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Pottery and Porcelain Factories of China

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Pottery and Porcelain F actories of China TH EIR GEOGR APH ICA L DISTRIB UTION AN D PERIODS OF ACTI( ITY B Y RI A L . H ETH E N T N . G O WITH A F OL DIN G AIA P OF CH IN A LON DON ( L TD . K E GA N A UL RE N CH TRUB N E R Co . P , T , , , . TT N Co . N EW Y ORK ( E P . D U O 81 1 9 2 1 T h e Po tte a n d Po elai n F a to ies o f Chi na ry rc c r , their Geographical Distribution and Periods of Activity E PREFATORY NOT . As a student of Chinese ceramics and of the early wares I a in particular , felt the want of map which showed where I e the chief centres of production were placed , so work d out with as much ac c u rac y as possible a map to serve the ( purpose . Several fellow students have e pressed the opinion that the map wou l d be useful to collectors as a supple ment to the authoritative works on the sub( ect , such as ’ P y a hi nese P otter and o cel m . R . L . C Mr . Hobson s y r The facto ies have been divided into three categories , flou rish ed T those which in the ang dynasty or earlier , those ( Y ii an which e isted in the Sung and dynasties , and those fir t c a r dating from Ming and later times . The s at go y are indicated by being coloured in green , the second in red , c as es a and the third in brown . In where centre has per sisted through more than one of these three periods of time it has been coloured according to the period of origin , thus C Kuang chou or anton as it is now called , is coloured green , 5 PREFATORY N OTE although factories in or around this centre have produced ’ l s Y ii n a o a . ware in the Sung , , Ming and Ch ing dynasties It seemed unnecessary to distinguish between centres ’ flou ri shing in the Ming and those operating in the Ch ing 80 . dynasties , because at least per cent of the ware produced in the latter dynasty owed its origin to the ceramic metropolis of Ching té c h én . ( It is not claimed that the map is e haustive , but the l t o in principal centres are shown . It would be impossib e dic at e e( cept on a very large scale map all the factories ’ congregated round certain places such as K ai féng F u and the names shown must be understood to stand for a series of factories situated at the place named or located in ( l ad( oining i lages . Moreover , certain smaller factory centres , the actual i den tified products of which have hardly been as yet , are l not included . For instance , from Chinese iterature it appears A that there was a factory at nping , on the banks of the Yang t ze kiang , in the province of Anhui , which was established for a short time in th e reign of H sii an Te (1 4 2 6 and which produced what was known as the Pa Kuei ware (eight ’ devils pottery( , but the name has not been entered . Nor has an interesting little factory been marked in Hupeh , ( which e isted in Ming times . Literature shows that a branch 6 PREF A TORY NOTE Wu factory was established in that province at Chang , near Hankow , by certain members of a little band of artists ’ ’ brought together by one Tu ng Ch i Ch ang ( 1 5 5 5 whose head( uarters were close to Hang chou in Chekiang . Such factories as these are not discussed in the authoritative i works on Ch nese ceramics , and their inclusion might merely serve to confuse . As a convenient suppleme nt to the map the names of the factories have been printed in alphabetical order , r firstl l a ranged y according to provinces , and second y accord a ing to dynasties . In this latter list the n mes of the centres active in more than one of the three groups of dynasties , are repeated in their appropriate place . Names of towns in China have been changed very often during di fferent dynasties . In the map and lists the names commonly associated with ceramics only have been shown . A collector knows a ware by the name of the town or district i t fin d which produced , and wishes to where that centre is or was located regardl ess of what it is called at the present day . Space has not allowed of the Chinese characters being i z pr nted , but the Romani ation used is that now generally followed . A . L . H . F ac to ries arranged acc o rding to Pro( i n ces ANHUI . ’ Su . Ch i m en hsien . chou ze H sii an chou . S chou Wu ii an Shou chou . y ( CH E K IA N G . ’ ’ Chin ts un . Lung ch uan . ’ Wén h u . F u C chou chou . Wu . H ang chou . chou H siang shan . Yueh chou . Y ii K a shan . hang hsien . Y ii . Li shui hsien . yao H C IH LI . ’ h u C . yang hsien Ting chou . ’ H . T z sing chou fi chou . l i i Wu . L u chii . ching hsien POTTERY AND PORCELAIN FACTORIES CHINA FUK IEN . Ss fi . Amoy . tu ’ ’ A . n ch i . T ai ning Té Chien yang . hua . ’ Lan ch i . Tung an hsien . ’ P z akwoh T fi . tsao Shao wu F u . HONAN . ’ f n h en . é F C liu K ai g u . Ch én . g chou Lo yang . Gb i . i n chou (Yuchou( Shan chou . ’ F én u . T Huai ch ing g chou . H s Tén ii . fén chou g g hsien . u . Y i J chou yang hsien . J u ning F u . HUNAN . u Y o L ng shan chou . KANSU . ’ Hua t ing hsien . POTTERY AND PORCELAIN FACTORIES CHI NA KI AN GS I . n Ching t é c h é . Hung chou . ’ Chi chou . Lin ch uan . e F u liang . Mak ng . ’ fén H u t ien . Nan g hsien . K IANGSU . ’ c h n . Ch ang chou é . Soo chou Y i n . Hsiao hsien . c h é Y . Kua chou . i hsing hsien KUAN GTUN G . ’ n . Chao ch ing F u . K ang chou (Canton( ’ Ch ao chou F u . Lien chou . ’ Ch in chou (Yarn Shih wan . Fat shan . Yang chiang hsien . SHANSI . ’ F u . H o chou . P ing yang ( ’ ’ Y ii t z i1 . P ing tin g chou . hsien POTTERY AND PORCELA IN F ACTORIES CHINA H AN S TUN G . ’ h én s c h én . Lin ch ing . Yen i Y . Po shan hsien . hsien Tsou hsien . SHENS I . Pai shui . Ting chou . Yao chou . SZECHUAN . i Ch eng tu . Ta y . POTTERY AND PORCELAIN FACTORIES OF CHINA SUN G A N D Y UA N DY N ASTIES~C0 nti nu ed S ze . Li shui hsien . chou ’ Té . Lin ch uan . hua e . Liu li chii . T ng chou ’ l . Lung c h ii an . Ting chou (Chih i( ’ ’ T zii . Nan féng hsien . chou Pai shui . Yao chou . ’ Y ii . P ing ting chou . hang hsien ’ Y ii t zii . P ing yang F u . hsien Y ii . Po shan hsien . yao S u chou ’ M ING AND CH ING DYNASTIES . Amoy . Fatshan . ’ n H sii an . A ch i . chou ’ ’ n H u . Ch ang chou c h é . t ien ’ ’ 1 . Chao ch ing P 11 . Hua t ing hsien ’ ’ F u . Ch ao chou F u . Huai ch ing ’ u F u . Ch éng tu . J ning ’ K a . Ch i m en hsien . shan ’ ’ fén F u Ch in chou (Yam chou( . K ai g . t é c h én . Ching . Kua chou ’ . Ch u chou . Kuang chou (Canton( ’ ’ Ch ii yang hsien . Lan ch i . POTTERY AND PORCELAIN FACTORIES IN CHINA ’ — MIN G A N D CH IN Gr DY N ASTIES Coni i zm cd Lien chou . Ting chou (Chihli( . ’ Lin ch ing . Tsou hsien . i . Liu li chi Tung an hsien . T ’ ii Lung shan z chou . ’ e . T Z Mak ng ii tsao . P k a woh . Wu ching hsien . ’ . Wu n P ing ting chou yii a hsien . Po . Y shan hsien ang chiang hsien . Soo chou . Yao chou . h é Shan chou Yen s n c h én . wu F u . Y c h én Shao i . Y i Shih wan hsien . Ssfi . Y i tu hsing hsien . ’ n . Y i T ai ing yang hsien . Té . hua Y ii chou . Tén fén g g hsien ..
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  • Crash Course Chinese

    Crash Course Chinese

    Crash Course Chinese Lu Yang Yanmin Liu Presented by William & Mary Confucius Institute Overview of the Workshop • Composition of Chinese names • Meanings of Chinese names • Tips for bridging the cultural gap • Structure of the Chinese phonetic system • A few easily confused syllables • Chinese as a tonal language • Useful expressions in daily life Composition of Chinese Names • Chinese names include 姓 surname and 名 given name. Chinese English Surname Given name Given name Surname 杨(yáng) 璐(lù) Lu Yang 刘(liú) 燕(yàn)敏(mǐn) Yanmin Liu 陈(chén) 晨(chén)一(yì)夫(fū) Chenyifu Chen Composition of Chinese Names • The top three surnames 王(wáng), 李(lǐ), 张(zhāng) cover more than 20% of the population. • Compound surnames are rare. They are mostly restricted to minority groups. Familiar compound surnames are 欧 (ōu)阳(yáng), 东(dōng)方(fāng), 上(shàng)官(guān), etc. What does it mean? • Pleasing sounds and/or tonal qualities • Beautiful shapes (symmetrical shaped characters like 林 (lín), 森(sēn), 品(pǐn), 晶(jīng), 磊(lěi), 鑫(xīn). • Positive association • Masculine vs. feminine Major types of male names • Firmness and strength: 刚(gāng), 力(lì), 坚(jiān) • Power: 伟(wěi), 强(qiáng), 雄(xióng) • Bravery: 勇(yǒng) • Virtues and values: 信(xìn), 诚(chéng), 正(zhèng), 义(yì) • Beauty: 帅(shuài), 俊(jùn), 高(gāo), 凯(kǎi) Major types of female names • Flowers or plants: 梅(méi), 菊(jú), 兰(lán) • Seasons: 春(chūn), 夏(xià), 秋(qiū), 冬(dōng) • Quietness and serenity: 静(jìng) • Purity and cleanness: 白(bái), 洁(jié), 清(qīng), 晶(jīng),莹(yíng) • Beauty: 美(měi), 丽(lì), 倩(qiàn) • Jade: 玉(yù), 璐 (lù) • Birds: 燕(yàn) Cultural nuances regarding Chinese names • Names reflecting particular times such as: 援(yuán) 朝(cháo) Supporting North Korea 国(guó) 庆(qìng) National Day • Female names reflecting male chauvinism such as: 来(lái) 弟(dì), 招(zhāo) 弟(dì), 娣(dì) Seeking a little brother • Since 1950s, women do not change their surnames after getting married in mainland China.