DOCSLIB.ORG

Equity Office Task Force Final Proposal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Equity Office Task Force Final Proposal 2020 Office of Equity Task Force Final Proposal OFFICE OF EQUITY TASK FORCE FINAL PROPOSAL To request this document in another format, call 360-236-4110. Deaf or hard of hearing customers, please call 711 (Washington Relay) or email [email protected]. Para solicitar este documento en otro formato, llame al 360-236-4110. Clientes sordos o con problemas de audición, favor de llamar al 711 (servicios de relé de Washington) o envíe un correo electrónico a [email protected]. Task Force Staff: LinhPhung Huynh, Project Manager Esmael López, Community Engagement Coordinator Hannah Fernald, Administrative Coordinator For more information / Para más información: Christy Curwick Hoff Manager, Governor’s Interagency Council on Health Disparities 360-688-4699 [email protected] Website: www.healthequity.wa.gov & healthequity.wa.gov/TheCouncilsWork/OfficeofEquityTaskForceInformation Statement of Acknowledgement We are indebted to those who came before us, and we recognize that efforts in diversity, equity, and inclusion did not begin with this Task Force nor will they begin with the Office of Equity. We recognize and honor the tremendous efforts our communities, agency staff and leaders, and legislators have contributed to advancing DEI throughout our state and within our government. This includes the work over many years to identify and implement best practices, to demand transparency and accountability, and to establish the Washington State Office of Equity in statute. We urge our state leaders to remain committed to advancing these efforts and ensure this commitment is manifested through meaningful change and tangible benefit for communities across the state. We are deeply grateful to all those who traveled beside us on this yearlong journey. Your hands and hearts have lifted this work up. Words cannot fully capture nor do justice to your greatest aspirations. At minimum, we hope this proposal accurately captures your demands for an equitable, inclusive, and accountable government. Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Equity Equity Statement Developing, strengthening, and Equity requires a commitment to bold action. supporting policies and procedures It begins with the acknowledgement of that distribute and prioritize historical systems of institutional racism and resources to those who have been oppression that have led to the uneven historically and currently distribution of benefits and burdens in our marginalized, including tribes. communities. Racism is ingrained in our history and deeply embedded in our institutions, Equity requires the elimination of affecting all sectors. An equitable decision- systemic barriers that have been making process prioritizes community-led deeply entrenched in systems of solutions, driven by those most affected. inequality and oppression. Equity Generational healing takes time and requires us achieves procedural and outcome to embrace discomfort and practice humility. fairness, promoting dignity, honor, and respect for all people. Equity ensures everyone has full access to the opportunities, power, and resources they need to flourish and achieve their full potential. Diversity Describes the presence of differences within a given setting, collective, or group. An individual is not diverse – a person is unique. Diversity is about a collective or a group and exists in relationship to others. A team, an organization, a family, a neighborhood, and a community can be diverse. A person can bring diversity of thought, experience, and trait, (seen and unseen) to a team — and the person is still an individual.1 Inclusion Intentionally designed, active, and ongoing engagement with people that ensures opportunities and pathways for participation in all aspects of group, organization, or community, including decision making processes. Inclusion is not a natural consequence of diversity. There must be intentional and consistent efforts to create and sustain a participative environment. Inclusion refers to how groups show that people are valued as respected members of the group, team, organization, or community. Inclusion is often created through progressive, consistent, actions to expand, include, and share.1 1 State Human Resources (within the Office of Financial Management) coordinated work around a glossary of equity-related terms, see Appendix F. OFFICE OF EQUITY TASK FORCE 2 | FINAL PROPOSAL Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 8 The Office of Equity Task Force ..................................................................................... 12 Government-to-Government Relations ...................................................................... 16 Community Engagement .............................................................................................. 19 Learning from Others’ Journeys .................................................................................... 27 Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic ........................................................................... 41 RECOMMENDATIONS Our Greatest Hopes for the Office of Equity............................................................... 54 Equity Definition & Guiding Statements ....................................................................... 53 Principles for Success ...................................................................................................... 60 Leading with Community .............................................................................................. 64 Urgent Work: Ensuring Equity and Access in Relief and Recovery Efforts ............... 69 Immediate Actions for the Governor and Legislature ....................................... 71 With Investment: A Fully Functional and Effective Office of Equity ........................ 75 Roles and Responsibilities for a Fully Resourced Office of Equity .................... 75 Organizational Structure ...................................................................................... 100 Operating Budget ................................................................................................ 106 Systems Transformation: An Equitable, Just, and Sustainable Future ................... 109 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 110 Appendices ................................................................................................................... 112 OFFICE OF EQUITY TASK FORCE 3 | FINAL PROPOSAL "Not all peoples have the same historic and cultural backgrounds. We honor that there is more than one belief system and accept that the values, knowledge, and behavior of a people must be understood within their own story and cultural context. Acceptance is the opposite of oppression." — Vicki Lowe, Descendant of the Jamestown S’Klallam and Bella Coola First Nations & Executive Director, American Indian Health Commission for Washington State OFFICE OF EQUITY TASK FORCE 2 | FINAL PROPOSAL Foreword Foreword From Jan Ward Olmstead and Benjamin Danielson, Chairs of the Office of Equity Task Force It has been a remarkable honor to participate in this yearlong effort to create and define the Office of Equity for the state of Washington. Our state will distinguish itself, once again, from all other states in the nation “The office boldly with the inception of this office. Beyond its equity-centering sculpts the tools to operating principles and pragmatic functions, the office is a make equity our manifestation of the raised voices of Washingtonians. The office north star.” boldly sculpts the tools to make equity our north star. The work to promote equity is timely. As our nation struggles to address longstanding racism with especially ardent purpose in this moment, a state Office of Equity represents a vital component at the right “As we reach earnestly for time. This moment in our nation’s history reveals substantive change, the that we have not done enough, that the existing efforts have been insufficient to excise racism’s transparency and accountability deeply rooted cancer from the fabric of our found in an Office of Equity will country. As we reach earnestly for substantive make this a permanent part of change, the transparency and accountability found state government.” in an Office of Equity will make this a permanent part of state government. We all pay for inequity. In terms of diminished dignity, deferred opportunities, and decreased health. Pragmatically, we all also pay for inequity financially. In terms of compromised work productivity, higher public service needs and healthcare costs. An investment in equity is a cost- saving venture, by any measure. “An investment in equity As is made clear in this report, the word equity is is a cost-saving venture, multidimensional and sometimes unsettling. Defining equity is its own challenging exercise in co-definition. It asks a by any measure.” group of people to struggle together in a way that feels like the healthy discomfort of growing pains. Creating processes based on equity is an exercise in challenging convention. It demands a deep and honest critical assessment of well-entrenched practices and comfort zones. A year of well-planned gatherings have been spent to define and assess equity in ways that assure the office will tangibly benefit Washingtonians. OFFICE
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Language, Culture, and National Identity
    Language, Culture, and National Identity BY ERIC HOBSBAWM LANGUAGE, culture, and national identity is the ·title of my pa­ per, but its central subject is the situation of languages in cul­ tures, written or spoken languages still being the main medium of these. More specifically, my subject is "multiculturalism" in­ sofar as this depends on language. "Nations" come into it, since in the states in which we all live political decisions about how and where languages are used for public purposes (for example, in schools) are crucial. And these states are today commonly iden­ tified with "nations" as in the term United Nations. This is a dan­ gerous confusion. So let me begin with a few words about it. Since there are hardly any colonies left, practically all of us today live in independent and sovereign states. With the rarest exceptions, even exiles and refugees live in states, though not their own. It is fairly easy to get agreement about what constitutes such a state, at any rate the modern model of it, which has become the template for all new independent political entities since the late eighteenth century. It is a territory, preferably coherent and demarcated by frontier lines from its neighbors, within which all citizens without exception come under the exclusive rule of the territorial government and the rules under which it operates. Against this there is no appeal, except by authoritarian of that government; for even the superiority of European Community law over national law was established only by the decision of the constituent SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nation-State and Global Order: a Historical Introduction to Contemporary Politics SECOND EDITION
    EXCERPTED FROM The Nation-State and Global Order: A Historical Introduction to Contemporary Politics SECOND EDITION Walter C. Opello, Jr. and Stephen J. Rosow Copyright © 2004 ISBNs: 1-58826-289-8 pb 1800 30th Street, Ste. 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com i Introduction: A Historical Approach to the State and Global Order During the 1970s, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher blamed Britain’s eco- nomic malaise and decline as a world power on the welfare-state programs put in place by the Labour Party after World War II. She and her Tory Party began to dismantle the welfare state by selling off nationalized industries, reducing social programs, and implementing monetarist economic policies. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan, president of the United States, was elected on a similar neoliberal agenda. To the Thatcherite critique of the welfare state, Reagan and his Republican Party added to their list of causes of the United States’ economic malaise the hedonism of the 1960s, the rise of the new left, the anti–Vietnam War movement, the radicalization of the civil rights movement, and, later, the rise of feminism. In 1989, the Soviet Union withdrew from Eastern Europe and, in 1991, collapsed, thus ending the bipolar system that had divided the world into two spheres of influence, one American and one Soviet, since the end of World War II. As Russian power faded and the United States emerged dur- ing the 1990s as the world’s only superpower, the neoliberal agenda articu- lated by Thatcher and Reagan began to spread to the major states in Europe, including Russia and the states of Eastern Europe, and beyond to states in Asia, Latin America, and even Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Nation-Building and Ethnicity1
    Nation-Building and Ethnicity1 There are many terms for defining human groups: they emerged in various societies with different histories and cultural traditions at different times. The meanings of these terms became more confused when they were translated into different languages. In English, there are terms to describe human groups such as “race,” “tribe,” “clan,” “nation,” “people,” “country,” “state,” etc2. Compared with these terms, “ethnic group” and “ethnicity” only appeared recently in the 20th century (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975: 1). These terms emerged in west Europe, the countries initiating the industrial revolution, then were introduced into other parts of the world accompanied by the western merchants, priests, and armies. These Europeans introduced their political and social systems as well as their ideology and values to other people by cultural influence or military force. “Nation-state” was the form of political entity first appearing in Western Europe, then adopted by colonies when they sought independence. “Nation” became an important term in international politics. “Nation-building” became a widespread political process among Asian, African and American countries, together with the powerful “nationalist” movement. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 200 independent countries around the world that were recognized by the international society (the United Nations). An important phenomenon is that political boundaries have not always been drawn according to human group inhabitance but often, oppositely, have been affected by wars, treaties, and international powers. Therefore, there are many different human groups living in the same countries; populations originally from the same group now living on both sides of a boundary.
    [Show full text]
  • Definitions of Nation, Ethnic Group, Race, Etc.: How Can We Classify Human Beings?
    Definitions of nation, ethnic group, race, etc.: How can we classify human beings? Multi-Ethnic Society （Apr. 24, 2014） 1 Some Examples ＠Minority groups in Japan (such as Ainu, Okinawan, Korean, etc.） are categorized as ethnic groups, nations, or anything else? How about the majority? ＊We use “Japanese-American”, “Japanese- Brazilian” but how about “American-Japanese”, “Brazilian-Japanese”? ＠Native Americans: are they called “tribes” while other minorities are not? →How are other races/ethnic groups categorized? 2 Considering Various Concepts by Comparison 国民／民族（種族）／部族／…＝nation／ ethnic group／tribe…？ • nation・race→ in Japanese? (Shiokawa 2008:9) • Minzoku（民族）→ in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Thai, etc. • Translation problem, yes, but… 3 Example of Comparison • Race vs. Ethnicity (Brubaker 2009: 25-6) Race Ethnicity • Involuntary • Voluntary • External categorization • Internal self-identification • Differences of phenotype • Differences of culture or nature • Rigid • Flexible • Involve super- and • Coordinate groups subordinate • Process of exclusion • Process of inclusion • European colonial • History of nation-state encounter with non- formation European 4 Criteria of Classification? • Population size • Language, culture, lineage, etc. • Degree of “evolution / development” • Physical traits/ appearance (visibility) = race? 5 Space, Time, Context of Terms • Developed and developing countries： ethnic group and tribe • Pre-modern and modern times：ethnic and ethnic group • Political, academic and/or everyday words • Proper and/or common
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Racism in Europe: an Intersectional Approach to the Discourse on Empowerment Through the EU Anti-Racism Action Plan 2020–2025
    social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Anti-Racism in Europe: An Intersectional Approach to the Discourse on Empowerment through the EU Anti-Racism Action Plan 2020–2025 Carolin Müller Media Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; [email protected] Abstract: Anti-racism in Europe operates in political, policy, and civic spaces, in which organizations try to counter racial discrimination and violence. This paper applies a textual analysis to the European discourse of the transnationally connected anti-racism movement that shaped the European Union (henceforth EU) anti-racism action plan 2020–2025. The plan seeks to address structural racism in the EU through an intersectional lens. Alana Lentin, however, cautions that the structuring principles of anti-racism approaches can obscure “irrefutable reciprocity between racism and the modern nation-state”. Against the backdrop of a critique intersectionality mainstreaming in global anti-racist movements, this paper draws on Kimberly Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality to critically examine the practices outlined in the EU anti-racism action plan to understand (1) the extent to which the EU anti-racism action addresses the historical baggage of European imperialism, (2) the influence of transnational anti-racism organizations such as the European Network Against Racism (henceforth ENAR) in reinforcing universalisms about notions of humanity in anti-racism activism through language and (3) the limitations that the EU anti-racism action plan poses for the Citation: Müller, Carolin. 2021. empowerment of racially marginalized groups of people. Anti-Racism in Europe: An Intersectional Approach to the Keywords: anti-racism; intersectionality; EU anti-racism action plan 2020–2025; activism Discourse on Empowerment through the EU Anti-Racism Action Plan 2020–2025.
    [Show full text]
  • Extending the Concept of Ethnocracy: Exploring the Debate in the Baltic Context
    Extending the Concept of Ethnocracy: Exploring the Debate in the Baltic Context Timofey Agarin Queen's University Belfast Abstract The advance of liberal understanding of democracy with its interest in and constrained ability to interfere with citizens’ identities made cases of ethnocracy rare over the past decades. Over the past 25 years, Baltic politics and societies have experienced considerable change, however, as I demonstrate, considerable debate persists around the issues central to the argument about ethnocracy in the region. In the context, when discussing the central role played by state institutions in negotiating conflicts between groups over access to scarce resources of the state, it is central to see minorities as being in both the inferior numerical position as well as in a symbolically more disadvantageous place: If we see democratic politics for what they are as majoritarian politics, and if we see these as taking place in the context of state institutions designed to uphold the ethnic majority dominance, then any kind of liberal democratic politics would be a good candidate for ethnocracy. Introduction When James Anderson contacted me to contribute to the debate on ethnocracy in this special issue, I agreed without hesitation. Since my days as a doctoral student I was exposed to discussions on the politics of managing ethnic diversity in what are today Estonia and Latvia. Over the past 25 years, Baltic politics and societies have experienced considerable change; independence from the Soviet Union, a period of post-communist transition, membership negotiations with the European Union, EU accession in 2004, and more than twelve years of membership in both the EU and NATO all have changed the nature of politics in the Baltic states individually and collectively (Agarin 2010; Galbreath 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Place Names in National and Regional Atlases. Methodological Considerations and Practical Use Exemplified by New Atlases from the Eastern Part of Europe
    LANGUAGE AND PLACE NAMES IN NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ATLASES. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRACTICAL USE EXEMPLIFIED BY NEW ATLASES FROM THE EASTERN PART OF EUROPE Peter Jordan Austrian Institute of East and Southeast European Studies, Vienna Abstract National and regional atlases are mainly conceived for national use, but as map works with a representative function they address, in contrast to school atlases, also an international audience. Taking this into account, many of them use for titles, legends and explanatory texts not only the national language, but also one or more world languages or are published in different language editions. The use of a second or third editorial language has, however, implications on the treatment of place names, especially on the use of exonyms. Another aspect deriving from the atlases’ representative function is the reflection of minority names. The paper investigates into relevant practices applied in recently published national and regional atlases from the eastern part of Europe and offers some methodological considerations as regards the use of more than one editorial language, the use of exonyms in this case as well the use of minority names. 1 INTRODUCTION National and regional atlases are mainly conceived for national use. But as map works with a representative function they address, in contrast to school atlases, also an international audience. Taking this into account, many of them use for titles, legends and explanatory texts not only the national language, but also one or more world languages or are published in different language editions. The use of a second or even more editorial languages has, however, implications on the treatment of place names.
    [Show full text]
  • The Making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization And
    The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 ©2014 Sinan Celiksu All rights reserved ABSTRACT The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu This dissertation examines the relationship between state failures and state legitimacy in Italy. The study is based on a one-year ethnographic field research in Varese City. The political party Northern League and its followers (Leghisti) has been chosen to observe the state-society relationships. It has been discovered that among others, three factors were instrumental in the process by which the state-society relationships has been deteriorated so as to open the path for an alternative legitimacy claim such as Padanian nationalism. Initially, revelations of political corruption and illegal state practices, failure of the state to address problems related to globalization such as global economic integration and uncontrolled immigration were instrumental. Later, struggle of hegemony and subjugation between the League and the state has been another important cause for deteriorated relationships. This study also provides qualitative data on the processes by which those deteriorated relationships and state failures contributed the rise of xenophobia and suggests that this failures of the state coupled with the problems brought about by the uncontrolled immigration and global economic expansion is likely to open a path for criminalization of both immigrants and local people. Table of Contents LIST OF GRAPHS, IMAGES, AND ILLUSTRATIONS ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth of the Nation-State: Theorizing Society and Polities in a Global Era
    034428 Walby 3/7/2003 10:31 am Page 529 Sociology Copyright © 2003 BSA Publications Ltd® Volume 37(3): 529–546 [0038-0385(200308)37:3;529–546;034428] SAGE Publications London,Thousand Oaks, New Delhi The Myth of the Nation-State: Theorizing Society and Polities in a Global Era ■ Sylvia Walby University of Leeds ABSTRACT The analysis of globalization requires attention to the social and political units that are being variously undermined, restructured or facilitated by this process. Sociology has often assumed that the unit of analysis is society, in which economic, political and cultural processes are coterminous, and that this concept maps onto that of nation-state.This article argues that the nation-state is more mythical than real.This is for four reasons: first, there are more nations than states; second, sev- eral key examples of presumed nation-states are actually empires; third, there are diverse and significant polities in addition to states, including the European Union and some organized religions; fourth, polities overlap and rarely politically saturate the territory where they are located. An implication of acknowledging the wider range and overlapping nature of polities is to open greater conceptual space for the analysis of gender and ethnicity in analyses of globalization. Finally the article re-conceptualizes ‘polities’ and ‘society’. KEY WORDS difference / globalization / nation-state / polities / theory Introduction odern societies have often been equated with nation-states, although pre- modern social associations have been conceptualized differently M (Giddens, 1984; Habermas, 1989; Meyer et al., 1997). But nation-states are actually very rare as existing social and political forms, even in the modern era.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHNOCRACY: Exploring and Extending the Concept
    LEAD PAPER in a special issue on Ethnocracy ETHNOCRACY: Exploring and Extending the Concept James Anderson Queens University Belfast Abstract Ethnocracy means ‘government or rule by a particular ethnic group’ or ethnos, sometimes contrasted with democracy, rule by the demos or the people in general. The concept was primarily developed as national ethnocracy for regimes in contemporary national states which claim to be ‘democratic’. It was mainly pioneered by the Israeli geographer Oren Yiftachel to analyse the ethnically-biased policies and asymmetrical power relations of Jews and Palestinians in Israel/Palestine, but it needs to be further developed in other geographical settings and in different types of political context. Yiftachel himself extended it ‘down’ to city level and a specifically urban ethnocracy, and we can further explore how cities and city governance can sometimes moderate national state ethnocracy. Going beyond the national and the urban, and the particularities of the Israeli case, we can also enrich the concept by extending it to three other types of context each of which has its own specific dynamics: firstly, ‘back’ to imperial ethnocracy which often preceded and gave birth to national ethnocracy; secondly, it can be extended ‘forwards’ to the (usually mis-named) ‘post-conflict’ or power-sharing stages of ‘peace processes’, to what we might call shared or ‘post-conflict’ ethnocracy; thirdly, and more speculatively, it can be extended to contemporary religious-political conflicts which are at least partly transnational in character, to what could be called religious and ‘post-national’ ethnocracy. These five main types of ethnocracy and their inter-relationships can help tie together different features of ethnic and ethno- national conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • Race and Ethnicity in the Construction of the Nation in Spain
    ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1078484 Race and ethnicity in the construction of the nation in Spain: the case of the Maragatos Pablo Alonso-Gonzáleza,b aDepartment of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; bIncipit-CSIC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ABSTRACT Nationalism and its counterpart, modernism, are projects that involve the attempt to homogenize and incorporate the masses through the creation of a majority identity that usually leads to the classification of certain deviant groups as ‘others’. In Spain, civic and ethnic nationalisms driven by the state have historically drawn on cultural and biological notions of ethnicity and race to construct a representation of the Maragatos as ‘cursed peoples’, while at the same time homogenizing and incorporating them into the nation in practice. By tracing a genealogy of the origins and evolution of the representations of Maragato otherness created during the Enlightenment era, the Franco dictatorship and the current super-modern period, this paper argues that representations of otherness significantly influence current research agendas and understandings of identity well beyond the disappearance of the actual subjects described as others. KEYWORDS Spain; nation building; internal others; Maragatería; ethnicity; identity ARTICLE HISTORY Received 4 February 2015; Accepted 4 June 2015 1. Ethnogenesis and nation building Nations are as much historic products as constructions based on the institu- tionalization of certain notions of the social that ground their legitimacy and authority. These notions become part of the dominant political, ideologi- Downloaded by [University of Cambridge] at 04:37 29 September 2015 cal and symbolic order, which is both imagined and naturalized – that is, ren- dered socially real – among a collective of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Collective Identities and Solidarity in Premiers' Early
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00805-x OPEN Constructing collective identities and solidarity in premiers’ early speeches on COVID-19: a global perspective ✉ Martina Berrocal 1 , Michael Kranert 2, Paola Attolino3, Júlio Antonio Bonatti Santos4, Sara Garcia Santamaria5, Nancy Henaku6, Aimée Danielle Lezou Koffi7, Camilla Marziani 8, Viktorija Mažeikienė9, Dasniel Olivera Pérez10, Kumaran Rajandran11 & Aleksandra Salamurović12 1234567890():,; The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a unique global experience, arousing both exclu- sionary nationalistic and inclusionary responses of solidarity. This article aims to explore the discursive and linguistic means by which the COVID-19 pandemic, as a macro-event, has been translated into local micro-events. The analysis studies the global pandemic through the initial statements of 29 leading political actors across four continents. The aim is to examine discursive constructions of solidarity and nationalism through the social representation of inclusion/exclusion of in-, out-, and affiliated groups. The comparative analysis is based on the theoretical and methodological framework of the socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis and is informed by argumentation theory and nationalism studies. The results of our analysis suggest that leaders have constructed the virus as the main outgroup through the metaphors of the pandemic-as-war and the pandemic-as-movement which have entered the national space. Faced with this threat, these speeches have discursively con- structed the nation-as-a-team as the main in-group and prioritized (1) a vertical type of solidarity based on nationhood and according to governmental plans; (2) exclusionary soli- darity against rule-breakers; (3) horizontal solidarity that is both intergenerational and among family members, and (4) transnational solidarity.
    [Show full text]