1 PAX CHRISTI • CHORALE A X C H P R I S

T David Bowser October 29, 2017 3:00 p.m.

I

• Artistic Director Grace Church on-the-Hill C H E O R A L

Romantic Masters Pax Christi Chorale with Monica Whicher, Krisztina Szabó, Isaiah Bell, Brett Polegato, Asher Ian Armstrong, and the Toronto Mozart Players 2 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Our New Season It is my enormous pleasure to welcome you to Romantic Masters, the first of three programmes in Pax Christi Chorale’s 2017–18 season.

This afternoon’s concert opens with the greatest oratorios ever com- two a cappella works by Anton posed, Franz Joseph Haydn’s Die Bruckner, followed by his glorious Schöpfung, or The Creation. In our Te Deum. You will also hear Johannes performance, Haydn's marvelous Brahms’s choral masterpiece musical depictions of light, stars, Schicksalslied, or Song of Destiny, oceans and mountains, weather, and to end the concert, Ludwig van plants, animals and birds, and all Beethoven’s Choral Fantasy, with other creatures will be enlivened outstanding concert pianist Asher Ian by a live video projection designed Armstrong as guest soloist. and executed in real time by Sandy Rossignol. The Creation is as cap- Our second programme, with con- tivating and moving to modern certs on December 16 and 17, 2017, is audiences as it was in 1798 as we of great French choral works, begin- seek new relevance in this rich ning with Francis Poulenc’s festive masterwork. Gloria. I find it a uniquely joyful work, alternating exuberance and seren- I look forward to sharing this beauti- ity. Four Motets by Maurice Duruflé; ful concert programme with you this Cantique de Jean Racine by Gabriel afternoon, and hope you will continue Fauré; and old Christmas carols from to enjoy and experience the entire Québec and France, complete this season with Pax Christi Chorale. sparkling programme. With warmest wishes, The final concert of the season, on April 28, 2018, offers one of 3 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE • A X C H P R I S

T

I David Bowser • Artistic Director C H E O R A L Romantic Masters Pax Christi Chorale Toronto Mozart Players David Bowser, Conductor

Locus Iste Anton Bruckner Ave Maria (1824–1896) Pax Christi Chamber Choir

Te Deum Anton Bruckner Monica Whicher, soprano Isaiah Bell, tenor Krisztina Szabó, mezzo-soprano Brett Polegato, baritone

INTERMISSION

Schicksalslied Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)

Choral Fantasy in Ludwig van Beethoven C minor, op. 80 (1770–1827) Monica Whicher, soprano Ryan Downey, tenor Allison Walmsley, soprano Brett Polegato, baritone Krisztina Szabó, mezzo-soprano Asher Ian Armstrong, piano Isaiah Bell, tenor

Please join us in the Parish Hall for a light reception after the concert. Meet Artistic Director David Bowser, soloists, and choir members. 4 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Our Artists

Scotia Opera. David has conducted the National Arts Centre Orchestra in Ottawa, the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra, the Waterloo Chamber Players, the Hart House Orchestra, the Cathedral Bluffs Symphony Orchestra, DAVID BOWSER, the National Youth Orchestra, and has ARTISTIC DIRECTOR performed at the Nassau City Opera David Bowser is Artistic Director and in the Bahamas, and the Flanders Conductor of Pax Christi Chorale and Music Festival in Belgium. the Toronto Mozart Players. He is Founder and Artistic Director of the David earned his Doctor of Musical Mozart Project and Music Director Arts at the University of Toronto of the Oakville Choral Society. He is specializing in eighteenth-cen- an active guest conductor, composer, tury string and vocal performance university instructor and vocal coach. practices. He holds a Master of Music degree in composition from David has conducted music for ballet, the University of Toronto and a opera, film, television and the concert Diplôme d'études supérieures II stage, and has performed in Canada, (Master’s degree) in conducting the United States, Belgium, France, from the Conservatoire de Musique Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Slovakia and in Montreal. His vocal training with the Czech Republic. He has been esteemed pedagogue Marie Daveluy music director of the Thunder Bay inspired a life-long passion for the Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, the voice. He studied orchestral and Brantford Symphony Orchestra, the operatic conducting with Leopold North York Concert Orchestra and Hager at the Hochschule für Musik the Hart House Chorus. He has also und Darstellende Kunst in Vienna served as resident conductor of the and with Gianluigi Gelmetti at the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec Accademia Chigiana in Siena, Italy. and assistant conductor of the Nova 5 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

been the recipient of the Emerging Artist grant from Canada Council, and was honoured by her home town of Mississauga with a star on the Music Walk of Fame in its inaugural year. Ms

MONICA WHICHER, SOPRANO Szabó’s performances with Pax Christi Chorale include Elgar’s The Kingdom Style and musical elegance are in 2012, and The Apostles in 2017. the hallmarks of soprano Monica Whicher's performances on the con- cert and opera stage. Appearances with Orchestre symphonique de Montréal, Houston’s Mercury Baroque, Toronto Symphony, Cleveland Opera, the Canadian Opera Company, and the National Arts Centre Orchestra ISAIAH BELL, TENOR include repertoire ranging from Bach Canadian-American tenor Isaiah to Britten. Winner of the George Bell has performed with all London Prize, recordings and CDs of Canada’s major orchestras. include the Juno-award winning Internationally, he has sung with “Beethoven Lives Upstairs”, “Mozart’s the Aldeburgh and Edinburgh Magic Fantasy”, and the art songs of Festivals (Britten’s Owen Wingrave), Ukrainian composers Mykola Lysenko l'Opéra-Théâtre de Metz in and Yakiv Stepovyi. Ms. Whicher is on France (Lysander in A Midsummer the faculty of both the Glenn Gould Night's Dream ), Lincoln Center’s School (Royal Conservatory of Music, Mostly Mozart Festival (Acis and Toronto) and the University of Toronto. Galatea), and Nicholas McGegan’s Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra in San Francisco. This season, Isaiah performs with the Canadian Opera Company (Arabella), the Nashville Symphony (The Creation, conducted by Nicholas McGegan), Opera Atelier (Monteverdi’s Il KRISZTINA SZABÓ, MEZZO-SOPRANO ritorno d’Ulisse in patria), the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra (Messiah), Hungarian-Canadian mezzo-soprano and the Seattle Symphony Krisztina Szabó exemplifies today’s (Beethoven’s Symphony no. 9). modern singer: She is vocally ver- Mr. Bell appears on the 2015 satile, possesses excellent stage recording of Honegger/Ibert’s prowess, and paints vivid character L’Aiglon with the Montreal portraits. She sings frequently at Symphony, & Kent Nagano. the Canadian Opera Company, has 6 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

in Michigan and the Indian Springs Academy of Music in Cincinnati. Currently, he is a lecturer at the U of T, where he teaches applied piano and piano literature. Recently Asher

BRETT POLEGATO, BARITONE published an essay in Cambridge University Press’s journal Tempo. Brett Polegato's artistic sensibility has earned him the highest praise from audiences and critics: “his is a serious and seductive voice” says The Globe and Mail, and The New York Times has praised his “burnished, well-focused voice.” Equally at ease on the concert and recital stages, ALLISON WALMSLEY, SOPRANO Mr. Polegato made his Carnegie Hall Hailing from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, recital debut at Weill Recital Hall in Allison completed a Bachelor’s degree May 2003. He finished first among in voice performance at the U of S. the men at the 1995 Cardiff Singer Allison won the Gordon Wallis Opera, of the World Competition. In April and the CFMTA Young Artist compe- 2017, Mr. Polegato performed The titions before moving to Ontario and Apostles with Pax Christi Chorale. pursuing a career as an opera singer. Recent roles include Mozart’s Queen of the Night, Morgana in AEDO’s Alcina, Nanetta in WUO's Falstaff, and Cat in Saskatoon Opera’s The Bremen Town Musicians. Allison has been both chorister and soloist in several choirs including the London Pro Musica Choir, ASHER IAN ARMSTRONG, PIANO St. George Anglican Church Choir, A native of Knoxville, Tennessee, Asher Arcady Ensemble, Greystone Singers, Ian Armstrong grew up in a music-lov- and the U of S Chorus. A graduate of a ing family. He completed a Masters in Masters Degree in Voice Performance performance at Cincinnati College- from Western University, Allison is Conservatory of Music, and DMA with delighted to be joining Pax Christi Marietta Orlov at the University of Chorale as a Vocal Lead, and soloist Toronto. In addition, Asher studied in the Romantic Masters program. at the Ian Tomlin School of Music in Upcoming engagements include Edinburgh, with Nicholas Ashton. A Handel’s Messiah with Regina soloist, recitalist, and collaborator in Symphony Orchestra and the Bach Canada and in the US, he is equally Magnificatwith Saskatoon active as an educator and has taught Symphony Orchestra. at the Interlochen School of the Arts 7 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

and musical theatre. Through his career Daniel has collaborated with dance, visual and musical artists in large and chamber ensembles to perform both scripted and improvi-

RYAN DOWNEY, TENOR satory compositions. He has also coached musicians across numerous Newfoundland tenor Ryan Downey instruments in interpretation and has sung with opera companies and performance. Mr. Norman performs symphonies across the country and regularly as an organ soloist and has been critically acclaimed for his enjoys featuring works of varying “nimbleness of voice” (Bachtrack) time periods and dialects. He has and “clear intention and charac- an undergraduate degree in Music ter” (Schmopera). Ryan is an eager Composition from the University concert artist; recent and upcoming of Western Ontario and a graduate engagements include Beethoven’s degree in Performance from the 9th Symphony with the Windsor University of Toronto. In addition Symphony, Handel’s Messiah with to his work as a freelance artist, Mr. the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, Norman currently holds directorships Mozart’s Requiem, Orff’s Carmina with Church of the Redeemer and Burana, as well as excerpts from the Convent of St. John the Divine. Robert Nathaniel Dett’s The Ordering of Moses, Puccini’s Messa di Gloria, Rossini’s Stabat Mater, Bach’s Magnificat, and Mendelssohn’s Elijah.

CHRISTINA FAYE, PIANIST Christina is an accomplished pianist making her home in Toronto. Originally from Thunder Bay, Christina discov- DANIEL NORMAN, ASSOCIATE CONDUCTOR ered her love for the collaborative arts at the age of nine when she Sought after for his musical sensitiv- began playing for a children’s chorus. ity and versatility, Daniel Norman has She holds a Bachelor of Music from been an active conductor, keyboard- Brandon University and a Masters from ist and collaborative artist for over the Eastman School of Music. Christina a decade. He has directed an array is the music director at Donway of choirs, orchestras and chamber CovenantUnited and works with a ensembles in North America and number of choirs, including Pax Christi Europe, performing in a range of Chorale, Canadian Children’s Opera genres including classical, operetta Company, Nathaniel Dett Chorale, and 8 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE for the Toronto Mendelssohn Choir’s Toronto Mozart Players perform ‘Singsation’ series. Christina frequently at Church of the Redeemer in the performs with instrumentalists, small Bloor St. Cultural Corridor. Concert ensembles and as a soloist, and has programs offer variety and include toured across North America and chamber, orchestral, vocal and choral Great Britain. works. The Toronto Mozart Players have welcomed outstanding guest artists such as soprano Nathalie Paulin and trumpeter Andrew McCandless and have partnered with the Hart House Chorus and the Cantabile Chamber Choir.

THE TORONTO During the 2017–18 concert season MOZART PLAYERS the Toronto Mozart Players will The Toronto Mozart Players are com- perform a chamber orchestra ver- posed of professional solo, chamber sion of Gustav Mahler’s Songs from and orchestral musicians dedicated Des Knaben Wunderhorn in col- to performance of the highest calibre. laboration with soprano Nathalie Specializing in the music of Mozart Paulin. The Toronto Mozart Players and his contemporaries, the Toronto will be featured in chamber and Mozart Players perform a varied orchestral works during the repertoire from the early eighteenth Toronto Mozart Festival in January century to the twenty-first century 2018 and will welcome the Pax under the direction of David Bowser. Christi Chamber Choir to perform With commitment to Canadian rep- Mozart’s “Coronation” Mass. The ertoire and commissioned works by Toronto Mozart Players will also Canadian composers, the Toronto perform with Pax Christi Chorale Mozart Players present world pre- on April 28, 2017, at Grace Church mieres along with classical repertoire. on-the-Hill.

A Word of Thanks to Our Concert Sponsor This afternoon, Asher Ian Armstrong is performing on a concert grand piano, generously sponsored by Yamaha Canada. 9 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

PAX CHRISTI CHORALE Pax Christi Chorale is a vital and ambitious 100-voice community choir, hailed by critics and audiences alike as one of Canada’s finest oratorio choirs. We aim to deliver rare and stirring performances with great polish and total conviction.

Under the leadership of Artistic for its performance of How Sweet Director David Bowser, the choir the Moonlight Sleeps by Canadian aspires to build on its strengths composer, Jared Tomlinson. The and accomplishments to achieve full chorale was awarded an hon- new levels of performance and ourable mention in its category in audience engagement. the same competition.

Over three decades, Pax Christi Chorale has built a loyal following for its passionate performances of repertoire ranging from the great works of the Renaissance, to contemporary music. The choir is committed to developing innovative collaborations to expand our reper- toire into rich and bold territory.

The Pax Christi Chamber choir placed first in its category in Choral Canada’s 2017 national competition for amateur choirs

“The choir has steadily added to its oratorio repertoire, enriching Toronto choral music lovers with memorable performances and gaining a reputation as one of Canada’s fin-

est oratorio choirs.” CHORAL CANADA 10 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

CHOIRSTERS

SOPRANO ALTO TENOR Emily Burgetz Anthea Bailie Scott Bergen CC Hilary Butler CC Susan Burgess Richard Diver Jane Couchman Madeline Burghardt Bill Found Irene Courage CC Lois Burkholder Ron Greaves Jo-Ann Dawson CC Marion Cameron John Hodgson Mary-Anne Draffin Catharin Carew* CC Charles Im CC Esther Giesbrecht Joan Cotton CC Martin Mostert Jane Irwin Virginia Evoy CC Joel Nash CC Karen Kitchen Catherine Falconer Quinton Neufeldt CC Cheryl Lake CC Miranda Farrell-Myers Dan Norman CC Maureen Louth Esther Fine John Parker Maria Lundin Margaret Fisher Ted Parkins Eleanor Nash Erika Friesen Bruce Smardon Christine Oosterhof Jan Kainer Joseph Wong** CC Inga Pechersky Julia King Anne-Maria Pennanen Diane Kolin CC BASS Marie Penner Sue Kralik Stephen Cockle CC Sue Penny Serene Lin Peter Dick Leslie Saffrey Sheila Macadam David Dimick Ingrid Silm CC Susan Mahoney Stephen Fetter CC Moira Siron Danielle McCandless Paul Genyk-Berezowsky Carol Smiley Jo-Ann Minden Hugh Laurence Sandra Tang Judith Nancekivell Norman Martin CC Kathy Van Luit Marika Pauls Laucht Timothy McPhail Allison Walmsley* CC Catherine Peer David Pabke Jayne Walter Louise Pogue Doug Pritchard Carmen Wiebe CC Ann Power Michael Robert-Broder* CC Liz Prosser John Rosati Ann Reesor Jean François Roy CC Janet Reid-Nahabedian Peter Rudiak-Gould Virginia Reimer Kevin Wilson Andrea Siemens Mary Stinson CC Adelaide Tam Anna Tharyan * Choral Lead Julia Thomas CC ** Choral Scholar Kiley Venables CC Chamber Choir Shauna Yarnell** CC 11 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

ORCHESTRA

VIOLIN BASS HORN Leslie Dawn Knowles, Natalie Kemerer Diane Doig Concert Master Erin Macleod Neil Spaulding Laurel Mascarenhas Micajah Sturgess FLUTE Xiao Grabke Michele Gagnon Stephen Tam Jennifer Burford Maria Pelletier TRUMPET Yegee Lee Richard Sandals OBOE 2ND VIOLIN Dylan Maddix Clare Scholtz Tanya Charles Ben Promane Gillian Howard Michael Sproule TROMBONE Jeewon Kim CLARINET Megan Hodge Wendy Rogers Michele Verheul Cathy Stone Richard Thomson VIOLA Isabelle Lavoie Nick Papadakis BASSOON TUBA Angela Rudden Lisa Chisholm Mark Tetreault Anthony Rapoport Jerry Robinson TIMPANI CELLO Richard Moore Igor Gefter Mary-Katherine Finch ORGAN Rachel Pomedli Paul Jenkins 12 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

INTERVIEW BY SUSAN MAHONEY, PAX CHRISTI ALTO

Romantic Masters A conversation with Artistic Director David Bowser.

These three works — Bruckner’s Te instrumentation, increasingly Deum, Brahms’s Song of Destiny chromatic musical language, and Beethoven’s Choral Fantasy — dynamic contrast and freedom are all from the artistic tradition in tempo. His use of the voice in known as German romanticism. his 9th Symphony, for which the What draws you to this period and Choral Fantasy was undoubtedly style of music? a blueprint, was a leap toward romantic expression. In many ways, Austrian and German romantic composers This is your first opportunity to were obsessed with the human put your personal stamp on the experience, with our relationship choir’s repertoire. How does this to nature, to creativity, to our own programme continue Pax Christi’s mortality and to our common musical tradition, and how does it experience. These three compos- break new ground? ers especially were quite solitary as people, and at least some- There are two groups of people what introverted. But they were I aim to please. I am aware of the consciously composing for all of needs of the chorus to be chal- humanity. It is rich and lush music, lenged, engaged and motivated contrasting exuberant loud pas- by exciting repertoire. If it is new sages with large forces and quiet, to them, I try introducing works intimate moments of intense to the chorus with passion for the expression. For these composers work, respect for the composer the human voice holds an elevated and enthusiasm for the experi- place in musical expression and ence. For the audience, I am always the chorus seems to represent the aware of the whole concert experi- voice of all humanity. Beethoven ence when I create a program and began the shift toward romanti- try to offer an organic, cohesive cism with elements like expanded and satisfying experience, with 13 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

variety, contrast or juxtaposition. The “three B’s” of classical For example, the three romantic music are usually identified as composers on this program have Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. very individual musical expressions Should there be “four B’s”, representing the beginning, middle adding Bruckner? and end of the romantic tradition. The repertoire provides contrast This might be very personal, but I among the three main works. The think Bruckner deserves greater texts juxtapose sacred and secular recognition and his music should expression. The forces used offer be performed more often. The great variety, from full orchestra symphonies are big, long and with organ and four soloists, to expensive to rehearse and perform. choir and orchestra, to orchestra So I understand why we have less and chorus with piano soloist and opportunity for live performances six vocal soloists. I am interested of his works here. He considered in the arc of the concert program his Te Deum to be his greatest combining works to reveal their work and referred to it as "the greatest expression. pride of my life." It is a composition 14 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

of perfect balance of proportions, range for all parts and consist of brilliant brass and choral writing long sustained phrases. The result and sensitive passages for the in the first movement, for example, woodwinds and strings. I find some is indeed awe-inspiring. But I would of the most heavenly-sounding suggest rather than a static slab of music ever written is found in this sound, it is pulsating with energy piece, whether the first solo voice — like light pouring through a giant entries of the first movement or stained glass window. the choral passage in the fourth movement on "in aeterna." There is Brahms’s Schicksalslied (Song of something so authentic about the Destiny) was inspired by a poem work, a true expression of devo- which opens with gladness, light tion — the score is marked "fiery and immortality… but then turns and with strength." He clearly has very dark, to sorrow and death. the influence of Bach's counter- How do you prepare the choir to point, Beethoven's exuberance and change moods so dramatically in a Brahms's lyricism. single work?

The music writer Stephen Johnson As I do for all works, I try to intro- describes the opening of the Te duce the piece to the choir with Deum as “an awe-inspiring slab of some historical context, some idea sound.” How would you describe of the composer's temperament. the work? Then the text is translated, worked and considered for colour, empha- I often refer to this work as "mon- sis and articulation. Brahms takes umental" and am describing the care of much of this in the way he same thing. Bruckner was an has set the text. He has a uniquely organist, and a master organist at warm, rich and connected choral that. His orchestral textures include soundscape at the beginning but sustained notes in the winds and there is that dramatic shift. Rhythm repeated figures in the strings to fill and meter take a more significant and sustain the sound in time, just role in this section, and dynamic like an organ would. But he con- contrasts too. Once these technical trasts this with the most intimate components are integrated we can and uplifting passages, including be available to the emotions that movements with solo violin for connect us through this excep- added intimacy. The choral parts tional music. We just need to follow are challenging — they cover a large Brahms's instructions in the score 15 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

“In many ways, Austrian and German romantic composers were obsessed with the human experience, with our relationship to nature, to creativity, to our own mortality and to our common experience. These three composers were quite solitary as people, and at least somewhat introverted. But they were consciously composing for all of humanity.”

and be sensitive and available to an afterthought to conclude the the common journey. It is a case concert with an accumulation all where the music comes to the the forces used throughout the singers, to all the musicians. This is concert. It is a fascinating piece, a quite personal and individual pro- a theme and variations based cess but one that we share. on a song Beethoven composed some 14 years earlier, and the For the finale of this concert, you melody anticipates the Ode to have chosen Beethoven’s Choral Joy of his 9th Symphony. It starts Fantasy. There are many reports with a seemingly improvised of its first performance at a con- piano solo, adding instruments cert in Vienna on December 22, gradually until full orchestra, then 1808. It was apparently a fiasco. solo voices and finally full chorus What happened? join in. The text speaks of the power of beauty and great art. Beethoven premiered the Choral The piece, while very innovative, Fantasy as a grand finale in a was under-rehearsed. The ink concert which he mounted for his was still wet on the choral parts own benefit. The concert lasted at the premiere and some con- several hours in a cold, dark the- fusion about whether to repeat atre and also featured premieres a section caused the entire per- of his Symphonies No. 5 and 6, formance to fall apart and poor movements from his Mass in C, Beethoven had to start over. I the Piano Concerto No. 4, concert can assure everyone that we arias, piano sonatas and improvi- won't have such problems at sations. The Choral Fantasy was our performance! 16 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Programme Texts and Translations

Anton Bruckner (1824–1896) GRADUALE, LOCUS ISTE Locus iste a Deo factus est, This place was made by God, Inaestimablie sacramentum, a priceless sacrament; Irreprehensibilis est. It is without reproach

Anton Bruckner AVE MARIA Ave Maria, gratia plena, Hail Mary, full of grace, Dominus tecum; The Lord is with you; Benedicta tu in mulieribus, Blessed are you among women, Et benedictus fructus ventris tui, Jesus. And blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus. Sancta Maria, mater Dei, Holy Mary, Mother of God Ora pro nobis peccatoribus, Pray for us sinners, Nunc et in hora mortis nostrae. Amen. Now and in the hour of our death. Amen.

Anton Bruckner TE DEUM WE PRAISE THEE, GOD 1.Te Deum laudamus: 1. We praise thee, O God: te Dominum confitemur. we acknowledge thee to be the Lord. Te aeternum Patrem All the earth doth worship thee omnis terra veneratur. the Father everlasting. Tibi omnes Angeli; To thee all Angels cry aloud; tibi caeli et universae Potestates; the Heavens, and all the Powers therein; Tibi Cherubim et Seraphim To thee Cherubim and Seraphim incessabili voce proclamant: continually do cry: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Holy, Holy, Holy. Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Lord God of Hosts. Pleni sunt caeli et terra Heaven and earth are full of the Majesty 17 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE maiestatis gloriae tuae. of thy glory. Te gloriosus Apostolorum chorus, The glorious company of the Apostles, praise thee, Te Prophetarum laudabilis numerus, The goodly fellowship of the Prophets, praise thee, Te Martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus. The noble army of Martyrs, praise thee. Te per orbem terrarum The holy Church throughout all the world sancta confitetur Ecclesia, doth acknowledge thee, Patrem immensae maiestatis: The Father of an infinite Majesty: Venerandum tuum verum et unicum Filium; Thine honourable, true and only Son; Sanctum quoque Paraclitum Spiritum. Also the Holy Ghost the Comforter. Tu Rex gloriae, Christe. Thou art the King of Glory, O Christ. Tu Patris sempiternus es Filius. Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father. Tu ad liberandum suscepturus homi- When thou tookest upon thee to deliver man, nem, non horruisti Virginis uterum. thou didst not abhor the Virgin’s womb. Tu, devicto When thou hadst overcome mortis aculeo, the sharpness of death aperuisti credentibus thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven regna caelorum. to all believers. Tu ad dexteram Dei sedes, Thou sittest at the right hand of God, in gloria Patris. in the glory of the Father. Iudex crederis esse venturus. We believe that thou shalt come to be our Judge.

2. Te ergo quaesumus, 2. We therefore pray thee, help thy servants, tuis famulis subveni, whom thou hast redeemed with thy quos pretioso sanguine redemísti. precious blood.

3. Aeterna fac cum sanctis tuis in 3. Make them to be numbered with thy Saints gloria numerari. in glory everlasting.

4. Salvum fac populum tuum, Domine, 4. O Lord, save thy people, et benedic hæreditati tuæ. and bless thine heritage. Et rege eos, et extolle illos usque in æternum. Govern them, and lift them up for ever. Per síngulos dies benedícimus te. Day by day we magnify thee. Et laudámus nomen tuum in saeculum, And we worship thy Name, et in saeculum saeculi. ever world without end. Dignare, Domine, die isto sine peccato Vouchsafe, O Lord, to keep us this nos custodíre. day without sin. Miserere nostri, Domine, miserere nostri. O Lord, have mercy upon us, have mercy upon us. Fiat misericordia tua, Domine, super O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us, as our nos, quemadmodum speravimus in te. trust is in thee.

5. In te, Domine, speravi: non confun- 5. O Lord, in thee have I trusted: let me dar in æternum. never be confounded. 18 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Johannes Brahms (1833–1897), Text by Friedrich Hölderin 1770–1843

SCHICKSALSLIED SONG OF DESTINY Ihr wandelt droben im Licht You wander above in the light Auf weichem Boden, selige Genien! on soft ground, blessed genies! Glänzende Götterlüfte Blazing, divine breezes Rühren Euch leicht, brush by you as lightly Wie die Finger der Künstlerin as the fingers of the player Heilige Saiten. on her holy strings.

Schicksallos, wie der schlafende Fateless, like sleeping Säugling, atmen die Himmlischen; infants, the divine beings breathe, Keusch bewahrt chastely protected in bescheidener Knospe, in modest buds, Blühet ewig blooming eternally Ihnen der Geist, their spirits, Und die seligen Augen and their blissful eyes Blicken in stiller gazing in mute, Ewiger Klarheit. eternal clarity.

Doch uns ist gegeben, Yet there is granted us Auf keiner Stätte zu ruhn; no place to rest; Es schwinden, es fallen we vanish, we fall — Die leidenden Menschen the suffering humans — Blindlings von einer blind from one Stunde [zur]1 andern, hour to another, Wie Wasser von Klippe like water thrown from cliff Zu Klippe geworfen, to cliff, Jahrlang ins Ungewisse hinab. for years into the unknown depths.

Translation copyright © by Emily Ezust, from the LiederNet Archive www.lieder.net 19 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770­–1827)

FANTASIA IN C MINOR, OP. 80 Schmeichelnd hold und lieblich klingen Graceful, charming and sweet is the sound unseres Lebens Harmonien, Of our life’s harmonies, und dem Schönheitssinn entschwingen and from a sense of beauty arise Blumen sich, die ewig blühn. Flowers which eternally bloom. Fried und Freude gleiten freundlich Peace and joy advance in perfect concord, wie der Wellen Wechselspiel. like the changing play of the waves. Was sich drängte rauh und feindlich, All that was harsh and hostile, ordnet sich zu Hochgefühl. has turned into sublime delight.

Wenn der Töne Zauber walten When music’s enchantment reigns, und des Wortes Weihe spricht, speaking of the sacred word, muss sich Herrliches gestalten, Magnificence takes form, Nacht und Stürme werden Licht. The night and the tempest turns to light: Äuss're Ruhe, inn're Wonne Outer peace and inner bliss xherrschen für den Glücklichen. Reign o’er the fortunate ones. Doch der Künste Frühlingssonne All art in the spring's sun lässt aus beiden Licht entstehn. Lets light flow from both.

Großes, das ins Herz gedrungen, Greatness, once it has pierced the heart, blüht dann neu und schön empor. Then blooms anew in all its beauty. Hat ein Geist sich aufgeschwungen, Once one’s being has taken flight, hallt ihm stets ein Geisterchor. A choir of spirits resounds in response. Nehmt denn hin, ihr schönen Seelen, Accept then, you beautiful souls, froh die Gaben schöner Kunst Joyously the gifts of high art. Wenn sich Lieb und Kraft vermählen, When love and strength are united, lohnt den Menschen Göttergunst. Divine grace is bestowed upon Humankind. 20 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Meet the Masters

ANTON BRUCKNER (1824–1896) was an Austrian composer whose work is considered emblematic of the final stage of German Romanticism, because of its rich harmonies and complex musical structure. His father, an organist, was his first music teach- er. Despite his genius, Bruckner was a shy, gentle man with a great deal of humility. He revised endlessly, sometimes unable to decide which version he preferred. He kept studying music until he was 40, and didn’t achieve great fame and acceptance until he was over 60. He was a devout Catholic who never married. He died in Vienna at the age of 72, and is buried in the crypt of St. Florian monastery church, right below his favourite organ.

The Romantic Period

Death of The New York Philharmonic Beethoven Orchestra is founded 1827 1842 Birth of Birth of Bruckner Brahms 1824 1833

1820 1830 1840 1850

1730–1810 CLASSICAL ERA BACK TO 1829 1840 Mendelssohn conducts the first modern Birth of performance of Bach’s St. Matthew Passion Tchaikovsky

1847 Death of Mendelssohn

21 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

JOHANNES BRAHMS (1833–1897) was a German composer and pianist. By the time he was a teenager, Brahms was already an accomplished musician, earning money at local inns, in brothels and along the city's docks to ease his family's often tight finan- cial conditions. He became friends with the composer Robert Schumann, who saw in Brahms great hope for the future of music. Brahms was a perfectionist who often destroyed finished pieces he deemed unworthy. In 1890, Brahms claimed he was giving up composing, but the stance was short-lived, and before long he was back at it again. He never married, and died at the age of 63.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770–1827) was a German pianist and composer widely considered the greatest of all time, whose innovative compositions combined vocals and instruments, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto and quar- tet. He is the crucial transitional figure connecting the Classical and Romantic ages of Western music. Beethoven’s personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life, when he was quite unable to hear. He died at the age of 56.

Historiographers characterize the Romantic Period by the use of various instruments, full and dramatic melodies and a narrative approach expressing ideas and stories through music.

Death of Death of Berlioz Brahms 1869 1897 Birth of The Metropolitan Opera Strauss Association opens in New York 1864 1883

1860 1870 1880 1890

1859 1869 1886 1900–2000 20TH CENTURY FORWARD TO First opera house Gounod’s Faust is first Brucker’s Te Deum opens in Louisiana performed in Paris is first performed 1877 Edison patents the phonograph

22 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

THANK YOU TO OUR BOARD, VOLUNTEERS, AND STAFF FOR THEIR ONGOING CONTRIBUTION TO PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

About Us

ARTISTIC DIRECTOR GENERAL MANAGER BOARD OF DIRECTORS David Bowser Jennifer Collins Carol Ringer (Chair), Virginia Evoy (President), ASSOCIATE CONDUCTOR ASSOCIATE Dermot Muir (Vice- Daniel Norman GENERAL MANAGER Chair), Juliette Sweeney Virginia Evoy (Treasurer), Carmen ASSISTANT CONDUCTOR Paul Genyk-Berezowsky PRODUCTION Wiebe (Secretary), Emily MANAGERS Burgetz (Past President), CHORAL LEADS Melissa Lauzon Deborah Barretto, John Michael Robert Broder Dayna Dickinson Casey, Ron Knowles, Catharin Carew Bruce Peer Allison Walmsley PIANIST Christina Faye HONORARY MEMBERS CHORAL SCHOLARS Robert Loewen, Joseph Wong GRAPHIC DESIGNER Founding Conductor; Shauna Yarnell Kate Peer Emily Burgetz, Co-Founder; Stephanie CHOIR VOLUNTEER GROUP Martin, Conductor Finance Committee Richard Diver, Emeritus, Lee Bartel, Ron Greaves, David Pabke Former Conductor Registrar Stephen Cockle IN MEMORIAM Music Librarian Sandra Tang John Ford, Former Technical Support Stephen Fetter, Diane Kolin Conductor; Ron Section Heads Ellie Nash, Susan Mahoney, Sawatsky, Founding Ron Greaves, Doug Pritchard President Marketing Team Maria Lundin, Maureen Louth, John Parker HONORARY PATRONS Social Media Team Diane Kolin, Howard Dyck, C.M., Inge Pechersky, Julia Thomas Eric Friesen, Abner Gala Team Stephen Cockle, Mary-Anne Draffin, Sue Martin, Stéphane Potvin, Kralik, Jo-Ann Minden, Anna Tharyan, Abeer Ziadeh Catherine Robbin O.C. Program Editors Susan Mahoney, Mary Stinson 23 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Your Donation Matters

Ticket sales account for only 25% of the funds we need for our season. We try to keep our ticket prices accessible, and actively seek other sources of revenue, but our audience members are our most important supporters. You understand the time and energy it takes to bring choral masterworks to fruition, and you appreciate the beauty of this music.

Your donations also fuel extraordinary activities that inspire young people. You make it possible for us to col- laborate with youth choirs, conduct in-school workshops, and employ talented young singers as choral leads and scholars.

Pax Christi Chorale is a registered charitable organization. We issue tax receipts for all donations over $10, and acknowledge donations over $50 in our programme. 24 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

OUR DONORS Our thanks to the many generous donors who have supported Pax Christi Chorale over the past year. We couldn’t do it without you.

GOLD PATRONS PATRONS Jo-Ann Minden ($10,000+) ($1,000–$1,999) Martin Mostert Keith & Tanya Thomson Jane Couchman Judith Nancekivell of Stonegate Private & Bill Found Edward Parkins Counsel Frieda & Vern Heinrichs Susan Penny C. Ian Kyer Louise Pogue Sheila & Norman Ann Power SILVER PATRONS Macadam Douglas Pritchard ($5,000–$9,999) Abner & Shirley Martin Ann & Paul Reesor Burgetz Family Catherine Peer David & Carol Ringer Foundation John Rosati Bruce Smardon Norman Martin Andrea Siemens Anna Tharyan The Vern & Frieda Christine Sloss Kathy Van Luit Heinrichs Foundation Carmen Wiebe Esther Willms Kevin Wilson BRONZE PATRONS PARTNERS ($2,000–$4,999) ($500–$999) FRIENDS Anonymous (2) Shawn Brignolio ($250–$499) Bruce & Emily Burgetz Jennifer Brown Anonymous Robert & Jill Marion Cameron Sharlah Barter Burkholder Stephen Cockle David Burkholder John & Margaret Casey Joan Cotton Freda Burkholder & Ron & Linda Knowles Irene Courage Quinton Neufeldt Stephanie Martin David & Charmaine Lois Burkholder Anne-Maria Pennanen Dimick Douglas Browlee Susan Sawatsky Dennis Dirksen Hillary Butler in memory of Richard Diver Alessandra Clemente Ron Sawatsky Margaret Fisher Mary-Anne Draffin Sandra Tang Gillian Hill Catherine Falconer Wideman Ringer Linda Hutcheon Erika Friesen Consulting Group Hugh Laurence Esther Giesbrecht Susan Mahoney John & Christine Danielle McCandless Gilmour 25 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Gary Harder Stephen Fetter Dave & Muriel Bechtel Jan Kainer Esther Fine Margaret Beer Judith Kidd Deborah Finlayson Linda Bissinger Julia King Ron Greaves Janet Candido Diane Kolin Ed & Sharon Heide Edward Collins Sue Kralik Victor & Rosemarie Eloise Crabtree Cheryl Lake Heinrichs Carmichael Charmaine Lepp John Higgins Jo-Ann Dawson Serene Lin John Hodgson Colin Dobel Maureen Louth Charles Im Barbara Draffin Joshua Matthews Jane Irwin Virginia Evoy Jane McClean Mary Ladky Jaymar Figueroa Eleanor Nash Daniel Leader Wendy Fok Joel Nash Thomas Leslie Anne Gallagher Aldred & Erna Neufeldt David McEachren Mary M. Gillies David Pabke Timothy McPhail Mary Groh John Parker Tracy Montgomery Patricia Haldane Alicia Payne Aaron Neufeld Andrew Harding Marie Penner Christine Oosterhof Marjorie Harris Brian Power Marika Pauls Laucht John Holland Janet Reid-Nahabedian Inga Pechersky IBM Canada Ltd. Susan Schultz Catherine Robbin, O.C. Matching Grants Ingrid Silm Paul & Carolyn Roth Program Jo-Anne Stephens Jean Francois Roy Mary Kaiser Mary Stinson Peter Ryan Susanna Klassen Juliette Sweeney Leslie Saffrey Maria Lundin Robert Tiessen Moira Siron Rose Anne Mallett Jayne Walter Carol Smiley Patricia Maltby Jane Witherspoon Adelaide Tam Daniel Norman Julia Thomas Lawrence Peddie SPONSORS Charles Trimble Hans Preuss ($150– $249) Joseph Wearing Joyce Reesor Anthea Bailie Anthea Windsor Bruce Russell Deborah Barretto Lorna Young Nancy Riley Rita Bloem Warren Sorensen Susan Burgess SUPPORTERS St. Anne's Anglican Madeline Burghardt ($50–$149) Church Simon Chester Julia Armstrong Kiley Venables Jennifer & Terry Collins Alyson Baergen Marilyn Zehr Miranda Farrell Myers Sean Baergen 26 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Find Us in the Community

Pax Christi Chorale is excited to support the broader Toronto community in several upcoming concerts. We hope you can join us.

Magic and Wonder A Benefit Concert in support of the Hope for Children Fund Conducted by Artistic Director David Bowser November 5, 2017, 2:00 p.m. with Toronto Mozart Players and featuring St. Paul's Basilica internationally acclaimed soprano Nathalie Tickets: $40, (416) 223-8060 Paulin, Pax Christi Chamber Choir & Soloists or [email protected]

Mozart's "Coronation" Mass Conducted by Artistic Director David Bowser January 28, 2018, 2:00 p.m. with Toronto Mozart Players and featuring Church of the Redeemer Pax Christi Chamber Choir & Soloists mozartproject.ca

PAX CHRISTI CHORALE IS GRATEFUL FOR THE GENEROUS SUPPORT OF OUR SPONSORS 27 PAX CHRISTI CHORALE

Our Upcoming Season of Concerts

It isn’t too late to subscribe to the season and receive the benefits of pre- ferred concert seating and a discount on single concert tickets. Please email the box office by Wednesday, November 1: [email protected]

VISIT PAXCHRISTICHORALE.ORG FOR TICKETS AND MORE Gloria Works by Poulenc, Duruflé, with soprano Andrea Núñez, winner Fauré, and Gounod of the 2016 Toronto Mozart Vocal Competition, and Daniel Norman, organ An all-French program capturing the joie de vivre of the season, with exu- December 16 & December 17, 2017 berant rhythms and expansive melody. Grace Church on-the-Hill Die Schöpfung Franz Joseph Haydn with Danika Lorèn, soprano, Charles Sy, The Creation tenor, Olivier Laquerre, bass-baritone and the Toronto Mozart Players Haydn’s dramatic musical depiction of chaos and order, light and life, April 28, 2018 illuminated by live video. Grace Church on-the-Hill

The Children's Messiah Our Annual Outreach Concert December 2, 2017, 4:00 p.m. Handel’s masterpiece, adapted Church of the Redeemer especially for children and families. Pay what you can at the door PAXCHRISTICHORALE.ORG