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Borderlands in World History, 1700–1914 This page intentionally left blank Borderlands in World History, 1700–1914 Edited by Paul Readman Senior Lecturer in Modern British History, King’s College London Cynthia Radding Distinguished Professor, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Chad Bryant Associate Professor, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Paul Readman, Cynthia Radding and Chad Bryant 2014 Remaining chapters © respective authors 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-32057-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-32056-8 ISBN 978-1-137-32058-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137320582 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. Contents List of Maps and Figures vii Acknowledgements viii Notes on Contributors ix Introduction: Borderlands in a Global Perspective 1 Paul Readman, Cynthia Radding, and Chad Bryant Part I Writing Borderlands 1 Negotiating North America’s New National Borders 27 Benjamin H. Johnson 2 ‘The Men Who Made Australia Federated Long Ago’: Australian Frontiers and Borderlands 46 Frank Bongiorno Part II Borderlands, Territoriality, and Landscape 3 Environment, Territory, and Landscape Changes in Northern Mexico during the Era of Independence 65 Cynthia Radding 4 ‘We Are Comfortable Riding the Waves’: Landscape and the Formation of a Border State in Eighteenth-Century Island Southeast Asia 83 Timothy P. Barnard 5 From Constituting Communities to Dividing Districts: The Formalization of a Cultural Border between Mombasa and Its Hinterland 101 Daren Ray Part III Borderlands and State Action 6 Not by Force Alone: Public Health and the Establishment of Russian Rule in the Russo–Polish Borderland, 1762–85 123 Oksana Mykhed 7 Borders, War, and Nation-Building in Napoleon’s Europe 143 Michael Rowe v vi Contents Part IV National Identities and European Borderlands 8 Living a British Borderland: Northumberland and the Scottish Borders in the Long Nineteenth Century 169 Paul Readman 9 Church Fights: Nationality, Class, and the Politics of Church-Building in a German–Polish Borderland, 1890–1914 192 Jim Bjork Part V Labor and Social Experience 10 ‘Frontier Indians’: ‘Indios Mansos,’ ‘Indios Bravos,’ and the Layers of Indigenous Existence in the Caribbean Borderlands 217 Jason M. Yaremko 11 The Twisted Logic of the Ohio River Borderland 237 Matthew Salafia 12 Boundaries of Slavery in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Liberia 258 Lisa A. Lindsay Part VI Reading Borders: Individuals and Their Borderlands 13 Unofficial Frontiers: Welsh–English Borderlands in the Victorian Period 279 Roland Quinault 14 ‘Home on the Range’: Rootedness and Identity in the Borderlands of the Nineteenth-Century American West 293 Nina Vollenbröker Concluding Reflections: Borderlands History and the Categories of Historical Analysis 312 Lloyd Kramer Select Bibliography 326 Index 335 List of Maps and Figures Maps 1.1 North America in the late nineteenth century 28 2.1 Australia, 1900 47 3.1 Northern New Spain and Northwestern Mexico 66 4.1 The Melaka Straits 84 5.1 Mombasa 102 6.1 The Kyiv Vicegerency of the Russian Empire and the Kyiv Palatinate of Poland-Lithuania, 1782 124 7.1 Polities bordering the Rhine, c. 1789 144 7.2 Polities bordering the Rhine, c. 1812 145 8.1 The Anglo–Scottish borderland 170 9.1 Central Europe, c. 1905 193 9.2 Upper Silesia and Siemianowitiz/Laurahütte 194 10.1 Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Region, c. 1890s 218 11.1 The Ohio River borderland 238 12.1 Liberia in the mid-nineteenth century 259 13.1 Linguistic borderlands in Wales, c. 1850 280 Figures 2.1 A depiction of some borderland scenes from Albury 55 3.1 Population estimates for the Arizpe Mission 73 12.1 The official seal of the Republic of Liberia 260 14.1 The Chrisman sisters on a claim in Goheen settlement on Lieban Creek, Custer County 301 vii Acknowledgements This book represents just one of many efforts underway between our two insti- tutions, King’s College London and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which in 2005 formally launched a strategic partnership that has grown to include student exchanges, joint PhD committees, student-led workshops, collaborative research, conferences, and other combined efforts among mem- bers of our respective intellectual communities. Thus, the editors would like to begin by thanking the members of the University of North Carolina–King’s College London Collaboration Committee, the University of North Carolina– King’s Strategic Alliance Fund, and the King’s College Department of History for generously supporting the ‘Borderlands as Physical Reality: Producing Place in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’ conference. This event was held at King’s in October 2011, and provided the basis for the book. Our efforts owe much to the encouragement and advice of David Ricks, Keith Hoggart, Jan Palmowski, Jim Bjork, Bob Miles, Jonathan Hartlyn, Lloyd Kramer, James LeLoudis, John McGowan, and the staff at the University of North Carolina’s Winston House in London, all of whom have been key contributors to our universities’ ambitious partnership as well. The Center for European Studies, the Department of History, the Institute for the Arts and Humanities, and the University Research Council at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill generously contributed towards meeting the costs of this project, as did the Department of History and School of Arts & Humanities at King’s. Many more individuals helped to bring this book to its successful completion. Arthur Burns, Bernard L. Hermann, Jan Rüger, and the numerous other partici- pants of the conference collectively refined and developed many of the themes and questions that informed this book. Jenny McCall, Clare Mence, and Holly Tyler at Palgrave offered enthusiastic support for our project, and the two anony- mous readers provided thoughtful and constructive comments that improved the volume as a whole. Philip Schwartzberg at Meridian Mapping in Minneapolis worked creatively with the editors’ numerous requests and questions while com- posing the book’s maps. Audra Yoder took time out from other commitments to compile the index. Finally, we thank all the contributors for engaging with our edi- torial interventions and meeting the publishing deadlines. We truly enjoyed read- ing these innovative and original works of research and trust that you will as well. Paul Readman, Cynthia Radding, and Chad Bryant Chapel Hill and London July 2013 viii Notes on Contributors Timothy P. Barnard is an associate professor in the Department of History at the National University of Singapore. His research focuses on the cultural and environmental history of island Southeast Asia, with a particular focus on the Straits of Melaka during the early modern era. His publications include Multiple Centres of Authority: Environment and Society in Siak and Eastern Sumatra, 1684–1827 (2003) and the edited volume Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity across Boundaries (2004). He is currently working on a social history of the Komodo dragon. Jim Bjork is a senior lecturer in the Department of History at King’s College London. His book, Neither German nor Pole: Catholicism and National Indifference in a Central European Borderland (2008), examines the role of the Roman Catholic Church in blurring national identifications and facilitating national ambiguity in Upper Silesia between the late nineteenth century and the fron- tier plebiscite of 1921. He remains interested in the tensions between religion and nationality and is working on an article engaging recent debates about the concept of ‘national indifference.’ His current research is focused on the local, national, and transnational dimensions of the reconstruction of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland after the Second World War. Frank Bongiorno is Associate Professor of History at the Australian National University in Canberra. He has previously held academic appointments at Griffith University in Brisbane, the University of New England in Armidale, New South Wales, and King’s College London. In 1997–98 he was Smuts Visiting Fellow in Commonwealth Studies at the University of Cambridge. He is the author or co-author of two books on Australian labor politics and his most recent book is The Sex Lives of Australians: A History (2012). Chad Bryant is an associate professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who studies the social and cultural history of Central and Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century to the present.