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Introduction to Internet with HTML

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Introduction to Internet with HTML STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT CONTENT PAGE Nr I INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET 02 II INTRODUCTION TO HTML 19 III DESIGNING TABLES 24 IV INTRODUCTIN TO DHTML 33 V FRAMES 38 Page 1 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 UNIT - I INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET COMPUTER IN BUSINESS: Computer-based business applications were called Business Data Processing Systems(BDPS) and COBOLwas largely used to design them. But in COBOL, even a simple program has very lengthy codes. After, people felt the need for a more flexible and simple system that would maintain data files and support easy programming. So DBMS was developed for managing data files.Dbase was the first popular DBMS. New technology called Graphical User Inter-face(GUI) was introduced for designing programs. GUI divides a program into two parts.One part is for managing the data file and the other to design pictures and icons to get input from the user. NETWORKING: A network is a number of computers connected to each other. A type of network where all users connect to a central server, which is the acting agent for all communications. This server would store both the communications and the user account information. Most public instant messaging platforms use a centralized network.Alsocalled centralized server- structure. INTERNET: Internet is the world’s largest network of computer networks. HISTORY: The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense. Arpanet adopted the Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP)in1983 and separated out the military network (MILnet), assigning a subset for public research. Launched formally as the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1985, engineers designed it to connect university computer science departments across the USARPAnet adopted the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)in1983 and separated out the military network (MILnet), assigning a subset for public research. The Internet is a global network of networks that enables computers of all kinds to directly and transparently communicate and share services throughout the world. In 1969 the precursor of Internet is born: ARPAnet. Page 2 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 ARPA = Advanced Research Projects Agency sponsored by the American Department of Defense (DOD).Designed to connect military research centers.Distributed computer system able to survive a nuclear attack Problem: ARPAnet could connect only networks of the same type. In 1970, ARPA starts developing the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), a technology for connecting networks of different types (produced by different companies) Other networks appear, such as CSNET and BITNET. The Internet = a network of networks. People around the world share ideas, information, comments, and stories. E-mail E-mail (electronic mail) is the most popularservice. You can send and receive mail (electronic text), faster and cheaper than surfacemail. Example email addresses: [email protected] Web browsing to find information. Example: www.gpcet.ac.in Features of the Internet Mailinglists: You can subscribe to lists on various subjects to receive emails, you can post (send) messages, you can unsubscribe. Some lists are moderated. Newsgroups are collections of messages on varioussubjects FTP (File Transfer Protocol). You can copy files from one computer to another over the internet. Telnet or remote login. Permits your computer to log onto another computer and use it as if you were there. You need to provide your username and password, for security reasons. Chatrooms: You can exchange messages with other people, anonymously (using a nickname). GOPHER For many people, the World Wide Web is synonymous with the Internet. While the HTTP protocol dominates the modern internet, many protocols obsolete, obscure and well known make up the Internet. One of the more stubborn protocols is Gopher. Introduced in 1991 (the same year as HTTP), Gopher, like the web, is document-centric. By about 1990, information on the internet was expanding rapidly enough that it needed more organization and a better search capability. In 1991 researchers at the University of Minnesota developed the Gopher protocol in an attempt to provide some of that organization. Gopher provides a hierarchical text-based menu system to organize the contents of a data repository. Page 3 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Soon after, the search capability came in the form of a new search engine called Veronica. It used a dynamically updated database of every file and every hierarchy on every Gopher server on the internet. Veronica was eventually joined by an alternative search tool named Jughead. Jughead differed from Veronica in that it did not use a large and expanding database, but on the other hand you had to specify which Gopher server you wanted to search. Clearly there was a problem with scaling here, and that is part of what led to Gopher’s eventual decline as the internet kept expanding. Other threats came from the sheer versatility of HTML and HTTP, the rise of universal text-based searching, and the eventual decision by the University of Minnesota to charge licensing fees for the use of their software. Gopher was wildly popular for a few years, but by about 1996 it had fallen far behind the new browser- based web. WORLD WIDE WEB(WWW) WWW is a collection of pages maintained on the internet using a technique called hyper-text. The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics, animations, audios or videos) on almost any subject. Even though the Internet was developed more than three decades ago, the introduction of the World Wide Web is a relatively recent event. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics) developed the World Wide Web and several communication protocols that form the backbone of the Web. The Internet and the World Wide Web surely will be listed among the most important and profound creations of humankind. Inthe past, most computer applications executed on “stand-alone” computers (i.e., computers that were not connected to one another) HYPER-TEXT Hypertext is text that links to other information. By clicking on a link in a hypertext document, a user can quickly jump to different content. Therefore, in a hypertext system it is possible to: link with a term that represents aspects of the content of a document connect two related documents relate a term to a fragment containing its definition and use link two related terms INTRODUCTION TO WEB BROWSER AND SEARCH ENGINES WEB BROWSER:- It is used to retrieve and transverse information across the World Wide Web. Page 4 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 It basically allows user to access and retrieve and view documents and other resources on the internet. EX:- GoogleCrome, Opera Mini etc All major web browsers allows user to open multiple pages at the same time in one window or in different windows. They also include pop up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from popping up without users consent. Most browser functions can be extended by installing different plugins. Some of the common user interface in a web browser is the refresh button, forward and back button, refresh button as well as the status and address bar. SEARCH ENGINES: They are programs used to search documents with specified keywords and returns list of documents with the keywords. Some of the search engine are Google, Bing and yahoo that enables user to search documents on the World Wide Web. WORKING OF A SEARCH ENGINE:- A spider is sent out by the search engine to fetch as many documents as possible. Then the indexer reads these documents and creates an index based on the words found. They also use an algorithm to return only the meaningful result for each query. Internet Technologies: Modem Modem is abbreviation for Modulator – Demodulator and is used for data transfer from one computer network to another computer network through telephone lines. The computer network works in digital mode, while analog technology is used for carrying massages across phone lines. Page 5 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 Internet Addressing A way to locate people, computers, and Internet resources. It can be IP (Internet Protocol) addresses and domain names Electronic mail addresses URLs Internet Service Providers (ISP) Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company offering access to internet. They offer various services: Internet Access Domain name registration Dial-up access Leased line access ISP Types ISPs can broadly be classified into six categories as shown in the following diagram: ACCESS PROVIDERS They provide access to internet through telephone lines, cable wi-fi or fiber optics. MAILBOX PROVIDER Such providers offer mailbox hosting services. HOSTING ISPS Hosting ISPs offers e-mail, and other web hosting services such as virtual machines, clouds etc. Page 6 of 54 STUDY MATERIAL FOR BCA INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET SEMESTER - V, ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021 VIRTUAL ISPS Such ISPs offer internet access via other ISP services. FREE ISPS Free ISPs do not charge for internet services. Connection Types There exist several ways to connect to the internet. Following are these connection types available: 1. Dial-up Connection 2. ISDN 3. DSL 4. Cable TV Internet connections 5. Satellite Internet connections 6. Wireless Internet Connections 7. Dial-up Connection Dial-up connection uses telephone line to connect PC to the internet.
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