Bibliography of Belizean Caving
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Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints
Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints Caving—also called “spelunking” (speh-LUNK-ing) is an exciting, hands-on way to learn about speleology (spee-lee-AH- luh-gee), the study of caves, in addition to paleontology (pay-lee-en-TAH-luh-gee), the study of life from past geologic periods by examining plant and animal fossils. As a sport, caving is similar to rock climbing, and often involves using ropes to crawl and climb through cavern nooks and crannies. These checkpoints do not apply to groups taking trips to tourist or commercial caves, which often include safety features such as paths, electric lights, and stairways. Girl Scout Daisies and Brownies do not participate in caving. Know where to go caving. Connect with your Girl Scout council for site suggestions. Also, the National Speleological Society provides an online search tool for U.S. caving clubs, and the National Park Service provides information about National Park caves. Include girls with disabilities. Communicate with girls with disabilities and/or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations. Learn more about the resources and information that the National Center on Accessibility and the National Center of Physical Activities and Disabilities provide to people with disabilities. Caving Gear Basic Gear Sturdy boots with ankle protection (hiking boots for dry areas; rubber boots or wellies for wet caves) Warm, rubber gloves (to keep hands warm and protect against cuts and abrasions) Nonperishable, high-energy foods such as fruits and nuts Water Specialized Gear -
Living with Karst Booklet and Poster
Publishing Partners AGI gratefully acknowledges the following organizations’ support for the Living with Karst booklet and poster. To order, contact AGI at www.agiweb.org or (703) 379-2480. National Speleological Society (with support from the National Speleological Foundation and the Richmond Area Speleological Society) American Cave Conservation Association (with support from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation and a Section 319(h) Nonpoint Source Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Kentucky Division of Water) Illinois Basin Consortium (Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky State Geological Surveys) National Park Service U.S. Bureau of Land Management USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey AGI Environmental Awareness Series, 4 A Fragile Foundation George Veni Harvey DuChene With a Foreword by Nicholas C. Crawford Philip E. LaMoreaux Christopher G. Groves George N. Huppert Ernst H. Kastning Rick Olson Betty J. Wheeler American Geological Institute in cooperation with National Speleological Society and American Cave Conservation Association, Illinois Basin Consortium National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey ABOUT THE AUTHORS George Veni is a hydrogeologist and the owner of George Veni and Associates in San Antonio, TX. He has studied karst internationally for 25 years, serves as an adjunct professor at The University of Ernst H. Kastning is a professor of geology at Texas and Western Kentucky University, and chairs Radford University in Radford, VA. As a hydrogeolo- the Texas Speleological Survey and the National gist and geomorphologist, he has been actively Speleological Society’s Section of Cave Geology studying karst processes and cavern development for and Geography over 30 years in geographically diverse settings with an emphasis on structural control of groundwater Harvey R. -
Lee Harrison White Book, in a Cave Named Savor It Well in a Memorial Service Celebrating Lee’S Life Will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL
Among his most recent achievements The expedition leader of PESH, Bill was setting a rope at the top of the 120-foot Steele, recalls, “In late April of 2019 Lee Dome Pit, in Natural Bridge Cavern near San White led another small team to go 600 Antonio, TX, the state’s largest and most meters deep in the La Grieta section of Steve Davis spectacular show cavern. The rope allowed Sistema Huautla to look for a lead Lee had explorers to reach a tantalizing passage- a hunch they would find. And they did. It way that was once considered inaccessible was a major trunk passage they named after because of its height, giving the first access Lee: Blowhard Boulevard. They ended their in 60 years to a new part of the cave. Lee exploration at the bottom of a waterfall to climbed the wall, setting bolts and ropes, in be climbed next year. Once it is climbed an hour and a half. and mapped, we plan to name it Lee White Lee successfully ascended dozens of Falls.” previously unclimbed domes in TAG. He Lee is survived by his father, Marco made the first ascent of the second tallest White, his mother, Rebecca Watson White, dome, 267 feet, which he named the Very and his brother, Graham White, and a loving Hungry Caterpillar Dome after his favorite family of aunts, uncles, cousins, and cavers. Lee Harrison White book, in a cave named Savor It Well in A memorial service celebrating Lee’s life will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL. -
Cave Research Foundation
CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER MAY 2008 VOLUME 36, NO. 2 SCALING THE ROCK OF AGES See Carlsbad Cavern Restoration, page 6 2 CRF NEWSLETTER CRF National Expedition and Meeting Volume 36, No.2 October 25 - November 2, 2008 established 1973 Join the CRF officers and local cavers for a Send all articles and reports for submission to: great week of caving, meetings, and activities in William Payne, Editor Carlsbad New Mexico this fall. 11203 N . Auden Circle, Missouri City, TX 77459 The next CRF National Expedition will be a five-day intensive re-survey of Slaughter Can The CRF Newsletter is a quarterly publication of the Cave yon Cave inside Carlsbad Caverns National Research Foundation, a non-profit organization incorpo Park. Up to 18 cavers may jo in in the effort to rated in 1957 under the laws of Kentucky for the purpose of map this very beautiful cave that is approxi furthering research, conservation, and education about caves matelya mile long . Pat Kambesis is coordinat and karst. ing the survey project (Thank You Pat!), which Newsletter Submissions & Deadlines: will run from October 26 through 30. There Original articles and photographs are welcome. If intending may be additional survey work in Carlsbad Cav to jointly submit material to another publication, please in erns itself this-week in the evenings. If we have form the CRF editor. Publication cannot be guaranteed, es high demand, other caving objectives (probably pecially if submitted elsewhere. All material is subject to on BLM land) will be added to the expedition. revision unless the author specifically requests otherwise. -
Addressing the Challenges and Future of Cave Mining
news Caving Addressing the challenges and future of cave mining No. 56 SRK Consulting’s International Newsletter Infrastructure development at Oyu Tolgoi There are over 50 global cave mining projects in various stages of studies and development. Despite the fact that the cave mining method orebody below their economic depth, and further is more than 100 years old, it is only within the exploitation of often large low-grade resources at past 20 years that this method has spread from depth would not support a more expensive mining initial cave mining centres to six continents. method. In recent years, besides the economics There are currently approximately 17 cave mining of high strip ratio, the environmental concern also operations in 11 countries. plays an important role when comparing open pit mass mining and caving. Cave mines can have a The interest in cave mining is being fuelled significantly smaller footprint than a comparable by the depletion of near surface orebodies open pit, since waste mined is only limited to suitable for open pit operations, relatively high underground infrastructure development. production rates and low operating cost. Also, a number of open pits have a continuation of the …continued LEFT EDGE OF SIDEBAR BLOCK Addressing the challenges and future of cave mining (continued) JAREK JAKUBEC Shaft headgear at the Resolution Copper project, Arizona, USA Jarek has over 35 years of worldwide Cave mining principles and economics needs to be at least 100 m thick for cave mining to be economical. In the past, operating and Traditionally, cave mining was a method typical caving heights were 150-250 m. -
The Political Appropriation of Caves in the Upper Belize Valley
APPROVAL PAGE FOR GRADUATE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS AT CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES BY Michael J. Mirro Candidate Anthropology Field of Concentration TITLE: The Political Appropriation of Caves in the Upper Belize Valley APPROVED: Dr. James E. Brady Faculty Member Signature Dr. Patricia Martz Faculty Member Signature Dr. Norman Klein Faculty Member Signature Dr. ChorSwang Ngin Department Chairperson Signature DATE___________________ THE POLITICAL APPROPRIATION OF CAVES IN THE UPPER BELIZE VALLEY A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology California State University, Los Angeles In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By Michael J. Mirro December 2007 © 2007 Michael J. Mirro ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank Jaime Awe, of the Department of Archaeology in Belmopan, Belize for providing me with the research opportunities in Belize, and specifically, allowing me to co-direct research at Barton Creek Cave. Thank you Jaime for sending Vanessa and I to Actun Tunichil Muknal in the summer of 1996; that one trip changed my life forever. Thank you Dr. James Brady for guiding me through the process of completing the thesis and for you endless patience over the last four years. I appreciate all the time and effort above and beyond the call of duty that you invested in assisting me. I would specifically like to thank Reiko Ishihara and Christophe Helmke for teaching me the ins-and-outs of Maya ceramics and spending countless hours with me classifying sherds. Without your help, I would never have had enough data to write this thesis. -
Packing List – Son Doong Expedition
Packing list – Son Doong Expedition Xin chào Son Doong adventurer! Please pack your reusable plastic bag as advised by your tour guide and bring it with you to the safety briefing. If you have any questions, you may ask your hotel receptionist. Plastic bags should be filled about no more than halfway, and please set your tripods aside separately. Any important medications or personal items which should stay with you during the trek should be packed in your backpack, not the plastic bag. Also, don't include your first day's trekking clothes in the plastic bag as you'll need to wear those in the morning. Happy packing! We will provide you with the following: Use of 3 x 43,000 lumen LED filming lights Camping gear: tent, sleeping mat, pillow and sleeping bag Caving & safety gear: caving helmet, caving headlight, harness and gloves Meals: breakfast (day 1, 2, 3, 4, departure day), lunch (day 1, 2, 3, 4), dinners (briefing day, day 1, 2, 3, 4) 1.5 L bottled water at the top of the trailhead/trekking point Water filters (application by guide and porters) Basic camping facilities with eco-friendly compost toilet using western toilet seat First Aid Kit, Rescue Equipment & Satellite Phone (application by safety advisor and tour guides only) 1 Safety advisor (member of the British Cave Research Association) 1 Professional English-speaking tour guide, 5 safety assistants and 2 chefs Porter team to carry all gear and prepare all meals Accommodations (single or twin-shared) at local hotels before the tour and in Chay Lap Farmstay & Resort after the tour Round-trip transfer Dong Hoi – Phong Nha before and after the tour Please also bring with you the following: 2 - 3 quick dry, full length pants and 4 - 5 (easy to dry) shirts (at least one long-sleeved shirt) to wear during the trek; thick athletic leggings/running tights/yoga pants are acceptable if they are full-length and not see-through. -
Arrival Belize/ San Ignacio 5 Nights Options, Such As Actun Tunichil Muknal (Challenging, the Arrival Belize International Airport
water cave system in a canoe equipped with a powerful spotlight. While canoeing through the cave, see large and colorful formations, skeletal remains and other cultural artifacts left behind by the Maya centuries ago. BLD DAY FOUR – Lamanai Ruins & River Cruise Getting to Lamanai Ruins is half the fun! After a comfortable highway drive, board a riverboat at Tower Hill Bridge and head up the New River. The river is lined with hardwood trees, orchids and bromeliads, and you might see dainty wading birds called jacanas lightly walking on lily pads, while elusive crocodiles bask in the morning sunlight. At the entrance to the New River Lagoon, the ruins of Lamanai (Maya for "Submerged Crocodile") rise into view. Embark on a jungle hike to visit the Temple of the Mask, one of the tallest Mayan pyramids; the stucco mask of the Sun God "Kinich Ahau"; and the Temple of the Jaguar Masks. These impressive sites appear to materialize out of the rainforest amid the chatter of birds and the haunting call of the howler monkeys. BLD DAY FIVE – Dia libre / options Enjoy a day at your resort, shop, explore the adjacent ruins of Cahal Pech ($5), or select (additional fee) from popular DAY ONE – Arrival Belize/ San Ignacio 5 nights options, such as Actun Tunichil Muknal (challenging, the Arrival Belize International Airport. Your Interact ultimate jungle and Maya cave adventure), Caracol ruins, zip- Representative will greet you in the airport lobby. Transfer to lining, river rafting, or horseback riding. Fees vary from $85 to the Maya Heartland via the Hummingbird Highway. -
A Guide to Responsible Caving Published by the National Speleological Society a Guide to Responsible Caving
A Guide to Responsible Caving Published by The National Speleological Society A Guide to Responsible Caving National Speleological Society 2813 Cave Avenue Huntsville, AL 35810 256-852-1300 [email protected] www.caves.org Fourth Edition, 2009 Text: Cheryl Jones Design: Mike Dale/Switchback Design Printing: Raines This publication was made possible through a generous donation by Inner Mountain Outfitters. Copies of this Guide may be obtained through the National Speleological Society Web site. www.caves.org © Copyright 2009, National Speleological Society FOREWORD We explore caves for many reasons, but mainly for sport or scientific study. The sport caver has been known as a spelunker, but most cave explorers prefer to be called cavers. Speleology is the scientific study of the cave environment. One who studies caves and their environments is referred to as a speleologist. This publication deals primarily with caves and the sport of caving. Cave exploring is becoming increasingly popular in all areas of the world. The increase in visits into the underground world is having a detrimental effect on caves and relations with cave owners. There are many proper and safe caving methods. Included here is only an introduction to caves and caving, but one that will help you become a safe and responsible caver. Our common interests in caving, cave preservation and cave conservation are the primary reasons for the National Speleological Society. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced caver, we hope the guidelines in this booklet will be a useful tool for remembering the basics which are so essential to help preserve the cave environment, to strengthen cave owner relations with the caving community, and to make your visit to caves a safe and enjoyable one. -
Cave Diving in Southeastern Pennsylvania
The Underground Movement Volume 13, Number 11 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA November 2013 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA An Historical, Cultural, and Speleological Perspective of Bucks County — Danny A. Brass — Large portions of central and southern Pennsylvania are ipants than dry caving, cave diving still remains a global underlain by carbonate bedrock (primarily limestone and activity. Worldwide, a variety of cave-diving organiza- dolomite, but with smaller amounts of marble as well). tions can be found in areas rich in underwater caves. Ma- Over the course of geologic time, much of this bedrock jor cave-diving sites include the cenotes and tidal blue- has been exposed by gradual erosion of the overburden. holes of the Bahamas and Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, In combination with the abrasive activity of water-borne the vast underground rivers of Australia’s Nullarbor Plain sediments, the relentless action of weak acids (i.e., chemi- and the sinkholes of its unique Mt. Gambier region, the cal dissolution by acidic groundwater) on soluble car- sumps of Great Britain, and the rich concentration of bonate deposits, especially limestone, is a self- springs in Florida. Diving conditions vary greatly from accelerating process that has led to the development of one region to another. This is reflected in the many differ- broad areas of karst topography. A variety of surface and ences in training procedures, required equipment, under- subsurface geological features are characteristically asso- water protocols, and even diving philosophies, all of ciated with karstification; the presence of large numbers which have evolved in association with local diving con- of solution caves and sinkholes is common. -
Outline of Chiquibul National Park Management Plan
ChiquibulChiquibul CaveCave SystemSystem ManagementManagement PlanPlan 20102010--20152015 Meerman & Moore 2009 Table of Contents Index 1 List of Figures 2 List of Tables 3 List of Boxes 3 Executive Summary 4 Acknowledgements 6 Acronyms 7 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1. Background and Context 1-1 1.2. Purpose and Scope of Management Plan 1-5 1.3. Delineation of the Chiquibul Cave System 1-7 2. Current Status 2-1 2.1. Location 2-1 2.2. Regional Context 2-3 2.3. National Context 2-4 2.3.1. Policy Framework 2-5 2.3.2. Legal and Administrative Framework 2-7 2.3.3. Socio-economic Context 2-9 2.4. Physical Environment of CCS 2-13 2.4.1. Climate 2-13 2.4.2. Hydrology 2-14 2.4.4. Geology 2-16 2.4.5. Soils 2-17 2.5. Biodiversity of CCS 2-17 2.5.1. Ecosystems 2-17 2.5.2. Flora 2-19 2.5.3. Fauna 2-20 2.5.4. Past and Present Research 2-21 2.6. Cultural and Socio-Economic Value of CCS 2-22 2.6.1. Community and Other Stakeholder Use 2-22 2.6.2. Archaeological Sites 2-23 2.6.3. Tourism and Recreation Use 2-24 2.6.4. Other Economic Use 2-25 2.6.5. Education Use 2-25 3. Analysis of Conservation & Cultural Targets and Threats 3-1 3.1. Conservation and Cultural Targets 3-1 Meerman-Moore 2009 - Management Plan Chiquibul Cave System | Index 1 3.2. Threats to Biodiversity and Cultural Resources 3-6 4. -
Open Pit Or Block Caving? a Numerical Ranking Method for Selection
The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2014 SOMP Annual Meeting F. Rashidi-Nejad, F. T. Suorineni, and B. Asi Open pit or block caving? A numerical ranking method for selection F. Rashidi-Nejad*, F. T. Suorineni*, and B. Asi† *School of Mining Engineering, UNSW Australia †BBA Consulting Engineers, Canada Mining in the 21st century is facing many challenges, among which are low-grade and high- tonnage orebodies. One great (r)evolution in mining occurred in the early 20th century when Daniel Jackling proposed the concept of economies of scale for large-scale (bulk) mining at Bingham Canyon. At that time, there were many shallow deposits around the world suitable for open pit mining. Hence, this method grew rapidly and the majority of iron, copper, and gold production came from open pit mines. Open pit mining method has many advantages such as increased safety, higher production rates, more flexibility, lower cost, less operational risk, etc., so normally it considered as preferred option; but break-even depth, high stripping ratios, and environmental issues have become significant challenges facing this method in 21st century. In underground mining, block caving is the only method with the costs comparable to surface mining methods, especially open pit mining. A switch from open pit mining to block caving mining could be another great development in this century. However, even though an increasing number of mines are being developed using block caving, this method involves many technological and environmental challenges. The depth of the orebody is one of the most important factors governing selection of the mining method.