STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
UNIT CONTENT PAGE Nr
I INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET 02
II INTRODUCTION TO HTML 19
III DESIGNING TABLES 24
IV INTRODUCTIN TO DHTML 33
V FRAMES 38
Page 1 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT - I INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET
COMPUTER IN BUSINESS: Computer-based business applications were called Business Data Processing Systems(BDPS) and COBOLwas largely used to design them. But in COBOL, even a simple program has very lengthy codes. After, people felt the need for a more flexible and simple system that would maintain data files and support easy programming. So DBMS was developed for managing data files.Dbase was the first popular DBMS. New technology called Graphical User Inter-face(GUI) was introduced for designing programs. GUI divides a program into two parts.One part is for managing the data file and the other to design pictures and icons to get input from the user.
NETWORKING: A network is a number of computers connected to each other. A type of network where all users connect to a central server, which is the acting agent for all communications. This server would store both the communications and the user account information. Most public instant messaging platforms use a centralized network.Alsocalled centralized server- structure.
INTERNET: Internet is the world’s largest network of computer networks.
HISTORY: The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. Arpanet adopted the Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP)in1983 and separated out the military network (MILnet), assigning a subset for public research. Launched formally as the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1985, engineers designed it to connect university computer science departments across the USARPAnet adopted the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)in1983 and separated out the military network (MILnet), assigning a subset for public research. The Internet is a global network of networks that enables computers of all kinds to directly and transparently communicate and share services throughout the world. In 1969 the precursor of Internet is born: ARPAnet.
Page 2 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 ARPA = Advanced Research Projects Agency sponsored by the American Department of Defense (DOD).Designed to connect military research centers.Distributed computer system able to survive a nuclear attack Problem: ARPAnet could connect only networks of the same type. In 1970, ARPA starts developing the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a technology for connecting networks of different types (produced by different companies) Other networks appear, such as CSNET and BITNET. The Internet = a network of networks. People around the world share ideas, information, comments, and stories. E-mail E-mail (electronic mail) is the most popularservice. You can send and receive mail (electronic text), faster and cheaper than surfacemail. Example email addresses: [email protected] Web browsing to find information. Example: www.gpcet.ac.in Features of the Internet Mailinglists: You can subscribe to lists on various subjects to receive emails, you can post (send) messages, you can unsubscribe. Some lists are moderated. Newsgroups are collections of messages on varioussubjects FTP (File Transfer Protocol). You can copy files from one computer to another over the internet. Telnet or remote login. Permits your computer to log onto another computer and use it as if you were there. You need to provide your username and password, for security reasons. Chatrooms: You can exchange messages with other people, anonymously (using a nickname).
GOPHER For many people, the World Wide Web is synonymous with the Internet. While the HTTP protocol dominates the modern internet, many protocols obsolete, obscure and well known make up the Internet. One of the more stubborn protocols is Gopher. Introduced in 1991 (the same year as HTTP), Gopher, like the web, is document-centric.
By about 1990, information on the internet was expanding rapidly enough that it needed more organization and a better search capability. In 1991 researchers at the University of Minnesota developed the Gopher protocol in an attempt to provide some of that organization. Gopher provides a hierarchical text-based menu system to organize the contents of a data repository.
Page 3 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Soon after, the search capability came in the form of a new search engine called Veronica. It used a dynamically updated database of every file and every hierarchy on every Gopher server on the internet.
Veronica was eventually joined by an alternative search tool named Jughead. Jughead differed from Veronica in that it did not use a large and expanding database, but on the other hand you had to specify which Gopher server you wanted to search.
Clearly there was a problem with scaling here, and that is part of what led to Gopher’s eventual decline as the internet kept expanding. Other threats came from the sheer versatility of HTML and HTTP, the rise of universal text-based searching, and the eventual decision by the University of Minnesota to charge licensing fees for the use of their software. Gopher was wildly popular for a few years, but by about 1996 it had fallen far behind the new browser- based web.
WORLD WIDE WEB(WWW) WWW is a collection of pages maintained on the internet using a technique called hyper-text.
The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics, animations, audios or videos) on almost any subject. Even though the Internet was developed more than three decades ago, the introduction of the World Wide Web is a relatively recent event. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European
Laboratory for Particle Physics) developed the World Wide Web and several communication protocols that form the backbone of the Web.
The Internet and the World Wide Web surely will be listed among the most important and profound creations of humankind.
Inthe past, most computer applications executed on “stand-alone” computers (i.e., computers that were not connected to one another)
HYPER-TEXT Hypertext is text that links to other information. By clicking on a link in a hypertext document, a user can quickly jump to different content.
Therefore, in a hypertext system it is possible to: link with a term that represents aspects of the content of a document connect two related documents relate a term to a fragment containing its definition and use link two related terms
INTRODUCTION TO WEB BROWSER AND SEARCH ENGINES WEB BROWSER:-
It is used to retrieve and transverse information across the World Wide Web.
Page 4 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 It basically allows user to access and retrieve and view documents and other resources on the internet. EX:- GoogleCrome, Opera Mini etc All major web browsers allows user to open multiple pages at the same time in one window or in different windows. They also include pop up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from popping up without users consent. Most browser functions can be extended by installing different plugins. Some of the common user interface in a web browser is the refresh button, forward and back button, refresh button as well as the status and address bar.
SEARCH ENGINES: They are programs used to search documents with specified keywords and returns list of documents with the keywords. Some of the search engine are Google, Bing and yahoo that enables user to search documents on the World Wide Web.
WORKING OF A SEARCH ENGINE:- A spider is sent out by the search engine to fetch as many documents as possible. Then the indexer reads these documents and creates an index based on the words found. They also use an algorithm to return only the meaningful result for each query.
Internet Technologies: Modem Modem is abbreviation for Modulator – Demodulator and is used for data transfer from one computer network to another computer network through telephone lines. The computer network works in digital mode, while analog technology is used for carrying massages across phone lines.
Page 5 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Internet Addressing A way to locate people, computers, and Internet resources. It can be IP (Internet Protocol) addresses and domain names Electronic mail addresses URLs
Internet Service Providers (ISP) Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company offering access to internet. They offer various services: Internet Access Domain name registration Dial-up access Leased line access
ISP Types ISPs can broadly be classified into six categories as shown in the following diagram:
ACCESS PROVIDERS They provide access to internet through telephone lines, cable wi-fi or fiber optics.
MAILBOX PROVIDER Such providers offer mailbox hosting services.
HOSTING ISPS Hosting ISPs offers e-mail, and other web hosting services such as virtual machines, clouds etc.
Page 6 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 VIRTUAL ISPS Such ISPs offer internet access via other ISP services.
FREE ISPS Free ISPs do not charge for internet services. Connection Types There exist several ways to connect to the internet. Following are these connection types available: 1. Dial-up Connection 2. ISDN 3. DSL 4. Cable TV Internet connections 5. Satellite Internet connections 6. Wireless Internet Connections 7. Dial-up Connection
Dial-up connection uses telephone line to connect PC to the internet. It requires a modem to setup dial-up connection. This modem works as an interface between PC and the telephone line. There is also a communication program that instructs the modem to make a call to specific number provided by an ISP.
Dial-up connection uses either of the following protocols: 1. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) 2. Point to Point Protocol (PPP) The following diagram shows the accessing internet using modem:
ISDN ISDN is acronym of Integrated Services Digital Network. It establishes the connection using the phone lines which carry digital signals instead of analog signals. There are two techniques to deliver ISDN services: 1. Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 2. Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
Key points: The BRI ISDN consists of three distinct channels on a single ISDN line: t1o 64kbps B (Bearer) channel and one 16kbps D (Delta or Data) channels. The PRI ISDN consists of 23 B channels and one D channels with both have operating capacity of 64kbps individually making a total transmission rate of 1.54Mbps.
Page 7 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 The following diagram shows accessing internet using ISDN connection:
DSL DSL is acronym of Digital Subscriber Line. It is a form of broadband connection as it provides connection over ordinary telephone lines. Following are the several versions of DSL technique available today: 1. Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) 2. Symmetric DSL (SDSL) 3. High bit-rate DSL (HDSL) 4. Rate adaptive DSL (RDSL) 5. Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) 6. ISDN DSL (IDSL)
All of the above mentioned technologies differ in their upload and download speed, bit transfer rate and level of service.
Page 8 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 The following diagram shows that how we can connect to internet using DSL technology:
Cable TV Internet Connection Cable TV Internet connection is provided through Cable TV lines. It uses coaxial cable which is capable of transferring data at much higher speed than common telephone line.
Key Points: A cable modem is used to access this service, provided by the cable operator. The Cable modem comprises of two connections: one for internet service and other for Cable TV signals. Since Cable TV internet connections share a set amount of bandwidth with a group of customers, therefore, data transfer rate also depends on number of customers using the internet at the same time.
The following diagram shows that how internet is accessed using Cable TV connection:
Page 9 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Satellite Internet Connection Satellite Internet connection offers high speed connection to the internet. There are two types of satellite internet connection: one way connection or two way connection. In one way connection, we can only download data but if we want to upload, we need a dialup access through ISP over telephone line. In two way connection, we can download and upload the data by the satellite. It does not require any dialup connection.
The following diagram shows how internet is accessed using satellite internet connection:
Wireless Internet Connection Wireless Internet Connection makes use of radio frequency bands to connect to the internet and offers a very high speed. The wireless internet connection can be obtained by either WiFi or Bluetooth.
Key Points: Wi Fi wireless technology is based on IEEE 802.11 standards which allow the electronic device to connect to the internet. Bluetooth wireless technology makes use of short-wavelength radio waves and helps to create personal area network (PAN).
Internet Browser Internet Browser(web Browser) is an application software that allows us to view and explore information on the web. User can request for any web page by just entering a URL into address bar. Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is the responsibility of a web browser to interpret text and commands contained in the web page. Earlier the web browsers were text-based while now a days graphical-based or voice- based web browsers are also available. Following are the most common web browser available today:
Page 10 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Browser Vendor
Internet Explorer Microsoft
Google Chrome Google
Mozilla Firefox Mozilla
Netscape Navigator Netscape Communications Corp.
Opera Opera Software
Safari Apple
Sea Monkey Mozilla Foundation
K-meleon K-meleon
Architecture There are a lot of web browser available in the market. All of them interpret and display information on the screen however their capabilities and structure varies depending upon implementation. But the most basic component that all web browser must exhibit are listed below: Controller/Dispatcher Interpreter Client Programs
Controller It works as a control unit in CPU. It takes input from the keyboard or mouse, interpret it and make other services to work on the basis of input it receives.
Interpreter Itreceives the information from the controller and executes the instruction line by line. Some interpreterare mandatory while some are optional For example, HTML interpreter program is mandatory and java interpreter is optional.
Client Program It describes the specific protocol that will be used to access a particular service. Following are the client programs tat are commonly used: HTTP SMTP FTP NNTP POP
Page 11 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Starting Internet Explorer Internet explorer is a web browser developed by Microsoft. It is installed by default with the windows operating system however it can be downloaded and be upgraded.
To start internet explorer, follow the following steps: Go to Start button and click Internet Explorer.
The Internet Explorer window will appear as shown in the following diagram:
Page 12 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Accessing Web Page Accessing web page is very simple. Just enter the URL in the address bar as shown the following Diagram:
Page 13 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Navigation A web page may contain hyperlinks. When we click on these links other web page is opened. These hyperlinks can be in form of text or image. When we take the mouse over an hyperlink, pointer change its shape to hand.
Key Points In case, you have accessed many web pages and willing to see the previous webpage then just click back button. You can open a new web page in the same tab, or different tab or in a new window.
Saving Webpage You can save web page to use in future. In order to save a webpage, follow the steps given below: Click File > Save As. Save Webpage dialog box appears. Choose the location where you want to save your webpage from save in: list box. Then choose the folder where you want to save the webpage. Specify the file name in the File name box. Select the type from Save as type list box. Webpage, complete Web Archive Webpage HTML only Text File From the encoding list box, choose the character set which will be used with your webpage. By default, Western European is selected. Click save button and the webpage is saved.
Saving Web Elements Web elements are the pictures, links etc. In order to save these elements follow the steps given below:
Page 14 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Right click on the webpage element you want to save. Menu options will appear. These options may vary depending on the element you want to save.
Save Picture As This option let you save the picture at specific location with its name. When you click this option, a dialog box is opened where you can specify its name and location.
Favorites The Favorites option helps to save addresses of the webpages you visited often. Hence you need not to remember long and complex address of websites you visit often. In order to open any webpage, you just need to double click on the webpage that you have marked from bookmarks list.
ADDING A WEB PAGE TO YOUR FAVORITES In ordered to add website to your favorite list, follow the steps given below: Open webpage that you want to add to your favorite. Click on favorite menu and then click on Add to Favorites option. AddFavorites dialog box appears.
You can also click Favorites button available in the toolbar. Favorites panel will open in the left corner of the internet explorer window. Click add button, AddFavorites dialog box will appear.
Page 15 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
In AddFavorites dialog box, the Name: text box will contains the name of the web page that you want to add to favorites. Click the Create in button, Favorites folder will appear. Move to the folder where you want to store the favorites by clicking on the folder name. Now click OK button to save the favorites.
OPENING FAVORITES In order to open favorites, follow the steps given below: In the Favorite Panel, take the mouse over the site that you want to open. Now click on the address to open that site.
Favorite can also be opened from the Favorites menu by selecting the appropriate one.
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ORGANIZING FAVORITES Favorites can be organized by categorizing web pages, creating folder for each category and then storing web pages into them. In order to organize favorites, follow the steps given below: Click Favorites menu > Organize Favorites. Organize favorites dialog box will appears. In order to organize the webpages, drag the individual webpage to the respective folder. Similarly to delete a favorite, Click on deletebutton.
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Page 18 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT - II INTRODUCTION TO HTML
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML describes the structure of a Web page HTML consists of a series of elements HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content HTML elements are represented by tags
HISTORY OF HTML HTML was created by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991 but was not released officially, which was published in 1995 as HTML 2.0. HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999 and was a major version of HTML.
HTML GENERATIONS HTML 1.0 was released in 1993 with the intention of sharing information which can be readable and accessible via web browsers. But not much of the developers were involved in creating websites. So the language was also not growing. Then comes the HTML 2.0, published in 1995; which contains all the features of HTML 1.0 along with that few additional features; which remained as the standard markup language for designing and creating websites until January 1997 and refined various core features of HTML. Then comes the HTML 3.0, where Dave Raggett who introduced a fresh paper or draft on HTML. It included improved new features of HTML, giving more powerful characteristics for webmasters in designing web pages. But these powerful features of new HTML slowed down the browser in applying further improvements. Then comes the HTML 4.01 which is widely used and was a successful version of HTML before HTML 5.0, which is currently released and used worldwide. HTML 5 can be said for as an extended version of HTML 4.01 which was published in the year 2012.
HTML DOCUMENTS All the web pages will have at least the base elements: html, head, title and body.
element An HTML document will always begin with a tag and will end with .
element The element is the one that comes next.
Page 19 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
The
tag defines the document's body. The element contains all the contents of an HTML document, such as text, hyperlinks, images, tables, lists, etc.The basic elements of an HTML page are:
A text header, denoted using the
, , , , , tags. A paragraph, denoted using the
, , , tags. A paragraph, denoted using the
, tags. A paragraph, denoted using the
tag. A horizontal ruler, denoted using the
tag. A link, denoted using the (anchor) tag. A list, denoted using the
- (unordered list),
- (list element) tags. An image, denoted using the
tag A divider, denoted using the
tag A text span, denoted using the tagAnchor Tag or Hyperlink Anchor Tag or HTML Anchor Tag defines a Hyperlink in html document. A hyperlink links a webpage with other webpages and external pages. A hyperlink can be Internal Link, External Link, Internal Link, Mail Link or telephone link .
In HTML5, an anchor tag can contain both block level and inline level elements. That means, we can write text, image or a div inside anchor tag. Also anchor tag with href is known as hyperlink.
Anchor Tag is a tag used to build hyperlinks. Anchor Tag
Hyperlink means an Anchor Tag with href attribute. Hyperlink is used to link webpages. Hyperlink Tag
HTML Internal Link HTML Internal Link is linked within the same web page. This link can be absolute path or relative path. HTML internal link name is followed by head sign(#). HTML tag is use for anchor point name, which is referred to a internal link into a same page. When click on this anchor link, It's referred link automatically scrolls and display on browser. Example :< a name = “ Lession .1 “Link can be referred as Lession.1 automatically. Example
Lession.1
Lession.2
Lession.3Page 20 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
This is sub topic.1
This is sub topic.2
This is sub topic.3
This is sub topic.4
Introduction of Lession.2This is sub topic.1
This is sub topic.2
This is sub topic.3
This is sub topic.4
Introduction of Lession.3This is sub topic.1
This is sub topic.2
This is sub topic.3
This is sub topic.4
Introduction of Lession.4This is sub topic.1
This is sub topic.2
This is sub topic.3
This is sub topic.4
HEAD AND BODY SECTION An HTML file is divided into two basic sections: the head and the body, each demarcated by their respective tags. Thus, the essential structure of an HTML document looks like this:
...
...
The HEAD Element
Page 21 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 All data in the head section of an HTML document is considered "meta-data", meaning "data about data". The information in this section is not normally displayed directly. Instead elements such as style affect the appearance of other elements in the document. Some items in the head section may be used by programs such as search engines to learn more about the page for reference purposes. The head element should always contain a title element which sets the title commonly displayed by the web browser in the title bar of the window. Here is an example of the use of the title element:
This is the Title There can only be one title in the header section. There may be any number of the following elements inside the head element:
Style Style is used to embed style rules in a document. In most cases, a consistent look across multiple web pages is desired, so style is specified in a separate stylesheet file, linked using the link element. Thus, style is used in the head when the style applies to this page only.
Link Link is used to link the page to various external files, such as a style sheet or the location of the RSS feed for the page. The type of link is set using the real attribute. The typeattribute specifies the MIME type of the document found at the location given by the href attribute. This allows the browser to ignore links to MIME types it does not support.
Examples:
Script Script is used to link to an external Javascript file or to embed Javascript in the page. Linking to an external file is the preferred technique in real web pages though many examples embed the script for simplicity.
Meta Meta is used to set additional meta-data properties for the HTML document, such as related keywords, etc. Examples:
The Title Element:
Page 22 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 The title element contains your document title and identifies its contents in a global context. The title is typically displayed in the title bar at the top of the browser's window.It is also displayed on the bookmark list of the browser.Title is also used to identify your page for search engines.
Example:
Some Amazing Web Page The Body Element: Unlike the head element, any plain text placed between the tags will be displayed on the web page by the browser....
Page 23 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT - III DESIGNING TABLES DESIGNING BODY SECTION: The BODY tag encapsulates your document content. Prior to HTML 3.2, there were no attributes for the BODY element. HTML 3.2 includes attributes first developed by Netscape for its Navigator browser. These attributes allow you to control the overall appearance of the document by specifying a background color or background image (BGCOLOR, BACKGROUND), and the color of text, links, visited and activated links (TEXT, LINK, VLINK, ALINK). You can specify the color values as RGB value pairs in hexadecimal notation (e.g.. white would be "#FFFFFF") or use one of the sixteen color names HTML 3.2-conformant browsers understand:
aqua gray navy silver
black green olive teal
blue lime purple white
fuschia maroon red yellow
Here are some BODY attribute usage examples:
public class Hello { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello"); } }public class Hello { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello"); } }Without the
tag, the entire program will be shown in one single line. Quote
...
Function: Mark out a block of quote. Browsers typically indent the entire block to the rightOrdered And Unordered Lists HTML lists are used to present list of information in well-formed and semantic way. There are three different types of list in HTML and each one has a specific purpose and meaning: Unordered list — used to group a set of related items, in no particular order. Ordered list — used to group a set of related items, in a specific order. Description list — used to display a list of terms and their descriptions.
Note: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, etc. You can also place an entire list inside a list item to create nested list.
Page 26 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 HTML Unordered Lists An unordered list created using the
- tag, and each list item starts with the
- tag. The list items in unordered lists are marked with bullets (small black circles), by default. Example Try this code »
- Chocolate Cake
- Black Forest Cake
- Pineapple Cake
HTML Ordered Lists An ordered list, created using the
- tag, and each list item starts with the
- tag. Ordered list contain information where order should be emphasized.
The list items in ordered lists are marked with numbers.
- Mix ingredients
- Bake in oven for an hour
- Allow to stand for ten minutes
TYPE ATTRIBUTE:
- Coffee
- Tea
- Black tea
- Green tea
- Milk
- Develop programs related with unit vice topics in computer laboratory.
- Develop any module of to be useful in real life application.
- Multimedia presentation of module developed by students.
- ASP Tutorial - W3Schools
www.w3schools.com/asp - Classic ASP Tutorials& Articles - Web Wiz
www.webwiz.co.uk Knowledgebase - HTML Tutorial - W3Schools
www.w3schools.com/html - CSS Tutorial
www.csstutorial.net - VBScript Tutorial - Tutorials Point
Page 50 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 href=" ://www.tutorialspoint.com/vbscript/index.htm"> www.tutorialspoint.com/vbscript/index.htm
- ADO Tutorial - W3Schools
www.w3schools.com/ADO/default.asp - HTML
- Hyper Text Markup Language
- XML
- eXtensible Markup Language
Value Description
1 Default. Decimal numbers (1, 2, 3, 4) a Alphabetically ordered list, lowercase (a, b, c, d)
A Alphabetically ordered list, uppercase (A, B, C, D) i Roman numbers, lowercase (i, ii, iii, iv)
I Roman numbers, uppercase (I, II, III, IV)
NESTED LIST:
A list inside a list is called nested list.
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A list inside a list:
The output will be,
A list inside a list: Coffee Tea Black tea Green tea Milk
TABLE HANDLING The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells.
The HTML tables are created using the
tag in which the
tag is used to create table rows and tag is used to create data cells. The elements under are regular and left aligned by default Example
HTML Tables Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2 Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2 Page 28 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Here, the border is an attribute of
tag and it is used to put a border across all the cells. If you do not need a border, then you can use border = "0".
Table Heading Table heading can be defined using
tag. This tag will be put to replace tag, which is used to represent actual data cell. Normally you will put your top row as table heading as shown below, otherwise you can use element in any row. Headings, which are defined in tag are centered and bold by default. Example
HTML Table Header Name Salary Ramesh Raman 5000 Shabbir Hussein 7000 Colspan and Rowspan Attributes You will use colspan attribute if you want to merge two or more columns into a single column. Similar way you will use rowspan if you want to merge two or more rows.
Example
HTML Table Colspan/Rowspan Page 29 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Row 1 Cell 2 Row 1 Cell 3 Row 2 Cell 2 Row 2 Cell 3 Table Backgrounds: You can set table background using one of the following two ways −
bgcolor attribute − You can set background color for whole table or just for one cell. background attribute − You can set background image for whole table or just for one cell. You can also set border color also using bordercolor attribute. Note − The bgcolor, background, and bordercolor attributes deprecated in HTML5. Do not use these attributes. Example
HTML Table Background Column 1 Column 2 Page 30 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Column 3 Row 1 Cell 2 Row 1 Cell 3 Row 2 Cell 2 Row 2 Cell 3 Table Height and Width: You can set a table width and height using width and height attributes. You can specify table width or height in terms of pixels or in terms of percentage of available screen area.
HTML Table Width/Height Row 1, Column 1 Row 1, Column 2 Row 2, Column 1 Row 2, Column 2 Page 31 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Table Caption The caption tag will serve as a title or explanation for the table and it shows up at the top of the table.
HTML Table Caption This is the caption row 1, column 1 row 1, columnn 2 row 2, column 1 row 2, columnn 2 Page 32 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT - IV INTRODUCTIN TO DHTML DHTML is not a language but a term used to describe the way of making dynamic and interactive web pages. It is a combination of HTML, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and Document Object Model (DOM). Dynamic content is added to static HTML pages using scripts and styles. DHTML uses client side scripting languages like JavaScript to change the static attributes of a HTML page to generate a dynamic effect. This means all DHTML effects achieved are after loading of content on a page without interacting with server again.
Features of DHTML: Simplest feature is making the page dynamic. Can be used to create animations, games, applications, provide new ways of navigating through web sites. DHTML use low-bandwidth effect which enhance web page functionality. Dynamic building of web pages is simple as no plug-in is required. Facilitates the usage of events, methods and properties and code reuse. Advantages of DHTML There are many advantages of using DHTML especially when the content is to be modified dynamically. DHTML supports adding styles to static content in various manners. It is dynamic so it can be changed even during the run time execution. Webmasters are often limited to use default fonts such as Arial or Times Roman. DHTML allows downloadable fonts which make the web pages looking more attractive. DHTML page is also saved as an .html file.
Examples of DHTML Here is an example of a flip image displayed using HTML image tag and flipped horizontally using CSS to display a text behind the image.
STYLE SHEETS: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) describe how documents are presented on screens, in print, or perhaps how they are pronounced. W3C has actively promoted the use of style sheets on the Web since the consortium was founded in 1994. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) provide easy and effective alternatives to specify various attributes for the HTML tags. Using CSS, you can specify a number of style properties for a
Page 33 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 given HTML element. Each property has a name and a value, separated by a colon (:). Each property declaration is separated by a semi-colon (;). Example First let's consider an example of HTML document which makes use of tag and associated attributes to specify text color and font size −
Note:- The font tag deprecated and it is supposed to be removed in a future version of HTML. So they should not be used rather, it's suggested to use CSS styles to manipulate your fonts. But still for learning purpose, this chapter will work with an example using the font tag.
HTML CSS HTML CSS You can use CSS in three ways in your HTML document External Style Sheet − Define style sheet rules in a separate .css file and then include that file in your HTML document using HTML tag. Internal Style Sheet using
Inline Style Sheet You can apply style sheet rules directly to any HTML element using styleattribute of the relevant tag. This should be done only when you are interested to make a particular change in any HTML element only. Rules defined inline with the element overrides the rules defined in an external CSS file as well as the rules defined in
The remaining HTML elements are contained within these tags. PRACTICAL 2 Create a static webpage using table tags of HTML
OUTPUTSpecification Table with Hours and Marks Unit No. Unit Title Teaching Hours Distribution of Theory Marks R Level U Level A Level Total Marks I Introduction to Internet Technology 2 4 4 0 Page 45 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
8 II Basics of HTML & CSS 6 0 2 6 8 III Active Server Pages 3.0 6 4 8 0 12 IV Server Side Coding with VBScript and XML 8 2 4 8 14 V ASP Objects & Components 10 4 Page 46 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
4 6 14 VI Accessing database with ASP & ADO 10 4 4 6 14 Total 42 18 26 26 70 PRACTICAL - 3
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Create a static web page which defines all text formatting tags of HTML in tabular format
PRACTICAL - 4 Create webpage using list tags of HTML HTML List: Ordered, Unordered & Definition ListText Formatting Tags
HTML Tag Output normal text hello world Font & its attributes hello world <B> Bold <I> Italic <U> Underline <EM> Page 48 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
Emphasis <STRONG> STRONG <TELETYPE> TELETYPE <CITE> Citation <STRIKE> strike-through text<BIG> text in a big font <SMALL> text in a small font <SUB> a b Page 49 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
<SUP> a b
Following is the list of proposed student activities like:
List of Software/Learning Websites
PRACTICAL - 5 Create webpage to include image using HTML tag
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PRACTICAL –6
Create employee registration webpage using HTML form objects
Employee Registration Form Page 53 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2019-2020
OUTPUT
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- tag. The list items in unordered lists are marked with bullets (small black circles), by default. Example Try this code »
- (ordered list) and