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Tecnologias Da Informação E Comunicação

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Tecnologias Da Informação E Comunicação Referências: Guia da Exposição "Memórias das Tecnologias e dos Sistemas de Informação" www.memtsi.dsi.uminho.pt Colecção: memTSI, DSI e Alfamicro http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv Departamento de Sistemas de Informação da UM www.memtsi.dsi.uminho.pt http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv || Sinclair ZX81 || Sinclair ZX SPECTRUM || TIMEX 1500 || TIMEX TC 2068 Máquina lançada em 1981, Lançado em 1982, foi um O Timex 1500 foi criado em O Timex TC 2068 foi TECNOLOGIAS com 1K de memória (max dos maiores sucessos Julho de 1983 e era desenvolvido no final de 16K), sem som e sem cor. comerciais no mercado dos basicamente um sinclair 1983 com um processador “home computers”, Z81 com 16KB de RAM Z80A a 3,5 Mhz. DA INFORMAÇÃO desenhado e comercializado incorporada com Dispunha de 48KB de por uma empresa do Reino possibilidade de expansão memória RAM e 16KB de E COMUNICAÇÃO Unido (Sinclair) por poucas até 64KB. memória ROM. TIC dezenas de contos (o preço Tinha um processador Dispunha de conectores de lançamento foi £129.95 ZILOG Z80A que funcionava para monitor, joystick, no Reino Unido). a uma velocidade de 3,5Mhz. leitor/gravador de casetes, Descendente directo do A imagem em ecrã era a 2 porta de expansão e ZX81, incorporou cor e som. cores com uma resolução televisão, usando um sinal Configuração completa com de 64x44. PAL. impressora térmica Sinclair Em modo de texto permitia Tinha uma resolução de 2040 e um gravador áudio 32 colunas e 24 linhas. 256x192 píxeis e permitia (periférico de arquivo) e Não dispunha de som. fazer 32 colunas de texto televisão (monitor). por 24 linhas. Foram produzidos mais de 700.000 exemplares. TIC || TIMEX COMPUTER 2048 || TIMEX FDD 3000 || SINCLAIR ZX SPECTRUM +2 || SINCLAIR Z88 Clone do ZX Spectrum 16K Em 1985 a Timex Portugal Apresentado em 1986, o Lançado em 1988, já depois da Sinclair (introduzido em lança o FDD-3000, uma Spectrum +2 foi o primeiro da Amstrad comprar a linha 1982 no mercado europeu), máquina “all-in-one”. Podia sinclair produzido pela Sinclair. produzido em Portugal pela também ser usado como Amstrad após a empresa Esta máquina era portátil, Timex Corporation, na unidade de disquetes para comprar os direitos sobre os tinha um ecrã de cristais fábrica da Costa da o ZX Spectrum e para o produtos sinclair. Esta líquidos e funcionava com Caparica. TC2048 ou 2068. Utilizava máquina foi inspirada no pilhas. O modelo não chegou a ser um processador Z80, 64k Amstrad CPC-464. lançado nos USA (com o de memória RAM, 2 portas Tinha o gravador de nome de Timex Sinclair de série e 2 drives de cassetes incorporado e um 2048) em 1983, mas foi disquetes de 3’’. teclado de qualidade. A depois lançado em Portugal Esta máquina vendeu mais placa de som era a Yamaha em 1984 (com ligação a de 200.000 unidades. AY-3-8912, muito popular televisores PAL e não NTSC) Em alternativa, o FDD 3000 nessa época. Esta máquina com o nome Timex podia ser utilizado com o tinha 2 interpretadores de Computer 2048. Foram timex terminal 3000 (em BASIC: o 48k BASIC também exportados para a exposição). compatível com o ZX Polónia (onde depois foram Spectrum original e o 128k fabricados – clones do BASIC. clone). LIVROS memTSI || IBM 1401 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM Disponíveis no site do projecto. Sistema anunciado em 5 de Outubro de 1959 e retirado do mercado em www.memtsi.dsi.uminho.pt 8 de Fevereiro de 1971. Sistema baseado em tecnologia electrónica de segunda geração (transístores) e vocacionado para aplicações administrativas de empresas não necessariamente muito grandes. Foi a máquina desta altura que atingiu maiores volumes de unidades Memórias das Tecnologias e dos Sistemas de Informação em Portugal instaladas (vários milhares). No ano 2000 ainda existiam aplicações Eduardo Beira e Manuel Heitor (eds) desenvolvidas para máquinas deste tipo a funcionar por emulação noutras máquinas. É habitualmente considerado o modelo T dos computadores Protagonistas das Tecnologias de Informação em Portugal: (por analogia com o Ford T nos automóveis). uma colecção de testemunhos Entrada de dados baseada em cartões perfurados, usava facilmente Eduardo Beira unidades de banda e mesmo discos (os IBM 1405). Em Portugal terão sido instalados 4 ou 5 sistemas deste tipo, dos quais Guia da Exposição "Memórias das Tecnologias e dos Sistemas de Informação" vários (três?) nos Serviços Mecanográficos do Exército, um dos quais Ana Prudente, Eduardo Beira e Ricardo Fernandes operava em Angola (Luanda). Estes foram os computadores que suportaram o esforço da guerra colonial até ao 25 de Abril de 1974. O ofício do Comandante desta unidade, que formaliza a cedência gratuita ao MNCT, diz que “com o evoluir da tecnologia electrónica, mostra-se este sistema completamente ultrapassado, tendo em vista os objectivos da utilização de um computador, no âmbito do ensino desta escola, pelo que deixou de ser utilizado” (17 de Outubro de 1979) Referências: Guia da Exposição "Memórias das Tecnologias e dos Sistemas de Informação" Colecção: Museu Nacional da Ciência e da Técnica Doutor Mário Silva (Coimbra) || CENTRAL STROWGER IBM 026 IBM 729 IV IBM 1403 printer IBM 1402 card read/punch IBM 1401 processing unit Inventada Almon Strowger em Kansas City, 1888. IBM 026 printing card As IBM 729 IV magnetic tape units são peças As impressoras 1403 foram um Unidade de leitura e perfuração de cartões, A memória podia ir até 4k palavras de 8 bits. A IBM anunciou É um selector automático de comutação telefónica que punch é uma máquina de de 1958. Estas unidades de banda magnética marco na tecnologia de impressão o que podia fazer em simultâneo. Os dados a máquina com as opções de 1400, 2000 e 4000 posições substituía o trabalho da telefonista. perfurar cartões, capaz de eram típicas dos sistemas IBM 700 e 7000, a por impacto de cadeias a alta e os programas podiam ser perfurados de memória. O processador era capaz de fazer 193 mil O selector funcionava com um mecanismo electromecânico imprimir os dados no topo linha de topo de computadores da IBM nos anos velocidade, tendo sido as primeiras em cartões e lidos por esta unidade, a adições (de números de oito dígitos) ou 25 mil multiplicações e sobreviveu até à actualidade com a introdução de alguns do cartão. Lançada em 60, mas podiam também funcionar em a ser comercializadas com uma uma velocidade de 800 cartões por (de um numero de seis dígitos por um número de quatro aperfeiçoamentos. Julho de 1949. configurações do 1401, que suportava até 6 velocidade de 600 linhas por minuto. Os resultados (output) podiam dígitos) por minuto (não por segundo!). Esta invenção permitiu inaugurar a primeira Central Permitia o uso de um unidades de banda deste tipo. A tecnologia era minuto. também sair na forma de cartões Inicialmente apenas programável em AutoCode, foi a primeira Telefónica Automática em 1892, conectando 100 assinantes "cartão de programação" baseada em transístores. A impressora continha uma perfurados, ficando a velocidade de máquina a usar RPG (report program generator) e depois da localidade de La Porte nos Estado de Indiana nos U.S.A. para formatar ("programar") corrente semelhante a uma perfuração nos 250 cartões por minuto. chegou a poder correr FORTRAN. Permitia o processamento Na Europa, a primeira Central Telefónica Automática foi e facilitar a digitação. Um corrente de bicicleta que se Esta unidade permitia ainda fazer a de dados numéricos e alfabéticos. instalada em Berlim pela Siemens no ano de 1908 operador experiente fazia deslocava horizontalmente separação (“sorting”) de cartões que Esta unidade controlava o sistema do IBM 1400 interpretando conectando 400 assinantes. mais de 200 cartões por formando a linha a ser impressa. podiam ser retirados com a máquina em os programas armazenados. Executava os cálculos aritméticos Em Portugal a primeira Central Telefónica Automática foi hora. O impacto era feito por 132 funcionamento. e funções lógicas, controlava a leitura e perfuração de cartões, inaugurada na Trindade, em Lisboa, a 30 de Agosto de No entanto era famoso o martelos electrónicos que a leitura e gravação de dados na banda magnética e 1930. barulho "horroroso" que as pressionavam o papel contra os transmitia à impressora os dados a imprimir indicando a As centrais Strowger utilizavam um sistema de unisselectores máquinas faziam. caracteres provocando a forma de impressão desses dados. O IBM 1401 formatava e selectores, activados pelo impulso dado pela marcação O modelo 026 foi depois impressão. A corrente assegurava automaticamente o espaçamento e a pontuação da dos dígitos. A este sistema deu-se o nome de substituído em meados dos o alinhamento dos caracteres impressão. “passo–a–passo”, pelo funcionamento cadenciado dos seus anos 60 pelo modelo 029, impressos e reduzia os conjuntos componentes na realização de uma chamada automática. depois de se terem vendido de caracteres necessários. A expansão das Redes Telefónicas não cessou: em 1915 imensas quantidades do foi realizada a primeira comunicação telefónica 026 nos anos 50 e 60. transcontinental entre New York e San Francisco e em 1928 foi inaugurado um serviço transatlântico entre New York e London. Referências: Museu Virtual de Informática e Fundação Portugal Telecom Colecção: Fundação Portuguesa de Comunicações www.memtsi.dsi.uminho.pt http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv.
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