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Water Resources Study Component of the South Nation River Basin

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Water Resources Study Component of the South Nation River Basin Water Resources Study Component of the South Nation River Basin Mlume II Report to South Nation River Conservation Authority Mackren Plansearch October 1 982 Lava li n TABLE OF CONTENTS Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Page . -No. Letter of Transmittal Table of Contents L'ist of Tables List of Figures VOLUME I Executive Summary 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 1.2 Location Extent 1.3 Physiography and Drainage 1.4 Previous investigations 1.5 Study Overview ANALYSIS OF STREAMFLOW AND PRECIPITATION 2.1 Available Data 2.2 Analysis of the Data Base 2.2.1 General 2.2.2 Graphical Analysis 2.2.3 Statistical Analysis 2.2.4 Double-Mass Analysis 2.3 Frequency Analysis of Peak Discharge Rate 2.3.1 General 2.3.2 Flood Frequency Characteristics 2.3.3 Peak Discharge Estimates 2.3.4 Station Skewness Coefficient 2.3.5 Inter-correlation of Annual Flood Peaks 2.4 Flow Duration Curves 2.5 Conclusions 3.0 PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF WATER MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES 3.1 Introduction iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) Water Zesources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Page -No. 3.1.1 Flooding Problems 3.1.2 Summary of Proposed Remedial Work 3.1.2.1 Brinston Flood Area 3.1.2.2 Plantagenet Flood Area 3.2 Hydrology 3.2.1 Selection of Flow Sequences 3.2.1.1 High Flow Event 3.2.1.2 Summer Low Flows 3.2.2 Methodology for Flow Distribution 3.2.2.1 High Flow Event 3.2.2.2 Low Summer Flows 3.3 Computer Simulation 3.3.1 General 3.3.2 Description of the HEC-5 Model 3.3.3 Schematic of the System 3.3.3.1 High Flow Event 3.3.3.2 Low Flow Event 3.3.4 Alternatives Modelled 3.3.4.1 High Flow Event 3.3.4.2 Low Flow Event 3.3.5 Tabulation of Results 3.3.5.1 High Flow Events 3.3.5.2 Law Flow Events 3.3.6 Discussion of Results 3.3.6.1 Flood Control Structures 3.3.6.2 Low Flow Augmentation 3.4 ~ecommendations/~onclusions 4.0 DELINEATION OF SECONDARY FLOOD PLAIN AREAS 4.1 General 4.2 Flood Hazard Categories 4.3 Method 4.3.1 Aerial Photograph Interpretation 4.3.2 Field Survey 4.3.3 Flow Estimates 4.3.4 Hydraulic Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River as in Development Plan Page -No. 4.4 Discussion of Results 4.5 Conclusions 5.0 HYDROLOGIC MODELLING OF THE SOUTH NATION BASIN 5.1 General 5.2 Model Description 5.2.1 Snow ~ccumulationand Melt 5.2.2 Runoff from Pervious Areas 5.2.3 Channel and Reservoir muting 5.3 Data Base and Model Preparation 5.3.1 Data Requirements and Availability 5.3.2 Meteorological Data Base Preparation 5.3.3 Hydrometric Data Base 5.3.4 Model Set-up and Parameter Initialization 5.4 Model Calibration and Validation 5-15 5.4.1 Objectives of the calibration/ Validation Process 5-1 5 5.4.2 ~alibration/~alidationof the HSP-F Model of the South Nation River Basin 5-17 5.4.3 Results of the Calibration/~alidation5-20 5.4.4 Discussion of Final Model Parameters 5-29 5.5 Base Condition Model Runs 5-31 5.5.1 General 5-31 5.5.2 High Flow Frequency Analysis - Flood Prone Areas 5-32 5.5.3 High Flow Frequency Analysis - Outlet of Municipal Drains 5-3 3 5.5.4 Low Flow Frequency Analysis - Potential Water Supply Points 5-33 6.0 IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE PRACTICES 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Method Overview 6-2 6.3 Test Area Monitoring Data 6-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River as in Development Plan Page No. 6.3.1 Analysis of Flow Data 6.4 Modifications to DRAINMOD 6.5 Model Calibration 6.5.1 Calibration of DRAINMOD 6.5.2 Calibration of HSP-F 6.5.3 Testing on Partially Tiled Areas 6.5.4 Conclusions on Calibration 6.6 Effects of Outlet Drain Improvements 6.6.1 Method of Outlet Drain Analysis 6.6.2 Impacts of Outlet Drain Improvement 6.6.3 Conclusions ~egardingOutlet Drain Improvement 6.7 Effects of Title Drainage 6.7.1 Method of Tile Drainage &alysis 6.7.2 Impacts of Tile Drainage 6.8 Lumped HSP-F Model 6.8.1 Method of Lumping. 6.8.2 Lumping Hydraulic Impacts 6.8.3 Lumping Tile Drainage Impacts 6.8.4 Conclusions Regarding Model Lumping 6.9 Low Flow Simulation 7.0 Analysis of Future Flood Control and Land Use Scenarios 7.1 Municipal Drain Improvement 7.1.1 Proposed Drain Improvements 7.1.2 Method 7.1.3 Impacts of Drain Improvements 7.2 Agricultural Drainage 7.2.1 Subsurface Dr ainage Improvement 7.2.2 Outlet Drain Improvement 7.2.3 Impacts of Agricultural Drainage Improvements 7.3 Channelization Works for Flood Control 7.3.1 Method 7.3.2 Impacts of Channel Works TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont' d) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Page No. 7.4 Hydrologic Impact of Forestry 7.4.1 Background 7.4.2 Method 7.4.3 Impacts of Maximizing Forest Production 7.5 Evaluation of ~e servoir Scenarios 7.5.1 Introduction 7.5.2 Selection of High Flow Events 7.5.3 Method 7.5.4 Results of ~nalysis 7.6 Analysis of Flooded Areas 7.7 Water Supply 7.7.1 Surface Water Requirements VOLUME I1 8.0 WATER QUALITY STUDIES 8.1 Overview of Basin Water Quality within the South Nation Basin 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Sediment 8.1.3 Nutrients 8.1.3.1 Introduction 8.1.3.2 Analysis of Nutrient Export 8.1.3.3 Spatial Distribution of Nutrient Losses 8.1.4 Bacteria 8.1.5 Dissolved Oxygen 8.2 Point Sources 8.2.1 Inventory of Municipal Waste Sources 8.2.2 Inventory of Industrial Waste Sources 8.2.3 Relative contribution of Point and Non-Point Sources 8.3 Non-Point Sources 8.3.1 Subsurface Drainage Quality 8.3.1.1 Tile Drain Effluent Quality vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Pag e No. 8.3.1.2 Base Flow Quality 8.3.1.3 Relative Subsurface Nutrient Contributions 8.3.2 Surface Runoff 8.3.3 Nutrient Losses Related to Land Use 8.3.3.1 Nutrient Contribution from Livestock Activities 8.3.3.2 Nutrient Losses Related to other Agricultural Activities 8.4 Impacts of Future Land Use Changes 8.5 point Source Modelling 8.5.1 Implications of Point Source Phosphorus Contributions 8.5.2 Dissolved Oxygen Modelling 8.5.2.1 DO Regime Downstream of Ault Foods 8.5.2.2 DO Regime Downstream of Nestles 8.5.2.3 Municipal Point Sources 9.0 GROUNIlWATER STUDIES 9.1 Geology of the South Nation Basin 9.1.1 Bedrock Geology 9.1.2 Surficial ~eposits 9.2 Basin Hydrogeology 9.2.1 Introduction 9.2.2 General Hydrogeology 9.2.3 Groundwater Occurrence and Aquifer Distribution 9.2.3.1 Groundwater in Bedrock 9.2.3.2 Groundwater in Overburden 9.2.4 Groundwater Quality 9.2.5 Groundwater Recharge 9.2.6 Recharge Areas 9.3 Present Groundwater Utilization 9.3.1 Introduction 9.3.2 Municipal Use viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont' d) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Pag e No. 9.3.3 Rural Domestic Use 9.3.4 Industrial Uses 9.3.5 Irrigation Uses 9.4 Groundwater ~vailability 9.4.1 Introduction 9.4.2 Winchester 9.4.2.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9.4.2.2 Hydrogeology 9.4.2.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9.4.3 Chesterville 9.4.3.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9.4.3.2 Hydrogeology 9.4.3.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9.4.4 St. Isidore de Prescott 9.4.4.1 xi sting Supplies and Future Requirements . 9.4.4.2 Hydrogeology 9.4.4.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9.4.5 Bourget 9.4.5.1 xi sting Supplies and Future Requirements 9.4.5.2 Hydrogeology 9.4.5.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9.4.6 Harnmond 9.4.6.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-44 9.4.6.2 Hydrogeology 9-45 9.4.6.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-4 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont' d) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Page -No. 9.4.7 St. Pascal Baylon 9-50 9.4.7.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-50 9.4.7.2 Hydrogeology 9-51 9.4.7.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-53 9.4.8 Embrun 9-53 9.4.8.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-53 9.4.8.2 Hydrogeology 9-54 9.4.8.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-57 9.4.9 Finch 9-5 8 9.4.9.. 1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-5 8 9.4.10 Maxville 9-58 9.4.10.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-58 9.4.10.2 Hydrogeology 9-59 9.4.10.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-6 1 9.4.11 Russell 9-61 9.4.11.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-61 9.4.11.2 Hydrogeology 9-6 2 9.4.11.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-64 9.4.12 Vars 9-64 9.4.12.1 Existing Supplies and Future Requirements 9-64 9.4.12.2 Hydrogeology 9-65 9.4.12.3 Groundwater Potential for Development 9-66 9.4.13 Limoges 9-67 9.4.13.1 xi sting Supplies and Future Requirements 9-67 9.4.13.2 Hydrogeology 9-6 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) Water Resources Study Component; South Nation River Basin Development Plan Pag e -No.
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