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Sustainable Forest Management of Natura 2000 Sites: a Case Study from a Private Forest in the Romanian Southern Carpathians

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Sustainable Forest Management of Natura 2000 Sites: a Case Study from a Private Forest in the Romanian Southern Carpathians Ann. For. Res. 56(1): 217-245, 2013 ANNALS OF FOREST RESEARCH www.e-afr.org Sustainable forest management of Natura 2000 sites: a case study from a private forest in the Romanian Southern Carpathians H. Walentowski, E.D. Schulze, M. Teodosiu, O. Bouriaud, A. von Heßberg, H. Bußler, L. Baldauf, I. Schulze, J. Wäldchen, R. Böcker, S. Herzog, W. Schulze Walentowski H., Schulze E.D., Teodosiu M., Bouriaud O., von Heßberg A., Bußler H., Baldauf L., Schulze I., Wäldchen J., Böcker R., Herzog S., Schulze W., 2013. ���������� ���������� ���������������� ���� ����������������� 2000 �������� � ��� ���� �������� � p��v�� ����� �� �h R������� ����h�� C��p��h����.. ���. �������. R��. ���1� 217� 24�, 2013. Abstract. Biodiversity and forest management are analyzed for � �00 h� privately owned forest within the Natura 2000 area “ROSCI0122 Munţii Făgăraş”. Habitat types and indicator species are identified to measure en� vironmental quality. Working towards an integrated �pproach to conserv�� tion, � range of �ptions �hat will result in sustainable forest management are �hen considered. For beech forests ligh� heterogeneity emerges as � crucial management target to ensure tree �pecies richness and structural diversity as � basis for saving indicator �pecies such as Morimus funereus, Cucujus cin- naberinus, Bolitophagus reticulatus and Xestobium austriacum. For �pruce forests �hinning �ver � broad range of diameters and maintenance of veteran trees would provide habitats for indicator �pecies such as Olisthaerus sub- striatus. Th p�pulations of � number of bird �pecies would be increased by strip�harvesting slopes: �pecies such as Tetrao urogallus, Bonasia bonasia and Ficedula parva prefer forest margins. Steep slopes, and �h areas around �prings and watercourses, as well as rock faces, �hould remain unmanaged. Future management �hould start with � grid-based inventory to create an objectiv database of forest structure and life. An xample is presented for high-elevation �pruce forest. Th inventory �hould quantify �h variations in diameter, heigh� and volume of trees per unit area. Such data would al� low �h advanced planning of forest �perations. W discuss � wide range of administrativ and organizational �hanges; �hanges �hat are needed for �h sustainable forest management of �h vast close-to-natural forests of �h Munţii Făgăraş, the maintenance of the Nardus grasslands and �h protection of wetland vegetation around �prings and streams in �his Natura 2000-area. Keywords Natura 2000, Integrated Forest Management, Fagus, Picea, R�� mania, Făgăraş, Boişoara. Authors. H. Walentowski, H. Bußler - Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans- C����v.�C����w��z�P���z 1, 8�3�4 �������, G����; E.D. ��h��z, I. ��h��z, J. Wä���h� � M�x�P����k I������� ��� B�����h�����, PO B�x 1001�4, 07701 J��, G����; M. T������, O. B������� � ����� R����h ��� M������� I�� 217 Ann. For. Res. 56(1): 217-245, 2013 Research article ������, C��� B���v��� 73�, 72�100 Câ�p����� M����v���, R��â���; �. v�� Heßberg - Theta 28, 95463 Bindlach; L. Baldauf - Görmer & Baldauf GmbH, Am Kirchberg 6a, Burkersdorf, 07570 Harth-Pöllnitz, Germany; R. Böcker - University of Hohenheim, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Germany; S. Herzog - Dr. Ion Ratiu 9, 550012 Sibiu/Hermannstadt, România; W. Schulze - University of Hohenheim, Dept. of Plant Systems Biology, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Manuscript received November 02, 2012; revised November 09, 2012; accepted March 08, 2013; online first March 20, 2013. Introduction h�w �����v���� �� ����� ������� ��� � ��������� �� p������ �� ��������� xp������ ������ p��v�� � ��v�� ��x��� �� �v����� ����. ����� ��v���. B��� �h�� h��������� ��� �� Th ���� �p���� h� h�� �h ��j���v �� w��� ��pp�, ��������� �������� �� ��w p��� x������� �h ��v���� ��� �������� �� � ���� �� �h ��������� �� �����v���� ��� ������ ��� ����� ���, ��� �� �������h��� �h ������� ���v����, p�������� �� w��� �������, ��� ������ �� ����� �������� �� �h p�������� ��������. Th ��k��w������ �� �h� ��� �� ����� ��� w��� �������, ��� �h h������� �� �������� ��v��� �q���� � ��v�������� �� p������ p����� ��� �������. W ��������� ����� ��������, wh��h ���� ��w ������ h�w � ��������� ��v���� �pp����h ����� � �h ����� �� �h ��������� ������� �h ������ w��� ��� �� �����h �h ����� ���p������� ���� ��������� �� ����� �W�pp� � ��. 2013�. ��� ��������� p�������. Th ������ �� �h�� E�������h��� ���� ��� ���������� �������� �����h ����� �h� � ��� �� ���w �p ���� ��� ����� �������� �� � �h����� ��� ���� p������ ����� �������� p����. ��� ��� ����� �����v����� organiz������ ������ �h E���p�� U���� �MCPMCP�������E 2003��. M���v�, �h� �� ������� differences �� �h Characteristics of Boişoara forest urgency and ecological significance of such ����. Th 2007 enlargement �� �h E���p�� Site location and Natura 2000 area U���� �� ������ B������� ��� R������ h�� �� q���� ��� �������� �� � ��� �� �h EU The study-site is the Boişoara forest, that is ����� �����v����� ���������� – �h “B���� owned and managed by the Boişoara Forest Directive” (2009/147/EC) and the “Habitats Enterprise. The forest is located in �����������the FăgăraşFăgăraş Directive” (92/43/EEC). In Bulgaria and in M��������, �h�� �� �� �h ����hh���� ��w ���� �h R������, � ��j�� ������� h����� �B���L�� Carpathian Mountains, Boişoara forest (Fig� European Forest Task Force 2009) is con� �� 1� �����h� ������ M� C������� ��w� ������ � large w��� �������, �����v� �h R�v� B��� M�� �� �h w�� ��� �h R�v� ��w p��p�� p���� ��� p����� �� xp���� �h T�p���� �� �h ���. Th ����� ����� ��w� ��������� ������� �� �h �����. Th�� ��� 790 and 1715 m a.s.l. (above sea level). ��� �� urgent �� �� �v��p ����p������ The Boişoara forest is part of the Natura ����� ��������, wh��h ������� �h E�� 2000 ��� �� �h R������� ��� �� C������� ��p�� p������ �� ��������� ��������� ���� Importance, “ROSCI0122: Munţii Făgăraş“. �� �������� w��h ����� �����v�����. O� The area of ROSCI Munţii Făgăraş is 198,512 ���� �� ��h�v��� �h�� ���� w���� � ��� �h h� ��� ����� �� ������� ���� 3�0 � �� 2�00 ������������ ��������� �������� �� ����� � �.�.�. �� 24°44’E ��� 4�°31’� ������ 1�. ���h ����v���v p���� p��j��� ��� ��������� According to the biogeographic classifica� tion of Europe the ������������������������Făgăraş����������������� M�������� ����� 218 Walentowski et al. Sustainable forest management of Natura 2000 sites ... Sibiu UKRAINE Natura 2000 d re l i n ă g ă r a ș M . C M u n ţ i i F Brașov E M . Lort p a ţ i i M e r i d i o a C a r u n a t i l i i s u i ţ i l ţi n g t u n u e Boisoara M r g e Ie z e M u C r B HUNGAR Y n C M u n ţ i i a ă p n i i r ă ţ â p 20 km Cluj-Napoca a Râmnicu Vâlcea t h A i a ROMANIA n Arad M t s Sibiu Brașov . MOLDOVUKRAINE S o u r n C t h e . arpathian Mts Bucharest ia Câinenii Mici Bo M V. Leul 315 m a re SERBIA Vf. Caligaru 1715 m T o p o lo g el BUL GARIA Boisoara 100 km 2 km Figure 1 Geographic map of the study area: Southern Carpathian Mountains (up right) and Boişoara ����� ������� ���h�� Table 1 Elevation zones of the southern Carpathian Mountains (Mayer 1984, Coldea 2004) ���x T�p� ��h������ ������ E�v����� ����� Lv� Z�� Z���� v������� �p T� �p��� �������� �� �.�.�.� �v��� Habitats ���� �0C� D�����v pediment ��w� ������ E����������� ��pp�� 91I0x Quercus, Acer, Tilia, 200��00 >9-10.5 < ��0 w���� w��h Quercus spp. Sorbus ������ �� D����� ��k�h����� Carpinus, Quercus, ����� 91YO �00�700 8-9 ��0�800 ��������� ������ Tilia, �pp� ��������� w�����h ������ 91VO Fagus, Carpinus 700-900 7�8 montane ��w� ��w� ������ ���� ��h ������ Fagus 900-1100 ��7 ����� ��������� ��x� �������� ������ 91V0, 9110 Fagus,Abies,Picea 1100�1300 ��� 800�1100 �pp� �pp� ������ ��x� �������� ������ Picea,Abies,Fagus 1300�1�00 4�� subalpine ��w� ��w� �����p�� �p��� ������ 9410 Picea 1�00�1800 2.��4 1100�1200 �pp� �pp� �����p�� k����h��z 40�0, 4070 Pinus mugo 1800�2300 0�2.� crest p�k ��p�� �������p�� �1�0 2300�2�00 �1 �0 1200�1400 ������ v������� �����������,����, ���k�,���w ���� 219 Ann. For. Res. 56(1): 217-245, 2013 Research article to the “Alpine Region” (EEA 2012). TheseTh� ��� �� ����� ��� h��h����, ��� �h�� �� ��� ��� mountains are of biogeographic significance ��� ���������� �T��� 2, �pp���x�. B�h ��� �� p������� ����� ��� �� � ���k ��w� �p��� ������ ��v� ����� 70% �� �h ���. different biogeographic regions. The flora and “Priority” habitats (in danger of disappearing fauna of the Boişoara forest are typical of this �� E���p�� �v�� �� h�v ��� �h�� 10% �����. C��p��h�������� ���������� �pp������, ������ �h �� ����� ��v�, ��� ���v p��������� �������� C��p��h����B��k�� ��� ��p�����C�C��p��h�������� ��� �T��� 3, �pp���x�. Nardus ���������� �� ments are biogeographically significant and of p���������� ��p������, w��h ��� �h�� 1�% �� ��p������ �� �����v�����. ��������� �� �� �h�� h������ �p �� R������ ���� ������ �� cent analyses of the flora (Stancu 2010,�������Vintil ă ROSCI Munţii Făgăraş. 2012) the territory belongs to the Holarctic ROSCI Munţii Făgăraş contains a very rich �����, �h E���������� ��������, �h C�� fauna and flora (EEA 2006), see Table 2 which �����E���p�� ������, �h E������C��p��h��� is focused on the Annex II-species of the Habi� D����� p��v���, �h ����h�� C��p��h��� ���� ���� D�����v ����� �� �h ��p���v ������ cumscription, and the ����������������������Făgăraş��������������� M�������� ���� 2000 �������� ���� ����. P�������� �pp������ �������� trict (����������������������Borza & Boşcaiu������� 1965). follow the Romanian flora (Ciocârlan 2009). The Făgăraş Mountains comprise a vast and ������ �p��� ��� p���� �������� ���� ��h��� �������� �������p �� ������
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