International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 5, 2017 Available online at www.ijiere.com International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering e-ISSN: 2394 – 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 – 5494

Design and analysis of compressorless

Akshay Jadhava, Noopura Dekhanea Shubham Hinganea , Dhanraj Doiphodea, Dr Chandrakant Prabhune b aResearch Scholars ,Zeal college of engineering &Research ,Savitribai Phule Pune University ,India. bProfessor , Zeal college of engineering &Research ,Savitribai Phule Pune University ,India. [email protected] ,[email protected] ,[email protected] , [email protected] ,[email protected].

ABSTRACT: The paper presents an evaporative system which works on the evaporative cooling concept. plays an important role in the refrigeration cycle. Here we used water as working fluid which is cheap and easily available as compared to other . A cylindrical meshed box filled with silica gel act as an adsorbent. The main objective of the project is to develop a refrigerator which works mainly on the concept of evaporative cooling. In this project we tried to minimize the temperature of inside chamber which can be used for storing purpose. Also we made the system more economical by eliminating the use of and electricity as compared to other conventional . Keywords: Evaporative cooling, silica gel, relative humidity, Psychrometry.

I. INTRODUCTION Evaporative cooling is a physical phenomenon in which evaporation of a liquid, typically into surrounding air, cools an object or a liquid in contact with it. Evaporative cooling occurs when air, that is not too humid, passes over a wet surface; the faster the rate of evaporation the greater the cooling. Evaporative cooling effect is provided by the adiabatic evaporation of water. Water used as a coolant and also as the working substance that can meet many needs in both residential and commercial applications. It can work more effectively in hot and dry climates and provides 100% fresh and cooled air to the space. In this , heat is removed due to forced convective process. The most familiar example of this is cooling effect of evaporating perspiration on the human skin. In hot climates body temperature is partially controlled by the rapid evaporation of perspiration from the surface of the skin. In hot climates with high atmospheric moisture, the cooling effect is less because the high moisture contents present in the surrounding air. In both situations, high humid and hot and dry climate condition, however, the evaporation rate is raised as air movement is increased. Both of these facts can be applied to natural cooling of structures.[5] Evaporative cooling is an environment friendly technology. This technology has a very simple function to operate. Evaporative cooling is a psychrometric process. Psychometry is the study of moist air and the changes in its conditions. The psychometric chart graphically represents the relationship between air temperature and moisture content and is a basic design tool for mechanical engineers and designers. Psychrometry is the study, how to change air-water mixture, from one condition to another. Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid substance into the gaseous state. When water evaporates from the surface of something, that surface becomes much because it requires heat to change the liquid into a vapour.[5] Evaporative cooling in refrigeration is an old idea but due to its dependency on outside environment (relative humidity, dry bulb temperature) it is limited to certain parts of world. There are 2 types of evaporative cooling- direct and indirect evaporative cooling. Direct evaporative cooling (DEC) is based on mechanical and thermal contact between air and water, while indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) is based on heat and mass transfer between two streams of air, separated by a heat transfer surface with a dry side where only air is cooling and a wet side where both air and water are cooling. So this project is intended at the development of compressor free mini fridge. This project eliminates the use of in refrigerators that reduces noise and energy usage.[7]

II. LITERATURE REVIEW Amir Sharafian tells about Silica gel bound with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a new composite adsorbent with promising uptake rate designed for adsorption cooling systems. In this study, the thermal conductivity of silica gel-PVP and its thermal contact resistance (TCR) with a metallic substrate are measured using the guarded-hot plate apparatus under vacuum pressure. And thermal conductivity, contact resistance of mesoporous silica gel adsorbents bound with polyvinylpyrrolidone in contact with a metallic substrate for adsorption cooling system applications.[1]

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International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 5, 2017 Bogdan Porumb presents actual knowledge concerning the indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). This cooling technology is promising to develop in the near future due to its very low energy consumption and high efficiency in its range of applications. The IEC equipment and technology is suitable in different air conditioning applications: commercial, industrial, residential or data centres. The IEC technology is completely environmental friendly and has very low global warming impact. The single disadvantage of IEC is the water consumption.[2] Deling Xiao designed a new air conditioner with water evaporating-cooling , based on the demand of home air conditioner. The operation mechanism, structure and design procedure is introduced in this paper, and after a series of measurement, concluded that the air conditioner with water evaporating-cooling humidifier can improve the humidification and maintain the original performance of air conditioner.[3] C. VIGNESWARAN gives the relationship between fabric properties and thermal conductivity of various jute/cotton blended knitted fabrics has been studied. The experimental result shows that lower thermal conductivity noticed at higher jute blend proportions. The thermal conductivity reduces with increasing fabric thickness. It also reveals that fabric air permeability and tightness factor values influences the thermal conductivity of jute/cotton blended knitted fabrics.[4] Rajesh Maurya represents working principles, and performance of evaporative cooling technology under broad range of operating conditions. The effectiveness of evaporative cooling in different application can be discussed in this paper and benefits in terms of power consumption, cost savings and environmental impacts, specifically for the facility required to support conventional air-conditioning and the facility required to support space cooled via evaporative cooling. This paper also discusses desiccant assisted evaporative cooling and heat and mass transfer analysis.[5] J.T Liberty reviews the theory, advances, principles, methods of evaporative cooling, and also the optimum storage temperature, relative humidity and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. An reduces the storage temperature and also increases the relative humidity within the optimum level of the storage thereby keeping the fruits and vegetables fresh. It can be use for short term preservation after harvested. Thus, an evaporative cooling is a low cost technology for storage of fruits and vegetables. The Technology of evaporative cooling is cost effective and could be used to prolong the shelf-life of agricultural products.[6] O. Amer review covers direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling systems. The indirect evaporative include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of high thermal performance. The dew point evaporative coolers have shown great potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and low energy use.[7]

III. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP The setup consist of three parts. Inner part is cylindrical one made by copper plate surrounded by Jute and it is enclosed by aluminium mesh. The jute is kept wet by supplying the water from earthen pot in the form of water droplets. Outside this silica gel is placed in the pocket formed by two cylindrical aluminium wire mesh which is surrounding the inner part. To avoid the direct contact of water with silica gel the gap is maintained as shown in the figure. After dripping the water in the evaporative media, moisture in evaporative media (jute) gets evaporated and it absorbed by silica gel. Thus it gives cooling effect in the inner part of the system. The rate at which water evaporates depends on relative humidity and this is maintained low using silica gel in next layer. When silica gel exposed to sunlight it gives out water content thus regenerating itself and this process continues.

IV. SPECIFICATIONS

 Height of Setup= 420 mm.  Height of Cooling chamber= 400 mm.  Diameter of Cooling Chamber= 250 mm.  Thickness of Evaporative Medium= 30 mm.  Inner diameter of aluminium mesh= 310 mm.  Air Gap Thickness= 10 mm.  Thickness of Silica Gel= 20 mm.  Outer diameter of aluminium mesh= 360 mm.  Evaporating medium- Jute.  Earthen pot Capacity= 5 lit.  Silica gel= 5kg

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International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 5, 2017 FIGURES

FIG.1 LINE DIAGRAM

FIG.2 ACTUAL EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

V. TESTING PROCEDURE 1. Open the tap and supply the water to the evaporative media through the pipes in the form of drips. 2. Wait until the evaporative media gets completely wet. (approx 20 minutes). 3. Put the stuffs in the cooling chamber. 4. Now, close the assembly with the help of insulating material. 5. Take the results after 2 hours with the help of digital .

IV. OBSERVATIONS Day Time Inside temp. Outside temp. Water temp. Temp.Difference (T1) (T2) (Tw) ∆푻 Morning (9am- 24.2 29.9 27.2 5.7 11am) 1 Afternoon (1pm- 28.1 37.6 29.5 9.5 3pm) Evening (5pm-6pm) 25.4 28.5 26.3 3.1

Morning (9am- 21.4 30.6 26.5 9.2 11am) 2 Afternoon (1pm- 20.9 32.6 25.6 11.7 3pm) Evening (5pm-6pm) 22.1 29.5 24.2 7.4

Morning (9am- 21.5 30.8 27.9 9.3 11am) 3 Afternoon (1pm- 21.1 32.9 24.1 11.4 3pm) Evening (5pm-6pm) 22.3 29.8 25.2 7.5

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International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 4, Issue 5, 2017 V. RESUTS AND CONCLUSION The aim of this paper was to get the cooling effect without using electricity and compressor in the refrigerator. We took the results for 3 days and got the result with maximum temperature difference of 11.7℃. Hence, this compressorless refrigerator can be used for storing the vegetables and fruits.

VI. REFERENCES [1] Amir Sharafian, Khorshid Fayazmanesh, Claire Mc Cague , Majid Bahrami ‘Thermal conductivity and contact resistance of mesoporous silica gel adsorbents bound with polyvinyl pyrrolidone in contact with a metallic substrate for adsorption cooling system applications’.published by International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 79 (2014) 64–71. [2] Bogdan Porumba, Paula Ungureşana, Lucian Fechete Tutunarua, Alexandru Şerbanb, Mugur Bălana ‘A review of indirect evaporative cooling technology’published by science direct,November 2015. [3] Deling Xiao, Qi Yuan ‘The Research of Water Evaporating-cooling Humidifier’s Application In Air conditioner’ in International refrigeration and air conditioning conference in 2010. [4] C. VIGNESWARAN, AND K. CHANDRASEKARAN, P. SENTHILKUMAR ‘Effect of Thermal Conductivity Behavior of Jute/Cotton Blended Knitted Fabrics’ in JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, Vol. 38, No. 4—April 2009. [5] Rajesh Maurya, Dr. Nitin Shrivastav, Vipin Shrivastava ‘Performance and analysis of an evaporative cooling system:a reiview’ by International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2014. [6] J.T Liberty, W.I Okonkwo and E.A Echiegu ‘Evaporative cooling:A postharvest technology for fruits and vegetables preservation’ by International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013. [7] O. Amer, R. Boukhanouf, and H. G. Ibrahim-‘A Review of Evaporative Cooling ’.(International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2015).

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