Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Urinary System I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra Fig 19‐13, Junqueira, 13th ed. IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System Learning Objectives A560 – Fall 2015 I. Introduction 1. Understand the organization of the kidney into lobes and lobules and their II. Learning Objectives relationship to cortical and medullary areas. III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 2. Understand the arterial input and venous drainage through the kidney’s 1. General structure 2. Cortex microvasculature. a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule 3. Understand the structure of the renal corpuscle, including podocytes, and the c. Distal convoluted tubule ultrastructure of the glomerular filter. d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 4. Understand the locations of the various parts of the nephron with respect to 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries cortex and medulla. 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle 5. Identify all parts of the nephron and collecting ducts in histological sections and b. Collecting tubule understand how the structures of the different regions correspond to their c. Collecting duct functions. d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta 6. Recognize the structure and know the function of the juxtaglomerular B. Ureter apparatus. C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra 7. Identify the key structural features of the ureter, bladder, and urethra. IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Keywords I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives afferent arteriole macula densa III. Slides and Micrographs arcuate arteries medulla A. Kidney arcuate veins mesangial cells 1. General structure Bowman’s space nephron 2. Cortex calyx peritubular capillary a. Corpuscle collecting duct podocytes b. Proximal convoluted tubule collecting tubule proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature cortex renal capsule 1. Afferent arteriole distal convoluted tubule renal corpuscles 2. Efferent arteriole efferent arteriole renal papilla 3. Peritubular capillaries foot processes renal pelvis 3. Medulla glomerular capsule thick ascending limb a. Loop of Henle glomerulus thin limb b. Collecting tubule hilum ureter c. Collecting duct juxtaglomerular apparatus urethra d. Renal papilla juxtaglomerular cells urinary bladder e. Vasculature kidney urinary epithelium 1. Vasa recta lacis cells vasa recta B. Ureter loop of Henle C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives look here for the III. Slides and Micrographs capsule A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder renal pelvis lined with transitional epithelium D. Urethra (with surrounding CT & adipose = renal hilum) IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature renal hilum cortex 1. Afferent arteriole papilla 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule c. Collecting duct medulla d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 111: Kidney, H&E I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives arcuate artery and vein III. Slides and Micrographs cortex (blood in lumen) at border A. Kidney between cortex and medulla 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole medulla cortex 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule medulla c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter Blood flow through kidney: C. Urinary Bladder Renal artery segmental aa. interlobar aa. (between pyramids of medulla) arcuate aa. (between D. Urethra medulla/cortex) interlobular aa. (in cortex) afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole IV. Summary peritubular capillaries / vasa recta interlobular vv. … Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex renal a. Corpuscle corpuscles b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole cortex 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla medullary rays a. Loop of Henle “extensions of medulla” b. Collecting tubule into cortex; they consist c. Collecting duct of collecting tubules and ducts draining nephrons d. Renal papilla located higher in cortex; e. Vasculature distinguished by absence 1. Vasa recta medulla of renal corpuscles B. Ureter C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex glomeruli a. Corpuscle (capillary networks) b. Proximal convoluted tubule within Bowman’s c. Distal convoluted tubule capsule of corpuscles d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule bulk of parenchyma c. Collecting duct between corpuscles is d. Renal papilla filled with tubules; e. Vasculature cortex consists mainly 1. Vasa recta of PCTs with a smaller B. Ureter number of DCTs and C. Urinary Bladder collecting tubules D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives [vascular pole] III. Slides and Micrographs macula densa (specialized DCT) A. Kidney Bowman’s 1. General structure capsule 2. Cortex afferent (parietal layer of a. Corpuscle arteriole simple squamous (larger lumen) b. Proximal convoluted tubule epithelium) c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature (visceral layer efferent 1. Afferent arteriole of podocytes) arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole (smaller lumen) 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla glomerulus a. Loop of Henle b. Collecting tubule PCT c. Collecting duct PCT d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature [urinary pole] 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter PCT C. Urinary Bladder D. Urethra IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA): specialization of afferent arteriole and distal A560 – Fall 2015 convoluted tubule (of same nephron); involved in regulation of systemic blood pressure I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives extraglomerular III. Slides and Micrographs mesangial (Lacis) A. Kidney cells 1. General structure form conical mass 2. Cortex continuous with a. Corpuscle mesangium of b. Proximal convoluted tubule glomerulus and c. Distal convoluted tubule bounded by afferent d. Vasculature and efferent arterioles 1. Afferent arteriole with base resting on 2. Efferent arteriole macula densa; cells are 3. Peritubular capillaries flat and elongated; function is unclear 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle afferent b. Collecting tubule arteriole c. Collecting duct d. Renal papilla e. Vasculature Juxtaglomerular (JG) cell macula densa 1. Vasa recta modified smooth muscles cells of wall specialized epithelial cells of distal convoluted tubule; B. Ureter of afferent arteriole; cluster around between arterioles; epithelial cells are taller and C. Urinary Bladder arteriole before it enters glomerulus nuclei are situated more apically than in rest of DCT; D. Urethra (contains renin granules) cells are sensitive to [Na+] IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 capillary endothelial cell dark, elongated nuclei around I. Introduction lumen of capillaries II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney 1. General structure 2. Cortex a. Corpuscle b. Proximal convoluted tubule c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Vasculature 1. Afferent arteriole 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Peritubular capillaries 3. Medulla a. Loop of Henle podocytes b. Collecting tubule large, round, pale nuclei; separate the network c. Collecting duct of capillaries in the glomerulus from Bowman's d. Renal papilla space; processes surround the capillaries and e. Vasculature form filtration slits 1. Vasa recta B. Ureter (intraglomerular) mesangial cells C. Urinary Bladder distinguished as nuclei within mesangium (basement membrane‐like material); D. Urethra pericyte‐like, secrete matrix, and phagocytic IV. Summary Lab 18 – Urinary System A560 – Fall 2015 Slide 14: Kidney, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives III. Slides and Micrographs A. Kidney proximal convoluted tubule 1. General structure (PCT) 2. Cortex emerge from urinary pole of a. Corpuscle corpuscle; lumen is continuous with b. Proximal convoluted tubule Bowman’s space and epithelium is c. Distal convoluted tubule continuous with epithelium of d. Vasculature parietal