29200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971

EXTE ~NSIONS OF REMARKS ECONOMIC IMPACT OF POLLUTION But industry is not alone. Governments ing of programs already ln force and because ABATEMENT also contribute in significant ways to the de· of the expected impact of new initiatives terioration of our environment: whose adoption appears to be well underway. Municipal incinerators rank high as a State and local governments also wlli be HON. JOHN BRADEMAS source of air pollution. hard-pressed to raise the revenue necessary Garbage dumps scar the landscape, foul to finance an expa.ndlng demand for public OF DfDIANA the air, and provide havens for rats and services. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other vermin. Consequently, the major role in the cam­ Monday, August 2, 1971 And above all, individual citiz-ens collec­ paign to control pollution must rest with tively are probably the most important fac­ the private sector. But, within the private Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, on tor in air and water pollution in the United sector, the efforts o! households to e:x;pand June 6 of this year, Andrew F. Brimmer, States: consumption and the efforts of busine&<; firms a member of the Board of Governors of The private automobile is obviously the to expand investment will make heavy claims the Federal Reserve System, spoke at the chief source in the household sector. on our limited resources. Under these cir­ Some furnaces and the burning of leaves cumstances, we must face .squarely an ines­ commencement exercises of the Uni­ and grass are also major contributors. capwble fact: there is a fundamental confilct versity of Miami at Coral Gables, Fla., Drainage of septic tanks contaminate the between our efforts to maxiip.ize the growth on the subject of the "Economic Impact subsoil and foul our lakes, streams and of our gross national product (GNP) as tradi­ of Pollution Abatement." rivers. tionally defined and our efforts to devote a Dr. Brimmer speaks eloquently of the Discarded solid waste disfigures our streets substantial share of our real resources to need to educate the public to the eco­ and highways and turns much of the coun­ pollution control. nomic sacrifices which increased pollu­ tryside into a junk-heap. While activities to check pollution and to tion abatement is likely to entail in the SO, we must accept the fact that the task improve our environment w1l1 undoubtedly years to come. of pollution abatement is both large and take many forms, above all they wlli require urgent. This conclusion seems self-evident-­ a significant increase in the level of invest­ Mr. Speaker, I believe this address rep­ even after we discount (as we should) many ment in pollution abatement equipment. resents a signiftcant contribution to the of ~he overly dramatic claims of some of the This will mean a drastic change in the pat­ existing body of knowledge on this, and more shrill environmentallsts, some of whom tern of investment spending in both the pri­ I include Dr. Brimmer's address at this do not distinguish between the wise and vate and public sectors. Historically, the vast point in the RECORD: conservative development and use of our proportion of the new investment in private natural resources and the wanton squander­ industry has been made to increase produc­ ECONOMIC IMPACT OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT ing of our heritage. But we must also accept tion capacity, and only a modest share has (By Andrew F . Brimmer) the fact that-left to themselves-some of been devoted to suppressing the pollutants One is not surprised to note that the prob­ the principal polluters (businesses, govern­ generated as a by-product of industrial activ­ lems of checking pollution and improving ments, and private individuals) would not ity. To get a firm grip on the pollution prob­ our environment are among the most popular correct the situation on their own respon­ lem will require a considerable reordering of topics for commencement speakers this year. siblllty. investment priorities: a much larger share of In fact, if the Issue were not such a vital Yet, the extent of the pollution problem new investment wlll have to be devoted to one, I might be inclined to apologize for varies greatly from industry to industry and making production- processes themselves far raising the subject again. However, we are even among firms within the same industry. cleaner and to repairing the environmental confronted with a stark and unpleasant Because of differing geographical and cli­ damages suffered in the past. reallty: many of our lakes and rivers (and matic conditions, one area With essentially RATE OF GROWTH even the oceans themselves) are polluted. the same industrial structure possessed by Much of our air is contaminated-to the another may berelatively free of air or water And here we encounter the toughest choice polnit of creating a serious threat to the pollution while the other staggers in smog of all: the rate of growth of real output in health of some of our citizens in specific or swirls in effluvium. So, what is needed is the United States-as in any other advanced areas. In a variety of ways, our overall en­ a national policy on pollution control--a industrial society-depends heavily on the vironment has suffered considerable deteri­ policy With firm national standards, but one pace of investment in plant and equipment oration. that also gives due weight to the diversity to expand productive capacity. With much On an occasion such as this, there is llttle of experience and circumstances among in­ more of our net investment being channeled to be gained by an attempt to assign blame dustries and localities. into pollution abatement, the rate of expan­ for the circumstances in which we find our­ I realize, of course, that we do not need sion of the American economy as a whole will selves. To a considerable extent, all of us­ to begin from scratch in this effort. Laws probably slow down perceptibly. So, with our as citizens of a country with the most sophis­ and regulations on the books, at the Fed­ population continuing to grow, we would be ticated technology in the world as well as eral, State and local level, have already faced with the likelihood of a slower growth possessing some of the earth's richest natural created much of the necessary framework for in real per capita income--and in our stand­ resources-are guilty of allowing our environ­ such a pollcy. And in a number of industries, ard of living as traditionally defined. SOme ment to be abused. On the other hand, we business firms have gone a long way in adapt­ of us, of course, would accept such an out­ know a great deal about the main sources ing and upgrading their fac111ties in an ef­ come as a reasonable price to pay to halt the of pollution, and we have a fairly good idea fort to meet the more rigorous standards. deterioration of our envirOnment. Others of the requirements that must be met-if Moreover, exlstlng anti-pollution laws are would decry it as an unwarranted penalty to we are to cope successfully with the problem. being tightened, and new measures are be­ be paid primarily by those segments of society ing adopted. least able to bear it-under-developed re­ SOURCES OF POLLUTION gions of the country, the poor and disadvan­ we know that certain industries, partly ROLE OF PUBLIC SECTOR taged, hard-pressed urban communities--all because of the inherent nature of the pro­ In implementing these more stringent re­ of which may benefit considerably from a duction processes which they employ and quirements for pollution abatement, the pub­ high level of sustained economic growth. partly because of hesitancy In recognizing lic sector (at all levels) does have a vital And, finally, stlll other observers would hope their responsibilities, have posed serious role. In fact, the Federal Government has and search for a viable means of recon­ dangers to the environment: projected a sizable expansion in the volume clling these confilcting goe.ls. A sizable share of the air pollution can of budget resources to be devoted to pollu­ That these goals are in conflict is shown be traced to electric power plants, to coke tion control in the next few years. Neverthe­ clearly in the results of a systematic analysis ovens in steel mllls, and to smelters of non­ less, in the current fiscal year (ending on the of the effects of pollution abatement efforts ferrous ores. last day of this month), outlays tor these which I undertook with the assistance of the Paper mills pollute streams, and chemical programs may amount to only $1.2 bllllon. Board's sta:ff and the computer-based econo­ plants produce waste that 1s discarded in And, despite a relatively large increase metric model which we have had in operation lakes and oceans. projected for next year's budget, outlays for for the last few years. These results are not Faulty oil wells and accidents in petro­ pollution abatement in the year ahead stm altogether comforting: while pollution leum transportation pollute ocean waterways may not exceed $2 billion. abatement activities would undoubtedly and damage beaches. Moreover, as we look further into the de­ create many new jobs, the adverse impact of In agriculture, drainage from feed lots cade, it is becoming increasingly clear that reduced or disrupted output in some sectors spoil streams, and pesticides harm some the resources of the Federal Government w111 would partly off-set these ga.lns. There would beneficial plants, fish, birds, and people. be almost fully committed-despite the out­ also be an adverse linpact on residential con­ In transportation, airplanes, buses, trucks, look for renewed economic expansion­ struction and personal consumption. But trains, and other modes of transport also add through 1975. This prospect seems to be vir­ perhaps one of the most disturbing adverse to the pollution of the atmosphere. tually assured because of the further matur- effects is the impetus to inflation that the August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29201 pollution abatement efforts would produce. required development by each State of water meet the more stringent pollution standards. While some of the resulting increased costs qua.Itty sta.ndards for each intemta.te lake, I addressed such a list o! questions to repre­ and higher prices can be viewed as reflecting stream, or coastal area within its Jurisdiction. sentatives in two industries (steel and elec­ higher quality of output, there undoubtedly Provision 1s ma.de for Federal and State nego­ tric power generation), and they were hope­ would be a further strengthening of infla­ tiations on the problem and judicia.l enforce­ ful of responding in time to permit an anal­ tionary pressures in the American economy. ment of the agreed upon standards againSt ysis of the replies in connection with these Thus, the fundamental question that must pollutors. To meet these standards, industry remarks. Unfortunately, the answers were not be asked is this: are we prepared to pay these has already invested large sums of capital. available. real costs? Only the American people as a The present structure of legislation and the In the absence of such data, I decided to whole can answer. apparent shortage of available government try a different approach to obtain an assess­ In the rest of these remarks, I will com­ funds suggests, however, that the bulk of the ment of the implications of channeling a ment more fully on these major issues. effort will have to continue to be made with­ greater proportion of private investment to PUBLIC POLICY AND POLLUTION CONTROL out fl.na.nclal assistance from governments. control pollution. For this purpose, I relied on the Federal Reserve Board's staff and the As I indicated above, the public sector is RECENT AND PBOSPBCTIV!: PATTERNS o:r Bl1SINESS INVESTMENT modern, computer-based econometric model relying largely on the private sector for which the staff has had in operation during implementation of a large measure of en­ These new investment requirements wlll 1 vironmental control. Essentially, encourage­ the last few years. Essentially, I wanted to follow a heavy volume of investment activity know what would be the general economic ment is given to the private sector with the by American industry. In the 1960's, the stick of judicial procedures and the carrot of growth in real private business investment impact--both direct and indirect-of de­ a modest amount of grant assistance. So far, voting a larger share of business investment outlays waa particularly rapid, averaging in plant and equipment to pollution abate­ the emphasis of the Federal programs is about 6.5 per cent annually-well above the mainly on water pollution. About 80 per cent ment. To answer this question, it was first 2.7 per cent annual expansion during the necessary to have an indication of the con­ of Federal obligations are currently in this 1950's. In 1970, real plant and equipment area, with the largest share of funds reflected tours of investment and the level and com­ expenditures declined-partly because of the position of GNP in the absence of special in grants and loans for construction of general economic slowdown and partly be­ municipal waste treatment fac11ities. Air pol­ cause of the lagged effects of 111.0netary re­ efforts to change the configuration of invest.. lution control; in second place, lags far be­ ment spending. Using the Board's economet­ straint in 1969. During the next few years, ric model, a "base projection" of real hind with about 11 per cent of the obligated we expect outlays to expand again at a fairly G~TP-and its principal oomponents in funds. Small sums are planned for activities rapid pace, 1f long-term capital markets re­ 2 relating to the pollution of land, for example, 1975-was prepared. The results (in constant main favorable and 1f investment and de­ 1958 dollars) are shown in the attached from mine drainage, nutrients, pesticides, preciation allowances are made more liberal. table. and other substances. Most of these funds In addition, 1f the investment tax credit will be for resaarch. were to be re-enacted, it too would provide According to, these estimates, real GNP Altogether, outlays for these programs in inducement to expand durable equipment might rise from *724 billion in 1970 to $893 fiscal 1971 are estimated a.t approximately investment. billion in 1975. Producers• durables equip­ $1.2 billion. In fiscal 1972, outlays for pol­ More generally, however, part of the unus­ ment (the most likely place where outlays lution control and abatement activities are ually large volume of investment in recent for pollution abatement would be registered) expected to rise by a large percentage amount years is undoubtedly attributable to infia­ might be in the neighborhood of $63.6 btl­ (71 per cent) bwt in absolute terms only by tionary psychology. The rapid rise in the lion, representing about 7.1 per cent of GNP, $838 million. Budget authority for these prices of plant and equipment (especially in compared with $56.1 billion and 7.7 per cent programs so far has been considerably great­ construction costs) caused business to push of GNP in 1970. Expenditures on producers' er than outlays. To some extent, these low ahead with new programs even when the structures (mainly plant and other nonresi­ expenditure figures reflect difficulties in need for these facll1ties wa.s not immediately dential structures) would approximate $25.7 starting up programs, and perhaps there have urgent to meet current demand. As price billion, sllghtly more than in 1970, and equiv­ been difficulties in the original drafting of increases moderate, this source of stimu­ alent to 2.9 per cent of total output. Resi­ some of the expenditure provisions. But, lus to investment should fade somewhat, but dential construction expenditures might whatever the explanation, budget authority it will probably be quite some time before amount to $24.7 billion compared with $20.6, for pollution control in 1972 will increase businessmen completely forget present in­ claiming the same share of total output (2.8 rather significantly-from an estimated $1.8 fiationary conditions and the pressure of per cent) in both 1970 and 1975. This pat­ billion in fiscal 1971 to $3.1 in fiscal 1972. rapidly rising unit costs Moreover, strong tern of private investment and the overall On the other hand, these budget obligations consumer demand (especially for durables structure of GNP associated with it should are spread over a number of years in the with their greater capital investment re­ be kept in mind: without a conscious ef­ future, and the amounts are relatively small. quirements), the expected demand from the fort to modify the :flow of investment, we WATER POLLUTION STANDARDS public sector (particularly from urban trans­ might expect to see a slightly smaller propor­ tion of our real resources devoted to capital As of this date, the Administration's pro­ portation systems), and requirements for changes in the production process to keep up accumulation in the private sector, and the gram for fiscal 1972 has not been passed, and with accelerating technological advances will increase in investment in plant and equip­ there are a.t least two major alternative pro­ undoubtedly generate large capital require­ ment would account for about 6 per cent grams being considered by Congress. How­ ments. of the rise in real output between 1970 and ever, there is a significant departure from Consequently, additional investment to 1975. previous policy in the Administra.tion 's new UNIT COSTS WOULD RISE proposal for water treatment plants. From curtaU pollution of the environment will add 40 to 60 per cent of the cost of waste dis­ importantly to already large capital outlays The next step was to determine the effects posal is apparently directly traceable to in­ by private business. One recent survey esti­ of raising the level of investment to cope dustrial users, and new proposals would re­ mates that investment in pollution-control with pollution. lt was assumed init1ally that quire communities receiving waste treat­ activities by American companies this year pollution control devices are added to new ment grants to recover from industrial users will rise by 46 per cent over last year, to a equipment purchases but that old equipment that portion of project costs that is allocable total of $3.6 bllllon-or 4.4 per cent of total is not altered. Greater investment in pollu­ to the treatment of the specific company's capital investment in the 26 industries sur­ tion control equipment would increase the waste. In other words, there would be a user veyed compared to 3.1 per cent last year. To amount of capital required per unit of out­ charge associated with waste treatment, and meet legal standards set up as of last Jan­ put a_because no increase in production ca­ industries would have a direot incentive to uary, it is estimated that, from the end of pacity would be associated with a more ex­ economize in their use of water. This clearly last year through the mid-1970's, it wlll take pensive--but less polluting-production differs from past policies which relied on a cumulative total of more than $18 billion­ process. The result of this second exercise is enforcement of water standards through and it is possible that standards will be stif­ labeled "new equipment projection" in the judicial procedures, which could result in fened further in the years ahead. Seven in­ table. long delays and often were limlted to a few dustries will probably have to spend more conspicuous violators. than $1 billion apiece, with electric utiLities 1 The model was developed wi·th the tech­ being hardest hit with an estimated clean­ nical assistance of economists at the Massa­ For the last 1% decades, the central theme up bill of $3.2 b1llion. Electric utllities plan of Federal Government policy in this area chusetts Institute of Technology and the to spend $679 mill1on this year, compared University of Pennsylvania. has been that most pollution control must be with only $127 million in 1966. e1rected by industry. In 1956, Congress 2 Key assumptions underlying the exer­ amended the Federal Water Pollution Con­ ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES IN ASSESSING POLLU­ cise were that tax rates were unchanged trol Act and initiated Federal darts to es­ TION ABATEMENT COSTS and that resources were fully utilized, with tablish water quality standards and to en­ The above outlays are obviously large, and unemployment in the neighborhood of 4 per force them. Federal involvement grew slowly, they should make a significant impact on in­ cent in 1975. but the 1965 Water Quality Act proVided dustry's capacity to cope with pollution. 8 Economists refer to the capital required Federal superv1slon in the establishment of However, an econOinist would want to pose per unit of output as the "capital-output water quality standa.rds on all interstate a number of specific questions in order to ratio". It was assumed that the pollution water ways. As leglsla.tton now stands, Fed­ make a fairly good assessment of the prob­ control devices add 5 per cent to the cost of eral water pollution control 1a based on the able costs of the investment necessary to a unit of producers' durable equipment. 29202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971

In this projection, real GNP might rise to Outlays for residential construction and con­ and women (and here also it 1s gOOd that $918 bilUon in 1975 with investment in pro­ sumer durable were held to lower levels than there are so few) who would so elevate en­ ducers' durable equipment at $69.5 billion, in the base projection. The unemployment vironmental concerns that we would be vir­ accounting for 7.6 per cent of total output.• rate held at the same level as that of the tually precluded from using our economic Personal consumption expenditures would base projection when no modifications were and natural resources to improve the lot of be held to proportionally less than in 1970, planned for pollution abatement, and in­ the poor and disadvantaged, to spur the 64.9 per cent of GNP compared to 65.9. Pro­ terest rates rose only sUghtly. growth of depressed regions, or to ease the ducers' structures and residental construc­ The most disturbing aspect of this exercise plight of our cities. In all of these areas, tion also would be held to proportionally is the projected effect on prices. Prices as too, we are st111 faced with a long agenda smaller shares o'f total output than in 1970 measured by the GNP deflator began to rise of unfinished tasks. They also have large as more investment is shifted to new pollu­ more rapidly with the additional investment and legitimate claims which must be hon­ tion abatement equipment. The unemploy­ in pollution control. This, of course, raises ored through the allocation of a greater share ment rate, however, would drop substantially the whole question of national accounting vs. of our real resources. below the 4 per cent level, and the pressure a fuller set of social accounts. In a very im­ So, I am left in the middle. I see a basic on prices and interest rates would be in­ portant sense, when we add to the cost of confiict among competing goals, and a short­ creased significantly. electricity, for example, by insisting upon fall in the means to satisfy them all. And we The final step in the exercise was to esti­ putting a cost on the use of natural resources cannot afford the illusion of believing that mate the effect of raising the level of invest­ such as water and air, we are adding to soc:l.al we can: despite our obvious affluence as a ment to scope with pollution in both new costs. Since our tra.dl tional measures of cost nation, we do not have the capacity to pro­ equipment and the cost of upgrading equip­ cannot easlly be adjusted for environmental duce enough so that households can maxi­ ment already in place. It was assumed that savings, the standard price indexes wU1 con­ mize their consumption (while minimizing rehabilita>tion of the old stock of producers' tinue to register increases. taxes); so that an adequate volume of hous­ durable equipment would cost $3 blllion a In summary, the increase in producers' ing can be bullt; so that business can expand year from 1971 through 1975.5 durable investment for pollution control was their production facllities at a maximum The resulting projected GNP (labeled "up­ purchased at the cost of slight reductions in rate (and also make the investment needed grading" in the attached table) was $887 bil­ expenditures for plant and residential hous­ to abate pollution); so that governments lion, nearly $5.5 billion less than the base ing, and sizable drops in personal consump­ can meet the increasing demand for public projection (without special anti-pollution tion and total GNP. services (whlle tax revenues lag behind spending). Instead, I see the need for all of efforts) and $31 bil11on less than the pro­ CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS jection for investment in new equipment us to exercise the critical judgment and provided with pollution control devi

PRINCIPAL CLAIMS ON REAL GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, 1970, AND ALTERNATIVE PROJECTIONS TO 1975 (Amounts in billions of 1958 dollars)

1975 upgrading projection a 1975 new 1975 base equipment projection J Variance from- 1970 (actual) projection 1 Variance New equip- Percent Percent Percent from base Percent Base ment Sector Amount of total Amount of total Amount of total projection Amount of total projection projection

Gross national product.. ______724.1 100.0 892.6 100.0 918.0 100.0 25.4 887.2 100.0 -5.4 -30.8 Personal consumption ______477.1 65.9 593.8 66.5 595.6 64.9 1.8 588.2 66.3 -5.6 -7.4 Producers' durable equipment______56.1 7.7 63.6 7.1 69.5 7.6 5.9 70.6 8.0 7.0 1.1 Producers' structures. ____ ------__ ------_ 23.1 3.2 25.7 2.9 26.2 2.9 .5 25.3 2.9 -.4 -.9 Residential construction ______----- 20.6 2.8 24.7 2.8 23. 7 2.6 -1.0 24. 3 2. 7 -.3 .6 Consumer durables ••• ____ ------__ ------_ 82.0 11.3 106.6 11.9 110.2 12.0 3.6 105.3 11.9 -1.3 -4.9 Memorandum: Treasury bill rate (percent) ______, 6. 37 ------6.20 ------7. 40 ------1.20 6. 50 ------.30 -.90 Prices (GNP deflator>------134.9 ------159.9 ------162.9 ------3.0 163.0 ------3.1 -.1 Unemployment rate ______4.8 ------3.8 ------2.7 -·------1.1 3.8 ------0 1.1

1 The "base projection" is derived from a simulation of the national economy by using the a This projection assumed that in addition to adding pollution control devices to new equip­ Federal Reserve Board's econometric model. A key assumption was that resources were fully ment, old equipment will be renovated for pollution abatement at a cost of $3,000, 000,000 a utilized with unemployment in the neighborhood of 4 percent in 1975. year from 1971-75. 21n this projection, it is assumed that pollution control equipment is required on all new equip­ ment, adding 5 percent to cosl

REVOKE ABSURD TRADE BAN an excellent article entitled "Revoke REVOKE ABSURD TRADE BAN Absurd Trade Ban," written by colum­ - (By Anthony Harrigan) nist Anthony Harrigan. I ask unanimous When the Nixon administration entered HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. consent that this article be printed in otnce, sOIIle of its supporters assumed th&t OF VmGINIA the Extensions of Remarks. one of the foreign policy moves would be to revoke the absurd and hurtful ban on trade IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES The editor of the Lima, Ohio, News is Tom Mullen. with Rhodesia that the Johnson adminis­ Monday, August 2, 1971 tration instituted. Unfortunately, President There being no objection, the article Nixon thus far has failed to revoke the Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, executive order under which the ban . was the Lima, Ohio, News of July 15 included as follows: imposed. August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29203 In Congress, however, efforts are under way made in the Chicago WBBM, channel M. Nixon's planned visit to Peking, Red to eliminate the trade sanctions which are 2, editorial of July 19. China. injurious to the United States. Sen. Harry F. The committee has drawn up a set of seven Byrd Jr. of Virginia and U.S. Rep. James Personally, I share the concern ex­ questions which it hopes the President will Collins of Texas have introduced bills (S. pressed in this editorial on the need to put to Red China's Premier Chou En-lai when 1404 and H.R. 5445) to allow importation of approach summit conferences with great the twain meet face to face. vitally needed chromium ore from Rhodesia. care. We find these questions so illuminating At the moment--because of the ban on My own interpretation is that Dr. Kis­ and provocative of thought that we print trade--the U.S. is buying its chrome ore singer has nailed down most of the points them in full: from the Soviet Union and at a higher price that will be discussed by the President 1-When will you release the American than Rhodesian ore sells for on the world and the Chinese Communist leaders. I servicemen whom you have held as prisoners market. Thus the Soviets control America's cannot conceive of the President travel­ for as long as 20 years? access to a strategic metal. In the long run, 2-Do you now accept the United Nations the United States must regain access to ing to Peking, nor of the Reds receiving designation of Communist China as the ag­ Rhodesian supplies of chromium ore inas­ him, if the situation in Indochina has gressor in the Korean War? much as Rhodesia has most of the world's not been almost totally resolved. 3-Do you now concede that you committed supply of the metal. Sharing as I do, however, the basic genocide [deliberate extermination of a na­ Nixon administration action to discard cautious approach to the President's tional or racial group] in your invasion of the ban on trade With Rhodesia is long over­ planned trip and recognizing the tragic Tibet as the International Commission of due. Certainly, 1f the administration can ad­ history of performances at summit meet­ Jurists in Geneva has so stated? vocate increased trade With Communist 4-Do you admit that you are responsible China-an avowed enemy of the U.S.-trade ings by previous American Presidents, I for the deaths of thousands of American with independent Rhodesia, an anti-Commu­ believe this editorial is a solid commen­ servicemen in Vietnam through your supply­ nist country, must be viewed as acceptable. tary on the situation. ing most of the small arms and ammunition The Johnson administration's imposition The editorial follows: to the Viet Cong? of a trade ban was the result of pressure PRESIDENT NIXON'S PLANNED VISIT TO CHINA 5-Will you now apologize to my country from the socialist government in power in The President has asked the leaders of and to me personally for describing me as a Great Britain in the 1960s. Today, however, Congress for "restraint" concerning his plan­ "chief butcher" and an "arch criminal" in a Conservative government holds office in ned trip to the People's Republic of China. your official publications? Britain and is ending the socialists' policy of We agree there is a need for restraint-­ 6--Are you now prepared to abandon Mao antagonism toward European-led govern­ restraint of expectations. We should not ex­ Tse-tung's philosophy that political power ments in Africa. The Labor Party's pressures pect too much from this visit. We have had grows out of the barrel of a gun? against Rhodesia, for example, only en­ summit meetings before--at Munich, Te­ 7-Do you still believe that the U.S. is an couraged that new nation to develop its in­ heran, Yalta, Potsdam, Camp David, Vienna. "imperialist aggressor" and is surrounded by dustries and end its traditional reliance on They did not always solve problems-some­ "running dogs"? bilateral trade with Britain. times they created them. Take 'em away, Mr. President, and let's see Prof. David N. Rowe of Yale University However, we strongly endorse this dramatic Chou wriggle off those seven hooks if he can. recently returned from a visit to Rhodesia move by the President to open solid com­ Mr. and reported some of his conclusions in the munications With the People's Republic Speaker, these seven questions de­ New York Times. His principal conclusion of China. We believe the United States mand answers before Red China is even was that "in concert with Britain we should should recognize that huge nation. The considered for admission to the United begin to accept Rhodesian independence as People's Republic should, in turn, be ad­ Nations. a fact, and act accorcLingly." mitted to the United Nations. Dr. Rowe, who is a specialist in African But we do not expect the presidential visit affairs, also noted the progressive economic will magically erase the suspension and ani­ REFUTING DR. STERNGLASS developments in Rhodesia, saying that mosity here toward the People's Republic, "manufacturing has grown, generally to sup­ which have developed for a period of more ply consumer wants previously supplied from than twenty years. The residual counter-ani­ abroad." mosity and suspicion within the People's Re­ HON. CRAIG HOSMER At a time when the U.S. is under severe public will not disappear overnight. OF CALIFORNIA fiscal pressure, it has need for seeking new We hope the establishment of good rela­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trade links With friendly countries such as tions With the People's Republic Will accom­ Rhodesia. Moreover, Americans should rec­ pany a settlement of the Vietnam war. But Monday, August 2, 1971 ognize that Southern Africa is destined to they may be separate actions. Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, in recent develop rapidly in the remaining years of Friendship With China could remove the years, the press has given wide coverage this century. Experts report that major oil fear which has motivated so much of our fields will be opened on the Mozambique Asiatic policy for over twenty years--that to the sensational charges of Dr. Ernest coast adjacent to Rhodesia. South Africa, all of Southeast Asia Will fall under the J. Sternglass, professor at the University where American companies have approxi­ Communist Chinese orbit and threaten us. of Pittsburgh, that the normal operation mately $700 million invested, is an increas­ This had been a barrier to the el!tl of con­ of nuclear powerplants results in an in­ ingly prosperous country. flict crease in infant mortality. The United States has a great opportunity But again we caution against overreacting Far less attention has been given to the to share in the development and resulting to the President's planned trip--as though scientific community which refutes his prosperity in Southern Africa if sensible this is a sports event which calls for cheers trade and foreign policies are instituted. or jeers. Let us be restrained and hopeful. data. Congressional approval of the important It is significant, I believe, that the Byrd-Collins bllls would be a constructive president and 13 past presidents of the step in this direction. Health Physics Society have issued a But the White House shouldn't wait for THE COMMI'ITEE OF ONE MILLION statement to the effect that Dr. Stern­ action in the Congress. By issuing new execu­ glass's contentions are without scientific tive orders revoking the ban on trade with Rhodesia, Nixon could assure the U.S. access foundation. to a strategic metal and give a needed boost HON. JOHN J. ROONEY For the information of my colleagues, to the American economy. OF NEW YORK I include the Health Physics Society IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statement in the RECORD: Monday, August 2, 1971 STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT AND PAST PRES­ IDENTS OF THE HEALTH PHYSICS SoCIETY PRESIDENT NIXON'S PLANNED Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. WITH REGARD TO PRESENTATION BY DR. VISIT TO CHINA Speaker, I include the following interest­ ERNEST J. STERNGLASS, JULY 14, 1971 ing editorial which was published in the On the third such occasion since 1968, Dr. New York Sunday News yesterday. It Ernest J. Sternglass has, at an annual meet­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI sets forth my views with regard to Red ing of the Health Physics Society, presented OF ILLINOIS Communist China. a paper in which he associates an increase IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The editorial follows: in infant mortality with low levels of radia­ tion exposure. The material contained in Dr. Monday, August 2, 1971 THE COMMITTEE OF ONE M:tLLION St ernglass' paper has also been presented Against the Admission of Communist publicly at other occasions in various parts Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is China to the United Nations (Suite 500, 1735 of the country. His allegations, made in sev­ obvious that too much speculation over DeSales St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036; eral forms, have in each instance been an­ the President's trip to Peking will com­ Dr. Walter H. Judd, chairman) is reacting in alyzed by scientists, physicians, and blo­ plicate the visit. This point was well an interesting fashion to President Richard statisticians in the Federal government, in CXVII--1837-Part 22 29204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 individual states that have been involved in use Federal revenue-sharing dollars as to assure that Constitutional requirements his reports, and by qualified scientists in seed money to get control of every State and broad national policy objectives are effec­ other countries. tively implemented in any general revenue­ Without exception, these agencies and and local government operation, includ­ sharing program. scientists have concluded that Dr. Sternglass' ing revenues raised by the local subdi­ 1. Application of a CiviZ Rights Remedy to arguments are not substantiated by the data vision, which funds will become federal­ the Revenue Sharing Program: Title VI of the he presents. The United States Public Health ized the minute the funds are com­ Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides that no per­ Service, the Environmental Protection Agen­ mingled with revenue-sharing moneys. son is to be subjected to discrimination un­ cy, the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Last February 18, on page 3260 of the der any program or activity receiving Federal Michigan and Illinois have issued formal re­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 1 had commented financial assistance. Inasmuch as general ports in rebuttal of Dr. Sternglass' argu­ on the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Ap­ revenue sharing is one form of Federal finan­ ments. We, the President and Past Presidents cial assistance, the nondiscrimination re­ of the Health Physics Society, do not agree peals decision affecting Saw, Miss., hold­ quirement of Title VI applies to any program with the claim of Dr. Sternglass that he has ing that a municipality must equally or activity assisted by general revenue shar­ shown that radiation exposw:e from nuclear spend its tax money for each of its citi­ ing funds.l power operations has resulted in an increase zens and throughout its neighborhood. One of the principal sanctions available in infant mortality. Atlanta, Ga., has just received its to enforce Title VI consists of administrative H. L. Andrews, University of Rochester. judicial ultimatwn that busmg alone is proceedings leading to a cut-off of Federal W. D. Claus, (Retired). not sufficient to overcome racial imbal­ funds. One key question is: What programs F. P. Cowan, Brookhaven Natl. Laboratory. ance and it is necessary for the Federal or activities under a general revenue sharing Merrill Eisenbud, New York University. program would be subject to the nondiscrim­ W. T. Ham Jr., University of Virginia. bureaucrats to rearrange the entire city, ination requirement and, therefore, also sub­ John R. Horan, U.S. Atomic Energy Com- including the "housing, planning, fi­ ject to the sanction of fund cut-off? mission. nances, rapid transit, and all other ex­ If the Federal Government is to have an Wright H. Langham, Los Alamos Scientific ternal factors which vitally affect its role effective and practical mechanism to combat Laboratory. in the community." discrimination in State and local activities J. S. Laughlin, Sloan-Kettering Memorial The move by the U.S. Commission on funded under the Federal revenue sharing Hospital. Civil Rights simply brings home the point program, it is necessary that earmarking of K. Z. Morgan, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. the funds be made mandatory so that the Claire C. Palmiter, U.S. Environmental that revenue sh&.ring with the State and sanction of fund termination can attach sole­ Protection Agency. local governments is not intended to ly to those programs or activities for which C. M. Patterson, Savannah River Labora­ strengthen or restore power to the State revenue sharing funds are designated.2 tory. and local government but is rather the Commingling of revenue sharin{; funds Walter S. Snyder, Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. carrot dangling in front of hard-pressed with the general funds of a State would J. Newell Stannard, University of Roches­ politicians to surrender even more con­ make impossible a "tracing" of Federal funds ter. trol and power to the Federal Govern­ to specific programs or activities. If, there­ L. s. Taylor, Natl. Council on Radiation ment. Revenue sharing, using the peo­ fore, the nondiscrimination requirement were Protection. to apply to any program or activity financed ple's tax dollars, is now revealed as a plan by the commingled funds.-as it must if the to federalize the people. I had so advised requirement is not to be render~ a nullity­ my people of this on March 3, 1971, in then it would have to apply to all funds ex­ REVENUE SHARING AND CIVIL the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on page pended by the State. While application of RIGHTS 4951. the Federal nondiscrimination requirement I insert a letter from Howard A. Glick­ to all State and local programs Ol' activities stein, Staff Director of the U.S. Commis­ would have the beneficial effect of providing HON. JOHN R. RARICK sion on Civil Rights, his revenue-sharing substantial Federal leverage toward ellm1- OF LOUISIANA nating discrimination on the part of these program-minimum civil rights require­ governmental bodies, the sanction of cutting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments, and several related newsclippings off all revenue sharing funds from a State Monday, August 2, 1971 in the RECORD at this point: • in the case of discrimination in a single pro­ U .8. COMMISSION ON CIVn. RIGHTS, gram or activity probably would be too dras­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, there has Washington, D.C. tic for practical use. been considerable rhetoric about the DEAR REPRESENTATIVE: Enclosed is a memo­ 2. Other Federal Remedies for Noncom­ President's proposed revenue-sharing randum setting forth the civil rights issues pliance with Nondiscrimination Require­ programs. Most of the talk has been related to revenue sharing, approved by the ments: Revenue sharing represents an im­ interpreted by most of the talkers with Commission on Civil Rights at its last meet­ portant new form of Federal assistance to an interpretation that was most favor­ ing, June 16, 1971. I believe you might be State and local governments. It has far­ able to them or their way of thinking. interested in the Commission's assessment reaching ramifications. Thus, it is of extreme of this important subject. importance that the nondiscrimination pro­ Despite the reassurance that Federal If you !!'ave any questions, please call my vision be one which has the maximum ca­ revenue sharing with the State and local office. pability to produce compliance. Yet, experi­ governments was not to have any strings Sincerely, ence with Title VI enforcement has demon­ attached, those who have watched the HOWARD A. GLICKSTEIN. strated that the fund termination sanction deterioration of the educational system, has often proven to be too inflexible to be the State welfare programs, National [From the U.S. Commission on Civil-Rights, effective. When this factor is added to the Washington, D.C.] previously mentioned problems involved in Guard, and other State agencies which applying the fund cut-off mechanism to rev­ receive Federal funds, knew that with REVENUE-SHARING PROGRAM-MINIMUM CIVIL enue sharing grants, it becomes clear that Federal funds must come Federal con­ RIGHTS REQUIREMENTS it is necessary to establish a comprehensive trol. INTRODUCTION and flexible range of remedies, to be used on Certainly any skeptic should have his The adoption of a general revenue-sharing a selective basis. doubts removed upon receiving the Civil program may well affect the manner in which (a) Litigation by the Attorney General: We Rights Requirements Guidelines from the Federal Government carries out a num­ believe that as in the case of Title VI, litiga­ the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. ber of its functions. It is imperative, how­ tion by the Attorney Generalis a useful sup­ ever, that the program not interfere with the plement to the sanction of fund cut-off. As All revenue-sharing programs are to re­ ability of the Government adequately to ful­ the Commission pointed out in Its October main under the supervision of the Com­ fill two major and closely related responsi­ 1970 report, "The Fede.t"al Civil Rights En­ mission on Civil Rights, and as the guide­ bilities. The first is the responsiblllty to en­ forcement Effort": line report says : force the mandate of the Constitution that "Recipients would know that not only Corn.m.ingling of revenue sharing funds racial or ethnic discrimination not occur in would Federal funds be cut off for noncom­ with the general funds of a State would the expenditure and the enjoyment of Fed­ pliance but litigation coUld be brought to make impossible a "tracing" of Federal funds eral funds. The second is the responsibility bring about compliance. Thus, defiance of to specific programs or activities. If, there­ to carry forward the broad national policy of nondiscrimination requirements, even at the fore, the nondiscrimination requirement securing economic and social justice for all cost of losing Federal funds, would be an were to apply to any program or activity minorities, and for the disadvantaged gen­ act of futility." (at 726) financed by the commingled funds ... then erally. As the Commission also pointed out, how­ it would have to apply to all funds expended Revenue sharing presents both potential ever, it is undesirable to rely on litigation by the State. benefits and potential risks to the Federal as a substitute for, rather than a support to, Government's obligation to discharge these fund termination procedures.• In other words, and to put it bluntly, responsibll1t1es. This memorandum presents the Civil Rights Commission intends to an outline of minimal mechanisms necel5sary Footnotes at end of article. August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29205

{b) Cease and Desist Order Authority: An­ can work for them. We can move them to­ the Federal Civil rights acts and, in fact, the other useful enforcement mechanism would ward a renewal of that faith if the full range civil rights laws of those States and localities be that of empowering the Secretary of the of protections contained in existing civil that have enacted them are severely wanting Treasury to issue judicially enforceable orders rights laws are fully enforced and the rights in terms of coverage, available sanctions, and directing a State or local government to cease of minority citizens are guaranteed in fact as level of enforcement activity. In many cases, and desist from specific discriminatory prac­ well as in legal theory. Therefore, we continue moreover, States and localities not only have tices. Provision should be made for the ju­ to believe the recommendations contained failed to provide adequate civil rights pro­ dicial imposition of sanctions for noncom­ in the Commission's report should be im­ tection, but have been responsible for much pliance with the cease and desist order, in­ plemented as soon as possible. of the racial discrimination that has oc­ cluding civil and criminal penalties. Cease 4. Assuring Equal Employment Opportu­ curred. This Commission and other Federal and desist order authority would have the nity by State and Local Governments: agencies, such as the Departments of Jus­ benefit of offering an effective and speedy (a) Amending Title VII to Cover State and tice, HEW, Labor, and Agriculture, have doc­ remedy short of the drastic one of fund cut­ Local Government Employment: The Com­ umented gross abuses of the rights of minor­ off. mission previously has urged amendment of ity group citizens by State and local govern­ (c) Crimtnal Penalties: A third sanction in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to mental agencies. addition to fund cut-off would be a provision remove the exemption accorded State and Thus, a mere assurance from a governor, making State or local officials guilty of dellb­ local government employment. In its report, mayor, or county official that the rights of era.te acts of discrimination liable to crim­ "For All the People ... By All the People," minorities will be protected will not suffice. inal penalties. Under this sanction, govern­ the Commission examined equal opportunity States and their subdivisions must, at a min­ ment oftlcials would be on notice that acts of in public employment throughout the coun­ imum, enact laws an ordinances which pro­ discrimination would result not only in ac­ try-north as well as south-and reported vide for their citizens the same level of pro­ tion against the State but also against those widespread discrimination against minority tection offered by Federal statutes, executive individual ofilcials who are responsible. group members in State, city, and suburban orders, court decisions, and executive policy (d) Private Civil Suit: Private individuals government employment. pronouncements. The laws must cover such subjected to discrlmlnation should be em­ The report pointed out that State and local areas as: powered to initiate litigation in Federal Dis­ government employees make many policy Housing: The law must require that all trict Court for appropriate relief,' including and administrative decisions which have a housing be offered on a nondiscriminatory recovery of treble damages, for intentional significant effect on the lives of the citizens basis to citizens of all races and ethnic back­ noncompliance with Federal nondiscrlmlna­ within the jurisdiction. The report (at page grounds and that the policies of the juris­ tion requirements. To effectuate this remedy, 131) observed: diction be geared so as not to prevent minor­ which would arise after administrative rem­ "If these decisions are to be responsive to ity group citizens from living within the edies had been exhausted, Title VI admin­ the needs and desires of the people, then it jurisdiction or within any part of the juris­ istrative procedures should be improved so as is essential that those making them be truly diction. to yield a reasoned determination on the representatives of all segments of the popu­ The admlnistration of State and local pro­ lissue of alleged dlscrlmlnation within a lation." grams: The State or locality must assure that brief period (no more than 60 days). In this Since revenue sharing would serve to in­ all funds which it disperses are used free way, the judicial remedy could be pursued crease the responsibility of such govern­ from discrimination and are in fact dis­ with a minimum of confusion and delay. ments, prior enactment of effective equal tributed on a racially and ethnically equita· 3. St1·engthening the Entire Federal Civil employment opportunity controls is im­ ble basis. This last requirement, which is Rights Enforcement Effort: In "The Federal perative. essentially the same as that provided in Title Civil Rights Enforcement Effort" report, the For the same reason, revenue sharing VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, would Commission examined the civil rights en­ should not occur until effective Title VII en­ apply to such State and local programs as forcement activities of some 40 Federal de­ forcement machinery has been provided, by education, welfare, health care, employment partments and agencies in a wide range of giving to the Equal Employment Opportu­ services, highway and recreation facility con­ subject areas, such as employment, housing, nity Commission the authority, in case of struction, and economic development loans the operation of federally assisted programs, violation, to issue judicially enforceable and grants. and regulated industries. In virtually all cease and desist orders. Laws also are necessary in the areas of cases, the Commission found the level of {b) Affirmative Action by State and Local public accommodations, public facilities and civil rights enforcement seriously deficient Governments: In its study of public employ­ voting rights. These laws must not only be and made a number of recommendations, ment, the Commission found that the pat­ broad in coverage but also must provide for including recommendations for centralized terns of discriminatory job distribution often effective enforcement. It is absolutely neces­ direction and coordination of civil rights en­ resulted from past practices of discrimina­ sary that an enforcement agency be estab­ forcement in the newly formed Council on tion in hiring and job assignment. For these lished having the power not only to inves­ Domestic Affairs and Office of Management patterns to be eliminated will require more tigate complaints and issue opinions, but also and Budget. than adoption of a neutral policy of non­ to conduct investigations on its own initia­ In May 1971 the Commission, in a report, discrimination. State and local governments tive, hold hearings, issue subpoenas and cease "The Federal Civil Rights Enforcement Ef­ also must undertake affirmative programs of and desist orders, seek court enforcement of fort--Seven Months Later" concluded that recruitment, training, and promotion of mi­ its orders, initiate and intervene in litiga­ the Federal response to its earlier report had nority employees. Such affirmative action is tion, level civil penalties, and order the been, with a few exceptions, one of tentative no less vital to securing equal employment Withholding, where necessary, of State and first steps toward stringent civil rights en­ in State and local government than it is in municipal funds from programs where dis­ forcement combined with promises to do the case of Federal agencies and Federal crimination is found. better in the future. It found that major in­ contractors-where affirmative action already These agencies must be fully staffed with adequacies in the Federal effort remained and is required by law. Given the lessening of trained, competent personnel. They must not that even the implementation of rather basic other kinds of Federa.l controls in connec­ be susceptible to domination by local politi­ proposals for improving agency performance tion with revenue sharing funds, it is im­ cal factions, but rather, should be perma­ has been characterized by inordinate delays. perative that State and local governments, nent, independent agencies whose members If the Commission's recommendations were under review by an appropriate agency such are appointed for staggered terms of ofilce. implemented and Federal programs were in as the Equal Employment Opportunity Com­ These agencies could be in part funded by fact operated on a nondiscriminatory basis mission or the Ofilce of Federal Contract the Federal Government, and perhaps given then the present patterns of racial and ethnic Compliance, be required to undertake plans a quasi-Federal status, such as that of the exclusion and the inequitable distribution of of equal employment opportunity affirmative State employment services. Furthermore, of­ Federal benefits would be dramatically re­ action. Such affirmative action plans should ficials in all State and local agencies should duced. The enforcement of present laws, include goals and timetables for their im­ be made to understand that it is their re­ executive orders and administrative policies plementation.5 sponsibility, subject to removal from ofilce would bring about a basic change in prac­ 5. The Civil Rights Responsibilities of by agency directors, to ensure that their pro­ tices related to race in communities through­ States and Localities: Federal civil rights re­ grams are not discriminatory in operation or out the Nation. They would, in fact, dras­ quirements, no matter how comprehensive, effect. tically alter the way the "system" operates, are unlikely to prove sufilcien t to provide the This expanded, and in many cases new, ef­ assuring greater racial justice in the com­ level of protection that is necessary to en­ fort by States and localities is not intended munities into which revenue sharing funds sure that the revenue sharing funds are ex­ to supplant Federal civil rights activities, but wouldfiow. pended in a nondiscriminatory manner. rather to supplement them. Once the States Vigorous enforcement of nondiscrimination Furthermore, States and localities must be and their municipalities prove their effec­ requirements concerning revenue sharing, required to demonstrate that they, as re­ tiveness in this area, the Federal agencies alone, will not be sufficient. There is large­ cipients of large unrestricted amounts of will be able to limit their efforts to a moni­ scale disenchantment, particularly among Federal money, can provide the type of pro­ toring and spot-checking function. Until. minority group members, concerning the will tection which will ensure the basic civil that time, however, the staffs of the two en­ and capacity of government to serve their rights of all their citizens. forcement systems should work together so needs and a loss of faith that the "system" Currently, few States can sustain this bur­ as to prevent duplication of effort and to en­ den. The majority of localities and more than sure maximum utilization of informat1on.6 Footnotes at end of article. a dozen States have no laws comparable to 6. The "State Plan" Requirement: As an- 29206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 other condition of eligibil1ty for participation class citizenship for any racial or ethnic 5 With respect to sanctions for noncompli­ in revenue sharing, the State and its pollticaJ. group. ance with affirmative action requirements, subdivisions should be required to submit 7. Distribution of Funds According to see Section 2 above. a "State Plan,'' the purpose of which would Need: 6 The civil rights enforcement capabilities be to assure that the State is realistically (a.) Distribution Among the States: Dis­ of a State or local government do not exist facing up to the problems it has and that tribution of general revenue sharing funds in a vacuum; they are closely tied to the revenue sharing funds will be used in ways should be determined on the basis of indi­ overall level of proficiency of the govern­ that will better enable the State to meet cators of need, such as the relative wealth ment. S. 241 contains a requirement that, in and overcome these problems. of the State, measured by average personal order to qualify during the second and sub­ The "State Plan" should, at a minimum, income, and the number of the State's sequent years of general revenue sharing, contain the following elements: population who are "disadvantaged individ­ States must prepare a master plan and time­ (a) A rank order of problems facing the uals" as defined in the U.S. Department of table for modernizing and revitalizing State State and its political subdivisions. This Labor Manpower Progra.m.7 and local governments. This could be an im­ analysis would be supported by data and re­ The present FederaJ. system of categorica.l portant contribution to strengthening the ports prepared by the relevant local agencies. grants is, in its very structure, responsive civil rights capabilities of State and local Problems would include those in the areas to such demonstrated domestic needs as governments. It also is an important ele­ of human resources, natural resources, eco­ these. Given the shortage of Federal, State, ment in improving the capacity of State nomic development, and other general gov­ and local government funds in relation to and local government effectively to carry ernmental concerns, b111t would be broken the demands made upon them, if we are out the planning functions discussed in the down into specifics. Thus, in the area of adequately to serve the needs of our many following Section. health care, the plan would relate to specific citizens who are trapped in poverty, we can­ 7 The term is defined to include: problems in the State and its various juris­ not afford to distribute any large amount of Any poor person who does not have suit­ dictions, such as prenataJ. care, care for the Federal revenue without reference to such able employment and who is either (1) a aged, hospitaJ. services, insufficient medical fundamental determinants of need. school dropout; (2) a member of a minority; personnel, or insufficient funds to provide for In its ongoing study of racial and eco­ (3) under 22 years of age; (4) over 45 years the nutritional needs of its citizens. nomic polarization in metropolitan areas, the of age; (5) handicapped. U.S. Department of Commission has seen how lack of adequate Labor, "Cooperative Area Manpower Plan­ (b) In a similarly detailed fashion, the fiscal resources has contributed to an ac­ State and its jurisdictions would be required ning System," Supplement No. 1, Dec. 14, celerating economic and racial separation in 1970, at 10, n. 2. to set forth what actions they have taken these areas. The lack of funds to finance 8 S. 680, S. 241, and S. 1770 all provide that in the past to cope with each of the prob­ adequat e public services causes those who lems they identify. This analysis would be each State's share in general revenue shar­ can, to flee the inner cities, and at the same ing funds is a function of (a) total popula­ both in terms of financial and manpower time causes many suburban jurisdictions to resources allocated. use zoning and other devices to exclude the tion of the State and (b) the State's "tax (c) A statement of how stalte and local poor, who are most in need of public services. effort"-the amount of revenue it raises in revenue is being apportioned in the coming It also is such factors as these that make the relation to the total personal income earned fiscal year and how this apportionment of by residents of the State. State Plan, described in Section 6, a neces­ 9 funds is calculated to overcome the prob­ sary "civil rights" protection. S. 680, S. 241, and S. 1770 all require the lems would be given. In addition, States and For these reasons, the distribution of the States to "pass through" a certain propor­ localities would detail how they anticipated general purpose revenue sharing funds tion of funds to local governments. They all using the Federal revenue sha.rtng funds permit each State, acting in conjunction should reflect a n~tional commitment to the which they are to receive. special problems of the poor and of our urban with its local governments, to determine the (d) A long-range analysis of the matters areas, where the poor and the disadvantaged basis for allocation among the local govern­ set forth in points a, b, and c would be de­ are heavily concentrated.8 ments-which basis could reflect the relative tailed. This section will require officials draft­ (b) Distribution Within States need of the respective local governments. ing the plan to spell out the broadest as­ A requirement that States "pass through" - Absent such special agreement, S. 680 and pects of the problems. This requirement re­ a. proportion of general revenue sharing funds S. 241 provide that the share of each local flects the fact that effective action toward to local jurisdictions is an important safe­ government is to be the same as its relative social change requires long term planning. guard in assuring that the cities receive their contribution to overall State revenues. S. The State Plan would be submitted for fair share of revenue sharing funds. For the 1770 uses a more complex distribution for­ review and approval to the Office of Manage­ reasons stated in our discussion of "Distribu­ mula, which makes the share a function o! ment and Budget, which would exercise its tion Among the States" we believe that such each government's contribution to State reve­ reviewing function in conjunction with Fed­ a requirement should reflect the same criteria nues, its population size, and its share of poor eral departments having major program re­ of need as recommended in that Section of persons (those with incomes of less than sponsibilities relating to the plans. National this memorandum.9 $3,000) and of persons regularly receiving policy criteria for such reviews should be public assistance. established by the Council of Domestic FOOTNOTES 1 Affairs. S. 680 ("General Revenue Sharing Act of [From the Atlanta Journal and-Constitution, One of the major concerns in the review 1971") (Senator Baker) provides that no per­ Aug. 1, 1971] process should be whether a plan takes inoo son shall be subject to discrimination on the account the special needs of minority group ground of race, color, or national origin 1n SCHOOL DESEGREGATION CASE FOR ATLANTA members and the economically disadvan­ any activity assisted by general revenue shar­ MAY LINGER ON taged. Thus, it would be unacceptable if a ing funds. It provides sanctions for non­ (By Junie Brown) State or political subdivision overlooked the compliance, including referral by the Secre­ The Atlanta school desegregation case has health needs of its poor citizens while de­ tary of the Treasury to the Attorney General been dismissed by U.S. District Court here, voting considerable resources to developing with recommendation for commencement of but it probably is not over. a highway system which, by its nature and a civil action, and the sanctions-including For one thing, the court ordered the At­ location, services only the more affluent sec­ fund cut-off-provided for in Title VI of the lanta system to submit semiannual reports tions of the population. In the past, some Civil Rights Act of 1964. on its progress to the court which will keep States and localities have participated in S. 2'41 ("State and Local Government Mod­ the case open for review. Federal programs on a selective basis, often ernization Act of 1971") (Senator Hum­ For another, the case is almost certain refusing to participate in social welfare pro­ phrey) and S. 1770 ("Intergovernmental to be appealed to a higher court by the plain­ grams such as public housing or food assist­ Revenue Act of 1971") (Senator Muskie) tiff, the National Association for the Ad­ ance while accepting Federal money for contain similar provisions; the latter bill vancement of Colored People (NAACP). suburban water and sewer facilities or rec­ would also empower any person adversely The Atlanta case is 31 years old and it has reational facilities that serve only the af­ affected by discrimination 1n violation of stayed in court all this time because of the fluent. Revenue sharing should not be al· this provision to bring a civil action to obtain numerous appeaJ.s filed by the NAACP. The lowed to support these insensitive local relief against such discrimination. school system itself has never appealed any policies. 2 While not reflected in the language of decision rendered in the case, according to Furthermore, the State Plan should be S. 680, the White House has indicated that its attorney. responsive to important Federal policies, it favors a requirement that all general rev­ Peter Rindskopf, the attorney for the plain­ such as the racial and ethnic desegregation enue sharing funds be earmarked by the tiff, has been out of town since the decision of schools and the elimination of racial and States to specific uses. was rendered Wednesday. 3 As noted above, s. 680, S. 241, and S. Contacted in Michigan and informed the economic polarization in metropolitan areas. 1770, all authorize the sanction of fund The programming of States and localities case had been dismissed by the district court, termination for failure to comply with non­ Rindskopf confirmed he probably wlll appeal should be required to reflect these Federal discrimination requirements. the case to the 5th Circuit Court of Apeals in priorities. It must be made clear that Federal "' As noted above, S. 1770 empowers any New Orleans. funds, whether from revenue sharing or person adversely affected by discrimination in "They can do anything they want to but categorica.l grants, cannot be used to aid in violation of this provision to bring a civil it's subject to appellate review," Rindskopf schemes which tend to discriminate against, action to obtain relief against such discrim­ said. "It is very possible we will appeal. In isolate, impoverish, or perpetuate second ination. fact, it's more than likely." August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29207

If Rindskopf needed ammunition for his from segregated housing patterns. De jure The time has long passed when Atlanta's appeal, he may not have to look further than segregation is the result of specific laws sep­ city limits were sharply defined from the the biracial committee appointed by U.S. arating the races.) remainder of Fulton County. The boundary District Judge Frank Hooper to work With The Atlanta decision makes it clear that now is arbitrary. In effect, all of Fulton the school system in solving its race problem. Atlanta ended de jure segregation years ago County is Atlanta and Atlanta is all of Ful­ Some members of that committee already and the remaining black and white schools ton County. are claiming they have been, at the very least, in the city result from segregated housing A first step in recognizing this fact of life misinterpreted, or at the worst, misquoted, patterns. could very well be the consolidation of the by the district court. To try to further desegregate through two school systems. The only justification­ The court order issued by two federal busing students would cause whites to leave if it can be called that--for two separate judges here last Wednesday states that the the city and make the Atlanta school system school systems is "we've always done it that majority of the members of the biracial virtually all-black, the judges said. way." group "furnished the court with a resolution There is nothing unique about either sys­ praising the Atlanta School board's efforts [From the Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta tem which dictates the necessity of keeping and recommending no further action." Constitution, Aug. 1, 1971] them separate, with separate administration Biracial committee chairman Lyndon Wade, THE CoURT's CoMMENT and separate overhead. executive director of the Atlanta Urban It is reassuring to see Mayor Massell's League, says the court's interpretation is From the decision by Judge Sidney 0. quick response to the judges' comment on "not an accurate reflection of what the com­ Smith, Jr. and ,Judge Albert J. Henderson, school consolidation. He is to be commended mittee sent to them. We did not send in a Jr., U.S. District Court, July 28: Looking for calling on the Atlanta Charter Commis­ resolution praising the board of education, ahead, the court is compelled to note that sion to begin an immediate study of the and we did not send in a resolution recom­ the critical point for public education in the problem. mending no further action. The statement City of Atlanta and its environs has been And the Fulton County commissioner was not ambiguous. It was very clear," Wade reached. The si.tuation calls for a sweeping would do well to emulate the mayor on this said. examination of its relationship to housing, vital matter. What the resolution did say, in effect, was planning, finances, rapid transit and all the .In fact, all echelons of government within that the biracial committee supported the other external factors which vitally affect the metropolitan area should reflect on the school board plan to pay transportation costs its role in the community. comment contained in the decision by Judges for students who voluntarily transferred from Apparently, no serious effort has been ex­ Smith and Henderson. They should reflect schools where they were in the majority pended on the question of consolidation of on it and address themselves to it. They to schools Where they were in the minority. the Atlanta system with the Fulton County should take a positive approach toward solv­ A second paragraph said the committee system. In terms of efficiency, taxes, and ing the problems that beset us all. also supported the board's reaffirmation of quality education, such consolidations nor­ And they should do that before we are its antidiscrimination policy. mally produce long-range improvements. In engulfed. "At first the resolution had three para­ terms of the current problems, such con­ graphs,'' said John Cox, director of the But­ solidation might well produce partial, even [From the Washington Post, July 29, 1971] ler Street YMCA and another member of the though not perfect, solutions. COURT BARS BUS PLAN IN ATLANTA committee. Certainly for many reasons connected and "But the paragraph that said we recom­ unconnected with this case, this one aspect ATLANTA, July 28.-A two-judge federal mend no further action was clearly struck ought to be studied without delay. In any panel warned that Atlanta "stands on the and did not go to the judges at all," Cox such investigation, the proper vehicle should brink of becoming an all-black city" and re­ added. be communitywide, crossing lines of in­ jected mass busing today as a means of "I honestly don't know what happened dustry, government, and transportation as achieving racial balance in the city's schools. that the court interpreted it as it did," said well as education. "The problem is no longer how to achieve Michael Trotter, an Atlanta attorney and While the school board should certainly integration, but how to prevent resegrega­ another member of the committee. participate, it cannot function successfully tion," the panel said. "Atlanta is entitled to "I don't think a committee with those per­ alone. A special mayor's committee of both a dismissal." centages (five white and five black members) races might be appropriate. The existing bi­ The ruling and a lengthy opinion came in would have come up With the type of reso­ racial committee might well be expanded to a 13-year-old suit seeking desegregation of lution the court has described," Trotter said. 20 to 30 members to undertake such a task. the city's schools. The case had been re­ "I'm sure there is no malice and no de­ If so, the court would gladly entertain a manded to the panel by the Fifth U.S. Cir­ liberate intent, but there could have been motion by any party or the committee itself cuit Court of Appeals which directed it be some slippage here. Judges use law clerks to to add sufficient members to represent the considered in the light of the Supreme draft their law decisions," Trotter said. other community aspects involved. Court's ruling on desegregation in Charlotte Trotter admitted the apparent resolution Short of such critical re-evaluation, the and Mecklenburg County, N.C. error is definitely one of the "relevant facts" Atlanta system faces a difficult task in mere­ The Supreme Court had held that mass that attorneys would look for when filing ly "hanging on" to its present position, await­ busing was suitable in that case for ending appeals. ing the uncertain reversal of white flight a system of dual schools and also suggested "How important it is I don't know. It is other means of bringing about complete from its limits. racial integration. just one of numerous findings of fact the In its rejection of mass busing for Atlanta court made. Whether this fact alone would schools this past week, the U.S. District U.S. District Judges Sidney 0. Smith and be sufficient to uphold an appeal, I don't Court here addressed itself to some of the Albert J. Henderson said a "sweeping reeval­ know,'' Trotter said. problems which the city and its environs uation of housing, planning, finances, rapid Judge Sidney 0. Smith, one of the two transit and a-ll other external factors" in At­ must face. lanta was necessary to preserve integration. judges who sat on the case said the court Federal Judges Sidney 0. Smith Jr. and made its finding from the resolution and Albert J. Henderson Jr. took note of the fact "Short of such critical reevaluation, the from talking to members of the committee that there should_be a sweeping examination Atlanta system faces a difficult task in merely_ individually. of public education's "relationship to hous­ 'hanging on' to its present position, await­ "The school board said this ( d.esegregation ing, planning, finances, rapid transit and all ing the uncertain reversal of white flight plan) was all they knew to do. The biracial the other external factors which vitally affect from its limits,'' they said. committee had no further suggestion. And if its role in the community." they supported the school board's plan we The judges also pointed to the possible certainly took this as the inference," Judge benefits that might accrue from a consolida­ Smith said. tion of the Atlanta schools with the Fulton LEST WE FORGET "There may have been some misinterpreta­ County schools. tion,'' he conceded. Atlanta is the heart of the metropolitan Whether the U.S. 5th Circuit Oourt of area. The environs surrounding the city HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER Appeals would overturn the Atlanta decision limits are largely dependent upon Atlanta for OF OHIO is anybody's guess, but there are arguments vital economic life blood. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against it. For someone in DeKalb or Gwinnett or For one thing, it was not rendered by the Cobb counties, for example, to take a de­ Monday, August 2, 1971 same judge who had been on the case for 13 tached view of what transpires within Atlan­ Mr. MITLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, in years, Judge Frank Hooper. Instead the de­ ta is a flight from reality. I:t Atlanta is seri­ a land of progress and prosperity, it is cision was handed down by two judges, ously hurt in any manner, those counties are Judge Smith and Judge Albert Henderson, going to feel the pain. often easy to assume an "out of sight, out which gives it some unanimity. Much lip service has been given the metro­ of mind" attitude about matters which Secondly, overturning the decision would politan umbrella approach. But little prog­ are not consistently brought to our at­ open the door to the sticky question of a ress has been made. Yet we are all in this tention. The fact exists that today more defacto segregation which the court has here­ together and we must seek common solu­ than 1,550 American servicemen are tofore avoided. (Defacto segregation results tions to common problems. listed as prisoners or missing in South- 29208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 east Asia. The wives, children, 1and par­ The U.S. State Department said that it The American Shoe Manufacturers As­ ents of these men have not forgotten, would be "constructive" if the limit was sociation has been seeking legislated quotas­ observed. not voluntary limitations---'to protect the and I would hope that my colleagues in domestic industry from imports. Congress and our countrymen across ACTIONS DISGUISED So, the Italian "unllateral and autonomous According to reports here, Rep. Wilbur D. America will not neglect the fact that all action," as the State Department describes Mills (D) of Arkansas, the powerful chair­ men are not free for as long as one of our it, is a sort of nonagreement agreement. man of the House Ways and Means Commit­ number is enslaved. I insert the name of One cause of the vagueness of the Ita.lian tee, said Monday that he supplied the im­ one of the missing. · action ls that trade deals are the preroga­ petus for the Italian shoe deal, advising the Col. Robert N. Smith, U.S. Marine tive of the European Common Market. Thus administration that the Italians might con­ Corps., 049641, Athens, Ohio. Married and any quotas on exports, voluntary or other­ sider such action. wise, must be disguised as administrative This was a surprise to the domestic shoe the father of three children. The son of industry and, for that matter, to some high Gen. and Mrs. Norman W. Smith, Sr., actions. Though called unilateral action, it came trade officials. East Woodstock, Conn. 1948 graduate of after visits to Italy by ex-Treasury Secre­ Total shoe imports last year amounted to the U.S. Naval Academy. Graduate of tary David M. Kennedy, now a special am­ 235.7 m11lion pairs worth at the point of ship­ U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 0956) bassador for President Nixon. His trip was ment $549 mlllion. The wholesale values here and Princeton University (1957). Offi­ followed up by visits of Theodore R. Gates, might be twice the "FOB" value, it is esti­ cially listed as missing August 19, 1969. As a high official in the office of the special mated. of today, Colonel Smith has been miss­ representative for trade negotiations, and This compared with domestic shipments of ing in action in Southeast Asia for 714 Donald A. Webster, an aide to White House 566 mlllion pairs valued at $2.9 billion. foreign economic adviser Peter G. Peterson. The shoe manufacturers association pro­ days. Another reason for the shoe industrv•s jects that almost half of domestic shoe con­ lack of enthusiastic welcome for the Italian sumption will be imported this year. In the announcement ls the feeling that it wasn't past, the industry's estimates of imports have SHOEMAKERS SKEPTICAL much of a concession. Italian shoe exports, proved conservative. the industry figures, would not have grown Mr. Richardson questions whether the by much more than 5 percent anyway this country-by-country route for limlting 1m­ HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON year. ports will provide sufficient protection for If OF NEW YORK "It is basically meaningless," said one shoe the domestic industry. both Italian and Spanish shoe imports were restrained, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry official. Wages of Italian shoe workers jumped suspects that after 8 to 18 months shoe pro­ Monday, August 2, 1971 enormously in recent months. They now duction for export to the U.S. in such nations amount to about $1.30 per hour with fringe as Brazil and Taiwan would greatly increase. Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. benefits, it is reckoned. This compares with The domestic industry would get only a brief Speaker, I address myself once again to about $2.80 per hour with fringes for U.S. respite from Import growth. the problems of an already deteriorating shoe workers. Italian shoe workers' wages DOMESTIC DECLINE American industry, that of the U.S. do­ now exceed those of workers in the British Domestic employment of the shoe industry, mestic shoe industry. shoe industry. he says, has declined from 350,000 in 1968 The recent announcement by the Ital­ STRIKES INTERFERE to about 300,000 now. ian Government that it has decided to Italian shoe exports to the U.S. are up Domestic shoe production has slipped from limit shoe exports to this country has 12.5 percent to 47.6 million pairs during the 640 million pairs in 1968 to 515 million last been greatly heralded and, while I do not first five months of this year from the same year. wish to undersell its importance or ignore five months of last year. In dollar terms, As a result, the Department of Labor has they are up 16.4 percent to $137.5 mill1on. certified some 5,100 shoe workers as eligible the necessity to keep the door open for But shoe industry experts say that the for trade adjustment assistance. They are voluntary quota negotiations, a closer higher Italian wages, strikes in the Italian paid up to 65 percent of their average weekly examination of this announcement gives industry, and the prospect of a dock strike wage for up to 52 weeks. If they are taking little reason for enthusiasm by the in the U.S. made it doubtful that the Indian special training courses, the duration of the American shoe industry. exports would increase as much in the latter payments may be extended another 26 weeks. While Italy has in the past been a ma­ half of this year. The usual cost of the assistance amounts jor factor in the :flooding of the American In any event, the shoe industry is much to about $3,000 and generally about 90 per­ more concerned over the results of U.S. cent of those eligible actually apply for the shoe market, it appears that even un­ talks with Spain on shoe exports. assistance. restricted imports from them would "So much hinges on what the administra­ At this point, the domestic industry is have amounted to less than a 5-percent tion can pull off with the Spanish," noted awaiting the results of the Spanish talks. increase this year-a drop in the bucket Mark E. Richardson, president of the Amer­ Then it will decide whether to "knock'' the when compared to the overall problem. ican Footwear Manufacturers Association. administration's efforts to get voluntary lim­ As the following article from the The Spanish are considered much more its on imports or accept them. Christian Science Monitor indicates, the competitive. Their wages plus fringe bene­ As a bargaining weapon, the administra­ fits amount to about 62 cents an hour, in­ tion has an evenly divided finding of the decline in Italian imports is of little con­ dustry sources reckon. The cost of freight Tariff Commission on the need to hike 1m­ sequence when measured against the and insurance on shipments to the U.S. port duties under an "escape-clause" action. threat presently presented by countries amounts to about 6 percent of the foreign This meant the final decision was left to such as Spain, Taiwan, and Brazil, where price. Duties add another 12 percent. the President. the labor markets are such that the When costs are totaled, Spanish shoe Voluntary action on behalf of the export­ American shoemaking industry cannot manufacturers have no trouble undercut­ ing nations would avoid the possib111ty of hope to be competitive. I feel that this ting the prices of U.S. shoe firms. foreign trade reprisals and potential damage article by David R. Francis, dated "SCARED OF THE sPANIARDS" to relations outside the trade sphere. July 15, 1971, will be of interest to my During the first five months of this year, colleagues: Spanish shoe imports climbed 41 percent to 12.4 million pairs. "We are very scared of U.S. SHOEMAKERS SKEPTICAL OF ITALIAN the Spaniards," says Mr. Richardson. H.R. 9265 LIMITATION With such large potential export gains, the (By David R. Francis) Spanish are expected to be much more re­ WASHINGTON. luctant than the Italians to limit their ex­ HON. LOUISE DAY HICKS The United States domestic shoe industry ports of men's and women's leather shoes. OF MASSACHUSETTS doesn't know whether to be grateful or Spain notes that i

THE SERVICEME:.N'S, VETERANS', AND EX-SERV­ tant step closer to the solution of those better for us all, create new industry and ICEMEN'S DRUG TREATMENT AND REHABn.I­ who are most in need of treatment. jobs and though we cannot see the moon as TATION ACT OF 1971 a vacation spot, maybe someday you can buy Mr. Speaker, the recent House passage of an excursion ticket to the moon or some H.R. 9265, the Servicemen's, Veterans', and SHELBYVILLE, IND., NEWS TELLS other planet. The point is, who knows? Ex-Servicemen's Drug Treatment and Reha­ "WHY" OF SPACEFLIGHT We hope to find out, and that is the point bil1tation Act of 1971, gives me a great deal of it all! of satisfaction. I have closely followed and strongly supported this legislation since it HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY was introduced in June. It is designed to meet OF INDIANA THE SHAI\m OF ST. LOUIS-PRUITI'­ the growing national social problem of drug IGOE abuse and dependency. At that time, I and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES twenty-two other members of the House of Monday, August 2, 1971 Representatives felt that the veterans' Ad­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, many people, HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY min1stration was in a unique position to OF MISSOURI assist returning servicemen suffering from watching the spectacle and drama of drug dependency to break away from drugs. Apollo 15, quite understandably ask, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Again, in the Veterans' Affairs Committee, we "What does it all mean?" and "Is it Monday, August 2, 1971 recognized the contribution that VA hospi­ worth it?" tals could make in treating this problem One of the finest responses I have ever Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, a recent edi­ if the proper legislative authority was sup­ read to these questions was contained in torial by KMOX-TV in St. Louis dis­ plied. Our Committee, working with a bipar­ cusses the public housing shame of St. tisan spirit, reported this bill out of the the lead editorial of the Shelbyville, Ind., News, of July 27, 1971. It is a pleasure and Louis--Pruitt-Igoe. The editorial ex­ House action in near-record time so as to presses a sentiment that I have pointed make an immediate expa.ns.ion of VA pro­ privilege to enclose this editorial: grams in this area possible. THE POINT OF IT ALL up time and again-that no matter how H.R. 9265 gives the Veterans Administra­ What's the point of spending all this much money is poured into this public tion the authority it needs to be flexible money for flights into space? It's a question housing structure, it would be a futile enough to treat returning veterans, active­ asked by many since this country's space effort to try to reconstruct a disaster. duty servicemen, and ex-servicemen who are program began a decade ago--and it has I have written Secretary Romney on now ineligible because of the nature of their been answered many times in many ways. several occasions requesting him to tear discharge. In giving the VA authority for Let's take another look at it. down Pruitt-Igoe. The KMOX editorial expansion of drug treatment services, this Some 200 years ago Captain James Cook aptly states: bill (1) establishes an orderly procedure for circumnavigated the globe in a small and the Veterans' Administration to cooperate fragile craft called the "Endeavor'. It seems Pruitt-Igoe was doomed the day it left the wivh the Armed Forces in treating service­ appropriate that the Apollo 15 astronauts drawing boards. You can't concellltrate almost men with drug addiction problems; (2) pro­ blasted off the earth Monday in a command 3,000 low-income families in 43 high-rise vides that the VA may receive and treat ex­ module named Endeavor. In its way, their buildings and expect them to survive in an servicemen on the basis of commitment from space craft, pitted against the unknown haz­ area that provided no shopping facilities, no Federal courts; and (3) clears up the ards and vastness of space, is as fragile as health services, inadequate transportation, a confusion as to eligib11ity for treatment Captain Cook's vessel. minimum of job opportunities, and almost on the basis of the type of discharge And what is the point of it all? We doubt non-existent schooling, playground, and rec­ by authorizing the VA to treat any serv­ if the backers of Leif Erickson, Christopher reational facilities. iceman or ex-serviceman With an addic­ Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Francis An environment such as this induces tion problem regardless of the type of dis­ Drake, Cortez, De Soto, Rogers and Clark, La­ acts of crime. In fact, crime and vandal­ charge he holds or any other legal problems Salle, Daniel Boone, Admiral Peary, Com­ he may have as a J:esult of violation of other mande·r Byrd, Auguste Picca.rd, and Charles ism run rampant in Pruitt-Igoe. The only laws. At the present time, many ex-service­ Lindbergh, could have told you what they ex­ way to end these problems is by remov­ men are unable to seek treatment because of pected to :find or what would be its value. ing the source which creates them. In restrictions which the law places on the Vet­ Hindsight is better than foresight and we this case, the source is Pruitt-Igoe. The erans' Administration. Estimates ranging up all know of the benefit to mankind of the editorial concludes: to 10% have been given in describing the adventurous explorations of the past. This area and its residents must be brought number of servicemen addicted to drugs in Of all the treasures we possess, knowledge Vietnam alone. In Vietnam, where the prob­ into and made a viable part of the com­ is probably the most valuable. For from munity. And we agree more money should be lem is most severe, drugs such as heroin are knowledge stems progress into areas hitherto cheap and easily available. However, when spent on Pruitt-Igoe-but not for renovation. unknown. It should be leveled to the ground. Then servicemen addicted to these drugs return to Already the entire world has benefitted the United States, they :find that the cost is new plans, new ideas and new public hous­ from the spin-offs of the space program­ ing concepts can be devised without the 43 many times more than what they have been weather satell1tes, miniaturization, printed paying, and drugs are much less readily ava11- spectern of failure casting their shadow over electronic circuits, computers and a myriad these blighted acres. able. Many of these returning veterans must of new materials developed for space but turn to crime to support their habit and adapted for earth use. Some of these prod­ I endorse the KMOX editorial and pushers to supply it. To prevent returning ucts now flying in satellites and aboard the commend it to my colleagues' attention: servicemen from being pushed into a life of space craft were made here in our own PRUITT-IGOE crime ·and addiction, we should try to en­ community-and that means jobs. courage them to identify themselves and Exploration is a dangerous business. Ex­ More millions in federal money have been look f01' treatment. I believe the provisions: plorers know this, but their curiosity on be­ proposed to rehab111tate the public housing of this bill take a long step in th.rat direction. half of mankind is greater than the hazards shame of St. Louis-Pruitt-Igoe. In KMOX­ Whatever the reasons for the increases in they f'ace. Television's opinion, this would be a futUe drug abuse and addiction, we must be pre­ Who really knows what the Apollo 15 repetition of other costly efforts to rectify a pared to help them recover and lead produc­ astronauts-Col. David Scott, Lt. Col. James monumental error in the project's original tive lives as law-abiding members of our Irwin and Major Alfred Worden-will find? concept. society. Who knows to what use the knowledge gained· Pruitt-Igoe was doomed the day it left the I am pleased that the veterans' hospi­ will be put? Even if the voyage is a failure, drawing boards. You can't concentrate al­ we will learn something-why it failed-so most 3,000 low-income famUies in 43 high­ tal at Jamaica Plain in my congressional that we can try and try again! rise buildings and expect them to survive in district has opened a drug clinic which While many say the money spent on space an area that provided no shopping facUlties, will place medical facilities within eas:v exploration is wasted, we say it is not. The no health services, inadequate transporta­ reach of all veterans in the Ninth Con­ TV set which you used to watch the launch, tion, a minimum of job opportunities, and gressional District of Massachusetts. is better because of space hardware develop­ almost non-existent schooling, playground, I feel because of the excellence of the ments. Tbe computer that printed your pay­ and recreational facilities. program that the Veterans' Administra­ check came directly from the space program Discontent, crime, vandalism and subse­ is f'or they had to invent something we didn't quent low occupancy were automatically pro­ tion obviously one of the Federal agen­ have in order to make the intricate calcula­ grammed into this ill-conceived project. cies best equipped to meet the drug abuse tions necessary for space flight. New, lighter, Originally, 43 buildings were constructed 16 problem. better insulated building materials, fireproof years ago at a cost of $36 million. Ten years The passage of this bill by the House paint, heat resistant ceramics, coated fabrics later, another $5 million was spent in reno­ of Representatives moves us an impor- and :many exotic materials will make life vation. Today, only 17 of the butldings have 29210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 occupants in about 600 apartments. The re­ facturers with comparable aircraft on the for example, close watch on the uses of maining 26 structures have been sealed shut market. the chemicals which have hastened the to prevent further vandalism and opportu­ While the Lockheed loan would be in the "green revolution"-and scrutiny of irri­ nities for crime, at an additional cost of sev­ form of a federal guarantee to banks which eral hundred thousand dollars. would actually loan the aircraft firm $250 gation schemes to assure that they will Mr. Elmer Smith, Area Director of Housing million, it would be the taxpayers who would not cause silt, salinity, and weed buildup and Urban Development, has proposed this have to repay the banks if Lockheed could or erosion and consequent dislocation of new attempt to salvage Pruitt-Igoe. He says not. The banks, meanwhile, would have no populations. if the city of St. Louis and representatives of risk in loaning $250 million, and yet they AID missions have made preliminary all public housing projects, business, civic would be earning substantial interest on surveys to identify environmental prob­ and labor leaders were to plan and work to their no-risk loan. lems which might interfere with develop­ change that area adjacent to downtown so REWARDING BAD MANAGEMENT ment in the nations we are aiding. Pilot that its residents become an integral part of If Lockheed's "airbus" airliner, for which projects are beginning in selected coun­ the entire community, then Pruitt-Igoe can it wants federal help, is commercially viable, tries to demonstrate ways of dealing with be saved. why haven't the banks loaned the firm the Mr. Smith has an excellent idea-had it these problems. The Smithsonian Insti­ money it seeks? The firm's history in the tution has contracted with AID to join been proposed 16 or even 10 years ago. It production of airliners has not been excep­ might then have had some chance of suc­ tional. In the past, it chose to produce turbo­ in the search for answers to them. cess. But not now. It is much too late. prop airliners while its competitors moved United States foreign assistance has We agree that this area and its residents to the more widely-accepted pure jet air­ been involved in a particularly valuable must be brought into and made a viable part craft. program in East Africa. Here, we have of the community. And we urge more money Lockheed's military contract history also helped train game wardens, financed should be spent on Pruitt-Igoe-but not for leaves something to be desired. It incurred roads, provided equipment aimed at pre­ renovation. It should be leveled to the enormous cost overruns on the C-5A cargo ground. Then new plans, new ideas and new serving the unique and precious wildlife plane and the SRAM missile. The firm also that inhabit this part of the world. public housing concepts can be devised with­ underestimated the cost and the technical out the 43 specters of failure casting their problems on the production of the Cheyenne Programs like these are not idle ges­ shadow over these blighted acres. helicopter. tures, nor lip service to a popular cause. Legislation to bail out industries with These are commitments that will have similar problems would only intensify the a major impact on the quality of our Defense Department's already-serious prob­ lives now, and on future generations. REPORT TO NINTH DISTRICT lem of holding contractors to adequate pro­ They truly seek to make the world "fit CONSTITUENTS duction and performance standards. forman." MISALLOCATION OF RESOURCES Protection of the global environment HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Government loan guarantees tend to re­ is of mounting importance, one of the duce the size of the pool of long-term sav­ challenges that the new aid proposals OF INDIANA ings available to non-guaranteed private we are being asked to consider today are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES borrowing, and, since the savings supply is geared to meet. Without question, these Monday, August 2, 1971 limited, it raises the prospects of increasing proposals deserve our support. interest rates for non-guaranteed borrowers. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under If the rescue of Lockheed and other major the leave to extend my remarks in the companies is to become a federal obligation. RECORD, I include the following com­ it should be ranked among all government EULOGY TO THE HONORABLE mentary on the Lockheed loan bill: obligations such as health needs, urban and ROBERT TINDAL rural development, or education. The pro­ COMMENTARY posed $250 million would assist 31,000 Lock­ Should the federal government provide heed workers, but would cut into orders and HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. financial backing to major industries which jobs for competitive aircraft industries. The OF MICHIGAN find themselves unable to pay their debts? same amount of money also would create This was the theme of the debate before the 300,000 public service jobs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress as it considered the "Lockheed Loan It should be remembered, too, that bank­ Monday, August 2, 1971 Bill." ruptcy does not necessarily mean the loss of Legislation originally was drafted to pro­ jobs. The Penn Central Railroad submitted Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, today, vide $250 million in loan guarantee authority to bankruptcy, but it is still in action. last rites were held for the Honorable for Lockheed Aircraft to work its way out of Robert Tindal, the second black man severe financial straits. After hurried hearings ever elected to the Detroit Common in the House and Senate Banking and Cur­ Council. He was respected throughout rency Committees, however, a proposal to set up a $2 billion general fund to bail out all ENVIRONMENT AND AID the city as a dedicated public servant, financially-troubled giant industries was as attested to by the countless number approved. HON. GILBERT GUDE of citizens who paid their final respects I opposed the bill. It was so hurriedly as his body lay in state at the city­ drafted that adequate hearings on its validity OF MARYLAND county building. or its need could not be held. More impor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He was a product of the civil rights tantly, such legislation is damaging to our Monday, August 2, 1971 movement, giving leadership in the economic system, rewards bad management South as well as in Michigan, where he and, in a time of severe domestic needs, it Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, President served in the capacity of executive direc­ would be a misallocation of our financial Nixon has said: resources. tor of the Detroit Chapter of the Na­ There is no challenge more urgent than tional Association for the Advancement DAMAGE TO THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM that of bringing 20th century man and his of Colored People. But most of all he was It is not the function of a democratic environment to tenns with one another--of government to pick up the tab for the failure making the world fit for man. a dear friend and associate of mine. My of a private enterprise. Nor should the gov­ feelings were eloquently expressed at the ernment be the one to decide which firms are I agree-! think we all agree. That is funeral by Mr. Robert Millender in the important or deserving enough to continue why we passed the National Environ­ following way: operations. As the Hoover Commission mental Policy Act of 1969. In the time EuLOGY TO ROBERT TINDAL BY RoBERT pointed out 20 years ago, direct lending by since that act became law, our foreign MILLENDER the government to private enterprise opens assistance program has played an im­ It is often said that you shall know a man up the dangerous possibilities of favoritism portant role in carrying out the national by his deeds. While this may be true, it is and invites political pressures. policy aimed at conservation an'd the en­ not an absolute measure of the worth of a Moreover, the bill is grossly unfair to small hancement of the environment. man, for sometimes the deeds are obscured businessmen, who would not qualify for as­ U.S. aid missions overseas have been by myth and in too many cases the motives sistance under its provisions. By eliminating for performance spring from acts of sel!­ risks to large firms, smaller competitors are alerted to the necessity of considering interest. endangered. A loan to Lockheed also enables the ecological consequences of all proj­ To truly evaluate the deeds, therefore, one that firm to fulfill a commercial contract in ects and programs undertaken in the must truly know the doer, his hopes and direct competition with other large manu- name of development. This has meant, aspirations that prompted the acts we see. August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29211 I do not wish here to enumerate the vari­ Clarkson, executive vice president of the gressed past the stage where the paramount ous deeds of Bob Tindal, for they are as well AVMA. I include the President's message concern need be how to produce more. I known to you as to me. Rather, I wish to think we all know that we are capable of talk about the man, his hopes, his aspira­ at this point in my remarks: overproducing farm commodities. Some may tions. THE WHITE HousE, take a little longer to overproduce but I I knew Bob only a short period of time in Washington, D.O. think that, if we really tried, we could over­ terms of years, but I knew him since time Mr. M. R. CLARKSON, produce them in relation to the effective immemorial for I was privileged in that he Executive Vice President, American Veteri­ market demand all the time, and all at the shared with me his belief in his purpose in nary Medical Association, care of the same time. life. Detrait Hilton, Bagley Avenue at Grand Our concern is the matching of demand Bob visioned and knew there could exist a Circus Park, Detroit, Mich. with supply. When demand exceeds the sup­ world wherein men are born free, a world The First Joint Conference of Canadian ply, the consumer suffers, particularly the where his son, Shawn, and all the other and American Veterinary Medical Associa­ men in the lower income category; and when Shawns of that world would have the oppor­ tions is a valuable step forward in the ex­ supply exceeds the demand, the farmer suf­ tunity to develop their God-given talents change of useful information between our fers. I think we have the ingenuity and in­ without restrictions of any manner. nations in an area where progress will surely telligence to avoid the type of situations But he was a realist, for he knew that to benefit the citizens of both. where people are cutting each others' many people that world was a myth, to some A vivid example of how basic such inter­ throats by overproduction and underbidding an obtainable goal and to others a mirage national cooperation is to public health is each other by over-supplying the market to be dangled before the eyes of the dis­ evidenced by the epidemic of equine en­ constantly. I feel that with orderly market­ possessed to lure them into a sense of con­ cephalitis which has spread northward from ing, we can avoid the financial suffering for tented hopefulness. Venezuela through Mexico and most recently the people who get caught 1n these situa­ He also knew that this world lay behind appeared In both horses and humans in tions. a man-made mountain of mental and emo­ Southwestern Texas. We have to start adjusting our produc­ tional stones af apathy, complacency, prej­ May your deliberations serve to reduce the tions to the demands that eXist. It's poor udice, discrimination, racist bigotry, poverty, future threat of this and other diseases to business to produce and produce hoping the and disease. animal and human life, and may they ad­ right market will come along. His dedication and commitment led him to vance the well-being of both our nations. I often hear the argument that we can join with those who sought to climb to the RICHARD NIXON. give our surplus foodstuffs to the underde­ top of the mountain, perceived this better A major address at the joint meeting veloped nations. Canada ha.s never turned world and proclaim its existence to the dis­ was delivered by the Honorable H. A. down a request for fOOd aid. It must be believers. Further, their ultimate purpose was Olson, ~inister of the Canada Depart­ remembered that continua.I food gift to the elimination of the mOuntain. ment of Agriculture. In his speech, the these countries disrupt their own markets Bob realized that this journey was a tedi­ and incentives. This is probably why they ous, dangerous, sometimes lonely, frustrating Canadian Minister emphasized the im­ hesitate to ask for more direct food aid. I venture but he did not despair and continued portance of the contribution of the vet­ think that our efforts will be more forceful upward. Often he was seen lending a helping erii).ary medical profession toward meet­ if we work towards helping these people feed hand to fellow travelers along the way. He ing the food needs of our world's con­ themselves because "if a man is hungry, took time to clearly mark the pitfalls that he stantly expanding population, and he do you give him a fish, or do you teach him encountered for he knew that others were stressed the importance of cooperation how to fish". following and he desired that their journey among veterinary groups of the various The federal government of Oanada, the be made easier. nations. provincial governments and a large number He carefully mapped the path of his journey of charitable organizations are certainly for he visualized the path becoming a road, He als_o pointed out- aware of the challenges faced by the various the road a street, the street a broad, six lane on this continent, there are no serious agricultural industries in the underdevel­ highway virtually destroying the mountain. animal plagues or parasitic problems which oped nations of the world. We are providing Shed no tear nor mourn for the man, have the effect of curtailing livestock pro­ an increasing amount of aid; our many years Bob Tindal. If you must shed a tear or duction. I recognize that this is no accident of experience is being used to advantage in mourn ... let it be for that cause he lived but rather the result of organized disease that we are learning how to apply our as­ and worked for. A cause that has lost a control programs and I further recognize sistance more effeatively; we have moved valiant warrier. For Bob was well aware, that continual vigilance with respect to all towards programs that will bring about long­ recognized, and accepted that the effort he avenues of possible disease introduction must term solutions, while at the same time re­ expended in his journey could well lead him be forcefully continued. sponding promptly to emergency situations to this place at this time. He believed "that such as the floods and conditions such as a man must do what he must do" and that The ~nister went on to stress what the recent politioaJ. turmoil in East Pakistan. if the end results are the supreme sacrifice, great assistance veterinary medicine can In livestock aid programs, Canada. re­ then so be it. provide to underdeveloped nations where cently has provided pure-bred and grade To you, Bob Tindal in behalf of those who the food-supply potential is restricted by Holstein cattle to Uganda, the Barbados, continue the journey . . . farewell-we shall the existence of various diseases. Trinidad and Korea. Our efforts have in­ surely miss your companionship, your help­ Because of the significance of ~inister cluded providing managerial staff to work ing hand, your commitment, dedication and Olson's comments, I include an addi­ in the milk-processing plants, a university most of all your abiding faith that some of his team to opera.te a Ugandan university's de­ us will reach the top of the mountain. tional major portion of address at partment of animal science and technicians For me personally I can say . . . fare­ this point in my remarks: to help with the adaptation of cattle to the well . . . friend . . . ADDRESS TO: JOINT MEETING OF AMERICAN tropical climate. An interesting case is VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND Korea. We shipped 1,600 dairly cattle there CANADIAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIA­ through a Canadian development loan. As TION, DETROIT, MICH., BY THE HON. H. A. a result of these shipments, the Koreans CANADA AND UNITED STATES CO­ OLSON, MINISTER, CANADA DEPARTMENT OF bought an additional 3,000 head of Canadian OPERATE IN VETERINARY MEDI­ AGRICULTURE Holstein cattle. There are other problems beyond disease Those af us in canada who are most di­ CINE control and improving breeds. Marketing is rectly and intimately concerned with agri­ certainly a major obstacle in some countries. cultural aid are quite interested in the In many countries, aid projects aimed a.t rather recent evolution of international HON. ANCHER NELSEN improving production have difficulties which research centers built around a specific crop OF MINNESOTA result from poor organization of marketing. or product. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It has been suggested that assistance in I have in mind here the internaltional Monday, August 2, 1971 international marketing may sometimes be centers for rice research in the Philippines, preferable prior to assistance in production the one in MeXico for wheat and maize re­ ~r.~EN.~r.Speaker,lastmonth since production efficiency is hampered by search, and the ones being established now the American Veterinary ~edical Asso­ the absence of suitable market incentives. for tropical crops and animal research. ciation and its Canadian counterpart, the Some countries receiVing large amounts of The structure of these international re­ financial assistance from overseas sources are search centers offers certain advantages Canadian Veterinary ~edical Associa­ experiencing great difficulty in getting ac­ which are not available through other orga­ tion, held a joint meeting in Detroit, cess to attractive foreign markets for their nizational structures and agreements, such ~ich. This was the first such joint meet­ products. as the United Nations organizations and bi­ ing of these two associations, and its sig­ We in Canada certainly recognize the vital lateral agreements between countries. This is nificance was properly noted by Presi­ role of marketing in the agricultural econ­ not to say that these international organi­ dent Nixon in a message to Dr. ~. R. omy. Indeed, developed nations have pro- zations have failed, or that bilateral agree- 29212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 ments are not effective. Quite the contrary. organizations in terms of creative legis­ improvements in the program. Publtc Law But there are, nevertheless, certain advan­ lative proposals and other service, Anne 91-588, which improved the veterans and tages to these relatively new international McDhenney Mathews eloquently puts dependents pension program and avoided the research centers which I believe we should loss by more than a million pensioners of exploit to their fullest possible potential. those under attack in true perspective in all or a portion of their pension benefits by Certainly the CIMMYT (Wheat and Maize her column in the Buffalo Courier-Ex­ reason of previously enacted social security Improvement Center) program, with head­ press of July 22, 1971. increases. other significant publtc laws bene­ quarters in MeXico, has demonstrated that Anne Matthews is an outstanding col­ fiting veterans that were supported by the it can bring about dramatic results, that it umnist who is highly regarded for her American Legion include liberalizations in can mobilize a global effort in wheat and objective and courageous commentary. eligib1lity for VA hospitalization, out-patient maize research, and that it can put the fruits Mr. Speaker, I recommend the read­ treatment and the furnishing of drugs and of this research to work in a meaningful and medicine for certain veterans seriously dis­ dramatic manner. I am certainly hopeful ing of the aforementioned column to my abled from n.on-service connected causes. that the achievements of the CIMMYT pro­ colleagues and include the article at this "Several other enactments, while impor­ gram can be extended to other areas, and point: tant to those affected by them, did not neces­ that we will eventually be able to provide LEGION HEAD DEFENDS GROUP sarily pertain to the entire veteran popula­ similar services to global agriculture in terms I started Monday to reply to a youngster tion. Some of these were improvements in of animal production and disease control. who sneered that I had An American Legion paraplegic housing legislation, and the auto­ It may well be that international aid pro­ Mentallty." The answer was "Amen! I sure mobile and prosthetic appliance program for grams, insofar as agricultural research is con­ have!" amputees; educational assistance programs cerned, will develop more and more along the Not a joiner of almost anything, for years for wives, widows and children of POWs and lines of these international research centers I had resisted invitations to join Buffalo persons missing in action, and GI home loan in the future. Legion auxillary posts. Auxiliary my eye! eligib1lity for their wives and widows. I believe we will also see the evolution of After 4% years of duty overseas, doing the "Our theme for the current year has been the multi-disciplinary approach to problems housekeeping for war correspondents and 'Reach Out.' This is a program of service in in agriculture in the future. In animal pro­ combat photographers, I didn't think I rated 'reaching out' to those amongst us who are in duction, we will probably see the develop­ being an "auxiliary." Then I discovered the need, to our prisoners of war, to our retllrn­ ment of teams of researchers concentrating Erieco Post of women war veterans--Waves, ing Vietnam veterans, to our older veterans, on a particular problem, or on a particular Marines, Air Force, Army, Coast Guard-and to our youth and to our communities. industry within a nation or geographical "As a matter of top priority this year we I gladly joined up with women who didn't sought to arouse the American people, as well area. Veterinarians will certainly be neces­ have to go and who served well and sary on these teams, but I think the impor­ valiantly. as world opinion, to the plight of the Amer­ tant thing here is that they will be part of a icans held prisoners of war or Usted as miss­ Therefore when I was challenged in a re­ ing in action in Southeast Asia. There are team, and not working in isolation on their cent letter by this youth who thinks that if particular specialty. This is certainly the di­ some 1,659 personnel who are missing in ac­ I don't think as he does, I'm wrong, I copped tion in Southeast Asia. We understand ap­ rection that has been charted for agriculture a plea to t he fact that if the "American in crops research, where the plant patholo­ proximately 460 of these are in prison. We do Legion Mentality" in his thinking means a not know the status of the others. The Amer­ gist, the physiologist, the cyto-geneticist, the low IQ, believing that this country right or plant breeder, the soils specialist, the fer­ ican Legion is determined that these men wrong is my country, and that patriotism shall not be forgotten nor forsaken. To this tility expert and the extension officers have isn't out of style, then I'm glad to be the all teamed up to pull together on a particu­ end, we have developed television programs village idiot. that have been seen by some 44 mlllion view­ lar project. And I have some high-class backing in a ers, radio programs, a motion picture docu­ Experience in the developed nations, and recent letter from National Commander Al­ mentary and an American Legion prayer that more and more in the underdeveloped na­ fred P. Chamie's, which was circulated to has been used throughout the country in tions as well, is clearly showing that these all posts in the country. In it, he decries churches, synagogues, and at appropriate teams must also include economists and soci­ that the generations in the Legion do not civic events. We have solicited proclamations ologists and marketing specialists. It is no communicate and that central city posts are from governors, mayors, legislatures, city longer good enough to develop a better va­ "decaying." If this is decay, we need more councils, boards of supervisors and from civic riety of grain, or a better method of produc­ of it. If this is puerlle thinking, I'm glad groups that designated a prisoner of war day, tion, or to eradicate a disease and to turn to be part of it. To continue with Chamie's week, or month. this technology loose in an agricultural econ­ letter, here are some additional points to "We made our facilities, space and staff in omy. we must go far beyond that to examine consider before writing off one of the great our Washington, D.C., office available, with­ the social and economic repercussions of our organizations of America: out cost, to the League of Families of the new production techniques, to take the prod­ "We who are Legionnaires of today, have Prisoners and Missing in Action in Southeast ucts of our research right through the entire sought to make the American Legion rele­ Asia. It is a matter of pleasure to us that marketing system to the eventual consumer. vant to the times in which we live. Congress in joint session recognized the week "A close review of the resolutions of our of March 22, 1971, as a Week of Concern for recent national conventions will demonstrate the Prisoners and Missing in Action in South­ the American Legion is attuned to the main­ east Asia. Likewise, that the United Nations THE AMERICAN LEGION HAS REA­ stream of America and to the consensus in December, 1970, by resolution recognized SON TO BE PROUD in the Congress which annually enacts many the need for humane treatment of prisoners of our proposals into law. A measure of our of war in accordance with the provisions of success in the legislative area is evident the 1949 Geneva Convention. HON. JACK F. KEMP in the fact that more of our proposals con­ "By this prisoner of war program we hope OF NEW YORK cerning veterans benefits and other subjects to assist in achieving the following objec­ of national concern were passed by the 91st tives: The release of the prisoners in South­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress than by any Congress since World east Asia as soon as possible; the identifica­ Monday, August 2, 1971 War II. Some of these are: tion of those prisoners who are being held; "Public Law 91-219, which increased edu­ the inspection of the prison camps and sites Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, besides the cation and training allowance and mod­ by a third party neutral organization such as barrages of vocal and written attacks ernized both academic and vocational train­ the International Red Cross; regular mailing against our military services, it has be­ ing programs for veterans. Public Law 91-506, privileges; and humane treatment for the come fashionable in some quarters to at­ which provided major improvements in the prisoners as required under the 1949 Geneva tack our veterans' organizations such as veterans home loan program, including ex­ Convention, to which Hanoi is a signatory. the American Legion and the Veterans tension of the program to Vietnam veterans. "Another of our priority 'Reach OUt' pro­ It reopened the program for all heretofore grams has been to serve the needs of return­ of Foreign Wars. eligible veterans who had not used all of ing Vietnam veterans. We have sought to Uninformed critics have been known to their benefits, and for the first time it in­ insure for them an appropriate program of portray these organizations as "out-of­ cluded mobile homes and made other benefits, to advise them of such benefits and tune with the times, espousing a World improvements in the over-all program. Publtc how best to utillze them. War n foreign policy and being irrele­ Laws 91-96 and 91-376, which improved and "For those returning veterans who are vant to contemporary forces in the world, increased monthly benefit payments for sick and disabled we have been vigilant to or consisting of old men who espouse the widows, children and dependent parents of see t.ha.t they receive the very best of medical dispatch of youths to war." veterans who died from service-connected and hospital care. We appreciate the contri­ causes, and the disability compensation rates butions made to thiS program by the dedi­ Although we in Congress are in a bet­ for living service-disabled veterans. cated men and women of the Veterans Ad­ ter position than some to realize the fal­ "Public Law 91-291, which increased from ministration and by the administrator, laciousness of such attacks and are fa­ $10,000 to $15,000, the amount of insurance Donald E. Johnson. In this regard we sup­ miliar with the substantive contribu­ automatically extended to members of the ported in Congress the $105,000,000 addition tions made by the Legion and other such armed forces, and has made other substantial to the 1971 fiscal year budget, which was August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2-9213 adopted. Simllarly, we ha.ve appeared before munications media, or the people's [From the Greenvllle (S.C.) Piedmont, congressional committees seeking an increase "right to know machinery," often go off July 30, 1971] In the 1972 fiscal year budget for the Veter­ MANN-BETHUNE TIFF CONTAINS LESSONS ans Administration from $9.8 blllion to $10.8 halfcocked with insinuations against billion. I! adopted, this will be the most Members of this body without letting the (By Jim Turner) generous budget in the history of the Veter­ record speak for itself. The only possible It is devoutly to be hoped that some good ans Administration. conclusions in such instances is that these will come of Congressman Jim Mann's set-to "We are also deeply concerned that the re­ people: First, did not take the time to with local admirers of Dr. Mary M. Bethune. turning veterans who are able-bodied should find out what the truth is; or second, Mann and four other South Carolina con­ come back Into a healthy economic climate having found out the truth, chose to ig­ gressmen voted against a monument for the in which they can obtain employment. To late educator, a native of Mayesville, S.C. this end we established a top priority 'Jobs nore it because it did not suit their pur­ The House vote was 288 to 90 1n favor of the for Veterans' program 1n which returning poses. In any event, these so-called news­ monument, and Rep. Bryan Dorn was the veterans are brought together with prospec­ men endanger the future of objective lone South carolinan to favor it. tive employers. Some recent examples of the journalism by impeaching journalistic If all five had voted against it, Mann would results of this program? The American Le­ credibility. They supply the tools for not look as bad as he does in some circles. gion of Colorado held a job clinic at which their own destruction by inciting the peo­ Rep. Dorn managed to inform himself of Dr. 4,500 veterans registered. These veterans ple to cry out for Government-supervised Bethune's impressive record as an educator were interviewed by 36 employers and 15 news media which will bring us that and government consultant. agencies, and 600 of them were immediately Mann, by way of explaining his negative placed 1n jobs. much closer to the point of absolute vote, referred to infiuence of Rep. J. R. "The American Legion of Maryland at its socialism when the horrors of George Rarick, D-La., who produced allegations of job clinic registered 1,971 veterans with 119 Orwell's fictional "1984" will become a the former Un-America.n Activities Commit­ employers participating. Two hundred and reality. tee, now Internal Security, that Dr. Bethune seventy eight veterans were placed 1n jobs A classic illustration of this type of had been a member of so-called "Communist and altogether 778 were eventually em­ so-called reporting occurred recently front" organizations years and years ago. ployed. The American Legion of Oklahoma It is an unhappy commentary on our state following the House vote on Senate Joint that all anyone need do to discredit others is in one day registered 6,300 veterans at a Resolution 111, extending the authority job clinic, with 100 employers participating, whisper the magic word "communist." How and more than 1,000 were hired that same for the erection in the District of Colum­ much longer must we walt to outgrow that? day. Seattle Post No. 1 of the American bia of a memorial to Mary McLeod Beth- . How much more slander and libel will be Legion has a telephone recorder operating une. Prior to the vote on this bill, I spoke allowed 1n the name of holy patriotism? How 24 hours a day to which veterans may tele­ on the ft.oor of the House, reading ex­ many deaths will it take until we learn that phone, leaving their name, number and ad­ cerpts from the files of the House Com­ too many people have died in the fight of dress. A volunteer member of the post takes "righteous capitalism against godless social­ mittee on On-American Activities re­ ism?" this information and returns the veteran's garding the affi.lia tions of Mary McLeod call. To date, 776 calls have been received; The event is past. Mann said he voted his of these 447 have gained employment. The Bethune. This was the sole purpose of my conscience. That was on Friday after the American Legion of Arizona held two job actions--to call the attention of my col­ Monday vote. Earlier in the week, one of cllnics, one in Phoenix and one 1n Tucson. leagues to the full public record of Mary his aides admitted to the press and to a A total of 1,200 veterans registered, 62 em­ McLeod Bethune's activities. The infor­ group of citizens who had protested, that ployers participated, 132 veterans were im­ mation I read from was part of the rec­ Mann had known nothing of Dr. Bethune's mediately employed, 72 were referred and 31 ord of a committee of this House. It was history When he voted. were employed after the clinic. Instead, he took the word of a Louisiana "The American Legion of Ohio held two t.he obligation of every Member to have legislator who has been one of the most job clinics, at which 650 veterans registered, complete knowledge of all her activities ardent enemies of civil rights legislation in 62 were placed in jobs immediately and 120 before casting his people's vote. the congress. Dr. Bethune is black. were pending for job counseling. The Amer­ Yet, some papers in South Carolina Rarick hae not only voted against clvll ican Legion of North Dakota held a job clinic and Georgia have attacked South Caro­ rights bills, but has Introduced bllls to repeal at which 551 veterans registered and 53 em­ lina Congressmen, saying that they voted the laws now on the books, and most recently ployers participated. This resulted in 157 against this bill simply because it in­ moved to cut off appropriations to the U.S. veterans being either placed in employment Civil Rights Commission. or on-the-job training. The American Legion volved a black person. The color of the No man with such a record should com­ of New Jersey held a job cllnic at which 600 individual's skin was not mentioned. mand instant credlb111ty when he calls a veterans registered and 37 employers partici­ The attention of the House was directed black educator communist. pated. 46 veterans were placed immediately to associations that had been cited as Perhaps Mann made a mistake which he is and the others are awaiting counseling. The subversive and Communist by Attorney reluctant to admit. It would be better to American Legion of Idaho held a job cllnlc General, later Mr. Justice Tom Clark of suspect him of ignorance than of malice. at which 410 veterans registered and 62 em­ the U.S. Supreme Court. The color of It is, no one needs reminding, less than a ployers participated. 30 veterans were imme­ year before the congressman must seek re­ diately hired and 20 are receiving counsel­ the subject was not mentioned. nomination in his party's primary. That may ing. The other applications are pending. The Another newspaper carried a story of not be long enough for the blacks in his . American Legion of Maine held two job threatened political reprisals by the district to forget. - clinics. A total of 1,624 veterans registered; NAACP against these- South carolina -One thing all of his constituents might of these, 243 either were employed or were Congressmen. Such intimidations must learn from the Dr. Bethune debacle is to scheduled for interviews with possible em­ be regarded as an indication of the po­ write your congressman. ployers. It is a valid excuse that congressman can­ "For those not possessing required skllls litical purposes for this organization. not carefully study every piece of legislation If for avallable jobs we have urged ·~n-the­ the NAACP can support her after they have to vote on. It is a sad but true job-training' programs or the obtaining of knowing the facts-and I presume they circumstance, which lobbyists and special In­ vocational, high school or college education. do-then it is an indication of their use terest groups take advantage of. "We started with 'Jobs for Veterans' pllot of intimidation to suppress the truth Perhaps if we citizens would take the trou­ projects in 17 states, and have now expanded and an indication of the real powers be­ ble to write our representatives and "lobby" the program into practically every state. hind the NAACP. I refer my colleagues them a bit, they would more truly reflect President Nixon thought so much of the idea the needs and concerns of those who elect he adopted it as a federal program." to my remarks in the RECORD of July 31, them. 1971, page 28628 and following pages. In any event, to let the truth speak LETTER FROM MR. TuRNER for itself and show my colleagues the Here's copy you requested. As you see, it extent of factual distortion that is being was really our congressman I badmouthed MARY McLEOD BETHUNE AND FREE practiced by some of the news media, I PRESS IN AMERICA and not yours. If Rep. Rarick takes offense, include in the RECORD at this point a remind him that I had to tone down my true series of related articles indicating the feelings to get the ed.ltoria.l published in HON. JOHN R. RARICK censorship imposed by the news media on our "famlly newspaper" here. truth, my original remarks on the bill But I assume your legislator is proud of OF LOUYSIANA his record and that it represents his constitu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES extending the authority to erect a monu­ ency and that he therefore would have no ment to Mary McLeod Bethune in the Monday, August 2, 1971 reason to be offended. After all, we "syndi­ District of Columbia, and a list of her cated communists" are nothing but unwit­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, unfortu­ activities compiled by Circuit Riders, ting tools of Moscow and Peking and Hanoi nately, the people who control the com- Inc.: anyway. It is no longer quite so fashionable 29214 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 to holler nigger in S.C. as it obviously st111 is Flynn, as published in the Sunday "Worker" of propaganda and pressure to subvert the in bayou country. of March 9, 1947 (page 7); Elizabeth Gurley 10,000,000 people in this country of Slavic Thank you for your kind cooperation in Flynn is one of the few outstanding women birth or descent." Mrs. Bethune was one of telling me of Rarick's record. The column leaders of the Communist Party in this coun­ the sponsors of a Testimonial Dinner which would've been incomplete Without it. try. was held in New York Oity, October 12, 1947, Peace, A pamphlet entitled "7% Million •.•" under the auspices of the American Slav JIM TuRNER. (page 34) , released oy the American League Congress; the dinner was arranged in honor for Peace and Democracy, lists the name of of * * * (Invitation issued by the Congress; [From the Atlanta Constitution, Aug. 1, Mrs. Bethune as a member of the National and the printed program, page 2). Attorney 1971] Committee of that organization; a letter­ General Clark aloo cited the group as sub­ REPRISALS "POSSmLE" IN DR. BETHUNE VETO head of the organization, dated July 12, 1939, versive and Communist in letters furnished CoLUMBIA, S.C.-The South Carolina furnishes the same information. "Fight" the Loyalty Review Board (press releases of NAACP has warned of possible po11tical re­ magazine for March 1939 (page 3), and a let­ June 1 and September 21, 1948). taliation against five of the state's congress­ terhead of the League dated March 24, 1939, The "People's Daily World" of April 20, men who voted against a monument to both name Mrs. Bethune as Vice-Chairman 1944 (page 3) , reported that Mrs. Bethune honor the late Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune. of the League. was one of the sponsors of the American Isaac W111iams, South Carolina NAACP The American League for Peace and De­ Youth for Democracy club; on a. program of field Director, saJd the vote was "untimely mocracy was cited as "the largest of the the dinner celebrating the first anniversary and insensitive" and added that the five con­ Communist 'front' movements in the United of the American Youth for Democracy, Octo­ gressmen were ignoring the interests of black States ... The League contends publicly ber 16, 1944, Mrs. Bethune was also named constituents. that it is not a Communist-front movement as a sponsor of the group (see program The House of Representatives voted last yet at the very beginning Communists domi-' "Salute to Young America Committee"). ' week 288-90 in favor of erecting a memorial nated it. Earl Browder was its vice-presi­ The American Youth for Democracy we.s to Dr. Bethune in Washington. Dr. Bethune, dent" (Special Committee on Un-American the new name under whic:h the Young Com­ a native of Mayesville, S.C., founded Activities in ·-·eports of January 3, 1939; munist League operated and W'hich also Bethune-Cookman College 1n Florida and March 29, 1944; January 3, 1940, January 3, largely absorbed the American Youth Con­ played an active role 1n the Roosevelt ad­ 1941; January 2, 1943; and June 25, 1942). gress, according to the Special Committee ministration. Attorney General Riddle cited the organiza­ on Un-American ActiVities (Report 1311 of Reps. Floyd Spence, Mendel L. Davis, TOm tion as having been established in the United March 29, 1944); Attorney General Clark Gettys, John McMillan and James R. Mann Staes in 1937 as successor to the American Cited the organim.tion as subversive and voted against the monument. Only Rep. League Against War and Fascism "in an ef­ Communist (press releases of December 4, Bryan Dorn of Greenwood supported it. fort to create public sentiment on behalf 1947 and September 21, 1948). In citing the "It is apparent that Representative Dorn of a foreign policy adapted to the interests group in 1947, the Committee on Un-Amer­ was the only South ca.rolina congresssman of the Soviet Union." (See: Congressional ican AotiVities revealed that its "high­ who had the guts to vote intelligently on Record, September 24, 1942, pages 7683 and sounding slogans" cover "a determined effort this matter," Williams said in a statement 7684.) Attorney General Tom Clark cited the to disaffect our youth and to turn them "Without a doubt, Dr. Bethune's contri­ organization as subversive and Communist against religion, the American home, against butions to this nation makes her more than (press releases of June 1 and Sept ember 21, the college authorities, and against the worthy of any honor the nation can bestow 1948). American government itself . . . " (Report 271 on her," W11liams said. Mrs. Bethune was a sponsor of the Win­ dated April17, 1947). the-Peace Conference, as shown on a letter­ "At a time when black Americans are Mrs. Bethune signed the call to the Con­ clamoring for recognition of their contribu­ head of that group dated February 28, 1946, the "Dally Worker" of March 5, 1946, and "A gress of Youth which was the fifth national tions to this country's developments, the gathering of the American Youth Congress, negative vote was both untimely and in­ Call to a Win-the-Peace Conference" in the National Press Building, Washington, D.C., held in New York City, June 1-5, 1939 (from sensitive." the Proceedings of the Congress, page 2). Williams also noted that the five congress­ April 5-7, 1946; she was vice-chairman of the National Committee, New York Committee The American Youth Congress was men who opposed the project have no blacks launched in August 1934 at a. gathering held on their Washington staffs. They indicated to Win the Peace, according to a letterhead of that group dated June 1, 1946, and the at New York University, New York City and they opposed the memorial because Dr. Be­ "has been controlled by Communists' and thune belonged to alleged Communist­ New York Committee call to Win-the-Peace Conference, June 28-29, 1946. manipulated by them to influence the supported organizations. thought of American youth" (Attorney Gen­ Williams said the action of the five con­ The National Committee to Win the Peace was organized at the Win-the-Peace Confer­ eral Riddle, Congressional Record, Septem­ gressmen in seeking support from blacks in ber 24, 1942; also cited in re Harry Bridges, their campaigns then voting against the in­ ence in Washington, D.C., April 5-7, 1946, and was cited as subversive and Communist by May 28, 1942, page 10); Attorney General terests of blacks marked them as "hypo­ Clark cited the group as subversiTe and Com­ crites." Attorney General Tom Clark in letters fur­ nished the Loyalty Review Board (press re­ munist (press releases of December 4, 1947 "Men as insensitive as these men certainly and September 21, 1948). The Special Com­ don't serve the interests of blacks," he added. leases of December 4, 1947 and September 21, 1948). mittee on Un-America.n ActiVities called the group "one of the principal fronts of the ORIGINAL REMARKS BY CONGRESSMAN RARICK Letterheads of the Civil Rights Congress, dated March 4, 1948 and May 7, 1948, list the Communist Party" and "prominently iden­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, his resolution, tified with the White House picket line • • • Senate Joint Resolution 111, extends for 2 name of Mrs. Bethune as Vice-Chairman of the Congress; she signed the call to the Na­ under the immediate auspices of the Ameri­ years the authority for the erection in the can Peace Mobilization" (Report of June 25 District of Columbia of a memorial to Mary tional Conference which was held in Chicago, as shown in the "Daily Worker" of October 1942; also cited in reports of January 3, 1939;' McLeod Bethune. Mrs. Bethune has compiled January 3, 1941; and March 29, 1944). a long and distinguished record in the field 21, 1947 (page 5); and was one of the spon­ sors of a meeting of the group, according to Mrs. Bethune was a member of the Ad­ of education, and, of course, I think before visory Board of the Southern Negro Youth the Members are called upon to vote up or the "Daily Worker" of January 19, 1949 (page 10), in which source she was identified as Congress (letterheads of the organization down this extension, they should be made dated June 12, 1947 and August 11, 1947; and aware of all of the activities in the field of president, National Council of Negro Women. The Civil Rights Congress was a merger of a page from a leaflet published by the orga­ education which Mary McLeod Bethune has nization). The Southern Negro Youth Con­ participated in, some of which may not be two ather Communist-front organizations, the International Labor Defense and the Na­ gress has been cited as a Communist-front known to the Members. From the pub11c organization by the Special Committee on files, records, and public81tions of the Com­ tional Federation for cOnstitutional Liber­ ties. It was "dedicated not to the broader is­ Un-American ActiVities in its report of Jan­ mittee on Un-American Activities of the uary 3, 1940 (page 9); and as "surreptitiously House of Representatives comes a six-page sues of civil liberties, but especially to the defense of individual Communists and the controlled" by the Young Communist League documented listing of various aftlliations of (Congressional Committee on Un-American Mary McLeod Bethune: Communist Party" and "controlled by in­ dividuals who are either members of the Activities, Report 271 released April 17, 1947, Reading from the report, we find these page 14). Attorney General Tom Clark cited revealing associations and activities: Communist Party or openly loyal to it" (Congressional Committee on Un-Americ:an the organization as subversive and among the INFORMATION FROM THE FILES OF THE COM­ Activities in its reporrt released September affiliates and committees of the Communist MITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES, U.S. 2, 1947). Attorney General Tom Clark cited Party, U.S.A., in a letter released to the press HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the organization as subversive and Commu­ on December 4, 1947. Subjeot: Mary McLeod Bethune. nist (press releases of December 4, 1947 and Mrs. Bethune was a member of the Coun­ The public files, records and publ1cations September 21, 1948). cil on African Affairs, Inc. (from a. pamphlet of the Committee on Un-American Activities In a Report on the American Slav Congress, of the organization entitled "Seeing is Believ­ reveal the following information concerning released by this Committee on April 26, 1950, ing" which was published in 1947) • she par­ Mary McLeod Bethune: the organization was cited as "a Moscow in­ ticipated in a conference of the cduncil, ac­ The name of Mary McLeod Bethune ap­ spired and directed federation of Communist­ cording to the pamphlet. "For a. New Africa" peared on the honor roll of Ellzabeth Gurley domin!llted organizations seeking by methods (page 36) , also published by the orga.niza- August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29215 tion. She sent greetings to the National Ne­ Democratic Rights, which culminated in the ... lists Mrs. Bethune as one of the sponsors gro Congress, October 1937, a.s shown in the National Federation for Constitutional Lib­ of that organization. proceedings of the Congress; she also partic­ erties" (Report 1115 of the Committee on Un­ The American Committee for Protection of ipated in the Conference on Africa held in American Activities, released September 2, Foreign Born has been officially cited as "one New York City, April 14, 1944 (pamphlet of 1947); the three organizations were also cited of the oldest auxiliaries of the Communist the proceedings of the Conference which by the Special Committee on Un-American Party in the United States" (Special Com­ was held under the joint auspices of the Activities in Report 1311 on March 29, 1944. mittee on Un-American Activities, Report Council on African Affairs and the National Attorney General Francis Biddle cited the 1311, March 29, 1944; also cited in Committee Negro Congress) • National Feder!lltion . . . as "part of what report on June 25, 1942). Attorney General The Council on African Affairs was cited a.s Lenin called the solar system of organiza­ Tom Clark cited the group as subversive and subversive and Communist by Attorney Gen­ tions, ostensibly having no connection with Communist (press releases of June 1, and eral Tom Clark (press releases of December 4, the Communist Party, by which Communists September 21, 1948). 1947 and September 21, 1948). "The Com­ attempt to oreate sympathizers and support­ ers of their program. • • • (It) was estab­ Mrs. Bethune was one of the sponsors of munist-front movement in the United States the League of Young Southerners which is among Negroes is known as the National Ne­ lished as a result of a conference on constitu­ gro Congress ... The officers of the National tional liberties held in Washington, D.C., the youth division of the Southern Confer­ Negro Congress are outspoken Communist June 7-9, 1940" (Congressional Record, Sep­ ence for Human Welfare, as shown on a let­ sympathizers and a majority of those on the tember 24, 1942, page 7687). Attorney Gen­ terhead dated August 13, 1940; she was executive board are outright Communists" eral Clark cited the National Federation ... named in "The Southern Patriot" for De­ (Special Committee on Un-American Activi­ as subversive and Communist in letters fw-­ cember 1946, as a member of the Board of ties, Report dated January 3, 1939; also cited nished the Loyalty Review Board (press re­ Representatives (1947-1948) of the Southern in reports of January 3, 1940; June 25, 1942; leases of December 4, 1947 and September 21, Conference; she was a member of the Ex­ March 29, 1944). Attorney General Francis 1948). ecutive Board, as shown on a leaflet of the Biddle said that "from the record of its (Na­ The Washington Committee for Demo­ Conference entitled "The South is Closer tional Negro Congress) activities and the cratic Action was cited as an affiliaJte or local than You Think" (received about February composition of its governing bodies, there chapter of the National Federation ... "The 1947). can be little doubt that it has served a.s what program of the Washington Committee fol­ The Southern Conference for Human Wel­ James W. Ford, Communist Vice Presidential lowed that of the National Federation. Na­ fare was cited as a Communist-front orga­ candidate elected to the executive commit­ tional Communist leaders have addressed its nization which seeks to attract southern tee in 1937, predicted: 'An important sector meetings, and conferences sponsored by it liberals on the basis of its seeming interest of the democratic front,' sponsored and sup­ have been attended by representatives of in the problems of the South" although its ported by the Communist Party" (Congres­ prominent Communist-front organizations" "professed interest in southern welfare is sional Record, September 24, 1942, pages (Attorney General Biddle, Congressional simply an expedient for larger aims serv­ 7687 and 7688). Attorney General Tom Clark Record, September 24, 1942, pages 7688 and ing the Soviet Union and its subservient cited the Congress as subversive and Com­ 7689); Attorney General Clark cited the Communist Party in the United States" munist (press releases of December 4, 1947 group as subversive and Communist (press (Congressional Committee on Un-American and September 21, 1948). releases of December 4, 1947 and September Activities in Report 592 dated June 12, 1947). The "Dally Worker" of February 8, 1939 21, 1948); the Special Committee on Un­ The Special Committee . . . also cited the (page 2), published an appeal to the Negro America.n Activities found that "when the group as a Communist-front which received People's Committee to Aid Spanish Democ­ American League for Peace and Democracy money from the Robert Marshall Founda­ racy to lift the embargo on arms to Loyalist was dissolved in February 1940, its successor tion, one of the principal sources of the Spain; Mrs. Bethune was shown as one of in Washington was the Washington COm­ funds by which many Communist fronts op­ those who signed the appeal. The Special mittee for Democratic Action. The latter was erate (Report of March 29, 1944) . Committee on Un-American Activities offici­ affiliated with the National Federation for Mrs. Bethune received the New Masses ally cited the Negro People's Committee . . . Oonsitutional Liberties" (Reports of June 25, award for greater inter-racial understanding as a Communist-front organization in Re­ 1942 and March 29, 1944). at a dinner in her honor at the Hotel Com­ port 1311 of March 29, 1944. Mrs. Bethune is­ Mrs. Bethune was one of the sponsors of modore, New York City, January 14, 1946 sued an individual statement which was the Congress of American Soviet Friendship, ("Daily Worker," January 7, 1946, page 11, printed in the booklet. "These Americans as shown in "Soviet Russia Today," for De­ columns 1-2); she received a similar award Say:" which was compiled and published by cember 1942 (page 42); she participated in "for contribution made to promote democ­ the CoordinaJting Committee to Lift the a meeting .paying tribute to women of the racy and inter-racial unity" at the New (Spanish) Embargo, urging that in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. held in Carnegie Hall, Masses Second Annual Awards Dinner, as name of true neutrality, in the cause of world New York City, March 6, 1944, under the aus­ shown, in "New Masses" for November 18, peace and democracy, lift the embargo (on picies of the Committee of Women, Na­ 1947 (p. 7). the sale of arms to Spain)"; she sponsored tional Committee of American-Soviet Friend­ "New Mtasses" was cited as a "nationally the Spanish Refugee Relief Campaign, as wa.s ship ("Soviet Russia Today," March 1944, circulated weekly journal of the Communist shown in the pamphlet, "Children in Concei?-­ page 35; and "New Masses" for February 29, Party . . . whose ownership was vested in the tration Camps." The CoordinaJting Commit­ 1944, page 29); she was named as a sponsor American Fund for Public Service ( Specia.l tee to Lift the (Spanish) Embargo was cited and a member of the Committee of Women Committee ... Report of March 29, 1944; as one of a number of front organizations, of the National Council ... on the "Call to also cited in Committee reports on January set up during the Spanish Civil War by the a Conference of Women of the U.S.A. and 3, 1939 and June 25, 1942). It was also cited Communist Party in the United States and the U.S.S.R. in the Post-War World" on No­ as a "Communist periodical" by Attorney through which the Party carried on a great vember 19, 1944, in the Commodore Hotel, General Francis Biddle (Congressional Rec­ deal of agitation (Special Committee on Un­ New York City; a letterhead of the Com­ ord, September 24, 1942, page 7688). America.n Activities, Report 1311 of March 29, mittee of Women, National Council . . . The Ws.shington (D.C.) "Star" on February 1944, pages 137-138). The Spanish Refugee dated March 1, 1948, contains the name of 3, 1949 (page A21) , reported th81t Mrs. Be­ Relief Campaign was cited at a Communist­ Mrs. Bethune in the list of members; she thune had withdrawn from a Civil Rights front organization by the Special Committee was a member of the Board of Directors of Rally scheduled to be held in Washington on ... in a report released January 3, 1940. the National Council, as shown on letter­ February 11 and 12, 1949. Mrs. Bethune was a sponsor of the Nllltional heads of that organization dated February The "Daily Worker" of February 12, 1951 Emergency Conference (letterhead of the or­ 8, 1946 and March 13, 1946. (p!llge 4), reported that Mrs. Bethune was a ganization dated May 19, 1939) ; and a mem­ In its report of March 29, 1944, the Spe­ sponsor of a testimonia.l on February 23, at ber of the Board of Sponsors of the National cial Committee ... cited the National Coun­ Essex House to honor W. E. B. DuBois on his Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights cil of American-Soviet Friendship as having 83rd birthday. W. E. B. DuBois was one of (press release of the group dated February 23, been "in recent months the Communist Par­ the five officers of the Peace Information 1940). She signed the 1943 message of the Na­ ty's principal front for all things Russian." Center who were ind!l.cted by a Federal tionral Federal for Constitutional Liber­ Attorney General Clark cited the group as grand jury on February 9, 1951, for failure ties, addressed to the United States House of subversive and Communist (press releases of to register under the :Foreign Agents Regis­ Representatives, as shown on a leaflet at­ December 4, 1947 and September 21, 1948). tration Act. The Peace Information Center tached to an unda.ted letterhead of that or­ A letter of the American Committee for was also cited as !lin organization which was ganization. Mrs. Bethune was a sponsor of the Protection of Foreign Born, opposing alien described in the Worker of June 11, 1950, by Washington Committee for Democratic Ac­ registration, carried the signature of Mary the Communist Party's Peace Committee a.s tion, a.s shown on the "Call to a conference McCleod Bethune, as shown in the "Daily one that was making available the Stockholm on Civil Rights, April 20-21, 1940" (page 4), Worker" of November 23, 1939 (page 3, col­ peace petition. (Congressdonal Commit­ and on a letterhead of the group dated April umns 7-8) ; she was one of the sponsors of tee on Un-American Activities, Statement 26, 1940. the Fourth Annual Conference of the orga­ issued on the March of Treason, February "It will be remembered that during the nization which was held in Washington, D.C. 19, 1951; and House Report No. 378, on the days of the infamous Soviet-Nazi pact, the March 2-3, 1940 (as shown on a letterhead Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, Communists built protective organizations of the Conference) ; a booklet entitled "The original date, April 1, 1951, page 42.) known as the National Emergency Confer­ Registration of Aliens" which was prepared Mr. RARICK. I WOuld like to remind the ence, the National Emergency conference for and published by the American Committee Members of the House tha.t the records from 29216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 which I have read applied only to those orga­ Poll Tax-vice chairman-letterhead, March ble for the survey were in agreement nizations which had been cited by the Attor­ 8, 1946. that such a determination would be a ney General of the United Sta.tes as subver­ (27) National Committee to Win the sive and Communist. What method was used Peace-vice chairman-letterhead, June 1, logical follow-up survey, and designs are to adduce this proof or to make the citation, 1946. in progress for an assessment of the social I do not know-! was not present. But, cer­ (28) National Council of American-Soviet costs and personal difficulties attendant tainly, I do not think that bringing this in­ Friendship-sponsor-Soviet Russia Today, to the various types of drug use. I await formation to the attention of the Members of December 1942, page 42; March 1947; Daily the results of such a survey with keen this House is in any respect un-American. Worker, February 10, 1944, page 3. interest. However, I think it is the Members' responsi­ (29) National Council of American-Soviet This survey makes clear that heroin is b111ty to know who they are being ca.lled upon Friendship-member of board of directors­ to memoria.lize as a leader for children of letterhead, January 7, 1948. not the only worrisome drug abuse prob­ future generations. (30) National Emergency Conference for lem in this country. If the hundreds of If, knowing the full facts, you want to vote Democratic Rights-member of board of thousands of heroin addicts in the United for it, vote for it, but if you do not, at lea.st, sponsors-letterhead, February 15, 1940. States were rehabilitated tomorrow, we I have carried my duty forward to advise you (31) National Federation for Constitu­ would still be faced with the use and as to what this record of Mary McLeod tional Liberties-signer of statement oppos­ abuse of a wide range of potentially Bethune shows relative to her activit.ies in ing renewal of the Dies Committee-pam­ education and their relationship to the secu­ damaging drugs by millions of people in phlet, January 1943. all walks of life. As the survey shows, rity of the people of the United States. (32) Southern Conference Educational Fund-member of 'board of directors-letter­ many of these drugs are used by large A COMPILATION OF PuBLIC RECORDS 6000 EDU­ head, July 1954; April 1955. numbers of people while on the job, rais­ CATORS, VoLUME I., CIRCUIT RIDERS, INC. (33) Southern Conference for Human Wel­ ing additional serious questions about MARY M'LEOD BETHUNE (BETHUNE-COOKMAN) fare-member of board of representatives­ how drug dependent our society has be­ (1) All Southern Negro Youth Confer­ letterhead, June 1,1947. come. I commend the highlights of this ence-Speaker-Daily Worker, December 4, - survey to the attention of all those Mem- 1944, page 2. bers of Congress concerned about drug (2) American Committee for Protection of "DRUG USE IN THE NEW YORK abuse. Foreign Born-sponsor-program, March 29- LABOR FORCE" HIGHLIGHTS OF REPORT 30, 1941. (3) American Committee for Protection of The data secured through the study indi­ Foreign Born-signer of open letter-folder, HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER cate that of the estimated 13,690,000 people in New York State age 14 and older: 1948. OF NEW YORK (4) American Committee for Yugoslav Re­ 1. Some 377,000 people use barbiturates, lief-sponsor-letterhead, July 23, 1948. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e.g., Seconal, Tuinal, etc., on a regular basis (5) American League for Peace and Dem­ Monday, August 2, 1971 (at least six times per month) and 205,000 ocracy-nationa! vice chairman-letterhead, of these people are employed . . . among June 12, 1939. Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, in to­ these employed users, sales workers have the (6) American Round Table on Indiar-­ day's crisis atmosphere surrounding highest rate of regular use (1,230 per 10,000) member-leaderhead, 1941. the problem of drug abuse, it is in­ and some 11.3% report using the drugs while (7) American Slav Congress-sponsor of creasingly important to have careful, on the job. dinner-program, October 12, 1947. measured assessments of the problem 2. Some 173,000 people regularly use the (8) American Youth Congress-signer of that confronts us. We must not be pan­ non-barbiturate sedative/hypnotics, e.g., call--official proceedings, July 1-5, 1939. icked into takir.g new measures to com­ Doriden, Noludar, etc., and 72,000 of these (9) American Youth for Democracy-spon­ people are employed ... among these em­ sor-Spotlight, April 1944; letterhead, No­ bat the problem without assurances that ployed users, the unskilled workers have the vember 28, 1945. the new approaches are based on a real­ highest rates of regular use ( 180 per 10,000) (10) Civil Rights Congress-vice chair­ istic understanding of the causes, the but none of these workers report using the · man-Daily Worker, October 21, 1947, page 5; nature and the extent of drug abuse. drugs while on the job. letterhead, September 30, 1948. The New York State Narcotic Addic­ 3. Some 525,000 people regularly use the (11) Congress on Civil Rights-member of tion Control Commission, supported in minor tranquilizers, e.g., Librium, Miltown,. initiating committee-program, April 27-28, part with a contract from the U.S. De­ Valium, etc., and 157,000 of these people are 1946. employed . . . among these employed users, (12) Coordinating Committee to Lift the partment of Labor, has made a land­ the clerical and other white collar workers Embargo--representative individual--official mark contribution to such an under­ have the highest rate of regular use ( 570 per booklet, 1937. standing with its recently released re­ 10,000) and some 3.7% of these workers re­ ( 13) Council on African Affairs-dele­ port "Differential Drug Use Within the port using these drugs while on the job. gate-booklet, April 14, 1944. New York State Labor Force." This anal­ • 4. Some 85,000 people regularly use major (14) Council on African Affairs-speaker­ ysis of drug use by employed persons in tranquilizers, e.g., Thorazine, Mellaril, Stel­ Daily Worker, May 23, 1946, page 5. New York State was based upon a repre­ azine, etc., and 55,000 of these people are em­ ( 15) Council on African Affairs-mem­ ployed . . . among these employed users, ber-pamphlet, 1947. sentative sample of all household mem­ sales workers have the highest mte of regu­ (16) Council Against Intolerance in Amer­ bers age 14 or older. Each person was in­ lar use (210 per 10,000) but none of these ica-member-letterhead, October 1952. terviewed in his home by specially workers report using the drugs while on the (17) Council of Young Southerners-spon­ trained interviewers using a question­ job. sor-letterhead, June 26, 1940. naire specifically designed to systemati­ 5. Some 37,000 people regularly use anti­ (18) Daughters of the American Depres­ cally elicit information about the use of depressants, e.g., Tofranil, Elavil, etc., and sion,-sponsor-New York Times, May 13, a wide variety of both legal and illegal 13,000 of these people are employed ... 1940. among these employed people, the rate of (19) Independent Citizens Committee of drugs. Such a statewide epidemiological regular use is the same for clerical, skilled, the Arts, Sciences, and Professions-initiat­ assessment of actual drug use is without semi-skilled and unskilled workers (30 per ing sponsor-Worker, December 24, 1944, precedent. 10,000) bUit none of these workers report page 14. The commission scientists reported using the drugs while on the job. (20) League of Young Southerners-spon­ these drug use results as the minimal 6. Some 110,000 people regularly use pre­ sor-letterhead, August 13, 1940. number of persons using the various scription pep pills, e.g., Dexedrine, Benze­ (21) Methodist Federation for Social Ac­ drugs. Underrepresentations of use were drine, etc., and 51,000 of these people are em­ tion-signer of statement-statement, De­ anticipated due to a respondent's natural ployed . . . among these employed people, cember 27-29, 1947. sales workers have the highest rate of regu­ {22) Methodist Pederatlon for Social Serv­ forgetfulness, some reluctance to discuss lar use (140 per 10,000) and all of these work­ ice-member of executive committee-letter­ illegal or socially disapproved drug tak­ ers report using the drugs while on the job. head, April 12, 1946. ing, and by drawing samples from house­ 7. Some 225,000 people regularly use pre­ {23) Nation Associates-sponsor of dinner­ hold members thereby excluding persons scription diet pills usually containing am­ forum-program, May 25, 1952. in institutions, hotels, rooming houses, phetamines, e.g., Dexamyl, etc., and 117,000 of (24) National Citizens Emergency Relief and other nonpermanent residences. these people are employed . . . among these Committee to Aid Strikers Families-member to employed people, sales workers have the of national board-Workers, March 17, 1946, While this survey was designed es­ highest rate of regular use (360 per 10,000) page 5. tablish the dimensions of drug use, it was and some 28.6% of these workers report using (25) National Citizens Political Action not an attempt to document the inci­ the drugs while on the job. Committee-member-official list, 1944. dence of drug abuse. Commission meth­ · 8. Some 21,000 people regularly use con­ (26) National Committee to Abolish the odologists and epidemiologists responsi- trolled narcotics other than heroin, e.g., August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29217 Demeral, Morphine, Dilaudid, etc., and 19,000 ment. A large percentage were unde­ I will place the complete results of the of there people are employed. . . . among cided, as 18 percent of the women and questionnaire in the RECORD at this these employed people, sales workers have 14 the highest rate of regular use (90 per 10,000) percent of the men were unsure. point: but none of these workers report using drugs [In percent) while on the job. 9. Some 485,000 people regularly use mari­ huana and 293,000 of these people are em­ Yes No Not sure ployed . . . among these employed people, sales workers have the highest rate of reg­ 1. With unemployment and inflation seriously affecting the economy, do you feel the Presi· ular use (860 per 10,000) and some 44.0% of wages?dent should ______use the powers already granted him by Congress --______to freeze prices and _ these workers report using marihuana while 71 19 10 2. D~you1ncreases. favo~ ______increasing social security benefits "automatically," based on cost-of-living _ on the job. 83 13 4 10. Some 50,000 people regularly use LSD 3. Should the United States commit its resources and military power, if necessary, to guar- and 25,000 of these people are employed . . . tee the continued existence of Israel? ______34 49 17 among these employed people, sales workers 4. Are you ·satisfied with the job that J. Edgar Hoover is doing as Director of the Federal 61 28 11 have the highest rate of regular use (260 per Bureau of I nvestigation7 ------__ ------______10,000) and some 26.7% of these workers re­ port using LSD while on the job. 11. Some 34,000 people regularly use methe­ RURAL RENEWAL The United States is suffering a sickness drine and 10,000 of these people are em­ which desperately needs correct diagnosis ployed . . . among these employed users, and not simply surface remedies. Before we sales workers have the highest rate of regu­ HON. ARTHUR A. LINK can really start, it is necessary for our coun­ lar use (70 per 10,000) and all of them re­ OF NORTH DAKOTA try to establish a national policy distribu­ tion of opportunity, and hence population. port using the drug while on the job. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12. Some 41,000 people regularly use heroin This must come about through Congres­ and 34,000 of these people are employed . . . Monday, August 2, 1971 sional recognition of what causes population shift and what it is doing to America. Con· among these employed users, sales workers Mr. LINK. Mr. Speaker. A strong need have the highest rate of regular use (210 per gress must establish national policy and 10,000) and all of them report using the drug exists to initiate a meaningful program leadership if there is to be any hope to while on the job. to bring about a more realistic popula­ stabilize the costly maldistribution of our These highlighted figures are a numerical tion balance in the United States. people. projection of the more "stable" of the drug Clearly, rural renewal is an integral part Quality of living need not continue to slide users and consequently constitute mini­ of urban renewal. downward in both our congested and under­ mums. Anyone who has become personally Gov. William L. Guy, of North populated areas while the standard of living and socially dysfunctional as the result of Dakota, wrote a poignant letter to Life rises in America-but it will if we do not drug use, e.g., "heroin street addicts," "speed get some strong leadership to show us how freaks," "acid heads," etc., generally were not magazine in response to an article on to pull up our national sxks. available for interview. Thus, only those drug the disappearance of small towns in the People do not have to leave the spacious users with a place of residence or routine "at upper midwest. Part of Governor Guy's midcontinent area to jam thP- crowded home" hours were located. In some cases letter was printed in the July 30, 1971, coastal regions-but 100 m.lllion more Ameri­ these minimal figures should be multiplied edition of Life magazine. cans will do just that in the next 30 years by 3 or 4 in order to project maximum in­ I include the text of Governor Guy's unless some great leader has the political volvement. Since these dysfunctional drug guts to tell us what we are doing to our­ users are not part of the employed labor letter in the RECORD. selves. force, the projections of use within the vari­ The letter follows: The Viennas of South and North Dakota ous occupational groupings are reliable as STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, could share in providing for a few of those they are reported. ExECUTIVE OFFICE, millions of new Americans if our national Bismarck, N.Dak., July 2, 1971. policy would permit it to happen. Oppor­ Mr. THOMAS GRIFFITH, tunity in those small towns could once again Editor, Time Incorporated Publisher, Rocke­ blossom if we were to encourage the oppor­ QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS-29TH feller Center, New York, N.Y. tunities that man-made programs and DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA DEAR MR. GRIFFTrH: Dale Wittner's story policies have created to cause overpopula­ of the disappearance of the small towns in tion in other areas. the Upper Midwest had particular sadness There is so much we could do as a nation HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON for me because I am a product of such a if we would stop racing from one crisis to small town farming community and the another. We must develop at the national OF CALIFORNIA Governor of a state which is suffering the level the kind of federal comprehensive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES steady erosion of its rural and small town planning that has borne fruit for many Monday, August 2, 1971 life year by year. communities and states. For years, your readers have been told Time has already run out for many people Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, last about the terrible social and economic costs and many communities. We can only hope month I sent out a questionnaire to every of packing too many Americans into sprawl­ that there will be a future for those who household in my congressional district. ing cities-the rising crime rate, stumbling , remain. The results indicated that a freezing of mass transportation, smog, ghettos, polluted Sincerely yours, water, fire hydrant swimming pools, over­ prices and wages by the President was Wn.LIAM L. GuY, Governor. loaded hospitals, crowde.d schools. strongly supported in order to halt Now Vienna, South Dakota, shows your inflation. readers the other side of the coin. People Responses to other questions revealed: leaving the farms and small communities A firm approval of the proposal that is less dramatic, but stlil is a part of the AMERICAN LEGION PROGRAM would provide automatic cost-of-living gradual diminishing of our national quality "REACH OUT" increases for social security beneficiaries, of life being carried out at great social and a reluctance to commit U.S. resources economic cost. HON. W. C. (DAN) DANIEL and military power to guarantee the con­ The exodus from the country means lower tax bases and fewer people to allow or justify OF VIRGINIA tinued existence of Israel if this should the things we all seek such as schools, medi­ become necessary, and slightly more cal services, sewer and water Rystems, parks, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than a 2-to-1 approval of the job that churches, Campfire Girl Troops, 4-H Clubs, Monday, August 2, 1971 J. Edgar Hoover is doing as Director of fire engines, law enforcement, and on and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. on. Mr. DANIEL of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, Men and women agreed on the ma­ This tragedy besetting America is not a as past national commander of the natural disaster like a flood or hurricane­ American Legion, I was privileged to be jority of the issues, with the only sig­ it is man-made. It has been under way for nificant variation showing up in the decades and is a product of many factors, present at the department convention question relating to the defense of Israel. not the least of which are the induced of the American Legion held in Norfolk. Nearly half of the respondents answered population shifts caused by federal govern­ Va., on July 17 when that body was ad.: in the negative on this question, but 36 ment activities and our free enterprise sys­ dressed by National Vice -commander percent of the men and only 32 percent tem's aversion to controls and government Bob Eaton, of the American Legion. I of the women favored a strong commit- planning. was impressed by his remarks in present- 29218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 ing the American Legion program for "Oh! the times, Oh! the customs." These student unrest for some months; she con­ this year, "Reach Out." words are just as timely today. cluded that there would not be any student Bob Eaton attended West Point and We like ito believe 'that nothing can happen unrest were it not for some of the faculty retired from the Air Force as a major to our own republic. I believe that this is members. true. But it is only true because from the It is ironic to me that so many of our general after 30 years of distinguished days of our ancestors to the present, we have young students who think of themselves as service. For the last 10 years he has con­ reacted successfully to the conditions, the being such original and creative thinkers, tinued his service to the commnnity, challenges and the changes with which we are simply parroting the ideas of their el­ State and Nation through the American have been faced with a vigorous show of ders-not their fathers, but faculty members Legion. He has served as department strength. When balance has been restored, we slightly older than themselves--faculty commander of his own department of again believe that our republic is anchored members, who in many cases learned their Maryland and has served two terms as in bedrock and cannot be moved by the winds lessons from the radical professors of the or tides that whirl around us. 1930's. Academia seems to feel that it has a Maryland national executive collllriittee­ Some years ago a leader of a foreign coun­ mission, based on some sort of inner arro­ man. He is presently serving as one of try, visiting the United Nations, became un­ gance, to change everything around us to­ the national vice commanders of the happy at the proceedings. He ~took off his wards some sort of Utopia. Educators feel American Legion. shoe and pounded the table, making an im­ that because of their education they know In his remarks National Vice Com­ passioned diatribe against the free world, and what is best for us. They feel that we should mander Eaton stated: our country in particular. At the time, many stand by and let them change our institu­ of us put his words and aotions down as the tions. They feel that we should stand the The challenge to us in the American Legion ravings of a barbarian; we were tempted to cost, not only in money, but in turmoil and today is to do those things necessary to help forget the whole thing.-But in the 15 years uncertainty for those experiments which America to continue to be good a.nd thus that have passed since then, we should re­ they dream up on an idealistic basis, a look great. Our attitude is best expressed by the member some of the things that he said toward Utopia which ignores the lessons of policy determination of our national orga­ about us: that we would disintegrate from history-which has not dealt kindly with nization to give action and public support within, that the intelligentsia and students Utopians. to public a.nd private officials who wlll would turn against us, and that the com­ When one thinks in terms of turning the persevere in the folloWing efforts: munist countries would "bury us" and never To expose and put down anarchy; university system off and getting the uni­ have to fire a shot. versities back to teaching the young, we To preserve public a.nd private institutions When we see sullen mob type displays in from usurpation or destruction by mob rule; must face up to some of the weaknesses of our nation's capital such as the recent May the present university system. These weak­ To insure the safety of all citizens from Day spectacle, a display that was brought willful harm; ness are based on traditional sacred cows. under control by our Washington Police De­ One of these is academic freedom. What does To stand firm against threats and criticism partment, perhaps the best Pollee Depart­ in performing their duties to protect and acadeinic freedom mean? It means that a ment in the world, backed up by 10,000 fed­ Math professor can be hired, and he has free­ promote the public interest; eral troops, definitely the best disciplined To lead our country to rational and peace­ dom not only to teach Math, where he would troops in .the world, we might remember be presumed to have some competence, but ful solutions to our everchanging problems; Khrushchev's words. Then when we see the To instill in the American people a new his academic freedom extends to his part militants of the mob repair to the University time chore of Qrganizing cells of the New growth of civic responsibility, love of coun­ of Maryland and incite the students to riot try and faith in God. Left. How do we get rid of someone like this? to the extent -that it is necessary to call out He is protected by another shibboleth, "ten­ I am placing National Vice Command­ the National Guard to bring the university ure." What does tenure mean? Simply that er Eaton's speech in the RECORD so that under control; then we should remember once a professor has been appointed, he can­ my colleagues can read it in its entirety. Khrushchev's words. not be fired. The speech follows: Conditions are more serious than at any time in our history. We do have to address Now as to remedies, we must remember ADDRESS OF NATIONAL VICE COMMANDER RoB­ our thoughts and actions towards the prob­ that students do not come near to support ERT E. L. EATON, BEFORE THE VmGINIA DE­ lems that bring about this chaos. But I, for of the school. Our private schools are sup­ PARTMENT CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN one, do not believe that the United States is ported by foundations and endowments. For LEGION--JULY 17, 1971 ready for burial. example, even though MIT owes its existence Department Commander Powell, Those who predict doom would have us to those pillars of the capitalistic system, the Past National Commander Congressman forget the remarkable progress made in our Guggenheims, the Fishers, the Eastmans, the Daniel, great country, not only in ancient times, but Fords, the Rockefellers and others, they are Past National Commander James, within the last 50 years. Several elements of now under the domination of Professor Distinguished Guests, our society attempt to convince us that Glomsky, who devotes his spare time to pro­ Members of the 53rd Annual Convention everything is wrong, that violent change is ducing riots on the campus, using non stu­ of the Department of Virginia; It is with a necessary, that the future is dark unless we dents as inciters to produce chaos. In the great deal of pleasure that I appear before revolutionize our traditional thinking. Un­ control of private colleges, there is, of course, you to bring you greetings and congratula­ less reasonably contained, this effort to pro­ a remedy; stop giving them money. tions from our National Commander, Alfred mote chaos, in the name of a vague Utopia, In our state supported university system P. Chamie. The Department of Virginia has without any real intelligent alternative, will the taxpayers support the universities. We always had a reputation for strong programs, surely lead to our destruction. Many ele­ have given away our control by insulating and we are pleased that your programs this ments of our society contribute to this pro­ the faculties through the setting up of a year continue to reflect the strength that has motion of chaos, but I believe that there are Board of Regents' system. The Board of Re­ always been identified With Virginia. three major catalysts: gents are often made up of political hacks Our national program this year has been (1) The Educational System: and are expected to be ineffective. In the case entitled "Reach Out." In this program the The first and most important element in of the state universities and schools, the American Legion is attempting to strengthen the promotion of anarchy is our academic in­ remedy is for us taxpayers and voters to see all of our own programs, and also to reach stitutions, primarily the university system. that proper supervision is provided. out to national issues, such as the prisoners Academia deals with our young people. I should like to make it plain that I am of war stalemate. All of our own progmms Youth has always been the most idealistic not against academic freedom, nor am I op­ are meeting with success. There is some indi­ element of our society, the most impression­ posed to tenure which helps insure academic cation that our prisoners of war program has able, the most aware of our shortcomings, freedom. But freedom is not license. Tenure indeed brought about some hope for an early and the most impatient for changes in the should not protect incompetents. Our uni­ release of these heroic men. more traditional ways of doing things. versity system needs to be revamped so that Our program for the year is well described This fact has been reinforced by our special academic freedom is accompanied by a sense by the words of the great labor leader, Sam­ American reverence for education. From of responsibility. uel Gompers. When he was asked the ques­ the establishment of the very first American (2) The News Media: tion, "What does labor really want?", he an­ university-the College of W111iam and The second element of our society that swered, with a touch of wit, "More". What Mary-our academic institutions have been makes major contributions to our unrest and our program, "Reach Out", means is that all our special pride. It has been our faith and chaos is the news media. The news media are of our programs will require "more" from the belief that general education at the highest protected by the First Amendment to our American Legion at all levels, and particular­ level could only lead to greater and greater Constitution. It was recognized by James ly at the Post and community level. strengths for the republic. In order to do Madison and others of our founding fathers We do indeed live in troublesome times. this, we have given a great deal of freedom that one of the dangers of the First Amend­ The great orator, Cicero, speaking more than to those who run our universities and teach ment was the development of an irresponsi­ 2,000 years ago, deplored the decadence and our young people. This freedom has led to ble press. Thus, the First Amendment guar­ decline of the republic to which he was de­ unhealthy developments throughout the antees the right of the news media not only voted with the words, "0 I temp ora, 0! land. to tell the truth, but to indulge in outright mores." If my high school Latin serves me Congresswoman Edith Green of Oregon propaganda activity to carry their own pre­ rightly, his words can best be translated. chaired a subcommittee that investigated determined view. This was to be a price tag. August 3, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29219

Let me 11lustrate. When I was in Vietnam old man Ochs, is doing snap rolls in his grave, grams, not just for veterans but the whole on a mission for the American Legion at the but there you are. community. In our youth programs we have time of the Tet offensive in 1968, I came away What is the remedy for the press prob­ co::1tributed more than 250 million dollars, with a firm conviction that the truth was not lems? Yesterday, when I spoke in Ohio, I and the program continues at the rate of 10 being told about the war. On my return I was followed on the rostrum by an individ­ million dollars per year. In our junior base­ went to an old friend, a senior editor of For­ ual from the news media who a-ddressed ball program, 60,000 youngsters were suited tune, and I said, "Charlie, you have to write himself to remedies that might be effective. up last year. Our Boys State oratorical pro­ one of your great articles telling the truth I find myself in agreement. gram is another important contribution with about the war." His answer was, "I'm sorry, You can do your best to combat what you new and higher scholarship awards. Then I know the truth. I would like to write the get by comparing or following competitive there ts the GI Bill, which the American Le­ articles, but my colleagues won't let me. Our media, keeping in mind the limited and mo­ gion alone sponsored. When we have educated publishers are opposed to the war, and the nopolistic electronic media selection and the GI and allowed him to take his place in truth cannot be told." What this means is the fact that newspapers available are often society, this general increase in education re­ simple. The major news media were opposed monopolies too. But, in the last analysis, sults tn an overall improvement of our econ­ to the war, based on their own determina­ you must remember that you can't believe omy by increasing the productivity of society tion, and they were propagandizing to what you read and hear. as a whole through a better educated popu­ change the public to their own point of view. Again I should like to make it plain that lation. We can also take great pride in ow­ Let me make another illustration. The re­ I am not against freedom of the press. But support of adequate national defense; not cent CBS documentary controversy was based I greatly fear for the freedom of our nation only to maintain a posture and an image on one simple fact admitted by all; that the if the freedom of the press is not accom­ which helps us to avoid war, but to see that electronic network cut the tapes of state­ panied by a sense of responsibility, by a the simple soldier is adequately trained, ments made by those interviewed in such a code of ethics which we have come to ex­ equipped and led when called upon to defend manner as to give the impression that the pect in other professions such as law, medi­ the country. official interviewed had given an entirely dif­ cine, and, yes, public service. But, more important than these programs, ferent statement than that which he actually (3) Political Leadership: is our responsibility of leadership in the local gave. CBS defended its position on the basis The third element in our society which I community. The French philosopher, De of freedom of the press and the First Amend­ believe has · failed us are some of our po­ Tocqueville, in visiting our country 100 years ment. liticalleaders. When a national figure rushes ago said, "America is great because she is In the case of the electronic media, we down to address a mob on the Mall, he good-and if America ceases to be good, must remember that this media has a mo­ reminds me of the action of one of the America will cease to be great." In the wars nopoly, and if you don't like the unctuous leaders in the French Revolution, who is re­ that we have fought in our century, World tones and pious noises of Cronkite, you can ported to have said, "I must go down and War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam, the only turn to NBC and ABC for relief. Each get in front of y:::>nder mob. I am their lead­ important 'jhing is that we were trying to do of them has an axe to grind also of one sort er." Why responsible national leaders, in good. We were trying to extend the blessings or another. an effort to garner votes, should want to of liberty and self determination to others contribute to the mob pressure of minority and assist others in protecting their right to I have one other example of the irresponsi­ defend themselves. The challenge to us in the bility of the press. In these times we cannot interest, is beyond me. I would think that they would direct their interest to us vet­ American Legion today is to do those things escape considering the so-called Pentagon neces.:;ary to help America to continue to be papers' episode. These papers really should erans and "hard hats" instead. One of the most deplorable efforts of some good and thus great. be called the McNamara papers. For a time Our attitude is best expressed by the policy secretary McNamara was thought to have a of our political leaders is their stooping to use the "big lie" technique. Hitler was the determination of our national organization, secure place in history as the maker of arrived at during our 50th Anniversary year, the Edsel, a boo-boo of some importance to inventor of the "big lie." He indicated that if you tell a lie big enough and often when our organization put itself on record to Ford. Then came the TFX, and we changed enough, some people will believe it. give "action and public support to public and our minds in favor of this effort as estab­ private officials who will persevere in the fol­ lishing McNamara in history. A little further Let me illustrate with a current example. In the recent SST action in the Congress lowing efforts: down the road came the multi-billion dol­ "To expose and put down anarchy; lar electronic fence. As each came along we a spurious scientist was produced, who indi­ cated that if the SST was built, we would "To preserve public and private institu· said, "This is the one that would establish tions from usurpation or destruction by mob McNamara's place in history, but his last all be in danger of developing skin cancer. The SST program was supported by the rule; effort was the greatest thwt really established "To insure the safety of all citizens from his place in history. He commissioned 36 whiz American Legion. We recognize that as a result of our mandates, keyed to our belief willful harm; kid ·experts to produce a "history" which "To stand firm against threats and criti­ woulc! guarantee his place with future gen­ in the importance of our maintaining tech­ nical leadership in aviation, we strongly sup­ cism in performing their duties to protect erations. Supposedly to insure objeotivity, and promote the public interest; these whiz kids were promised anonymity; ported the program, but there might be legitimate economic, technical or other fac­ "To lead our country to rational and peace­ they were told not to interview the people ful solutions to our ever-changing problems; involved (people, who incidentally, k.new tors that would weigh in the ultimate de­ cision. But the spurious untruthful ad­ "To instill in the American People a new something about the real facts); and finally, growth of civic responsibility, love of country the results were limited to 15 closely con­ vancement of a fear system unsupported by the legitimate scientific community, was and fa1th in God." trolled copies. I think that it is significant If we can lead through these principles in that Secretary of State Rusk had never even painful for us to accept. The Jefferson School of Democracy, which our local communities, we will have done heard of the project; the substance was never "more" through our "Reach Out" program. discussed with the White House staff; and was a high flown name for a training ac­ tivity of the Communist Party, drilled its Again, our congratulations on the great job the military services and the JCS were spe­ that the Virginia Department is doing. cifically excluded from the distribution. The students in the utilization of communist authors simply didn't want to be bothered cadres' techniques to fool the people. These Thank you. included the testimonial technique, which by troublesome facts. Honest history names TURN IN A PUSHER-TIP its author. Hone&t history exposes itself to we have just demonstrated. Another one the critical glare of other historians. But was, "We're all in this together" technique. most of these authors were not historians. Another technique was in the use of smear HON. SAM GIBBONS That these individuals were anti-war words or virtue words. When we see some of anti-military and anti-administration goe~ our political leaders using these techniques, OF FLORIDA without saying. That these anonymous au­ we should recognize them as damaging and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES remember there is an effective remedy. When thors produced a document thB~t proves that Monday, August 2, 1971 · Secretary McNamara and his senior asso­ we enter the polling booth and pull that ciates, as well as the Presidents they served, black curtain down behind us, we should Mr. GffiBONS. Mr. Speaker, I would were either knaves or idiots or both is not at do our duty. like to call to the attention of my col­ all surprising. It is also not surprising that a Edmund Burke, the statesman, said, "The leagues a program· sponsored by the little sniveling bureaucrat, who was never only thing necessary to make evil succeed is for good men to do nothing about it." In our Greater Tampa Chamber of Commerce within a country mile of any of the decisions program, "Rea-ch Out", where we expect entitled "Turn in a Pusher-TIP." TIP concerned, would steal the documents and "more" from you, one of our new areas of has been in operation in Tampa since attempt to peddle them. What is surpris­ action is taking on leadership in your local February of this year and is aimed at ing is that the New York Times, a sheet that community. would like us to think it is the greatest of identifying, arresting, and prosecuting We should take great pride in our pro­ known narcotics pushers in our com­ our newspapers, would entertain the idea of grams that have been perfected throughout publishing the documents by these anony­ the years. Our VA hospitals, with their teach­ munity. ha.ppenings in a.n even worse light. I suppose ing facilities and their improvement of the TIP accepts anonymous calls from citi­ that the great builder of the New York Times, ge11:eral health of the n&tion, are worthy pro- zens, gives the caller a code name, and CXVII--1838-Part 22 29220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 then turns valid tips over to the police. days. I think many times proper atten­ paneling walls and doing general cleanup If a pusher is convicted, the caller can, tion is not given to many members of on the rambling building that is the council's through his code name, get a reward of these communities who are making a new home. up to $500 while remaining anonymous. real effort to solve some of these "The young people help with everything," said Mrs. Payne. "Some have devoted more To date, five convictions have resulted problems. than 40 hours a week in volunteer service." from this program. and 280 cases are now I would like to bring to the attention Mrs. Payne doesn't consider her position being processed through the courts. of the House the following article by a white collar job. I think this is a unique approach to Gail Simmons which appeared in the "I go out to my people to find out why solving one of the most important prob­ Louisville Times describing the fine work things are the way they are-why they exist," lems in American society today, and I being done in Louisville by Mrs. Barbara she said. "I cannot sit behind a desk and would like to call to the attention of my Payne, the youth adviser of the Jack­ tell you what the youth are doing. colleagues an article on TIP in the cur­ son Area Council. "I'm here because I know the kids are rent issue of Newsweek: I have worked closely with the Jack­ ready to work. I tell the kids, 'You may not be able to reach the moon, but you can touch THE PUSHERS PuSHED son Area Council for several years. This that star and go on.'" Police in every city assiduously cultivate project is most worthwhile and should their own brood of pa.id underworld in­ receive the total support of the com­ formers in the struggle against crime, but mnnity. UNFAIR MILITARY DISCHARGES now ofilcials in Tampa, Fla., are carrying the No PROMISES, PROMISES-NEW JACKSON informer system a major step forward in YOUTH ADVISER DEALS IN DEEDS their drive to rid the town of drug pushers: (By Gail Simmons) HON. ABNER J. MIKVA they have set up a system of rewards and OF ILLINOIS urged ordinary citizens to turn informer and Mrs. Barbara Payne says she knows what share in the bounty. The Tampa program the youth of the Jackson area want and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was created after a 1970 study disclosed that intends to do everything she can to help Monday, August 2, 1971 the number of hard-drug addicts in the city them get it. had soared to some 4,000 (!rom an estimated "The youth in the Jackson area are just Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, military 50 or so just a few years earlier). The idea tired of being poor. This time they aren't justice in this country has received a !or the informer program originated with a begging for anything, they only want the good deal of criticism recently. Some former FBI agent named James Cusack; it door open and they'll get it themselves," people have observed that it places too was received enthusiastically, and last Febru­ said the new youth adviser of the Ja.ckson much emphasis on the "military" and ary, after local business leaders dona.ted an Area Council recently. initial $8,000 in bounty money, the "turn­ "All these kids have 1s a million dollars not enough on the "justice." A case in in-a-pusher" crusade was launched with a worth of promises that never draw interest point is the free use of general and dis­ barra.ge of posters and a fanfare CY! TV ads. or dividends," said Mrs. Payne. "They would honorable discharges to separate some- To insure an informant's anonymity, TIP rather have $10 worth of results. one from the military service. While they conducts its business under a secrecy shroud "I lived in the ghetto around 11th Street," come under the heading of administra­ worthy of the CIA. TIP operators assign each said Mrs. Payne. "At 15 I quilt school, got tive action, general and dishonorable dis­ caller a code name gleaned from the tele­ married and felt that I had made it like charges still are part of the system of phone directory of a distant city. To collect many young people around here do." military justice. his reward, the informant has to follow the Mrs. Payne decided to work for a high newspapers to discover if his tip has indeed school equivalency diploma and was grad­ There is a stigma attached to any dis­ produced a conviction; 1! so, he must call uated as an honor student !rom the Gen­ charge other than an "honorable" one. back to arrange the payoff-always using his eral Education Development (CED) degree It is a stigma that can stay with a person code name. A bounty of up to $500 in cash program at John F. Kennedy School. for a lifetime. Besides depriving him of is then paid him, depending, says Cusack, WOBK.ED AT SCHOOLS some veterans benefits, it can make the "on the type of fish we catch." She began working as a programming chances of getting a job in an already­ To date, TIP has received 3,000 calls and, supervisor at Cotter Elementary School and tight job market even worse. There 1s while only five convictions have resulted, DuValle junior high, directing recreational little room for distinction under the cur­ Tampa's overburdened courts are currently programs. striving to process no !ewer than 280 drug "All I needed was a push and a pat on the rent system. A man can get a dishonor­ cases that stem directly !rom informants' back to get started. And that's all these kids able discharge for being convicted of a leads. "We have more information than we need," she said as her eyes darted toward serious crime. Another man can agree to can run down," groans Tampa sheriff Mal­ the group of young people gathered around accept a general discharge for not being colm Beard. Predicta.bly, the program has the game room of the Jackson Area Council able to adjust to military life as a re­ also generated a wave of practical jokes. One om.ce. cruit. To a prospective employer, they victim was the headmaster of a local boys' Mrs. Payne, mother of five, joined the are both the same because neither man school. He was named as a pusher in twenty council staff about six weeks ago and already has an honorable discharge. separate phone calls before bewildered police has a number of plans, including an indoor­ caught on to the identity o! the tipsters­ outdoor community cleanup campaign re­ The House Armed Services Committee the headmaster's young charges, of course. viving the Jackson Area Youth Council and already has held hearings on the prob­ Not surprisingly, TIP has also served as a creating a volunteer escort service designed lem. It is in the process of reporting out psychological outlet !or scores of citizens who to reduce the number of street crimes in the a bill lains his reasons for presenting his forward, so honest. He does not exhibit in be inordinately proud. views this way: "I believe the most imnor­ the words of the Idaho Statesman's veteran The final statistic concerns his paper. The tant thing I have to say betongs on the most political newsman, John Corlet, the "conven­ Owyhee Nugget is a fullsize, 7-column by 21, important page in the newspaper!" Then, tional wisdom," the typical logic patterns of 4-page letterpress weekly newspaper. he'll pause, clean his glasses, share his pri­ most of his contemporaries. So much for blographic and statistic de­ vate smile, and add: "Besides, our old folks No convoluted figures of speech stylistical­ scription. don't always see so good; I want to make ly pepper his editorials; Wm. F. Buckley Within this framework stands Rodney it easier for them to read what I have to probably wouldn't care for Hawes' writing. Hawes, his wife, and the Owyhee Nugget. say." Rodney's writing reflects the attitudes of The Nugget is labeled as the "official pub­ The Owyhee Nugget cares. the people who read his editorials. He writes lication of Owyhee County." It is, of course, When news of governmental scandal and for the sheepherder, the feedlot operator, the much more than that. corruption occupy the dailies, when the na­ school trustee, and he writes well. Governors, As must be the case with thoughtful, ba­ tion's conscience agonizes over alcohol and Senators, migrant workers-they all read and sically sensitive editors of weeklies across drug addiction, when internecine battles understand what the Nugget has to say. the country, the Owyhee Nugget is actually rage over the priorities demanding access to That's the way Rodney Hawes writes. an extension, an outgrowth of the man who the public fisc, Rodney Hawes takes on the It all boils down rather quickly to the rea­ creates it. Yet, the paper is more even than Idaho State Highway Board because it re­ son a weekly newspaper exists. It cares. that; reading the Nugget means stripping fuses to maintain a road built by his county, Hawes and the Nugget are not universally away the veneer of urban civilization; it a road that is used by far more people from loved or even admired. But the respect in means becoming reacquainted with people outside the taxing district than inside it. which he is held IS quite nearly universal. who earn their bread (in an older sense, He devotes an entire front page to a school "Rodney Hawes is among the last of a 'van­ literally) by sweat and by strained muscles. bond election. He will ruminate editorially ishing breed' of Americans-the country edi­ Reading the Nugget means learning once about a Democratic governor's chances of tor. He runs his own press, sets his own type, again some old lessons about man's rela­ benefiting his county with a Republican­ and writes with an impact thwt is felt tionship to man, that good has to triumph controlled legislature rather than a Demo­ throughout the state. There are few people in because that is man's way; that government cratically-controlled one. government in Idaho who have not heard at all levels is stlll responsible to the man Rodney Hawes apparently believes that of Rodney Hawes and his Owyhee Nugget. His who pays his taxes and wants his interests there are no embarrassing questions, only unswerving dedication and loyalty to infiu­ cared for; that law-abiding citizens in a embarrassing answers; and that this is espe­ ence far beyond the circulation of his paper." democracy have a right to be heard; that a cially true of political matters. (James McClure, Congressman, Idaho Ist majority of informed citizens will more "The Owyhee Nuggett has been a force for Congressional District). often that not make correct any irresponsible a Long time in the development of South­ Rodney Hawes and the Owyhee Nugget decisions. western Idaho, and few men have worked a.s aren't unique to Southwestern Idaho. His edi- 29224 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 3, 1971 torial brothers and sisters live their lives and its London session, he declared the American projects in the future will undoubtedly make publish their newspapers in the bayous of judiciary "has spent too much time making life more liveable in the future on earth. Louisiana; they have gone sugaring off in new law and new public policy, and too littlf' The real value of space exploration may Maine and Vermont; they've watched rain­ determining guilt or innocence. not be apparent today or next week or next bow sunsets in Arizona and New Mexico; The overburdened courts have all they can year or even 10 years from now. they've listened to the corn grow in Iowa take care of, and more, in the field of re·· But our children and our children's chil­ and Nebraska; they drink in the pungent sponsib111ty to which the Constitution as­ dren will continue to reap dividends from it. aroma of the lodgepole and ponderosa pines signs (and limits) them. Chief Justice War­ in Washington and Montana. "A good news­ ren E. Burger has called for help from the paper, I suppose, is a nation talking to it­ bar, and help from Congress, in expediting ARIZONA BOYS STATE self." (Arthur Miller, 1961). court work and reducing the caseload. That America is a better nation because of the would seem to be a recognition that the high many Rodney Hawes and Owyhee Nuggets court has no time to engage in collateral HON. JOHN J. RHODES across the country. No matter what names and invasive undertakings. It is not sup·· 011' ARIZONA the editors have or what their papers are posed to engage in legislative activities . . . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES called, they are all part of this Portrait of a in short that of "making" either law OJ' Weekly Editor. public policy. Monday, August 2, 1971 Congressman Thompson strongly recog·· nizes that fact--and he cites the method, Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, it is my WHEN COURT OVERSTEPS: COR­ and the constitutional provision, for avert­ pleasure to insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECTIVE MEASURE NEEDED ing it. RECORD two memorials passed by the leg­ The constitutional means he cites are: islature of Arizona Boys State when it ( 1) Specific amendments to the Constitu.. met in Tucson for its 25th annual ses­ HON. LAMAR BAKER tion when the court has incorrectly inter.. sion. Steven M. Danloe, secretary of state preted its unequivocal language; and (2), OF TENNESSEE Congress reviewing the actions of the Su­ of Arizona Boys State, sent them to me­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preme Cou rt, and if determining that the l found them to be well-drawn and per­ Monday, August 2, 1971 court has exceeded :. ts power and infringed tinent to the problems we face and de­ on the law-making prerogative of Congress, bate in Congress, and so I am partic­ Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, a cosponsor then the power of the court should be rede­ ularly pleased to share them with my of the resolution to create a Select Su­ fined and appellate jurisdiction restored to colleagues: preme Court Study Committee to take a that granted by the clear, unequivocal lan­ A MEMORIAL RELATING TO ARMY CORPS OF EN­ guage of the Constitution in Article III: "The careful look at Supreme Court decisions GINEERS CHANNELIZATION OF THE GILA AND Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic­ from 1945 to the present to determine tion, both as to Law and Fact, with such LOWER COLORADO RIVER BASINS whether or not the Court has assumed exceptions, and under such regulations, as To the United States Congress: power not accorded to it by the Constitu­ Congress shall make." Your memorialist respectfully represents: tion, I was pleased to note a recent edi­ The problem is not beyond constitutional The channelization of the Gila and Low­ torial in the Nashville Banner praising correction if constitutional methods are em­ er Colorado River Basins are in fact spoiling ployed. the scenic and useful value of these River the gentleman from Georgia, the Honor­ Basins. able FLETCHER THOMPSON, for the leader­ In this age where our natural resources are ship he has taken in proposing such a SPACE EXPLORATION, INVEST­ rapidly being consumed, the· requested ban step. MENT IN FUTURE would save the esthetic value of these two In placing trJs editorial, "When Court beautiful scenic areas in our state for both Oversteps: Corrective Measure Needed," humans and wildlife. in the RECORD, I want to voice my high HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER Now, wherefore, your memorialist, the Leg­ OF KANSAS islature of Arizona Boys State prays: regard for my colleague and commend That the Congress of the United States im­ hinl for his initiative in pressing for this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mediately ban the outdated and destructive select committee. As one of the cospon­ Tuesday, August 3, 1971 channelization practices on the aforemen­ sors, I will do all I can to see that the tioned river basins, and institute an in depth Congress acts on the legislation this Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I include study before authorizing any future thoughts session. the timely editorial from the Newton of channelization projects in the great State I also wish to commend the Nashville Kansan which discusses objectively the of Arizona. Banner for its sound editorial position on real value of space exploration. Most issues of this kind and for keeping the Americans who have followed the prog­ A MEMORIAL RELATING TO A NATIONAL VOLUN­ ress of the Apollo 15 mission recognize TEER ARMED FORCES AND A DRAFT RESERVE people of Tennessee informed on all mat­ the significance of the exploration of the SYSTEM ters of public concern. moon and the scientific and technologi­ To the Congress of the United States of The editorial follows: cal benefits that will come from it. The America: WHEN COURT OVERSTEPS: CoRRECTIVE editorial follows: Your memorialist respectfully represents: MEASURE NEEDED Recognizing that the present United States SPACE EXPLORATION, INVESTMENT IN FUTURE Fletcher Thompson, Republican congress­ Military system falls to offer su1Hcient initia­ man from the Georgia Fifth District, has Two more Americans are on their way to tive for men to willingly serve our country proposed congressional action for establish­ the moon. and realizing that men volunteering their ment o! a select committee "to look into If all goes well two of them will land on services for our country would serve it bet­ recent controversial Supreme Court decisions the lunar surface late Friday afternoon. They ter, a voluntary Armed Forces would bene­ and make a determination about whether will spend more than 2 days exploring the fit the United States of America. in her na­ the court has seized power not granted it by surface. tionaJ. defense program. the Constitution." They will be the first humans to ride ave­ Now, wherefore, your memorialist, the Sen­ He is not the only man in public life-­ hicle on the surface of the moon, and what ate of Arizona Boys State, prays: nor by any means the first member of Con­ they learn and what scientists learn through That an active national armed forces be gress-to raise an afilrmative reply to that their explorations may answer many ques­ run on a volunteer basis. No citizen shall be question. Inasmuch as his corrective atten­ tions that could have a profound effect on drafted into the active armed forces unless tion right now is addressed to the case of the future of mankind. a state of national emergency exist and/or school-busing, it 1s significant to note that A half a billion dollars is a lot of money to war 1s declared by the Congress of the United Congress as a whole in 1964 disagreed with spend to go rock hunting on a big piece of States. the court on that decision, and had written substance that has no atmosphere, no water That the volunteer armed forces receive into the Civil Rights Act o! 1964 a clause and none o! the other things that man needs a salary equitable to the cost of living. expressly forbidding busing to achieve racial to sustain life except under artificial con­ Male citizens between the ages of 18 and balance in the schools. Further, President ditions. 25 shall, however, be subject to draft into a Nixon very strongly condemned busing for That half a billion dollars admittedly could reserve force containing a nuznber sum.cient that purpose, and held to the 1964 Act as help solve many problems here on earth right to protect our national security and inter­ the preferred concept. It was, 1n fact, now. est. This force shall resemble the current POLICY until the recent ruling by the court. But the half a billion dollars, hopefully, armed forces reserve system. This reserve On the broad field o! judicial encroach­ isn't being spent--it's being invested. shall be trained and readied so that It may ment, Atty. Gen. John Mitchell added his For what man has learned from previous be placed on active duty in the case of na­ own strong objection last week when, speak­ space exploration, what man will learn from tional emergency and/or a declaration of war ing before the American Bar Association in this project, and what he will learn from declared by the Congress of the United States.