A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mercado, Ruben G.; Anlocotan, Raul S. Working Paper Metro Iloilo: A struggle for Acceptance and Organization PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 1998-12 Provided in Cooperation with: Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Philippines Suggested Citation: Mercado, Ruben G.; Anlocotan, Raul S. (1998) : Metro Iloilo: A struggle for Acceptance and Organization, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 1998-12, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/187354 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Anlocotan DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 98-12 (Revised) The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are be- ing circulated in a limited number of cop- ies only for purposes of soliciting com- ments and suggestions for further refine- ments. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not neces- sarily reflect those of the Institute. Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute. June 1998 For comments, suggestions or further inquiries please contact: The Research Information Staff, Philippine Institute for Development Studies 3rd Floor, NEDA sa Makati Building, 106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines Tel Nos: 8924059 and 8935705; Fax No: 8939589; E-mail: [email protected] Or visit our website at http://www.pids.gov.ph Metro Iloilo: A Struggle for Acceptance and Organization Ruben G. Mercado and Raul S. Anlocotan1 1. Introduction Established in 1890, Iloilo City, located in Western Visayas Region, is one of the oldest cities in the Philippines. Currently one of the major urban centers in the country, the city is densely populated having a small land area (56 square kilometers) and with a population of more than 300,000 as of 1995. The burgeoning population constricted in a small land area greatly affected the urban functioning of the city. Among other problems, domestic airport cannot be expanded, slum dwellers in the city’s commercial district cannot be relocated and solid wastes cannot be properly disposed of. The easiest solution is to expand the city’s land area. However, this is an impossible option as the city is bounded in the east by Guimaras Strait with a steep trench making reclamation improbable. On the other sides, the city is bounded by four municipalities of Iloilo, namely, Oton in the south, San Miguel in the northwest and Pavia and Leganes in the north. This dilemma has hounded urban planners to seek viable alternative solutions to decelerate urban blight. The creation of Metro Iloilo has been a dream of many urban planners and businessmen in the city. The concept involves the formation of a metropolitan arrangement between Iloilo City and its adjacent municipalities within 15-kilometer radius in the province of Iloilo. While it is difficult to establish how this concept was brought to fore, some precursors to its formation can be identified. In an interview with key informants in Western Visayas Region, the germ for the creation of a Metro Iloilo was first spread by a group of businessmen and eminent persons in Iloilo City sometime in the early 90’s. The idea was not given much attention as the city was experiencing its most turbulent period. At that time, the incumbent mayor was fighting for his political survival as he battled with the Department of the Interior and Local Governments (DILG) for the lifting of several suspension orders issued to him by DILG. For several months, the city was placed under the care of the vice mayor who eventually gained the mayoral post in the succeeding elections. The incessant political bickering in the city during the first half of the 90’s severely constricted long term development efforts as local officials concerned themselves with parochial matters. The lackadaisical attitude of the Sangguniang Panglunsod towards long-term planning even aggravated the lack of coherence in the city’s developmental efforts. 1 Research Associate, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) and Supervising Economic Development Specialist, National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Regional Office VI (Western Visayas Region), respectively. 1 METRO ILOILO In 1996, the concept was revived. This time, mayors of the four concerned local government units, namely Iloilo City, Oton, Pavia and Leganes met to identify areas of possible cooperation. These three municipalities and the city of Iloilo are the areas identified to constitute Metropolitan Iloilo. With the help of the private sector, a draft memorandum of agreement was prepared for the creation of the Metropolitan Iloilo Development Council (MIDC) to undertake activities under certain identified areas. For this cooperative undertaking to be legally binding, it has to comply with the requirements of the Local Government Code of 1991 which stipulates that a resolution has to be passed by the respective Sanggunian signifying its concurrence to such agreement. All Sangguniang Bayan of the three concerned municipalities favorably passed a resolution signifying their concurrence except that of the Sangguniang Panglungsod of Iloilo City which to date refuses to concur with the metropolitan arrangement. The operationalization of the Metro Iloilo concept was stalled by the incessant political stalemate between the present mayor and the Sangguniang Panglunsod. In refusing to pass the necessary resolution, the Sangguniang Panglunsod argued that the Memorandum of Agreement did not pass through a process of consultation with concerned sectors of Iloilo City. The Sangguniang Panglunsod members alleged that the mayor acted on his own and without the Sangguniang Panglunsod providing him the mandate to undertake formal arrangements with the concerned municipalities. The members of the Sangguniang Panglunsod also alleged that the city of Iloilo will be carrying most of the financial burden entailed by this metropolitan arrangement. On the surface, it seems that the Sangguniang Panglunsod view the issue as not entirely on the substance but rather the process that went through such undertaking. However, there seems to be a deeper issue involved. A comment was made that the Memorandum of Agreement was drafted without a technical study to back it up. There is, therefore, a very unclear understanding and appreciation of the rationale for such cooperative arrangement. With the foregoing account as a backdrop, this paper attempts to present the initial thinking on the substantive aspects of the aforecited cooperative undertaking in the way local officials view them. This paper will also try to briefly present the crucial steps to be taken to approach the present dilemma. This is with the end in view of effecting a more acceptable cooperative arrangement and organization in the context of the institutional and political arrangements at work in the subject area. 2. Demographic and Land Characteristics Metro Iloilo, as to its initial compositional definition, has a population of close to half a million that is largely concentrated in Iloilo City (76.5 percent in 1995). Next to CAMADA (Metro Dagupan), among the metropolitan arrangements in the country, it is the smallest in terms of population and land size and the slowest in terms of population growth rate. The slow growth in population reflects the overall low growth rate in the whole Western Visayas Region which has been attributed to significant level of population out-migration (NEDA, 1993). Relatively high growth rate, however, can be observed in Pavia in view of the designation and promotion of the area as the Regional Agro-Industrial Center (RAIC). 2 Table 1 Metro Iloilo: Population and Land Characteristics Area Population Population Growth Rate Land Area (sq. Level (1990 Level (1995) 1990-1995 km.) Iloilo City 309,505 334,539 1.47 56.0 Leganes 18,505 19,235 0.83 32.2 Pavia 23,814 26,756 2.21 35.0 Oton 52,125 56,821 1.63 84.6 Metro Iloilo 403,909 437,351 1.59 207.8 Sources of Basic Data: National Statistics Office, 1995 Census of Population and Housing While the present level and growth rate of population in the various areas of Metro Iloilo are quite low, prospects for increased urbanization in the area can be anticipated with the increased vigor to establish infrastructure support for the development of the RAIC and other industrial sites. The spatial expansion of the city towards the north (to the municipalities of Leganes and Pavia) is supported with a comprehensive road network which connects Iloilo City to other points in Panay Island. The latest of these projects is the coastal road opening a second link to the municipalities of Leganes and the adjoining municipalities of Zarraga and Dumangas in the north as well as to the Iloilo International Port Complex.