DOCSLIB.ORG

The Establishment of the Ukrainian Nation (1917-1921)- Part IV Military and Commemorative Medals and Awards by Lubow Wolynetz, Curator

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Establishment of the Ukrainian Nation (1917-1921)- Part IV Military and Commemorative Medals and Awards by Lubow Wolynetz, Curator The Sower page 13, May 27, 2018 EXPLORING OUR MUSEUM AND LIBRARY The Establishment of the Ukrainian Nation (1917-1921)- Part IV Military and Commemorative Medals and Awards By Lubow Wolynetz, Curator under its jurisdiction, and conditions -- fighting on two fronts of yellow, blue and black colors. This wear their uniforms and against the Russian White and the award was designed by M. Bytynsky. insignias. Bolshevik Red Armies. This Order is in 3. The Cross of the Legion of The first Ukrainian the shape of a black enamel square cross Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (Hutsulian). It army unit was formed in with yellow edging. In the center of the was established in 1918 by the Central 1914 in Halychyna, name- Cross is a gold four-pointed star with the Executive of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen in ly the Legion of trident in the center on blue background. Vienna, Austria. It was awarded to all sol- Ukrainian Riflemen On the reverse side the inscription reads diers who were members of the Legion. It (Legion Ukrainskykh “For Winter Campaign and Battles, 6.12 was designed of gilt bronze and blue Sichovykh Striltsiv). 1919- 6.5 1920”. The same Cross was also enamel. There are two sizes of the Cross. Although it was a part of issued in miniature form. The designer The larger one for “parade” and the small- the Austro-Hungarian was Yulian Butsmaniuk. er one for daily usage. On the face of the Army it was strictly a 2. The Order (Cross) of Symon Cross, at the ends of each arm, are the Ukrainian national army Petliura. This Order was established on Ukrainian letters “УСС” and the year unit. The soldiers first May 22, 1932 and was instituted by the 1914. The attached ribbon has two verti- wore the blue Austrian High Command of the Army of the cal yellow stripes over horizontally placed uniform which later was Ukrainian National Republic and was dark blue and yellow narrow stripes. changed to green and confirmed by the President of the UNR Medals and Orders of this category introduced its own mili- in Exile, A. Livitsky. A miniature form of were worn on the uniform jacket from (1) The Iron Cross, Y. Butsmaniuk, tary cap “the mazepynka”, this Cross was also issued. It was a wide- the center of the chest towards the left Ukrainian Museum and Library of Stamford as well as specific armed Cross of black enamel with white side above the pocket. They were usually Ukrainian insignias. Later metal edging. In the upper part of the attached to an appropriate ribbon which the Army of the Cross is a silver trident. In the lower part, in Ukrainian medals had a combination of The tradition of expressing recogni- Ukrainian National Republic was formed, there is a silver sword with the tip point- blue and yellow, vertical or horizontal tion to individuals or groups for distin- and then the Ukrainian Galician Army. ing upwards. Attached is a moire ribbon stripes.❑ guished acts of valor, dedicated service, During the years of Independence, main- outstanding achievement in the form of ly in 1919, rules and regulations were various awards, medals, and decorations added to charters, deeds, projects of war has been known for many centuries. This crosses, medals, ribbons and the like. form of expression, as well as the use of However, because of continuous wartime emblems, insignias, regalia symbolizing fighting, not all of the projects were pro- powers of authority, coat of arms of noble duced at that time, but at a later date. In families, and state seals was also used in our Museum and Library archives we historical periods in Ukraine. In time the have an extensive collection of Ukrainian use and production of different types or military Medals and Orders. I would like classes of medals became very popular. to acquaint you with three of them. For examples: organizational or societal 1. The Order of Knights -- the Iron insignias as a badge of membership, com- Cross of the Army of the Ukrainian memorative medals for individuals or National Republic. It was established and events, souvenir type of medals for expo- confirmed on October 19,1920 by Symon sitions, medal awards for agricultural and Petliura, Supreme Commander-in-Chief trade shows, sports organizations, politi- of the Army of the Ukrainian National cal party insignias, etc. Republic. It was produced in Warsaw. Military medals and awards as a dis- This Medal was to be awarded to all par- tinct Ukrainian category came into usage ticipants of the First Winter Campaign in the 20th century during the years of which took place from December 6, 1919 Ukraine’s struggle for freedom, 1917-1920. to May 6, 1920, under the command of Prior to that time, Ukraine was divided General Omelianovych-Pavlenko. There between two great empires -- the Tsarist were two issuances of this Cross. This Russian and the Austro-Hungarian campaign is considered to be one of the empires and did not have an army of its most heroic feats accomplished by the own. Young Ukrainian men had to serve (2) The Order (Cross) of S. Petliura, M. (3) The Cross of the Legion, M. Bytynsky, UNR Army under the most difficult of Bytynsky, Ukrainian Museum and Library Ukrainian Museum and Library of in the army of the rulers in power and be of Stamford Stamford Book Review by Museum Director Msgr. John Terlecky University, whose writings have fooled again”. [check its lyrics even here in the United States. The second half of the book concentrated on recent events and note some similarities]. The Maidan was filled with gen- focuses on how the Maidan in Eastern Europe. This book is The book is divided into two uine citizens longing for change events were received in Eastern unique in its coverage of the sections: the experience of the and the dissolution of the social Ukraine. The city of EuroMaidan protests in Kyiv Maidan events and the experi- chains that were suffocating Dnipropetrovsk eventually during November 2013 through ence of the Maidan upon the them. There were different eth- embraced what took place and February 2014). psyche of Eastern Ukraine. Both nic groups involved in the heart accepted such rights as freedom Many have called the topics are well documented by of the movement: Ukrainians, of assembly and the rejection of Maidan protests a “revolution the author as if she was right Russians, Poles, Jews, state-sponsored propaganda. I for dignity”; the author uses the there in the middle of the action Armenians, Tatars and others. think each one of us knows by phrase “a revolution for new val- taking place from the protestors’ There was no quarreling over now what happened in the ues”. The book is not about the point of view. what language a citizen should Donbas basin. politics and government of I experienced a lot of emo- be required to speak – those This is a wonderful book of Ukraine which dominated the tions in reading the first half of who were involved basically raw exposure to what took place national psyche during that the book. The stories of motiva- accepted the makeup of one in the most memorable event in time. I think the book is rather tion that rallied not only young another binding them in unity a 21st century Ukraine to date. a celebration of many firsthand people but people from all walks during crisis and chaos. It was One element that I found miss- interviews with those who were of life, I believe, would be quite difficult for me emotional- ing in the Maidan experiences ready to sacrifice their lives for deeply felt by any reader. What ly reading about the beatings, shared with the author was how THE UKRAINIAN NIGHT: AN values that any open society uplifted me in the moments of the medical attention needed, the Church and religion may INFINITE HISTORY OF REVOLU- longs for and often is deceived this protest tragedy was learning the harsh conditions of living have contributed to the spirit of TION by Marci Shore. New Haven, by those who hold power. In about the solidarity of Ukraine’s outdoors in the midst of winter, that time. Nevertheless, this is a CT: Yale University Press, 2018. reading the first half of the citizens and the new values that and of course the heroic lives book that any engaged reader (ISBN 978-0-300-21868-8) book, I was reminded of the distinguished them from tradi- that were sacrificed along the just cannot put down and must Marci Shore is an associate rock song performed in the tional modes of Ukrainian way through the dynamics of read to the very end.❑ professor of history at Yale 1960s entitled “We won’t be thought that I was raised up revolution. For more information about The Ukrainian Museum and Library of Stamford, please, visit www.ukrainianmuseumlibrary.org, call 203-324-0499 or 203-323-8866. The museum is open Wednesday through Friday from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m., or by appointment, and is located at: 161 Glenbrook Road, Stamford, CT 06902..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download File
    BEYOND RESENTMENT Mykola Riabchuk Vasyl Kuchabsky, Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923. Translated from the German by Gus Fagan. Edmomton and Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009. 361 pp. + 6 maps. t might be a risky enterprise to publish a historical of Western Ukrainians to establish their independent monograph written some eighty years ago, which at republic on the ruins of the Habsburg empire—in full the time addressed the very recent developments of line with the prevailing Wilsonian principle of national I1918-1923—this would seem to be much more suited toself-determination, the right presumably granted by the lively memoirs than a cool-blooded analysis and archival victorious Entente to all East European nations. Western research. Indeed, since 1934 when Vasyl Kuchabsky's Ukraine is in the center of both the title and the narrative, Die Westukraine im Kampfe mit Polen und dem and this makes both the book and its translation rather Bolschewismus in den Jahren 1918-1923 was published important, since there are still very few “Ukrainocentric” in Germany in a small seminar series, a great number of accounts of these events, which though not necessarily books and articles on the relevant topics have appeared, opposing the dominant Polish and Russian perspectives, and even a greater number of archival documents, letters at least provide some check on the myths and biases and memoirs have become accessible to scholars. and challenge or supplement the dominant views with Still, as Frank Sysyn rightly points out in his short neglected facts and alternative interpretations.
    [Show full text]
  • Avoid "Parallax" Errors of Offse[ Me.&Surz~Ien
    Measurements have been a somewhat neglected subject in the order and medal field. Because pieces of insignia of the same type are known to vary considerably in size, par- ticularly in an order or medal which has flourished over a long period of time, it has apparently been felt that careful notation of size had no particular point. Only in the named medal area--where careful calipering of the horizontal dia- AVOID "PARALLAX" ERRORS OF meter compared with the near-vertical diameter may reveal OFFSE[ ME.&SURZ~IEN~ READINGS that an original naming has been shaved away to permit re- BY CAREFUL PLAC~[ENT OF THE PIECE BEING MEASURED £}~D BY impressing or reeingraving -- has careful measurement been CORRECT VERTICAL SIGHTING. taken very seriously. Nevertheless, all the facts that can be produced are necessary to a scientific evaluation of any piece being studied, and measurements are an important and easily ascertainable variable which enters into the picture. From th’e prac- tical viewpoint, such a simple factor as determining the proper class of a piece in some cases hangs on a borderline measurement of a millimeter or two. Substitutions of elements or unauthentic additions to a multi-element piece of insignia may likewise be revealed. From the broader viewpoint, as accurate measurement data is accumulated, the millimeter scale can become an important tool in assigning a particular piece of insignia to a certain maker or particular period in time. Going a step further, it is anticipated that later in this series it will be possible to demonstrate that many breast stars have a built- in "time-clock dimension" that will accurately place them in proper chronological sequence by a simple micrometer measurement.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Distance Nationalism: Ukrainian Monuments and Historical Memory in Multicultural Canada
    CHAPTER 4 Long-Distance Nationalism: Ukrainian Monuments and Historical Memory in Multicultural Canada Per A. Rudling INTRODUCTION In October 2017, a political controversy erupted, as the Russian embassy in Ottawa posted a number of images on its twitter account, purporting to depict ‘Nazi memorials’ in Canada. Three images of memorials to Waffen-SS veterans, a prominent Nazi collaborator, and ultranationalist insurgents were accompanied by the comment ‘There are monuments to Nazi collaborators in Canada and nobody is doing anything about it’. The message was followed by the hash tags ‘#NeverForget #Holocaust #WorldWar2’ (‘Russia in Canada’ 2017) (Fig. 4.1). Three years earlier, Russia had invaded Ukraine and annexed parts of its territory, an action not seen in Europe since World War II. The invasion led to a sharp dete- rioration of Russia’s relations to the West, including Canada, the govern- ments of which strongly and publicly denounced the aggression. The diplomatic row of 2017 should be seen in the context of this conflict. P. A. Rudling (*) Lund University, Lund, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2020 95 S. Marschall (ed.), Public Memory in the Context of Transnational Migration and Displacement, Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41329-3_4 96 P. A. RUDLING Fig. 4.1 Tweet by Russian Embassy in Ottawa (15 October 2017). Thanks to Vasily Kultyshev of the Russian Embassy in Ottawa for the permission to repro- duce. For copyright issues, the images of the Edmonton Shukhevych memo- rial along with the Oakville monuments to the UPA and veterans of the Waffen-SS Galizien have been removed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army: Unwelcome Elements of an Identity Project
    Ab Imperio, 4/2010 John-Paul HIMKA THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS AND THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY: UNWELCOME ELEMENTS OF AN IDENTITY PROJECT Introduction What follows below are four polemical texts that aim to repudiate the legacy of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and of its armed force, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). They were motivated by the, unfortunately largely successful, campaign of former president Viktor Yushchenko in Ukraine and the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (UCC) in the North American diaspora to put the glorification of these radical right nationalists at the very center of the Ukrainian national identity project.1 1 On the most recent Remembrance Day in Canada (November 11, 2010), the UCC issued a statement containing this passage: “As Ukrainian Canadians we also remember and pay tribute to the millions of men and women who perished fighting for the freedom of their ancestral Ukrainian homeland. The men and women of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, the 1st Ukrainian Division of the Ukrainian National Army, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.” The Ukrainian Sich Riflemen fought for an independent Ukraine after World War I, and the 1st Ukrainian Division was a Waffen-SS unit in World War II. 83 John-Paul Himka, Unwelcome Elements of an Identity Project It is my conviction that building an identity around these organizations, with their heavy history of war crimes and ethnic cleansing, is misguided, and in the texts below I attempt to explain why. The first two texts engaged with a colleague of mine at the University of Alberta, Zenon Kohut, director of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies and a prominent historian of Ukraine in the seventeenth and eigh- teenth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1988
    Іі5Ьв(і by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. a fraternal non-profit association| b ШrainianWeelcl V Vol. LVI No. 46 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13,1988 50 cents Cona^'xans protest Soviet rights abuses Multitudes ІП Lviv mark November 1 Act in historic vigil at Yaniv Cemetery OTTAWA - Tens of thousands of believed to be the Revs. Mykhailo Ukrainians in Lviv publicly commemo­ Havryliv and Petro Zeleniuk. rated the 70th anniversary of the No­ Requiem services were offered at the vember 1 Act that proclaimed the graves of Gen. Myron Tarnawsky, independence of western Ukraine and commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian established the Western Ukrainian Galician Army (UHA), and Kost National Republic on the lands former­ Levytsky, well-known publicist, lawyer ly ruled by the Austro-Hungarian and prime minister of the Western Empire. Ukrainian National Republic. News of the public commemoration Ihor Kalynets, a national rights was reported by the Ukrainian Central advocate whose activities stretch from Information Service and disseminated the days of the generation of the sixties by the Ottawa-based Ukrainian Infor­ C'Shestydesiatnyky"), read a collection mation Bureau. of poems about the Russians' destruc­ Citing eyewitness sources, UCIS said tion of the graves of the Ukrainian Sich that 20,000 to 50,000 persons, including Riflemen (Sichovi Striltsi"). several Ukrainian Catholic priests, took Rostyslav Bratun, a member of the part in the candlelight ceremony at the official Writer's Association, delivered historic Yaniv Cemetery on the outskirts an address in which he spoke about of Lviv. According to eyewitnesses, the fighting for the independence of U- crowd was described as a ''sea of kraine.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory of Stalinist Purges in Modern Ukraine
    The Gordian Knot of Past and Present: Memory of Stalinist Purges in Modern Ukraine HALYNA MOKRUSHYNA Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the PdD in Sociology School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Halyna Mokrushyna, Ottawa, Canada, 2018 ii Table of Contents Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv Preface ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Research question ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Conceptual framework ................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2: Social memory framework .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Plast's Centennial Celebrations Culminate with Jamboree in Lviv
    INSIDE: l Experts in Ukraine comment on independence – page 3 l Our communities mark Ukrainian Independence Day – page 4 l Ukraine a force at Summer Paralympic Games – page 14 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXX No. 36 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2012 $1/$2 in Ukraine Plast’s centennial celebrations Consecration of Bishop Borys Gudziak culminate with jamboree in Lviv draws thousands from Ukraine and beyond by Zenon Zawada Special to The Ukrainian Weekly LVIV – Rarely does the consecration of a bishop draw much attention beyond the clergy and staunch faithful, much less from youth. Yet state officials, diplomats and thou- sands of Catholics from Ukraine and abroad – including hundreds of Ukrainian Catholic University (UCU) students and graduates – packed St. George Cathedral in Lviv on August 26 to witness the consecra- tion of the Rev. Borys Gudziak as the 49th bishop of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. He will serve as apostolic exarch for Ukrainian Catholics of France, Switzerland, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. The cathedral’s tightly packed crowd – in which it was difficult for even politicians to get up front – reflected the profound effect that Bishop Borys, who turns 52 in November, has had on Ukrainian higher education during his 10-year tenure as UCU rector. During that decade, more than 2,500 students graduated, a 42-acre theo- logical seminary was built and construc- Zenon Zawada tion was launched on a 10-acre central campus where students now live. Bishop Borys Gudziak blesses the faithful with holy water following his August 26 con- “I came to thank God that my children secration at St.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Ukrainian Studies
    JOURNAL OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES Summer 2003 CONTRIBUTORS Vadim Kukushkin George M. Farion IpHua naBTieuKo Andrii Danylenko James R. Payton, Jr. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/journalofukraini281 Journal of UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume 28, Number 1 Summer 2003 Contributors Vadim Kukushkin George M. Farion IpHHa IlaBjieHKO Andrii Danylenko James R. Payton, Jr. Editor Taras Zakydalsky Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Editorial Board James Jacuta, Zenon E. Kohut, Andrij Makuch, David R, Marples, Marusia K. Petryshyn, Serhii Plokhy, Roman Senkus, Frank E. Sysyn, Myroslav Yurkevich, Maxim Tamawsky Journal of Ukrainian Studies Advisory Board Olga Andriewsky (Trent University, Peterborough, Ont.), L’ubica Babotova (Presov University), Marko Bojcun (London Metropolitan University), Guido Hausmann (University of Cologne), laroslav Hrytsak (Lviv National University), Tamara Hundorova (Institute of Literature, Kyiv), Heorhii Kasianov (Institute of the History of Ukraine, Kyiv), Bohdan Krawchenko (Ukrainian Academy of Public Administration, Kyiv), Marko Pavlyshyn (Monash University, Melbourne), lurii Shapoval (Institute of Political and Ethno-National Studies, Kyiv), Myroslav Shkandrij (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg), Vladyslav Verstiuk (Institute of the History of Ukraine, Kyiv) The Journal of Ukrainian Studies is a semi-annual, peer-refereed scholarly serial pub- lished by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, 450 Athabasca Hall, Edmonton, Alta., T6G 2E8, Canada. Telephone: (780) 492-2972; fax: (780) 492-4967; e-mail: [email protected]. Annual subscriptions are $28.00 (GST inch) for individuals and $39.00 for libraries and institutions in Canada (add $5.00 for mailing and 7% GST). Outside Canada annual subscriptions are u.s. $28.00 for individuals and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish-Ukrainian Conflict Over Eastern Galicia | International Encyclopedia
    Version 1.0 | Last updated 08 October 2014 Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia By Oksana Dudko The Polish-Ukrainian conflict over Eastern Galicia in 1918-19 refers to an armed conflict between Poland and the West Ukrainian National Republic (Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika, ZUNR). It took place largely on the territory of Eastern Galicia between 1 November 1918 and 17 July 1919. Table of Contents 1 Grounds for Conflict and Combatants’ Positions 2 Street Fighting in Lemberg 3 Battles in Eastern Galicia 4 Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Conflict 5 A War of Memories Selected Bibliography Citation Grounds for Conflict and Combatants’ Positions The eastern portion of Galicia – the largest province within the Austro-Hungarian Empire – served as the principal setting for the conflict. In the countryside, ethnic Ukrainians were in the majority, whereas in Lemberg (Lviv/Lwów) and the surrounding towns they formed the minority. Before the war, ethnic Poles were the largest ethnic group in Lemberg proper; Jews comprised the second largest group, totaling more than 30 percent of city residents. Ukrainians formed the third largest group with 18 percent. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy on 16 October 1918, Charles I, Emperor of Austria (1887-1922) issued a proclamation granting autonomy to nations within the Empire. Both Poles and Ukrainians accordingly began to formulate plans to take control of Eastern Galicia, with the objective of establishing national rule. On 19 October 1918, the Ukrainian side formed a Ukrainian National Rada (Council) which announced its intention to establish an independent state on the territory of Eastern Galicia extending to the San River.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences Plans of Practical
    MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences Plans of practical classes, reading list and questions for self-discipline of "HISTORY OF UKRAINE AND UKRAINIAN CULTURE" (For 1st year students Specialty “Dentistry”) Discussed and approved at a meeting of the department of Philosophy and Social Sciences "___28___" ____12_____2020, minutes № _9_ Head of department V. Dubinina Poltava – 2020 2 Topics of the lectures: 1. Problems of the emergence and formation of the Ukrainian statehood of the princely period - 2 hours 2. Cossack’s Hetman State - 2 hours 3. National Revolution (1917-1921). Revival of Ukrainian statehood - 2 hours 4. The Ukrainian state in the period of the totalitarian repressive regime and Second World War (1939-1945) - 2 hours 5. Democratic processes 60-70-th of XX century. Development dissident and human rights movement - 2 hours 6. Ukraine on the way to sovereignty and independence - 2 hours 7. The subject and methodological foundations of the history of Ukrainian culture - 2 hours 8. Syncretism of the culture of the ancient population on the territory of Ukraine - 2 hours 9. Artistic and stylistic peculiarities of Ukrainian culture in the late XIV - XVIII centuries - 2 hours Practical classes: Topic № 1 Ukraine in princely era. Ukrainian lands in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (2 hours) Plan 1. Subject, methods, principles and functions of the history of Ukraine. 2. The state-creating traditions of Cimmerians, Scythians and Sarmatians. 3 3. Slavonic ethnogenesis. 4. Socio-economic and political system of Kyivan Rus. 5. Feudal fragmentation of Kyivan Rus.
    [Show full text]
  • Nataliia Vovk UKRAINIAN GALICIAN ARMY MILITARY SYMBOLS and UNIFORM: SELECTED ISSUES Lviv Polytechnic National University
    Секція - Історія Nataliia Vovk UKRAINIAN GALICIAN ARMY MILITARY SYMBOLS AND UNIFORM: SELECTED ISSUES Lviv Polytechnic National University Introduction It is believed that uniforms and military distinctions in the armed forces discipline the personnel, significantly increase its morale and fighting spirit, enhance national consciousness, ensure the continuity of generations, give civilian and dignity of the warrior. The military of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR), which was formed in the face of difficult conditions, during the active fighting in November 1918 was not an exception. The formation of a capable Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA) was closely linked not only to the organization of its combat units, quartermaster services, but also to the information system for providing troops. Against the background of a deep study of the important aspects of the WUPR armed forces construction, the problem of UGA information support during the Ukrainian- Polish confrontation should also be considered from the point of view of the analysis of the soldiers unity and legal documents that regulated the status of the UGA military form. The purpose of the study is to create an image of soldiers of the Ukrainian Galician Army. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: to analyze the historiographical and source base; identify the main elements of the analysis of the appearance of UGA soldiers; to analyze the main breastplates and orders of WUPR troops; to create an image of WUPR soldiers in the historiographic section. Analysis of historiographical sources reveals some gaps in the study of this problem. Among the researchers who partially analyzed the uniaxial UGA, we should mention M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Ukrainian Special Collections at Harvard University
    A guide to Ukrainian special collections at Harvard University The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Kiebuzinski, Ksenya. 2007. A guide to Ukrainian special collections at Harvard University. Harvard Library Bulletin 18 (3-4). 1-107. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42672684 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Ukrainian Research Institute Manuscripts and Archives he chronological extent of the Institute’s manuscript and archival collections ranges from 1860 to the present. Te collections include personal Tdocuments, correspondence, telegrams, minutes, fnancial and administrative records, manuscripts, publications, press clippings, and photographs. Te predominant languages of the various documents are Ukrainian and English, although some of the documents are written in other European languages. Te collections are a particularly important historical resource for the study of Ukraine during the revolutionary years 1917 to 1921 and Ukrainian refugee and émigré life in Europe and the United States following World War II. Te papers and archives are also useful for studying Ukrainian cultural life from the viewpoint of individual lives and institutional activities. Several collections provide insights into the immediate post-World War I period in Ukraine. Te Yaroslav Chyz collection includes telegrams relating to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in early 1917 and the ensuing hostilities that enveloped Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]