Medical Plants - General References

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Medical Plants - General References Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 3-2017 Medical Plants - General References James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Medical Plants - General References" (2017). Botanical Studies. 21. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/21 This Medicinal Plants is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MEDICINAL PLANTS — GENERAL REFERENCES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 3 March 2017 1993. Plant-derived natural products in drug discovery GENERAL REFERENCES and development: an overview. In, Kinghorn, A. D. & M. F. Balandrin (editors). Human medicinal agents from Aikman, L. 1974. Nature's gifts to medicine. National plants. Pp. 2-12. Geographic 146: 420-440. Balick, M. J. 1990. Ethnobotany and the identification of Aikman, L. 1977. Nature's healing arts: from folk therapeutic agents from the rainforest. Ciba Found. medicine to modern drugs. National Geographic Society. Symp. 154: 22-39. 199 pp. Balick, M. J. 2014. Rodale’s 21st century herbal. Rodale Akerele, O. 1990. Medicinal plants in traditional Press. New York, NY. 498 pp. medicine. Econ. Med. Plant Res. 4: 5-16. Balick, M. J. & R. O. Mendelsohn. 1992. Assessing the Akerele, O. 1993. Guidelines for the assessment of economic value of traditional medicines from tropical herbal medicines. HerbalGram 28: 17-20. rain forests. Conservation Biol. 6(1): 128-130. Akerele, O. V. Heywood, & H. Synge. 1991. Balick, M. J. et al. 1996. Medicinal resources of the Conservation of medicinal plants. Cambridge Univ. tropical forest: biodiversity and its importance to human Press. Cambridge, England. 362 pp. health. Columbia Univ. Press. New York, NY. 464 pp. Altschul, S. von R. 1973. Drugs and foods from little- Bartram, T. 1995. Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. known plants. Harvard Univ. Press. Cambridge, MA. 366 British Herbal Medical Assoc. Bournemouth, England. pp. Bianchini, F. & F. Corbetta. 1975. Health plants of the American Botanical Council. 2000. HerbClip on CD-ROM world. Atlas of medicinal plants. Newsweek Books. 242 ‘96-‘99. pp. Anderson, F. J. 1977. An illustrated history of the Bingel, A. S. & H. S. Fong. 1988. Potential fertility- herbals. Columbia Univ. Press. 270 pp. regulating agents from plants. Econ. Med. Plant Res. 2: 73-118. Andoh, A. 1986. The science and romance of selected herbs used in medicine and religious ceremonies. The Bisset, N. G. 1991. One man's poison another man's North Scale Institute. San Francisco, CA. 324 pp. medicine? J. Ethnopharm. 32(1-3): 71-81. Artuso, A. 1997. Drugs of natural origin. Pharmaceutical Bisset, N. G. & M. Wichtl. 2001. Herbal drugs and Products Press. New York, NY. 201 pp. phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 565 pp. Astin, J. A. 1998. Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. J. American Med. Assoc. Blumenthal, M. (senior editor). 1998. The complete 279: 1548-1553. German Commission E monographs: therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. American Bot. Council. Austin, TX. Ayensu, E. 1981. A worldwide role for the healing power 684 pp. of plants. Smithsonian 12(8): 87-97. Blumenthal, M. 1999. Herb market levels after five years Bakhiet, A. O. & S. E. I. Adam. 1995. Therapeutic utility, of boom...: bad publicity, unreasonable consumer constituents and toxicity of some medicinal plants: a expectations cited as possible reasons. HerbalGram 47: review. Vet. Human Toxicol. 37(3): 255-258. 64, 65. Balandrin, M. F., A. D. Kinghorn, & N. R. Farnsworth. Blumenthal, M. 1999. Medical journals report on herbal -1- and alternative medicine: articles in AMA journals approach to drug discovery. Sci. American 269(12): 82- contrast with NEJM. HerbalGram 46: 29-34; 51, 52. 87. Blumenthal, M. 2001. Herb sales down 15 percent in Cragg, G. M. & D. J. Newman. 2002. Drugs from nature: mainstream market. HerbalGram 51: 69. past achievements, future prospects. Adv. Phytomedicine 1: 23-37. Blumenthal, M., A. Goldberg, & J. Brinckmann. 2000. Herbal medicine: expanded Commission E monographs. Crawford, A. M. 1997. Herbal remedies for women. American Botanical Council. Austin, TX. 519 pp. Prima. Rocklin, CA. 291 pp. Blunt, W. & S. Raphael. 1979. The illustrated herbal. Crellin, J. K. & J. Philpott. 1990. Herbal medicine past Thames & Hudson. 191 pp. and present. Vol. II. A reference guide to medicinal plants. Duke Univ. Press. Durham, NC. 549 pp. Bone, K. 2001. Standardized extracts: neither poison nor panacea. HerbalGram 53: 50-55. Croom, E. M. 1983. Documenting and evaluating herbal remedies. Econ. Bot. 37: 13-27. Boom, B. 1990. Giving native people a share of the profits. Garden 14(6): 28-31. Culpeper, N. 1653. The English physician enlarged. George Sawbridge. London, England. Boyle, W. 1991. Official herbs: botanical substances in the United States pharmacopoeias. Buckeye Der Marderosian, A. 1991. The need for cooperation Naturopathic Press. East Palestine, OH. between modern and traditional medicine. HerbalGram 24: 30-37. Brendler, T. et al. 1997. Herbal remedies. Second edition. CD-ROM. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. Der Marderosian, A. & L. Liberti. 1988. Natural product medicine: a scientific guide to foods, drugs, cosmetics. Brinker, F. 1998. The role of botanical medicine in 100 G. F. Stickley Co. Philadelphia, PA. 388 pp. years of American naturopathy. HerbalGram 42: 49-59. Der Marderosian, A., V. E. Tyler, & M. Blumenthal. 1996. Brinker, F. 1999. Variations in effective botanical Milestones of pharmaceutical botany. Pharmacy in products -- the case for diversity of forms for herbal History 38: 15-28. preparations as supported by scientific studies. HerbalGram 46: 36-50. De Smet, P. A. G. M. 1997. The role of plant-derived drugs and herbal medicines in health care. Drugs 54: Broadhurst, C. L. 2000. How do plants help prevent 801-840. cancer? Herbs for Health 4(6): 56-60. Dog, T. L. et al. 2012. National Geographic guide to Brown, D. J. 1996. Herbal prescriptions for better medicinal herbs: the world’s most effective healing health. Prima Publ. Rocklin, CA 349 pp. plants. National Geographic Soc. Wadhington, D. C. 400 pp. Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy: phytochemistry - medicinal plants. Second edition. Intercept Ltd. Duke, J. A. 1983. Medicinal plants of the Bible. Andover, England. 1119 pp. Trado-Medic Books. Division of Conch Magazine, Ltd. 233 pp. Buckle, J. 2003. Aromatherapy: what is it? Herbal-Gram 57: 50-56. Duke, J. A. 1985. CRC handbook of medicinal herbs. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 696 pp. Cammarata, J. 1996. A physician’s guide to herbal wellness. Chicago Review Press. Chicago, IL. 172 pp. Duke, J. A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. CRC Press. Boca Castleman, M. 2001. The new healing herbs. Rodale Raton, FL. 183 Pp. Press. Emmaus, PA . 465 pp. Duke, J. A. 1997. A guide to herbal alternatives: Chevallier, A. 1996. The encyclopedia of medicinal botanical options for treating 50 common ailments. plants: a practical reference guide to more than 550 key Herbs for Health 2(5): 45-48. medicinal plants and their uses. Dorling Kindersley. London, England. 336 pp. Duke, J. A. 1999. Herbs of the Bible: two millennia of healing wisdom. Herbs for Health 4(5): 38-41. Collins, M. 2000. Medieval herbals: the illustrative traditions. The British Library and Univ. Toronto Press. Duke, J. A. 2000. Nature’s medicine: the green 334 pp. pharmacy. Mother Earth News 177: 22-33. Cox, P. A. 1995. Shaman as scientist: indigenous Duke, J. A. 2002. Handbook of medicinal herbs. Second knowledge systems in pharmacological research and edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 870 pp. conservation. In, Hostettmann et al. Pp. 1-15. Duke, J. A. 2002. CRC handbook of medicinal spices. Cox, P. A. & M. J. Balick. 1994. The ethnobotanical CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 348 pp. -2- Duke, J. A. & J. D. McChesney. 1992. New medicines Gardner, Z. & M. McGuffin (editors). 2013. American from old crops. In, 1992 yearbook of agriculture. U. S. Herbal Products Association's botanical safety Gov. Print. Office. Washington, D. C. Pp. 183-188. handbook. Second edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 1072 pp. Ebadi, M. 2001. Pharmacodynamic basis of herbal medicine. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 726 pp. Gerald, M. C. 2013. The drug book: from arsenic to xanax, 250 milestones in the history of drugs. Sterling. Editors of Pharmacist’s Letter and Prescriber’s Letter. New York, NY. 528 pp. 2000. Natural medicines comprehensive database. 1310 pp. Gerard, J. 1597. The herball or generall historie of plantes. John North. London, England. 1392 pp. Eisenberg, D. M. et al. 1993. Unconventional medicine in the United States. New England J. Med. 328: 246- Gold, J. & W. Gates. 1980. Herbal abortifacients. J. 252. American Med. Assoc. 243: 1365, 1366. Eisenberg, D. M. et al. 1998. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997. J. Gorman, C. 1998. Is it good medicine? Time 152(21): American Med. Assoc. 280(18): 1569-1575. 68, 69. Farnsworth, N. R. et al. 1975. Potential value of plants Greenwald, J. 1998. Herbal healing. Time 152(21): 58- as sources of new antifertility agents. J. Pharm. Sci. 64: 67. 535-598; 171-754. Grieve, M. 1959. A modern herbal. Two vols. Hafner Farnsworth, N. R. & R. W. Morris. 1976. Higher plants Publ. Co. 888 pp. -- the sleeping giant of drug development. American J. Pharm. 148:46-52. Griggs, B. 1981. Green pharmacy, a history of herbal medicine. Viking Press. 379 pp. Farnsworth, N.
Recommended publications
  • Stear Dissertation COGA Submission 26 May 2015
    BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES By ©Copyright 2015 Ezekiel G. Stear Submitted to the graduate degree program in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias ________________________________ Verónica Garibotto ________________________________ Patricia Manning ________________________________ Rocío Cortés ________________________________ Robert C. Schwaller Date Defended: May 6, 2015! ii The Dissertation Committee for Ezekiel G. Stear certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: BEYOND THE FIFTH SUN: NAHUA TELEOLOGIES IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES ________________________________ Chairperson, Santa Arias Date approved: May 6, 2015 iii Abstract After the surrender of Mexico-Tenochtitlan to Hernán Cortés and his native allies in 1521, the lived experiences of the Mexicas and other Nahuatl-speaking peoples in the valley of Mexico shifted radically. Indigenous elites during this new colonial period faced the disappearance of their ancestral knowledge, along with the imposition of Christianity and Spanish rule. Through appropriations of linear writing and collaborative intellectual projects, the native population, in particular the noble elite sought to understand their past, interpret their present, and shape their future. Nahua traditions emphasized balanced living. Yet how one could live out that balance in unknown times ahead became a topic of ongoing discussion in Nahua intellectual communities, and a question that resounds in the texts they produced. Writing at the intersections of Nahua studies, literary and cultural history, and critical theory, in this dissertation I investigate how indigenous intellectuals in Mexico-Tenochtitlan envisioned their future as part of their re-evaluations of the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Chocolate: Modern Science Investigates an Ancient Medicine
    Chocolate: Modern Science Investigates an Ancient Medicine Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate1 Teresa L. Dillinger,* Patricia Barriga,† Sylvia Esca´ rcega,** Martha Jimenez,‡ Diana Salazar Lowe†† and Louis E. Grivetti*2 *Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis CA 95616; †Independent archivist, Mexico City, D.F.; **Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis; ‡Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis and ††Independent scholar-translator, Davis, CA ABSTRACT The medicinal use of cacao, or chocolate, both as a primary remedy and as a vehicle to deliver other medicines, originated in the New World and diffused to Europe in the mid 1500s. These practices originated among the Olmec, Maya and Mexica (Aztec). The word cacao is derived from Olmec and the subsequent Mayan languages (kakaw); the chocolate-related term cacahuatl is Nahuatl (Aztec language), derived from Olmec/Mayan etymology. Early colonial era documents included instructions for the medicinal use of cacao. The Badianus Codex (1552) noted the use of cacao flowers to treat fatigue, whereas the Florentine Codex (1590) offered a prescription of cacao beans, maize and the herb tlacoxochitl (Calliandra anomala) to alleviate fever and panting of breath and to treat the faint of heart. Subsequent 16th to early 20th century manuscripts produced in Europe and New Spain revealed Ͼ100 medicinal uses for cacao/chocolate. Three consistent roles can be identified: 1) to treat emaciated patients to gain weight; 2) to stimulate nervous systems of apathetic, exhausted or feeble patients; and 3) to improve digestion and elimination where cacao/chocolate countered the effects of stagnant or weak stomachs, stimulated kidneys and improved bowel function.
    [Show full text]
  • The Devil and the Skirt an Iconographic Inquiry Into the Prehispanic Nature of the Tzitzimime
    THE DEVIL AND THE SKIRT AN ICONOGRAPHIC INQUIRY INTO THE PREHISPANIC NATURE OF THE TZITZIMIME CECELIA F. KLEIN U.C.L.A. INTRODUCTION On folio 76r of the colonial Central Mexican painted manuscript Codex Magliabechiano, a large, round-eyed figure with disheveled black hair and skeletal head and limbs stares menacingly at the viewer (Fig. 1a). 1 Turned to face us, the image appears ready to burst from the cramped confines of its pictorial space, as if to reach out and grasp us with its sharp talons. Stunned by its gaping mouth and its protruding tongue in the form of an ancient Aztec sacrificial knife, viewers today may re- coil from the implication that the creature wants to eat them. This im- pression is confirmed by the cognate image on folio 46r of Codex Tudela (Fig. 1b). In the less artful Tudela version, it is blood rather than a stone knife that issues from the frightening figures mouth. The blood pours onto the ground in front of the figures outspread legs, where a snake dangles in the Magliabecchiano image. Whereas the Maglia- bechiano figure wears human hands in its ears, the ears of the Tudela figure have been adorned with bloody cloths. In both manuscripts, long assumed to present us with a window to the prehispanic past, a crest of paper banners embedded in the creatures unruly hair, together with a 1 This paper, which is dedicated to my friend and colleague Doris Heyden, evolved out of a talk presented at the 1993 symposium on Goddesses of the Western Hemisphere: Women and Power which was held at the M.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Aztec Human Sacrifice As Entertainment? the Physio-Psycho- Social Rewards of Aztec Sacrificial Celebrations
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2017 Aztec Human Sacrifice as Entertainment? The Physio-Psycho- Social Rewards of Aztec Sacrificial Celebrations Linda Jane Hansen University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Latin American Languages and Societies Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Hansen, Linda Jane, "Aztec Human Sacrifice as Entertainment? The Physio-Psycho-Social Rewards of Aztec Sacrificial Celebrations" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1287. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1287 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. AZTEC HUMAN SACRIFICE AS ENTERTAINMENT? THE PHYSIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL REWARDS OF AZTEC SACRIFICIAL CELEBRATIONS ___________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the University of Denver and the Iliff School of Theology Joint PhD Program University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________ by Linda Prueitt Hansen June 2017 Advisor: Dr. Annabeth Headrick ©Copyright by Linda Prueitt Hansen 2017 All Rights Reserved Author: Linda Prueitt Hansen Title: Aztec Human Sacrifice as Entertainment? The Physio-Psycho-Social Rewards of Aztec Sacrificial Celebrations Advisor: Dr. Annabeth Headrick Degree Date: June 2017 ABSTRACT Human sacrifice in the sixteenth-century Aztec Empire, as recorded by Spanish chroniclers, was conducted on a large scale and was usually the climactic ritual act culminating elaborate multi-day festivals.
    [Show full text]
  • ED368537.Pdf
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 537 RC 019 614 AUTHOR Reagan, Timothy TITLE Developing "Face and Heart" in the Time of the Fifth Sun: An Examination of Aztec Education. PUB DATE Apr 94 NOTE 20p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 4-8, 1994). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian Education; American Indian History; Child Rearing; *Educational History; *Educational Practices; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; *Latin American History; Religion; Socialization IDENTIFIERS *Aztec (People); *Mexico ABSTRACT This paper provides a general overview of Aztec education as it existed when the Spanish arrived in 1519. A brief history traces the rise of the Aztecs from lower-class squatters and mercenaries in the Valley of Mexico to the rulers of a loosely structured "empire" consisting of some 15 million people. Aztec society was highly stratified, but higher rank carried with it higher expectations of moral responsibility and correct conduct. The foundations of society were a religion that ensured the continued existence of the cosmos through the shedding of human blood, and warfare that provided both the blood of warriors and sacrificial victims. Aztec education aimed to promote socially appropriate behavior and instill core values such as self-control and courage in the face of death. Young children learned their parents' daily tasks, learned to tolerate hunger and discomfort, and were punished for inappropriate behavior. At ages 12-15, both boys and girls attended a formal school maintained by their kinship group, where they received religious and cultural education.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Contributions from the Aztec Cities of Tlatelolco and Tenochtitlan to the Bird Chapter of the Florentine Codex
    ISSN: 1870-7459 Haemig, P.D. Huitzil, Revista Mexicana de Ornitología DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.28947/hrmo.2018.19.1.304 ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL A comparison of contributions from the Aztec cities of Tlatelolco and Tenochtitlan to the bird chapter of the Florentine Codex Una comparación de las contribuciones de las ciudades aztecas de Tlatelolco y Tenochtitlan al capítulo de aves del Códice Florentino Paul D. Haemig1 Abstract The Florentine Codex is a Renaissance-era illuminated manuscript that contains the earliest-known regional work on the birds of México. Its Nahuatl language texts and scholia (the latter later incorporated into its Spanish texts) were written in the 1560s by Bernardino de Sahagún’s research group of elite native Mexican scholars in collaboration with Aztecs from two cities: Tla- telolco and Tenochtitlan. In the present study, I compared the contributions from these two cities and found many differences. While both cities contributed accounts and descriptions of land and water birds, those from Tlatelolco were mainly land birds, while those from Tenochtitlan were mainly water birds. Tlatelolco contributed over twice as many bird accounts as Tenochtitlan, and supplied the only information about medicinal uses of birds. Tenochtitlan peer reviewed the Tlatelolco bird accounts and improved many of them. In addition, Tenochtitlan contributed all information on bird abundance and most information about which birds were eaten and not eaten by humans. Spanish bird names appear more frequently in the Aztec language texts from Tenochtitlan. Content analysis of the Tenochtitlan accounts suggests collaboration with the water folk Atlaca (a prehistoric la- custrine culture) and indigenous contacts with Spanish falconers.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Santa Barbara Revista: a Multi-Media, Multi-Genre E-Journal for Social Justice
    UC Santa Barbara rEvista: A Multi-media, Multi-genre e-Journal for Social Justice Title Case Study for the Development of a Visual Grammar: Mayahuel and Maguey as Teotl in the Directional Tree Pages of the Codex Borgia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gm205sx Journal rEvista: A Multi-media, Multi-genre e-Journal for Social Justice, 5(2) Author Lopez, Felicia Publication Date 2017 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Case Study for Development of a Visual Grammar: Mayahuel and Maguey as Teotl in the Directional Tree Pages of the Codex Borgia Felicia Rhapsody Lopez, University of California Santa Barbara “The books stand for an entire body of my current examination of the Codex indigenous knowledge, one that embraces Borgia, I seek to further the decolonial both science and philosophy.” – Elizabeth project of recovering Indigenous Hill Boone (2007:3) knowledge through methods that center Mesoamerican voices, docu- The results of the invasion and ments, and language.1 colonization of the Americas include Mesoamerican scribes created a wide not only widespread genocide, but also variety of texts (from historical, to the destruction of Indigenous texts and topographical, to ritual) containing culture. Today only 12 codices from maguey iconography, which draw upon Precontact Central Mexico remain. the cultural symbolism, metaphor, and Among these are a group of six, defined scientific understanding of the plant by their similarities in iconographic and of the teotl2 Mayahuel in order to style, content, and geographic region of provide a rich and layered meaning for origin, called the Borgia Group, so their Indigenous readers.
    [Show full text]
  • Aztec Medicine
    AZTEC MEDICINE by FRANCISCO GUERRA THE discovery of America placed the European nations in contact with three major civilizations, the Aztec in the Mexican plateau, the Maya in the Yucatan peninsula, and the Inca in the Peruvian Andes. The Mayas had been settled for centuries in the same area and developed a civilization with high cultural manifestations, whereas the Aztecs and Incas, in spite of their political power and strong resistance to the Spanish conquest, were actually cultural parvenues among pre-Columbian people. The Aztecs were the most powerful among Mexican nations at the time of Cortes's arrival, and after a long migration from the north, they had settled in Chapultepec- on the shores of the Lake of Texcoco-around A.D. 1267. Historical sources make it possible to trace the evolution of the Aztecs before the European arrival; nevertheless the field of Mexican archaeology is expanding considerably and many ideas are still sufficiently fluid to be subject to correction, as Krickeberg (1961) has pointed out. On the other hand, there is at present a much more critical attitude in the study of American archaeology and its medical aspects. AZTEC ARCHAEOLOGY The earliest Mexican civilization to leave traces in the central plateau around 955 B.C. was the Olmec. However, most of the Aztec cultural achievements were inherited from the Toltecs who arrived at Colhuacan in A.D. 908 and founded their capital Tula in 977. The Toltecs left a deep impression not only on other Nahuatl- speaking tribes but even on the Maya territories which they invaded around 999.
    [Show full text]
  • Concerning the Badianus Manuscript, an Aztec Herbal, "Codex Barberini, Latin 241" (Vatican Library)
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 94, NUMBER 2 CONCERNING THE BADIANUS MANUSCRIPT, AN AZTEC HERBAL, "CODEX BARBERINI, LATIN 241" (VATICAN LIBRARY) (With Four PL.vrES) BY EMILY WALGOTT EMMART The Johns Hopkins University (Publication 3329) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MAY 18, 1935 BALTIMORE, UD., C. S. A. FOREWORD The present pamphlet is pubhshed to make known the discovery of the Badianus Manuscript in the Vatican Library and to give an idea of the vahie and interest of this unique Aztec herbal It is beheved to be the earhest herbal produced on this side of the Atlantic, and from this consideration alone it deserves all the notice that it v^ill un- doubtedly receive. It is a matter of regret to the Smithsonian Insti- tution that funds are not available to publish a facsimile of the full manuscript with its 91 color sketches of plants. Such a publication, in the usual edition issued by the Institution and with 91 color plates, would involve a considerable sum. but the text with black and white illustrations and a few color plates could be published for a com- paratively moderate amount. If there are those who would be suf- ficiently interested to contribute toward the publication of this valuable manuscript as a whole or in such modified form, I should be glad to have them communicate with the Institution. C. G. Abbot, Secretary, Sniithsonian Institution. COxNCERNING THE BADIANUS MANUSCRIPT. AX AZTEC " HERBAL, " CODEX BARBERINI, LATIX 241 (VATICAN LIBRARY) Bv EMILY WALCOTT EMMART The Johns Hopkins University (With Four Plates) The Badianus manuscript is a sixteenth century Mexican Herl:)al composed in the year 1552 in the famous College of Santa Cruz at Tlaltelolco, Mexico City.
    [Show full text]
  • Aztec Medicine
    AZTEC MEDICINE by FRANCISCO GUERRA THE discovery of America placed the European nations in contact with three major civilizations, the Aztec in the Mexican plateau, the Maya in the Yucatan peninsula, and the Inca in the Peruvian Andes. The Mayas had been settled for centuries in the same area and developed a civilization with high cultural manifestations, whereas the Aztecs and Incas, in spite of their political power and strong resistance to the Spanish conquest, were actually cultural parvenues among pre-Columbian people. The Aztecs were the most powerful among Mexican nations at the time of Cortes's arrival, and after a long migration from the north, they had settled in Chapultepec- on the shores of the Lake of Texcoco-around A.D. 1267. Historical sources make it possible to trace the evolution of the Aztecs before the European arrival; nevertheless the field of Mexican archaeology is expanding considerably and many ideas are still sufficiently fluid to be subject to correction, as Krickeberg (1961) has pointed out. On the other hand, there is at present a much more critical attitude in the study of American archaeology and its medical aspects. AZTEC ARCHAEOLOGY The earliest Mexican civilization to leave traces in the central plateau around 955 B.C. was the Olmec. However, most of the Aztec cultural achievements were inherited from the Toltecs who arrived at Colhuacan in A.D. 908 and founded their capital Tula in 977. The Toltecs left a deep impression not only on other Nahuatl- speaking tribes but even on the Maya territories which they invaded around 999.
    [Show full text]
  • The Environmental and Cultural Effects on the Conquest of Mexico
    Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2012 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2012 The Environmental and Cultural Effects on the Conquest of Mexico Tristan Siegel Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2012 Part of the Agriculture Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Latin American History Commons, Military History Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Recommended Citation Siegel, Tristan, "The Environmental and Cultural Effects on the Conquest of Mexico" (2012). Senior Projects Spring 2012. 336. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2012/336 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Environmental and Cultural Effects on the Conquest of Mexico A Senior Project Submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College by T.T. Siegel Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, May 2012 Dedicated to Buttons Siegel Who Died Tragically Rescuing Her Family From The Wreckage Of A Destroyed Sinking Battleship (September 14, 1996 – July 10, 2010) I don’t know who I’d be today if it weren’t for you.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodological Challenges Involved in Compiling the Nahua Pharmacopeia
    HOS0010.1177/0073275317712139History of ScienceDe Vos 712139research-article2017 Special Issue: Iberian Science: Reflections and Studies HOS History of Science 2017, Vol. 55(2) 210 –233 Methodological challenges © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: involved in compiling the sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/0073275317712139DOI: 10.1177/0073275317712139 Nahua pharmacopeia journals.sagepub.com/home/hos Paula De Vos San Diego State University, USA Abstract Recent work in the history of science has questioned the Eurocentric nature of the field and sought to include a more global approach that would serve to displace center– periphery models in favor of approaches that take seriously local knowledge production. Historians of Iberian colonial science have taken up this approach, which involves reliance on indigenous knowledge traditions of the Americas. These traditions present a number of challenges to modern researchers, including availability and reliability of source material, issues of translation and identification, and lack of systematization. This essay explores the challenges that emerged in the author’s attempt to compile a pre- contact Nahua pharmacopeia, the reasons for these challenges, and the ways they may – or may not – be overcome. Keywords Nahua, Nahuatl, medicine, pharmacy, pharmacopeia, pharmacology, methodology, colonial Mexico, Florentine Codex, Sahagún, Badianus Manuscript, Relaciones, Francisco Hernández, global history of science Over the last decade, the field of Iberian colonial science has expanded dramatically, with many valuable contributions from scholars in Europe and the Americas. Much of that work has focused on the relationship between science and empire, documenting the role of the imperial state in the gathering and construction of scientific knowledge, often with the goal of exploiting natural resources for economic gain.
    [Show full text]