard is attached to shelves in this kitchen it would have been and revolves with them. Drawers placed 34 inches from the floor. With and sliding shelves can be pulled the oven at this height the broiler easily even when heavily loaded rack is about 28 inches from the floor because they are on nylon rollers. and the lowest oven rack position • Counters, dining table, and serv- about 37 inches. ing cart are covered with easy-to- • Placed at coimter level are: Bins clean laminated . for flour, sugar, potatoes, and onions • Electric outlets are provided at and compartments for sink supplies each work center and at the dish and . The mixer moves readily cabinet. LIGHT AND AIR Two large windows—a broad win- to provide good light at mealtimes or dow over the sink and the counters on for studying or sewing. The light either side and a picture window in fixture at the planning desk can be the dining center—provide adequate adjusted as necessary. daylight and ventilation. A ventilating is located in the All work areas are well lighted by ceiling over the range; however, a fluorescent ceiling fixtures, which are ventilating hood could well be in- placed so that there are no shadows stalled here instead. There is space on the counters. The dining table is for a room air conditioner above the lighted with an incandescent ceiling dish-storage cabinet in the dining fixture that can be adjusted in height center. i ;

MIX CENTER The counter to the right of the sink Small tools used at this counter are is planned for mixing jobs. There is stored either on the perforated hard- knee space under the right part of the board to the right or in drawers in the counter so the homemaker can sit to base cabinet. work. The adjustable posture chair All other supplies and baking pans used here and at the sink is stored used at this center are in the revolving under this counter. corner cabinet. Shelves in this cab- Whether the homemaker sits or inet are sized and spaced so that every- stands to work she caa reach all sup- thing stored here can be seen easily. plies, tools, and utensils needed for Only large kettles that are not used mixing jobs without stooping or often are stored on the bottom shelf. stretching. A pullout board may be placed in Bins for flour and sugar are at the one of three positions under the mix back of the counter. Holders for wax counter to provide a lower surface for paper and aluminum foil are built in some mixing jobs. With the board above the bins. placed in its lowest position the home- To the left of the bins is a storage maker can sit here to work in a com- compartment for the mixer. The fortable straight chair. The board in door to this compartment folds back the lowest position also makes a con- out of the way when it is open. An venient working surface for children electric outlet is located on the left and a handy table for serving them wall of the compartment. snacks. SINK CENTER

The sink center consists of a double- leaves sufficient knee space under- bowl sink, counter at the left with neath. The adjustable posture chair dishwasher below, storage compart- can easily be rolled to the sink from ments at counter level, and trash bin its storage space under the mix beneath the right sink bowl. counter. This center is located so that it is convenient and energy saving for the Food Preparation two main activities carried on here— By doing at one time all food-prep- food preparation and dishwashing. aration jobs that are best done at the The left counter, which is used also sink, the homemaker can sit for long for serving, is convenient to the din- enough periods to justify positioning ing center; the drawers below are a the adjustable posture chair. Onions part of the storage for that center. and potatoes are stored in ventilated The homemaker can sit to work at bins at the back of the left counter- the left sink bowl. This bowl is only Saucepans used for cooking vege- 31/2 inches deep and has the drain set tables are hung on perforated hard- back of center, an arrangement that board at the left of the counter. Everything else needed for food- preparation jobs done at the sink are at the homemaker's fingertips as she sits at the left sink bowl. Vegetable trimmings can go immediately into the disposer in the left sink bowl. Cartons, wrappings, and other trash can be thrown into the chute under the right sink bowl. Can opener and paper towels are in a compartment at counter level back of the sink. Knives are in a rack at the right of this compartment. The trash container, which is a deep drawer at the bottom of the base cabinet under the right sink bowl, is mounted on ball-bearing casters so that it can be rolled out for emptying. It has a removable metal liner. If the house has a basement the trash chute can connect with a container there.

Dishwashing The dishwasher is directly to the left of the sink, convenient to the dish- storage cabinet and the table. Soiled dishes from the table can be stacked on the serving cart and wheeled to the sink in one trip. Uten- sils to be washed can be placed on the counters near the sink. Then, with everything within easy reach, the homemaker can sit com- fortably at the left sink bowl to scrape and rinse dishes, to load the dish- washer, and to wash any utensils, large platters, and electrical appli. anees that cannot be put into the dishwasher. Soap and other dish- washing supplies are in the sliding- door cabinet at the back of the sink. The clean dishes can be taken from the dishwasher and put into the dish- storage cabinet with a minimum of motion. *-4

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REFRIGERATOR CENTER The three-door wall refrigerator- tion of drawers for refrigerator dishes freezer is in a central location con- and kitchen linens, and a section at venient to the other kitchen centers. the right for pullout towel rods. Tt is placed so that the top shelf is The counter serves as a holding about 62 inches from the floor. A space for items that are being taken woman of average height can use it out of or put into the refrigerator. or clean it easily. An alternate arrangement with a Between the refrigerator and the conventional refrigerator has also base cabinet that extends the width been planned for this center. In this of the refrigerator is a sliding-door arrangement the refrigerator is placed cabinet 10 inches high and 12 inches at the right and a five-drawer base deep. This cabinet stores extra serv- cabinet for kitchen linens at the left. ing dishes, electrical apphances, and Over the base cabinet a wall cabinet cartons of soft drinks. or open shelves are provided for The base cabinet, 32 inches high, storage of refrigerator dishes. The has storage space at the left for the serving cart is stored under the sur- drop-leaf serving cart, a center sec- face cooking top. RANGE CENTER The range center, to the right of The lowest rack position is 35 inches the corner storage cabinet, is only a from the floor, in line with the surface few steps from the mix counter. cooking top. The surface cooking top is 54 inches Utensils used daily are hung on the wide and 35 inches from the floor. perforated hardboard at each end of Its four units are placed so that it is the cooking top. Other utensils, pot- not necessary to reach over the front holders, and tools arc stored in the ones when using those at the back. drawers and on pullout shelves under This safety feature is particularly de- the cooking top. Broiler pans and sirable for physically handicapped other oven accessories are stored in homemakers. There is ample room drawers under the oven. There is around each unit to allow for the use space in these drawers also for paper of large kettles. sacks and tall beverage bottles. Directly to the right of the surface Serving dishes are stored in the cooking top is the wall oven. It is part of the cabinet above the oven built in so that the most-used rack that opens from the front. The back positions are at heights that a woman part of this cabinet, which opens at of average height can reach with a the side, provides space for extra- minimum expenditure of energy. large platters and trays.

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DINING CENTER

A picture window (not shown) in open and out of the way during table the dining center helps to make this setting, meal service, and cleanup. a pleasant place for meals. China and glassware are stored on The combination dish-storage cab- the adjustable shelves in the top part inet and serve center has an accor- of the cabinet. Lightweight, easy-to- dion-fold door that can be opened grasp packages of ready-to-eat cereal with a single motion. It can be left are stored on the top shelf. 8 arranging desserts. The two metal- lined drawers beneath this counter store bread, cake, and cookies. By using the serve center and the serving cart the homemaker can elim- inate many of the steps and motions that are ordinarily needed for serving a meal. The serving cart, with its leaves up, can be loaded with hot food, salads, and desserts at the range and refrigerator—then brought to the table. During the meal, soiled dishes can r^ be stacked on the cart. Dessert can be served from the cart or from the serving counter. The , , and other small appliances can be pulled out and used on the shelf on which they are stored. A swivel chair for the hostess is a , makes it easier for her to turn to the serve center and back I to the table. LAUNDRY CENTER The laundry center is conveniently near the kitchen work centers so that the homemaker busy with the laundry can easily keep track of kitchen activ- ities. A washer-dryer, sink and counter, and shelves make up this compact center. The washer-dryer is mounted on a platform that brings the opening to a height the homemaker can reach without stooping. Clothes to be drip- The base part of the cabinet has a dried indoors can be hung from a rod serving counter, drawers for silver, on the ceiling above the sink. pullout shelves for table linen, and a The sink is also a handy place for pullout shelf for small table appli- arranging flowers or for children and ances. Convenience outlets for ap- men to wash their hands when they pliances are inside the cabinet. come in from out of doors. The left sink counter, immediately Shelves hold laundry supplies and to the right of the dish-storage cab- vases. Basswood folding doors screen inet, is used for making salads and the area when it is not in use. PLANNING CENTER A drop-down desk, shelves, and phone, radio, cookbooks, books for comfortable chair make up the plan- household records, and other similar ning center. The adjustable shelves items. Some of the lower shelves can can be arranged to accommodate tele- be used for children's toys and books. 1

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WORKROOM STORAGE Food Panfry Freezer The food pantry to the left of the The freezer is to the right of the laundry center provides storage for laundry center. prepared for canned goods, freezing and canning freezing in the kitchen can be quickly supphes and equipment, and extra and easily moved to the freezer on household supplies. the serving cart. Nine rows of canned food may be stored on shelves on the closet door. Cleaning and Ironing Closets Each shelf is 5 inches deep and is tilted There are two closets side by side in up slightly at the front. A heavy the corner of the workroom near the caster helps support the weight of the outside door—one for cleaning sup- loaded door. plies and equipment, the other for n v

ironing board and ironing supplies. be adjusted so that the homemaker Small items may be hung within easy can sit down to iron. A wall bracket reach on the closet interiors of perfo. can be mounted nearby so that she rated hardboard. can hang ironed clothing on it without There is enough floor space at this getting up from her chair. Flatwork end of the workroom to set up the can be placed on the desk, on shelves ironing board. The board shown can of the planning center, or on the cart. 12 Working Drawings

Detailed working drawings of this kitchen-workroom, which your local carpenter or cabinetmaker can follow easily, are available from the exten- sion agricultural engineer at most State agricultural colleges. In some States, county extension agents will place your order. In many of the States there is a nominal charge for the drawings. If working drawings are not avail- able in your State, write to the Cloth- ing and Housing Research Division, Institute of Home Economics, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. This office does not distribute drawings, but will direct you to a State that does distribute them.

Clothing and Housing Research Division ^agricultural Research Service

Washington, D. C. Issued November 1958

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 10 cents