Lab 18 – A560 – Fall 2015 Urinary System I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted c. d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. 3. Peritubular 3. Medulla a. b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. B. C. D. Fig 19‐13, Junqueira, 13th ed. IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System Learning Objectives A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction 1. Understand the organization of the kidney into lobes and lobules and their II. Learning Objectives relationship to cortical and medullary areas. III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 2. Understand the arterial input and venous drainage through the kidney’s 1. General structure 2. Cortex microvasculature. a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Understand the structure of the , including , and the c. Distal convoluted tubule ultrastructure of the glomerular filter. d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 4. Understand the locations of the various parts of the with respect to 2. Efferent arteriole 3. cortex and medulla. 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle 5. Identify all parts of the nephron and collecting ducts in histological sections and b. Collecting tubule understand how the structures of the different regions correspond to their c. Collecting duct functions. d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta 6. Recognize the structure and know the function of the juxtaglomerular B. Ureter apparatus. C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra 7. Identify the key structural features of the ureter, bladder, and urethra. IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Keywords

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives afferent arteriole III. Slides and Micrographs arcuate medulla A. Kidney arcuate mesangial cells 1. General structure Bowman’s space nephron 2. Cortex calyx peritubular a. Corpuscle collecting duct podocytes b. Proximal convoluted tubule collecting tubule proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature cortex 1. Afferent arteriole distal convoluted tubule renal corpuscles 2. Efferent arteriole efferent arteriole renal papilla 3. Peritubular capillaries foot processes renal 3. Medulla glomerular capsule thick ascending limb a. Loop of Henle thin limb b. Collecting tubule hilum ureter c. Collecting duct juxtaglomerular apparatus urethra d. Renal papilla juxtaglomerular cells urinary bladder e. Vasculature kidney urinary 1. Vasa recta lacis cells vasa recta B. Ureter loop of Henle C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives look here for the III. Slides and Micrographs capsule A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder lined with transitional epithelium D. Urethra (with surrounding CT & adipose = ) IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature renal hilum cortex 1. Afferent arteriole papilla 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct medulla d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives arcuate and III. Slides and Micrographs cortex ( in lumen) at border A. Kidney between cortex and medulla 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole medulla cortex 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule medulla c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter Blood flow through kidney: C. Urinary Bladder  segmental aa.  interlobar aa. (between pyramids of medulla)  arcuate aa. (between D. Urethra medulla/cortex)  interlobular aa. (in cortex)  afferent arteriole  glomerulus  efferent arteriole  IV. Summary peritubular capillaries / vasa recta  interlobular vv.  … Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex renal a. Corpuscle corpuscles b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature

1. Afferent arteriole cortex 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla medullary rays a. Loop of Henle “extensions of medulla” b. Collecting tubule into cortex; they consist c. Collecting duct of collecting and ducts draining d. Renal papilla located higher in cortex; e. Vasculature distinguished by absence 1. Vasa recta medulla of renal corpuscles B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex glomeruli a. Corpuscle (capillary networks) b. Proximal convoluted tubule within Bowman’s c. Distal convoluted tubule capsule of corpuscles d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule bulk of parenchyma c. Collecting duct between corpuscles is d. Renal papilla filled with tubules; e. Vasculature cortex consists mainly 1. Vasa recta of PCTs with a smaller B. Ureter number of DCTs and C. Urinary Bladder collecting tubules D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives [vascular pole] III. Slides and Micrographs macula densa (specialized DCT) A. Kidney Bowman’s 1. General structure capsule 2. Cortex afferent (parietal layer of a. Corpuscle arteriole simple squamous (larger lumen) b. Proximal convoluted tubule epithelium) c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature (visceral layer efferent 1. Afferent arteriole of podocytes) arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole (smaller lumen) 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla glomerulus a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule PCT c. Collecting duct PCT d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature [urinary pole] 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter PCT C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA): specialization of afferent arteriole and distal A560 – Fall 2015 convoluted tubule (of same nephron); involved in regulation of systemic

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives extraglomerular III. Slides and Micrographs mesangial (Lacis) A. Kidney cells 1. General structure form conical mass 2. Cortex continuous with a. Corpuscle mesangium of b. Proximal convoluted tubule glomerulus and c. Distal convoluted tubule bounded by afferent d. Vasculature and efferent arterioles 1. Afferent arteriole with base resting on 2. Efferent arteriole macula densa; cells are 3. Peritubular capillaries flat and elongated; function is unclear 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle afferent b. Collecting tubule arteriole c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature Juxtaglomerular (JG) macula densa 1. Vasa recta modified smooth muscles cells of wall specialized epithelial cells of distal convoluted tubule; B. Ureter of afferent arteriole; cluster around between arterioles; epithelial cells are taller and C. Urinary Bladder arteriole before it enters glomerulus nuclei are situated more apically than in rest of DCT; D. Urethra (contains granules) cells are sensitive to [Na+] IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 capillary endothelial cell dark, elongated nuclei around I. Introduction lumen of capillaries II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle podocytes b. Collecting tubule large, round, pale nuclei; separate the network c. Collecting duct of capillaries in the glomerulus from Bowman's d. Renal papilla space; processes surround the capillaries and e. Vasculature form filtration slits 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter (intraglomerular) mesangial cells C. Urinary Bladder distinguished as nuclei within mesangium (basement membrane‐like material); D. Urethra pericyte‐like, secrete matrix, and phagocytic IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney proximal convoluted tubule 1. General structure (PCT) 2. Cortex emerge from urinary pole of a. Corpuscle corpuscle; lumen is continuous with b. Proximal convoluted tubule Bowman’s space and epithelium is c. Distal convoluted tubule continuous with epithelium of d. Vasculature parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule 1. Afferent arteriole simple cuboidal epithelium with tall 2. Efferent arteriole microvilli (brush border); round 3. Peritubular capillaries nuclei with prominent nucleoli; 3. Medulla intensely‐staining cytoplasm; a. Loop of Henle prominent ; lumen often b. Collecting tubule appears closed; surrounded by rich c. Collecting duct supply of capillaries d. Renal papilla PCT PCT is longer than DCT, so majority of e. Vasculature tubules seen in cortex are PCT 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule (DCT) c. Distal convoluted tubule continuation of thick ascending limb d. Vasculature of loop of Henle; form macula densa 1. Afferent arteriole at vascular pole of corpuscle 2. Efferent arteriole lack microvilli; generally have larger, 3. Peritubular capillaries clearly defined lumen; more nuclei 3. Medulla per cross section (DCT cells are a. Loop of Henle smaller than PCT cells); paler b. Collecting tubule cytoplasm than PCT c. Collecting duct DCT is much shorter than PCT, so d. Renal papilla sections of DCT are much less e. Vasculature numerous than PCT 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule efferent d. Vasculature arteriole 1. Afferent arteriole brings blood to glomerulus; 2. Efferent arteriole has smaller diameter lumen 3. Peritubular capillaries than afferent arteriole, so 3. Medulla maintains filtration pressure in glomerulus; blood will a. Loop of Henle continue from efferent b. Collecting tubule arteriole to peritubular c. Collecting duct capillaries and vasa recta d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta afferent arteriole B. Ureter brings blood to glomerulus; C. Urinary Bladder generally has larger diameter lumen than D. Urethra efferent arteriole; it is often difficult to distinguish between afferent and efferent IV. Summary arterioles Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule peritubular capillary c. Distal convoluted tubule from efferent arterioles of d. Vasculature corpuscle 1. Afferent arteriole extensive network around 2. Efferent arteriole tubules, especially PCT so 3. Peritubular capillaries reabsorbed glomerular 3. Medulla filtrate (~65%) is returned a. Loop of Henle to vasculature b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra medulla: NO renal corpuscles, lots of tubes IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney thick (ascending) 1. General structure limb 2. Cortex from thin limb and a. Corpuscle connecting to DCT b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule cuboidal epithelium which lacks brush d. Vasculature border; round lumen; 1. Afferent arteriole similar appearance to 2. Efferent arteriole DCT 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla thin limb a. Loop of Henle simple squamous b. Collecting tubule epithelium c. Collecting duct differentiated from d. Renal papilla vasa recta by regular e. Vasculature round shape and 1. Vasa recta lack of RBCs in B. Ureter lumen C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule collecting tubule or d. Vasculature connecting segment 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole connect DCT to 3. Peritubular capillaries collecting duct 3. Medulla descend from cortex to a. Loop of Henle medulla in medullary b. Collecting tubule rays c. Collecting duct similar to thick limbs d. Renal papilla but are wider and less e. Vasculature regular in shape 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney collecting duct 1. General structure formed from several 2. Cortex collecting tubules; a. Corpuscle drain to papillary b. Proximal convoluted tubule ducts which open at c. Distal convoluted tubule tips of renal papillae d. Vasculature large diameter; pale‐ 1. Afferent arteriole staining columnar 2. Efferent arteriole epithelium; 3. Peritubular capillaries prominent lateral 3. Medulla borders between adjacent epithelial a. Loop of Henle cells can usually be b. Collecting tubule seen c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex renal papilla a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule papillary ducts d. Vasculature minor calyx ducts of Bellini from 1. Afferent arteriole renal papilla collecting ducts 2. Efferent arteriole transitional 3. Peritubular capillaries epithelium 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs thin limbs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule thick d. Vasculature limbs 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole collecting 3. Peritubular capillaries ducts 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla collecting e. Vasculature tubule 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra vasa recta IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Slide 48: Ureter, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Slide 48: Ureter, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule transitional epithelium d. Vasculature (urinary epithelium) 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 48: Ureter, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole lumen lined by 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla transitional epithelium a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 48: Ureter, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder Ureter is composed of mucosa, muscularis,andadventitia;themuscularishastwolayers:inner D. Urethra longitudinal and outer circular (a third outer longitudinal layer appears at the distal end as it IV. Summary joins with the urinary bladder) – note the difference in the fiber orientations vs. in the GI tract Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 16: Aorta, Vena Cava, Ureter, LN I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla ureter e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta notice the very B. Ureter thick, prominent C. Urinary Bladder lamina propria D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Slide 12: Urinary Bladder, Masson Trichrome II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra mucosa forms prominent rugae in relaxed state IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Slide 12: Urinary Bladder, Masson Trichrome II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole Pacinian corpuscle 3. Peritubular capillaries (in humans?) 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder Three layers of muscularis collectively compose : inner longitudinal, outer D. Urethra circular, and outermost longitudinal; however, the layers are often difficult to distinguish IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction Slide 109: Penis, H&E II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole urethra 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature urinary 1. Vasa recta epithelium B. Ureter (variable) C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Trouble with Tubes Ureter vs. Urinary Bladder I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs Slide 16: Aorta, Vena Cava, Ureter, LN Slide 12: Urinary Bladder, Masson Trichrome A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla basic organization of ureter (especially distal 1/3) and urinary bladder are the same; the key to differentiating them is to appreciate: e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta 1. Difference in size: notice the urinary epithelium lining the lumens, while comparable thickness in both B. Ureter slides, it appears much thinner in the urinary bladder because the image is much more “zoomed out” as the urinary bladder is a larger structure; in the ureter, individual nuclei can be seen in the epithelium, C. Urinary Bladder demonstrating a more “zoomed in” magnification level and an overall smaller structure D. Urethra IV. Summary 2. Mucosa of the urinary bladder often appears more much folded (rugae) when relaxed than in the ureter Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Trouble with Tubes

I. Introduction Ureter vs. Urethra II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs Slide 16: Aorta, Vena Cava, Ureter, LN Slide 109: Penis, H&E A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla 1. Ureter has and is often surrounded by adipose; urethra is embedded within the CT of the e. Vasculature surrounding , generally the penis or vagina 1. Vasa recta 2. Urethra contains small mucous glands in the surrounding CT B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder 3. Ureter is lined by transitional epithelium; urethra is generally lined with pseudostratified columnar D. Urethra epithelium (or transitional) that transitions to stratified squamous at the external urethral orifice IV. Summary 4. Ureter has pronounced muscularis layer Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015

I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs EMs to Examine A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle Fig 19‐5: b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule Fig 19‐6: Filtration barrier d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole Fig 19‐7: Mesangium 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries Fig 19‐10: Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle Fig 19‐11: Thin limb versus vasa recta b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18: Characteristics of Segments of Uriniferous Tubule

Associated Segment Location Characteristics Function Vasculature Proximal convoluted tubule

Pars recta (descending thick)

Thin limb (descending/ascending)

Ascending thick limb

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting tubule

Collecting duct

Papillary duct