Polish-Ukrainian Conflict Over Eastern Galicia | International Encyclopedia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Polish-Ukrainian Conflict Over Eastern Galicia | International Encyclopedia Version 1.0 | Last updated 08 October 2014 Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia By Oksana Dudko The Polish-Ukrainian conflict over Eastern Galicia in 1918-19 refers to an armed conflict between Poland and the West Ukrainian National Republic (Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika, ZUNR). It took place largely on the territory of Eastern Galicia between 1 November 1918 and 17 July 1919. Table of Contents 1 Grounds for Conflict and Combatants’ Positions 2 Street Fighting in Lemberg 3 Battles in Eastern Galicia 4 Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Conflict 5 A War of Memories Selected Bibliography Citation Grounds for Conflict and Combatants’ Positions The eastern portion of Galicia – the largest province within the Austro-Hungarian Empire – served as the principal setting for the conflict. In the countryside, ethnic Ukrainians were in the majority, whereas in Lemberg (Lviv/Lwów) and the surrounding towns they formed the minority. Before the war, ethnic Poles were the largest ethnic group in Lemberg proper; Jews comprised the second largest group, totaling more than 30 percent of city residents. Ukrainians formed the third largest group with 18 percent. With the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy on 16 October 1918, Charles I, Emperor of Austria (1887-1922) issued a proclamation granting autonomy to nations within the Empire. Both Poles and Ukrainians accordingly began to formulate plans to take control of Eastern Galicia, with the objective of establishing national rule. On 19 October 1918, the Ukrainian side formed a Ukrainian National Rada (Council) which announced its intention to establish an independent state on the territory of Eastern Galicia extending to the San River. On 20 October 1918, the Lemberg City Council passed a resolution to incorporate the city within the independent Polish state. The Ukrainian delegation challenged the resolution’s legality. Street Fighting in Lemberg On 1 November 1918, the Ukrainian Division – and in particular the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen – led by sotnyk (lieutenant) Dmytro Vitovskyi (1887-1919), attacked the Polish side and took control of key facilities within the city. Lemberg was declared the capital of the newly established ZUNR. In response, Poles established two bases of resistance headed by the Lemberg Central Defense Unit under Czesław Mączyński (1881-1935). The Polish combatants in the battles for control of Lemberg included a significant number of youth. The struggle for Lemberg lasted until 21 November 1918. Superior Polish numbers and firepower from nearby Przemyśl allowed them to drive the Ukrainian forces from the city on 22 November 1918. The capture of the city unleashed a two-day pogrom in $Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia - 1914-1918-Online 1/3 both Jewish and Ukrainian districts. Battles in Eastern Galicia By mid-December 1918, the Polish-Ukrainian battlefront extended from Tisna to Khyriv and farther along the Przemyśl – Lemberg railway line to Yaroslav through Liubachiv, Rava-Ruska, Bełz and Krylov in the Chełm land. The so-called Polish “East Army” was assembled in mid-November 1918 under the leadership of Tadeusz Rozwadowski (1886- 1928). The Ukrainians countered with forces from the Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA), the ZUNR’s regular army. In early January 1919, Polish forces secured a marked advantage, taking the towns of Bełz and Uhnów, as well as the Yaroslav - Rava- Ruska railway line. Immediately after being ousted from Lemberg, the Ukrainian Galician Army attempted - in vain - to retake the city and drive Polish forces back beyond the San River. Following those unsuccessful attempts, the Ukrainian forces launched what is known as the Vovchukhy Offensive (16-23 February 1919), which severed railway connections between Przemyśl and Lemberg. It was a felicitous turn of events for the Ukrainians; following a request from the Entente Mission, hostilities were temporarily suspended. Hostilities resumed on 2 March 1919. By 19 March 1919, Polish forces had retaken the Przemyśl – Lemberg railway line. The 35,000-strong French Haller Army’s arrival at the front gave the Poles an even greater advantage. As April 1919 drew to a close, the Poles prepared for a restructured offensive on Eastern Galicia. The attack started in mid-May 1919 and Poles captured part of Eastern Galicia. The Romanian army launched an offensive in the southwestern sector of Eastern Galicia at the same time, capturing the Pokuttia region. The bulk of the Ukrainian forces were now stationed in southeastern Galicia, between the Zbruch and Dniester rivers. Here the army was restructured under the leadership of General Oleksandr Hrekov (1875-1958), who devised a counteroffensive known as the Chortkiv Offensive (7-28 June 1919). In fierce fighting, the Ukrainians managed to drive the Polish forces beyond the line of the Dniester and Hnyla Lypa rivers. However, the UGA’s gains were soon lost, their forces driven back between the Dniester and Zbruch rivers. On 28 June 1919, Polish soldiers broke through the Ukrainian line, and by 16 July 1919 they had forced the UGA to retreat back across the Zbruch onto the territory of the Ukrainian National Republic. Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Conflict From that point on, Polish forces occupied the territory of Eastern Galicia. The Entente Council of Ambassadors formalized the final declaration annexing Eastern Galicia to Poland on 15 March 1923. The conflict and its memorialization played a significant role in interwar Poland. In the 1920s, the Polish government erected a memorial at Lwów’s Lychakiv Cemetery dedicated to the Polish forces that had fought in the city’s defense. However, the memorial was destroyed in the Soviet period. In the late 1980s, efforts to restore the memorial were undertaken, provoking heated Polish-Ukrainian discussions that lasted into the early 2000s. In 2005, the Ukrainian-Polish debate was regulated on the state level in both countries. It was decided that a Ukrainian memorial would be erected near the Polish memorial. The official unveiling took place on 24 June 2005 with the Polish and Ukrainian presidents in attendance. A War of Memories The Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918-19 remains a battleground of varying interpretations and conflicting narratives. In the Polish cultural recollection of the war’s events, the central position is given to the Battle of Lemberg that took place between 1 and 22 November 1918. It is referred to in Polish historiography as “the Defense of Lwów.” During the Second Polish Republic, the “Youth Hero Cult” of those who fought to defend the city, the so-called Lwów Eaglets (Orlęta lwowskie), arose. The Ukrainian narrative in turn is centered around 1 November 1918, the date of the declaration of the West Ukrainian National Republic and the acquisition of power in Lviv. Oksana Dudko, Center for Urban History of East Central Europe $Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia - 1914-1918-Online 2/3 Section Editor: Piotr Szlanta Selected Bibliography Klimecki, Michał: Polsko-ukrainś ka wojna o Lwoẃ i Galicje ̨ Wschodnia ̨ 1918-1919 (Polish-Ukrainian War for Lwów and Eastern Galicia 1918–1919), Warsaw 2000: Oficyna Wydawnicza Volumen. Szporluk, Roman: Polish–Ukrainian relations in 1918. Notes for discussion, in: Latawski, Paul (ed.): The reconstruction of Poland, 1914–1923, London 1992, pp. 41–54. Ther, Philipp; Czaplicka, John: War versus peace. Interethnic relations in Lviv during the first half of the twentieth century, in: Harvard Ukrainian Studies 24, 2000, pp. 251-284. Zashkilnyak, Leonid: Do genezy ukrainsko-polskogo konfliktu u XX stolitti (To the roots of the Ukrainian-Polish conflict in the 20th century): Ukraine – Poland. Istorychna spadschyna i suspilna svidomist, volume 3–4, 2011, pp. 22- 41. Zhurzhenko, Tatiana: The border as pain and remedy. Commemorating the Polish–Ukrainian conflict of 1918– 1919 in Lviv and Przemyśl, in: Nationalities Papers. The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, 2013, pp. 1-27. Citation Dudko, Oksana: Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10129. License This text is licensed under: CC by-NC-ND 3.0 Germany - Attribution, Non-commercial, No Derivative Works. $Polish-Ukrainian Conflict over Eastern Galicia - 1914-1918-Online 3/3.
Recommended publications
  • Східноєвропейський Історичний Вісник East European Historical Bulletin
    МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ДРОГОБИЦЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ІВАНА ФРАНКА MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE DROHOBYCH IVAN FRANKO STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY ISSN 2519-058X (Print) ISSN 2664-2735 (Online) СХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ВІСНИК EAST EUROPEAN HISTORICAL BULLETIN ВИПУСК 12 ISSUE 12 Дрогобич, 2019 Drohobych, 2019 Рекомендовано до друку Вченою радою Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету імені Івана Франка (протокол від 29 серпня 2019 року № 8) Наказом Міністерства освіти і науки України збірник включено до КАТЕГОРІЇ «А» Переліку наукових фахових видань України, в яких можуть публікуватися результати дисертаційних робіт на здобуття наукових ступенів доктора і кандидата наук у галузі «ІСТОРИЧНІ НАУКИ» (Наказ МОН України № 358 від 15.03.2019 р., додаток 9). Східноєвропейський історичний вісник / [головний редактор В. Ільницький]. – Дрогобич: Видавничий дім «Гельветика», 2019. – Вип. 12. – 232 с. Збірник розрахований на науковців, викладачів історії, аспірантів, докторантів, студентів й усіх, хто цікавиться історичним минулим. Редакційна колегія не обов’язково поділяє позицію, висловлену авторами у статтях, та не несе відповідальності за достовірність наведених даних і посилань. Головний редактор: Ільницький В. І. – д.іст.н., доц. Відповідальний редактор: Галів М. Д. – к.пед.н., доц. Редакційна колегія: Манвідас Віткунас – д.і.н., доц. (Литва); Вацлав Вєжбєнєц – д.габ. з історії, проф. (Польща); Дюра Гарді – д.філос. з історії, професор (Сербія); Дарко Даровец – д. фі- лос. з історії, проф. (Італія); Дегтярьов С. І. – д.і.н., проф. (Україна); Пол Джозефсон – д. філос. з історії, проф. (США); Сергій Єкельчик – д. філос. з історії, доц. (Канада); Сергій Жук – д.і.н., проф. (США); Саня Златановіч – д.філос. з етнології та антропо- логії, ст. наук. спів.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Grassland Vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a Preliminary Overview of Its Syntaxonomy, Ecology and Biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Tuexenia - Mitteilungen der Floristisch-soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: NS_34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kuzenko Anna A., Becker Thomas, Didukh Yakiv P., Ardelean Ioana Violeta, Becker Ute, Beldean Monika, Dolnik Christian, Jeschke Michael, Naqinezhad Alireza, Ugurlu Emin, Unal Aslan, Vassilev Kiril, Vorona Evgeniy I., Yavorska Olena H., Dengler Jürgen Artikel/Article: Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) - a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity 391-430 Tuexenia 34: 391–430. Göttingen 2014. doi: 10.14471/2014.34.020, available online at www.tuexenia.de Dry grassland vegetation of Central Podolia (Ukraine) – a preliminary overview of its syntaxonomy, ecology and biodiversity Die Trockenrasenvegetation Zentral-Podoliens (Ukraine) – eine vorläufige Übersicht zu Syntaxonomie, Ökologie und Biodiversität Anna A. Kuzemko1, Thomas Becker2, Yakiv P. Didukh3, Ioana Violeta Arde- lean4, Ute Becker5, Monica Beldean4, Christian Dolnik6, Michael Jeschke2, Alireza Naqinezhad7, Emin Uğurlu8, Aslan Ünal9, Kiril Vassilev10, Evgeniy I. Vorona11, Olena H. Yavorska11 & Jürgen Dengler12,13,14,* 1National Dendrological Park “Sofiyvka”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyivska Str. 12a, 20300 Uman’, Ukraine, [email protected];2Geobotany, Faculty of Geography and Geosciences, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, 54296 Trier, Germany, [email protected];
    [Show full text]
  • The Polish Thermopylae – Hodów
    All Polish collector coins feature: Collector coins issued by NBP face value are sold in the NBP regional branches and at the online shop. image of the Eagle established as the state emblem of the Republic of Poland inscription: Rzeczpospolita Polska year of issue On 12 July 2018, Narodowy Bank Polski will be putting into circulation collector coins with a face The Polish Thermopylae value of 50 złoty and 500 złoty from the series “Treasuries of Stanisław August” – Henry Valois – Hodów and a silver coin of the series “History of Polish Coin” – ‘boratynka’, ‘tymf’ of John Casimir Vasa, with a face value of 20 złoty. Narodowy Bank Polski is the central bank of the State, responsible for its monetary policy and price stability. The Bank’s functions are described in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Act on NBP. NBP holds the exclusive right to issue the currency of the Republic of Poland. As the central bank, it does not provide accounts for the general public, accept deposits from or extend loans to individuals. Issuing collector items is an occasion It acts as a banker to the State budget and public to commemorate important historic figures sector entities. NBP also holds and manages and anniversaries, as well as to develop the foreign exchange reserves of the State. Finally, the interest of the public in Polish culture, it functions as a banker to banks, creating conditions science and tradition. for the operation of the Polish banking system. Narodowy Bank Polski is one of the most important Information on the issue schedule research and analytical centres in the fields can be found at the of economics and financial markets.
    [Show full text]
  • “From the East, This Town Borders the River Zbruch Bordering Poland...”
    STudia HiSToRiae oeconomicae uam Vol. 36 Poznań 2018 zhg.amu.edu.pl/sho PART I. ARTICLES Tomasz K a r g o l, Krzysztof Ś l u s a r e k (Jagiellonian University, Kraków) “FRom THe eaST, THiS ToWn BoRdeRS THe RiVeR ZBRucH BoRdeRinG PoLand...”. ToWnS in THe GaLicia, VoLHYnia and PodoLia BoRdeRLand in THe LaTe 18TH cenTuRY: uRBan, PuBLic, PoLiTicaL, and Socio-economic SPaceS doi:10.2478/sho-2018-0001 Partitioning of Poland and the establishment of new political borders had a great impact on social and economic life. It resulted in the closing of trade routes and division of real estate, as well as of former units of state and church administration. Another emerging problem involved su- jets mixtes, desertion, and defection. The new geo-political situation of Poland after 1772 was also reflected in the functioning of towns and villages. The objective of this article is to discuss the situation of towns in Galicia, located on the eastern frontier of the Austrian partition, near the Polish-Austrian border, and since 1793 — the Austrian-Russian border. This problem is already present in historiography owing to two pub- lications: by B. Kuzmany on Brody, and by P. Adelsgruber, L. Cohen and B. Kuzmany [Adelsgruber P., Cohen L., Kuzmany B. 2011] on rela- tions between the frontier towns on the two sides: Brody-Radziwiłów, Podwołoczyska-Wołoczyska, and Husiatyn-Gusiatyn [Kuzmany B. 2011]. These works adopted a wider perspective on the problem of frontier towns, both chronologically (they covered the entire “long” 19th century) and geopolitically (the border on the Zbruch river as a periphery of two empires, Austrian and Russian) [Augustynowicz Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    BEYOND RESENTMENT Mykola Riabchuk Vasyl Kuchabsky, Western Ukraine in Conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923. Translated from the German by Gus Fagan. Edmomton and Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009. 361 pp. + 6 maps. t might be a risky enterprise to publish a historical of Western Ukrainians to establish their independent monograph written some eighty years ago, which at republic on the ruins of the Habsburg empire—in full the time addressed the very recent developments of line with the prevailing Wilsonian principle of national I1918-1923—this would seem to be much more suited toself-determination, the right presumably granted by the lively memoirs than a cool-blooded analysis and archival victorious Entente to all East European nations. Western research. Indeed, since 1934 when Vasyl Kuchabsky's Ukraine is in the center of both the title and the narrative, Die Westukraine im Kampfe mit Polen und dem and this makes both the book and its translation rather Bolschewismus in den Jahren 1918-1923 was published important, since there are still very few “Ukrainocentric” in Germany in a small seminar series, a great number of accounts of these events, which though not necessarily books and articles on the relevant topics have appeared, opposing the dominant Polish and Russian perspectives, and even a greater number of archival documents, letters at least provide some check on the myths and biases and memoirs have become accessible to scholars. and challenge or supplement the dominant views with Still, as Frank Sysyn rightly points out in his short neglected facts and alternative interpretations.
    [Show full text]
  • Harvard Historical Studies • 173
    HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES • 173 Published under the auspices of the Department of History from the income of the Paul Revere Frothingham Bequest Robert Louis Stroock Fund Henry Warren Torrey Fund Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM WILLIAM JAY RISCH The Ukrainian West Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2011 Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM Copyright © 2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Risch, William Jay. The Ukrainian West : culture and the fate of empire in Soviet Lviv / William Jay Risch. p. cm.—(Harvard historical studies ; 173) Includes bibliographical references and index. I S B N 9 7 8 - 0 - 6 7 4 - 0 5 0 0 1 - 3 ( a l k . p a p e r ) 1 . L ’ v i v ( U k r a i n e ) — H i s t o r y — 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . 2 . L ’ v i v ( U k r a i n e ) — P o l i t i c s a n d government— 20th century. 3. L’viv (Ukraine)— Social conditions— 20th century 4. Nationalism— Ukraine—L’viv—History—20th century. 5. Ethnicity— Ukraine—L’viv— History—20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Potential of the Western Ukrainian Borderland
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 2017, 7(2), 17–23 DOI 10.4467/24512249JG.17.011.6627 HUMAN POTENTIAL OF THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN BORDERLAND Iryna Hudzelyak (1), Iryna Vanda (2) (1) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) (2) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] Citation Hudzelyak I., Vanda I., 2017, Human potential of the Western Ukrainian borderland, Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 7(2), 17–23. Abstract This article contains the analysis made with the help of generalized quantative parameters, which shows the tendencies of hu- man potential formation of the Western Ukrainian borderland during 2001–2016. The changes of number of urban and rural population in eighteen borderland rayons in Volyn, Lviv and Zakarpattia oblasts are evaluated. The tendencies of urbanization processes and resettlement of rural population are described. Spatial differences of age structure of urban and rural population are characterized. Key words Western Ukrainian borderland, human potential, population, depopulation, aging of population. 1. Introduction during the period of closed border had more so- cial influence from the West, which formed specific Ukraine has been going through the process of model of demographic behavior and reflected in dif- depopulation for some time; it was caused with ferent features of the human potential. significant reduction in fertility and essential mi- The category of human potential was developed gration losses of reproductive cohorts that lasted in economic science and conceptually was related almost a century.
    [Show full text]
  • Lviv Court Returns Guilty Verdicts in Case of 2002 Sknyliv Air Disaster
    INSIDE:• President Viktor Yushchenko to receive the Liberty Medal — page 5. • County prosecutor discusses issue of human trafficking — page 9. • Ukrainian American Youth Association resort marks 50th anniversary — centerfold. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXXIII HE KRAINIANNo. 27 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JULY 3, 2005 EEKLY$1/$2 in Ukraine T U Presidents Wof Ukraine and Poland Lviv court returns guilty verdicts unveil memorials at Lviv cemetery in caseby Zenon of Zawada 2002 Sknyliving maneuver air and walked disaster away from the Kyiv Press Bureau carnage physically unscathed. They left in their wake not only the dead, LVIV – Though it is expected in Ukraine among them 28 children, but also 292 that a man will refrain from crying in public, injured victims in what became the worst air Bohdan Onyschak, 50, couldn’t contain his show catastrophe in history. (Unofficial esti- tears in a Lviv courtroom on June 23. mates of the injured reached as high as 500.) A judge had been reading the 77 On June 24 a three-judge panel led by names of those who died in the Sknyliv Vitalii Zahoruyka laid blame for the catas- airfield catastrophe in 2002, and had trophe upon the pilots and their command- reached those of Mr. Onyschak’s daugh- ers, determining that they were careless in ter-in-law, two sons and granddaughter. handling their military responsibilities. “Onyschak, Iryna Volodymyrivna, born The court found four defendants guilty 1979, reason for death was severe and fatal of failing to execute orders, negligence trauma to head and internal organs; and violating flight rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukrainian Literature
    UKRAINIAN LITERATURE A Journal of Translations Volume 3 2011 Ukrainian Literature A Journal of Translations Editor Maxim Tarnawsky Manuscript Editor Uliana Pasicznyk Editorial Board Taras Koznarsky, Askold Melnyczuk, Michael M. Naydan, Marko Pavlyshyn www.UkrainianLiterature.org Ukrainian Literature is published by the Shevchenko Scientific Society, Inc., 63 Fourth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A. (tel.) 212–254–5130; (fax) 212–254–5239. Ukrainian Literature publishes translations into English of works of Ukrainian literature. The journal appears triennially both on the internet (www.UkrainianLiterature.org) and in a print edition. A mirror of the internet edition appears at www.shevchenko.org/Ukr_Lit. Ukrainian Literature welcomes submissions from translators. Translators who wish to submit translations for consideration should contact the editor by e-mail at [email protected]. Correspondence relating to subscriptions and the distribution of the printed journal should be addressed to the publisher (Shevchenko Scientific Society, Inc., 63 Fourth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A.; tel.: 212–254–5130; fax: 212–254–5239). In matters relating to the content of the journal, its editorial policies, or to the internet version, please contact the editor by e- mail at [email protected]. ISSN 1552-5880 (online edition) ISSN 1552-5872 (print edition) Publication of this volume was made possible by a grant from the Ivan and Elizabeth Chlopecky Fund of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (USA). Copyright © Shevchenko Scientific Society,
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Cemetries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine
    Syracuse University SURFACE Religion College of Arts and Sciences 2005 Jewish Cemetries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine Samuel D. Gruber United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/rel Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Gruber, Samuel D., "Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine" (2005). Full list of publications from School of Architecture. Paper 94. http://surface.syr.edu/arc/94 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religion by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND MASS GRAVE SITES IN UKRAINE United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 2005 UNITED STATES COMMISSION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S HERITAGE ABROAD Warren L. Miller, Chairman McLean, VA Members: Ned Bandler August B. Pust Bridgewater, CT Euclid, OH Chaskel Besser Menno Ratzker New York, NY Monsey, NY Amy S. Epstein Harriet Rotter Pinellas Park, FL Bingham Farms, MI Edgar Gluck Lee Seeman Brooklyn, NY Great Neck, NY Phyllis Kaminsky Steven E. Some Potomac, MD Princeton, NJ Zvi Kestenbaum Irving Stolberg Brooklyn, NY New Haven, CT Daniel Lapin Ari Storch Mercer Island, WA Potomac, MD Gary J. Lavine Staff: Fayetteville, NY Jeffrey L. Farrow Michael B. Levy Executive Director Washington, DC Samuel Gruber Rachmiel
    [Show full text]
  • Biography of Ralph Israel Charak
    Heritage Project: Biography of Ralph Israel Charak Sarah Charak, December 2010 1 I’ve always been fascinated by my Saba’s story. As a small child, I remember being told stories of his survival. I would sit on his lap, imagining my Saba as a hero; my Saba creeping through the forests; my Saba fooling the Nazis… As I grew up, my mental image of Saba changed. I was amazed less by his heroism and more by his intelligence and resourcefulness. When I started to interview Saba earlier this year, my understanding of his story changed again. Discovering the details – the dates and the names and the places, and the countless stories of lucky chances – forced me to think about the miracle that was his survival. I questioned, wondered, and tried to understand. How? WHY? * Childhood November 1926 – September 1939 My Saba was born on 18th November 1926, in a district town ‘Galicia… stretches from the outer edge called Sokal, in Galicia, in the part of town on the eastern of core Poland, north of the regional bank of the River Bug. Sokal was then in Poland; borders capital Lvov and southward, to where the Prut flows into the… province of have changed since and it is now part of the Ukraine. Saba Bukovina. It extends from the foothills was named Israel Charak (in Hebrew, Yisrael Charag); he of the Carpathian Mountains in the was called Srulik at home. Saba added Ralph to his name west… to the Zbruch River in the east. when he was naturalised as an American citizen in 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices I
    Appendices I. Archival Sources Archival research for this monograph was conducted in Lviv, the former capital of Galicia, in 1983. To orient myself in the rich archival holdings of this city, I benefitted from the unpublished manuscript of Patricia K. Grimsted's forthcoming guide to Soviet Ukrainian archives and manuscript repositories' as well as from a number of published works.' Plans to use archives in Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk were frustrated, as was the plan to use the manuscript collection of the Institute of Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (in Kiev). Work in the Austrian archives in 1982 did not uncover sources of direct relevance to the subject of this monograph, but the Viennese archives remain an important and little-explored repository of historical documentation on Galician history. The richest collection of unpublished sources on the history of Galicia during the Austrian period is located in the Central State Historical Archives of the Ukrainian SSR in Lviv (U Tsentrainyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv URSR u rn. Lvovi; abbre- viated as TsDIAL). The Central Archives have inherited the papers of various Galician government institutions and major civic organizations. Unfortunately, there is no published guide to these archives, although a number of articles describe aspects of their holdings.' The papers of the Presidium of the Galician Viceroy's Office (U Haiytske narnisnytstvo, rn. Lviv. Prezydiia) are contained in TsDIAL, fond 146, opysy 4-8 (and presumably others). Particularly valuable for this study were documents dealing with the publication and confiscation of political brochures and periodicals, including , Patricia K.
    [Show full text]