Cave Research Foundation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cave Research Foundation CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER MAY 2008 VOLUME 36, NO. 2 SCALING THE ROCK OF AGES See Carlsbad Cavern Restoration, page 6 2 CRF NEWSLETTER CRF National Expedition and Meeting Volume 36, No.2 October 25 - November 2, 2008 established 1973 Join the CRF officers and local cavers for a Send all articles and reports for submission to: great week of caving, meetings, and activities in William Payne, Editor Carlsbad New Mexico this fall. 11203 N . Auden Circle, Missouri City, TX 77459 The next CRF National Expedition will be a five-day intensive re-survey of Slaughter Can­ The CRF Newsletter is a quarterly publication of the Cave yon Cave inside Carlsbad Caverns National Research Foundation, a non-profit organization incorpo­ Park. Up to 18 cavers may jo in in the effort to rated in 1957 under the laws of Kentucky for the purpose of map this very beautiful cave that is approxi­ furthering research, conservation, and education about caves matelya mile long . Pat Kambesis is coordinat­ and karst. ing the survey project (Thank You Pat!), which Newsletter Submissions & Deadlines: will run from October 26 through 30. There Original articles and photographs are welcome. If intending may be additional survey work in Carlsbad Cav­ to jointly submit material to another publication, please in­ erns itself this-week in the evenings. If we have form the CRF editor. Publication cannot be guaranteed, es­ high demand, other caving objectives (probably pecially if submitted elsewhere. All material is subject to on BLM land) will be added to the expedition. revision unless the author specifically requests otherwise. Those working in the park will stay in the park For timely publication, please observe these deadlines: at the CRF huts during the week . If we have February issue by December I more people than the huts can accommodate May issue by March 1 there are hotel rooms and camping available at August issue by June 1 nearby White's City, just outside the park. November issue by September 1 There will not be a food plan for this expedi­ tion , but there are two f ully-stocked kitchens Before submitting material, please see publication available in the huts and so cavers should come guidelines at: www.cave-research.org prepared to cook. NEWSLETTER STAFF: Friday, October 31, 2008 will be the annual Content Editor: William Payne, CRF Board of Directors Meeting. Layout and Photos: Ralph Earlandson, Saturday, November 1, 2008 will be the annual members meeting . Both meetings will Mailing: Bob Hoke likely be held within the city of Carlsbad , 20 ©2008 Cave Research Foundation miles north of the park . CRF Southwest Opera­ tions Manager Barbe Barker will be coordinat­ Cave Research Foundation Board of Directors ing these events and is looking into some very President - Scott House, s nice venues. (Thank you Barbe!) Barbe is at Vice President - Joel Despain, Treasurer - Bob Hoke, t Note: All sketchers who work in the park Secretary - Bernie Szukalski, must be park-approved in advance. If you plan Hamilton Valley Director - Pat Kambesis to participate and are a sketcher please supply George Crothers, Charles Fox, Joyce Hoffmaster, Pat Kambesis with copies of good quality sur­ Pat Seiser, Diana Tomchick vey sketches that you made to forward to the Operations Council park . Pat is at . The park Barbe Barker (Guadalupes), Mick Sutton (Ozarks), requires sketching to scale and detailed cover Pat Helton & Bruce Rogers (Lava Beds), Dave West pages, and a north arrow, scale bar, sequential (Eastern), John Tinsley (Sequoia/Kings Canyon) numbering , date , and the sketcher ' s initials on every page . For information about the CRF contact: Other activities are being planned for the Scott House week , so set aside the dates now! For more in­ 1606 Luce St. formation and to sign-up please contact Joel De­ Cape Girardeau, MO 63701-5208 spain at or 559 565-3717 . phone 573-651-3782 Donations to CRF should be sent to: Cover Photo Bob Hoke. CRF Treasurer J a nice Tucker, Rebecca Crow and Deb Runyon 6J04 Kaybro St. of the CRF restoration team tackle the massive Laure l. MD 20707-2621 Rock of Ages formation in the Big Room of Carlsbad Cavern . Photo by Will Hughes . 3 From the President By: Scott House It.took a while to recover from the fun and Spike, Kyle, and I mapped a new Riverways friendship of the CRF 50 th anniversary meeting. cave (Poker Cave) while Mick, Sue, Gary , and Thanks go to all those who attended and made Jim searched in vain for a reported cave . Dan the thing a week to remember. and the rest of the group mapped the accessible Everybody should keep in mind the CRF Na­ portions of yet another new cave. It was a fine tional Expedition to the Carlsbad region during weekend to be out and about with really good the last week of October . More details will be people. coming so watch the website for latest updates . Jim Cooley and another caver from Kansas At the end of that week will be the CRF Annual City could return and do field work the next Meeting, hosted by Barbe Barker and our good weekend so wife Patti and I headed back out to folks from the southwest. the park again. We spent Friday hiking around So far this year has been extraordinarily the Tunnel Bluff area again so I could work on a busy. Fortunately I cleared other obligations sketch of surface features. The KCAG guys and set my sights on getting some good cave spent two days hiking around and monitoring work done during January. With your indul­ caves while Patti and I spent Saturday morning gence I will digress a bit into the fun of being resketching a rhyolite cave (honest, it has a active in the cave world . roof) before head ing out. The first weekend 0 f Jan u ary saw a gro up 0 f Prudence dictated that I spend a weekend at us descend on the Ozark Riverways ' Powder home but Tony Schmitt wanted to do something Mill Research Center for some survey work . the next weekend so prudence was shelved. Spike Crews, Kyle Rybacki , Dan Lamping, Ko­ Tony is a perpetually pleasant person who goes rey Hart , Dan Lamping, Tony Schmitt, and Kris­ at it with enthusiasm so a two man crew with ten Schulte all went to Cave S, which is a large, Tony being 60% of it is fun . We went out in going stream cave. They did good work there, very frigid temperatures to try to finish up yet surveying a bunch but bringing back more leads another R iverways ca ve. We did good work and than they started with. Charley Young and Max surveyed some muddy stuff but circumstances White from Springfield showed up and spent the and hibernating bats kept us from completing all day taking some nice photographs of the same our leads . The mud froze on our clothes as we cave . Meanwhile Mick Sutton, Sue Hagan, Jim hiked back to the vehicle . The old furnace ran Cooley, Gary Johnson and I went to a mess of all night keeping the research center warm that caves along the lower Current River in Tunnel night. Next day was too brutal and our gear too Bluff Natural Area. Too difficult to easily de­ mud-covered to contemplate in-cave work so we scribe, we had a good day of surveying both un­ fiddled with databases and cave locations for derground and above ground while also finding hours. a new cave and doing some bio inventory. This The next weekend was the Missouri Spe­ was a great crew and a lot of fun. The next day, leological Survey meeting. Most of us spent Tony Schmitt and Kristen Schulte in Cave S. Tunnel BIz~[r Shelter cave. Photo by .J. Cooley. Ph oto by Korey Hart. 4 Saturday indoors while some went surveying. of fun, with good people . Jerry and I have caved The next day (Sunday) Mick and Sue took Kyle together since the early 1970 's; one of the great to another cave while Andy Free, Spike, old things is caving with folks you have known for friend Jerry Wagner, and another warm body a long time and another is caving with friends (Ensign Fodder we named him in honor of the you didn't even know five years ago. This is nameless crew members who turned up dead in how generations mix in caving. We had a lot of Star Trek episodes) went to Outlaw Cave on Na­ fun and hope the ensign comes back! tional Forest lands for survey and inventory. I worked with Spike on cave files on the fol­ The cave was located and surveyed with an out­ Io wing day, co rrect ing e rro rs in the ca ve fi Ie s, stand ing crew. We then hiked to another nearby and also worked with Mark Twain National For­ cave which we began a new survey of (an older est folks getting a revised dataset into GIS . survey never resulted in a map). This was lots Then I headed to Jefferson City where the next day I w 0 r ked a II day wit h Bill E II i 0 tt r e fi n i n g even more cave locations . That was time well spent, and we worked hard while trying to ig­ nore the weather outside as the temps dropped from 70 to 20 . Thereafter I headed on to the Missouri Natural Resources Conference, an an­ nual conservation agencies event, where I met up with Mick Sutton, Bill Eddleman, Tom Aley, Gene Gardner, and lots of other agencies friends for a few days of papers, socials, and network­ ing ; this is the kind of thing that builds our reputation as an organization that gets things done .
Recommended publications
  • Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints
    Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints Caving—also called “spelunking” (speh-LUNK-ing) is an exciting, hands-on way to learn about speleology (spee-lee-AH- luh-gee), the study of caves, in addition to paleontology (pay-lee-en-TAH-luh-gee), the study of life from past geologic periods by examining plant and animal fossils. As a sport, caving is similar to rock climbing, and often involves using ropes to crawl and climb through cavern nooks and crannies. These checkpoints do not apply to groups taking trips to tourist or commercial caves, which often include safety features such as paths, electric lights, and stairways. Girl Scout Daisies and Brownies do not participate in caving. Know where to go caving. Connect with your Girl Scout council for site suggestions. Also, the National Speleological Society provides an online search tool for U.S. caving clubs, and the National Park Service provides information about National Park caves. Include girls with disabilities. Communicate with girls with disabilities and/or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations. Learn more about the resources and information that the National Center on Accessibility and the National Center of Physical Activities and Disabilities provide to people with disabilities. Caving Gear Basic Gear Sturdy boots with ankle protection (hiking boots for dry areas; rubber boots or wellies for wet caves) Warm, rubber gloves (to keep hands warm and protect against cuts and abrasions) Nonperishable, high-energy foods such as fruits and nuts Water Specialized Gear
    [Show full text]
  • Living with Karst Booklet and Poster
    Publishing Partners AGI gratefully acknowledges the following organizations’ support for the Living with Karst booklet and poster. To order, contact AGI at www.agiweb.org or (703) 379-2480. National Speleological Society (with support from the National Speleological Foundation and the Richmond Area Speleological Society) American Cave Conservation Association (with support from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation and a Section 319(h) Nonpoint Source Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Kentucky Division of Water) Illinois Basin Consortium (Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky State Geological Surveys) National Park Service U.S. Bureau of Land Management USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey AGI Environmental Awareness Series, 4 A Fragile Foundation George Veni Harvey DuChene With a Foreword by Nicholas C. Crawford Philip E. LaMoreaux Christopher G. Groves George N. Huppert Ernst H. Kastning Rick Olson Betty J. Wheeler American Geological Institute in cooperation with National Speleological Society and American Cave Conservation Association, Illinois Basin Consortium National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey ABOUT THE AUTHORS George Veni is a hydrogeologist and the owner of George Veni and Associates in San Antonio, TX. He has studied karst internationally for 25 years, serves as an adjunct professor at The University of Ernst H. Kastning is a professor of geology at Texas and Western Kentucky University, and chairs Radford University in Radford, VA. As a hydrogeolo- the Texas Speleological Survey and the National gist and geomorphologist, he has been actively Speleological Society’s Section of Cave Geology studying karst processes and cavern development for and Geography over 30 years in geographically diverse settings with an emphasis on structural control of groundwater Harvey R.
    [Show full text]
  • Lee Harrison White Book, in a Cave Named Savor It Well in a Memorial Service Celebrating Lee’S Life Will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL
    Among his most recent achievements The expedition leader of PESH, Bill was setting a rope at the top of the 120-foot Steele, recalls, “In late April of 2019 Lee Dome Pit, in Natural Bridge Cavern near San White led another small team to go 600 Antonio, TX, the state’s largest and most meters deep in the La Grieta section of Steve Davis spectacular show cavern. The rope allowed Sistema Huautla to look for a lead Lee had explorers to reach a tantalizing passage- a hunch they would find. And they did. It way that was once considered inaccessible was a major trunk passage they named after because of its height, giving the first access Lee: Blowhard Boulevard. They ended their in 60 years to a new part of the cave. Lee exploration at the bottom of a waterfall to climbed the wall, setting bolts and ropes, in be climbed next year. Once it is climbed an hour and a half. and mapped, we plan to name it Lee White Lee successfully ascended dozens of Falls.” previously unclimbed domes in TAG. He Lee is survived by his father, Marco made the first ascent of the second tallest White, his mother, Rebecca Watson White, dome, 267 feet, which he named the Very and his brother, Graham White, and a loving Hungry Caterpillar Dome after his favorite family of aunts, uncles, cousins, and cavers. Lee Harrison White book, in a cave named Savor It Well in A memorial service celebrating Lee’s life will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing the Challenges and Future of Cave Mining
    news Caving Addressing the challenges and future of cave mining No. 56 SRK Consulting’s International Newsletter Infrastructure development at Oyu Tolgoi There are over 50 global cave mining projects in various stages of studies and development. Despite the fact that the cave mining method orebody below their economic depth, and further is more than 100 years old, it is only within the exploitation of often large low-grade resources at past 20 years that this method has spread from depth would not support a more expensive mining initial cave mining centres to six continents. method. In recent years, besides the economics There are currently approximately 17 cave mining of high strip ratio, the environmental concern also operations in 11 countries. plays an important role when comparing open pit mass mining and caving. Cave mines can have a The interest in cave mining is being fuelled significantly smaller footprint than a comparable by the depletion of near surface orebodies open pit, since waste mined is only limited to suitable for open pit operations, relatively high underground infrastructure development. production rates and low operating cost. Also, a number of open pits have a continuation of the …continued LEFT EDGE OF SIDEBAR BLOCK Addressing the challenges and future of cave mining (continued) JAREK JAKUBEC Shaft headgear at the Resolution Copper project, Arizona, USA Jarek has over 35 years of worldwide Cave mining principles and economics needs to be at least 100 m thick for cave mining to be economical. In the past, operating and Traditionally, cave mining was a method typical caving heights were 150-250 m.
    [Show full text]
  • Packing List – Son Doong Expedition
    Packing list – Son Doong Expedition Xin chào Son Doong adventurer! Please pack your reusable plastic bag as advised by your tour guide and bring it with you to the safety briefing. If you have any questions, you may ask your hotel receptionist. Plastic bags should be filled about no more than halfway, and please set your tripods aside separately. Any important medications or personal items which should stay with you during the trek should be packed in your backpack, not the plastic bag. Also, don't include your first day's trekking clothes in the plastic bag as you'll need to wear those in the morning. Happy packing! We will provide you with the following: Use of 3 x 43,000 lumen LED filming lights Camping gear: tent, sleeping mat, pillow and sleeping bag Caving & safety gear: caving helmet, caving headlight, harness and gloves Meals: breakfast (day 1, 2, 3, 4, departure day), lunch (day 1, 2, 3, 4), dinners (briefing day, day 1, 2, 3, 4) 1.5 L bottled water at the top of the trailhead/trekking point Water filters (application by guide and porters) Basic camping facilities with eco-friendly compost toilet using western toilet seat First Aid Kit, Rescue Equipment & Satellite Phone (application by safety advisor and tour guides only) 1 Safety advisor (member of the British Cave Research Association) 1 Professional English-speaking tour guide, 5 safety assistants and 2 chefs Porter team to carry all gear and prepare all meals Accommodations (single or twin-shared) at local hotels before the tour and in Chay Lap Farmstay & Resort after the tour Round-trip transfer Dong Hoi – Phong Nha before and after the tour Please also bring with you the following: 2 - 3 quick dry, full length pants and 4 - 5 (easy to dry) shirts (at least one long-sleeved shirt) to wear during the trek; thick athletic leggings/running tights/yoga pants are acceptable if they are full-length and not see-through.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Responsible Caving Published by the National Speleological Society a Guide to Responsible Caving
    A Guide to Responsible Caving Published by The National Speleological Society A Guide to Responsible Caving National Speleological Society 2813 Cave Avenue Huntsville, AL 35810 256-852-1300 [email protected] www.caves.org Fourth Edition, 2009 Text: Cheryl Jones Design: Mike Dale/Switchback Design Printing: Raines This publication was made possible through a generous donation by Inner Mountain Outfitters. Copies of this Guide may be obtained through the National Speleological Society Web site. www.caves.org © Copyright 2009, National Speleological Society FOREWORD We explore caves for many reasons, but mainly for sport or scientific study. The sport caver has been known as a spelunker, but most cave explorers prefer to be called cavers. Speleology is the scientific study of the cave environment. One who studies caves and their environments is referred to as a speleologist. This publication deals primarily with caves and the sport of caving. Cave exploring is becoming increasingly popular in all areas of the world. The increase in visits into the underground world is having a detrimental effect on caves and relations with cave owners. There are many proper and safe caving methods. Included here is only an introduction to caves and caving, but one that will help you become a safe and responsible caver. Our common interests in caving, cave preservation and cave conservation are the primary reasons for the National Speleological Society. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced caver, we hope the guidelines in this booklet will be a useful tool for remembering the basics which are so essential to help preserve the cave environment, to strengthen cave owner relations with the caving community, and to make your visit to caves a safe and enjoyable one.
    [Show full text]
  • Cave Diving in Southeastern Pennsylvania
    The Underground Movement Volume 13, Number 11 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA November 2013 CAVE DIVING IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA An Historical, Cultural, and Speleological Perspective of Bucks County — Danny A. Brass — Large portions of central and southern Pennsylvania are ipants than dry caving, cave diving still remains a global underlain by carbonate bedrock (primarily limestone and activity. Worldwide, a variety of cave-diving organiza- dolomite, but with smaller amounts of marble as well). tions can be found in areas rich in underwater caves. Ma- Over the course of geologic time, much of this bedrock jor cave-diving sites include the cenotes and tidal blue- has been exposed by gradual erosion of the overburden. holes of the Bahamas and Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, In combination with the abrasive activity of water-borne the vast underground rivers of Australia’s Nullarbor Plain sediments, the relentless action of weak acids (i.e., chemi- and the sinkholes of its unique Mt. Gambier region, the cal dissolution by acidic groundwater) on soluble car- sumps of Great Britain, and the rich concentration of bonate deposits, especially limestone, is a self- springs in Florida. Diving conditions vary greatly from accelerating process that has led to the development of one region to another. This is reflected in the many differ- broad areas of karst topography. A variety of surface and ences in training procedures, required equipment, under- subsurface geological features are characteristically asso- water protocols, and even diving philosophies, all of ciated with karstification; the presence of large numbers which have evolved in association with local diving con- of solution caves and sinkholes is common.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Pit Or Block Caving? a Numerical Ranking Method for Selection
    The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2014 SOMP Annual Meeting F. Rashidi-Nejad, F. T. Suorineni, and B. Asi Open pit or block caving? A numerical ranking method for selection F. Rashidi-Nejad*, F. T. Suorineni*, and B. Asi† *School of Mining Engineering, UNSW Australia †BBA Consulting Engineers, Canada Mining in the 21st century is facing many challenges, among which are low-grade and high- tonnage orebodies. One great (r)evolution in mining occurred in the early 20th century when Daniel Jackling proposed the concept of economies of scale for large-scale (bulk) mining at Bingham Canyon. At that time, there were many shallow deposits around the world suitable for open pit mining. Hence, this method grew rapidly and the majority of iron, copper, and gold production came from open pit mines. Open pit mining method has many advantages such as increased safety, higher production rates, more flexibility, lower cost, less operational risk, etc., so normally it considered as preferred option; but break-even depth, high stripping ratios, and environmental issues have become significant challenges facing this method in 21st century. In underground mining, block caving is the only method with the costs comparable to surface mining methods, especially open pit mining. A switch from open pit mining to block caving mining could be another great development in this century. However, even though an increasing number of mines are being developed using block caving, this method involves many technological and environmental challenges. The depth of the orebody is one of the most important factors governing selection of the mining method.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thematic Content Analysis of the Narratives of Cave Explorers
    Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 6 Published online: 9-27-2017 Coping With the Subterranean Environment: A Thematic Content Analysis of the Narratives of Cave Explorers Raymond R. MacNeil Queen’s University, [email protected] Jelena Brcic University of the Fraser Valley, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jhpee Part of the Health Psychology Commons, Personality and Social Contexts Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation MacNeil, Raymond R. and Brcic, Jelena (2017) "Coping With the Subterranean Environment: A Thematic Content Analysis of the Narratives of Cave Explorers," Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments: Vol. 13 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. DOI: 10.7771/2327-2937.1089 Available at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jhpee/vol13/iss1/6 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. This is an Open Access journal. This means that it uses a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. Readers may freely read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles. This journal is covered under the CC BY-NC-ND license. Coping With the Subterranean Environment: A Thematic Content Analysis of the Narratives of Cave Explorers Cover Page Footnote The authors wish to thank Dr. Peter Suedfeld and Dr. Dan Dolderman for early comments. We also want to thank Syd Burdett, Henry Che, Maryam Khan, and Mia Lepshokova for their assistance with scoring the qualitative data.
    [Show full text]
  • Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Dark
    World Heritage 43 COM Patrimoine mondial Paris, 23 November 2018 Original: English / français UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDUCATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE CONVENTION CONCERNANT LA PROTECTION DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL, CULTUREL ET NATUREL WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE / COMITE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Forty-third session / Quarante-troisième session Baku, Azerbaijan / Bakou, Azerbaidjan 30 June - 10 July 2019 / 30 juin - 10 juillet 2019 Item 7 of the Provisional Agenda: State of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List and/or on the List of World Heritage in Danger Point 7 de l’Ordre du jour provisoire: Etat de conservation de biens inscrits sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial et/ou sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial en péril MISSION REPORT / RAPPORT DE MISSION Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (Viet Nam) (951bis) Parc national de Phong Nha-Ke Bang (Viet Nam) (951 bis) 11-20 July 2018 Report on the Joint WHC/IUCN Reactive Monitoring Mission to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (11-20 July 2018) REPORT ON THE JOINT WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE/IUCN REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO PHONG NHA-KE BANG NATIONAL PARK (VIET NAM) FROM 11 TO 20 JULY 2018 Photo © IUCN / Remco van Merm July 2018 2 Report on the Joint WHC/IUCN Reactive Monitoring Mission to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (11-20 July 2018) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, OVERALL APPRAISAL AND LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ................6 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION ............................................................................................ 14 1.1 Inscription History ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 32 Well Design and Spring Development Chapter 32 Well Design and Spring Development Part 631 National Engineering Handbook
    United States Department of Part 631 Agriculture National Engineering Handbook Natural Resources Conservation Service Chapter 32 Well Design and Spring Development Chapter 32 Well Design and Spring Development Part 631 National Engineering Handbook Issued January 2010 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all pro- grams.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for commu- nication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. (210–VI–NEH, Amend. 34, January 2010) Preface The NRCS National Engineering Handbook (NEH), Part 631.32, Well Design and Spring Development, is derived from the following publications: • NEH Section 18, Ground Water, released by SCS, April 1968 • NEH, Part 631, Chapter 33, Investigations for Ground Water Re- sources Development, released by the NRCS, November
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Responsible Caving
    Published by the National Speleological Society Photo by Ryan Maurer 1 A Guide to Responsible Caving National Speleological Society 6001 Pulaski Pike Huntsville, AL 35810-1122 256-852-1300 • [email protected] www.caves.org Fifth Edition, 2016 Text: Cheryl Jones Design: Mike Dale/Switchback Design Photos: Selected from those accepted for show in the 2015 NSS Photo Salon Printing: Terry Raines Copies of this Guide may be obtained through the National Speleological Society website. www.caves.org © Copyright 2016, National Speleological Society FOREWORD aving can be a rewarding, safe, and fun activity when you are properly trained, equipped, and Cprepared. But there is more to being a “real” caver than having the correct skills and gear: you also must be a responsible caver. This means you show respect for the cave, and its challenges, environment, and creatures, as well as for cave owners and their property. This is critical to preserving the cave wilderness and keeping caves open to cavers for years to come. In this booklet, the National Speleological Society (NSS) provides an introduction to becoming a responsible caver. We hope these guidelines will help make your ventures underground safe and enjoyable, and pave the way for you to become a respected member of the caving community. I encourage you to join a local chapter of the NSS to develop your skills and knowledge with experienced cavers and speleologists, and become a part of the caving community. This is the fifth edition of my original booklet, A Guide to Responsible Caving. A special thank-you to my fellow cavers for their hard work and dedication: Cheryl Jones for revising and editing this publication and Michael Dale for the design and layout.
    [Show full text]