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Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints
Caving: Safety Activity Checkpoints Caving—also called “spelunking” (speh-LUNK-ing) is an exciting, hands-on way to learn about speleology (spee-lee-AH- luh-gee), the study of caves, in addition to paleontology (pay-lee-en-TAH-luh-gee), the study of life from past geologic periods by examining plant and animal fossils. As a sport, caving is similar to rock climbing, and often involves using ropes to crawl and climb through cavern nooks and crannies. These checkpoints do not apply to groups taking trips to tourist or commercial caves, which often include safety features such as paths, electric lights, and stairways. Girl Scout Daisies and Brownies do not participate in caving. Know where to go caving. Connect with your Girl Scout council for site suggestions. Also, the National Speleological Society provides an online search tool for U.S. caving clubs, and the National Park Service provides information about National Park caves. Include girls with disabilities. Communicate with girls with disabilities and/or their caregivers to assess any needs and accommodations. Learn more about the resources and information that the National Center on Accessibility and the National Center of Physical Activities and Disabilities provide to people with disabilities. Caving Gear Basic Gear Sturdy boots with ankle protection (hiking boots for dry areas; rubber boots or wellies for wet caves) Warm, rubber gloves (to keep hands warm and protect against cuts and abrasions) Nonperishable, high-energy foods such as fruits and nuts Water Specialized Gear -
Cave Research Foundation
CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER FEBRUARY 2 005 VOLUME 33, NO. 1 SPOTLIGHT ON MAMMOTH CAVE See Mammoth Cave Expedition Reports, pages 6-11 2 CRF NEWSLETTER Annual Report Submission Guidelines for 2004 Volume 33, No.I The Cave Research Foundation solicits reports established 1973 from CRF operations areas, research expeditions, pro Send all articles and reports for submission to: jects, and sponsored scientific and historical research William Payne, Editor projects for the 2004 Annual Report. The deadline for 5213 Brazos Midland, TX 79707-3161 submissions is March 1, 2005. Maps, photos, line drawings, charts, tables and The CRF Newsletter is a quarterly publication of the other images are an important part of the report and Cave Research Foundation, a non-profit organization should be chosen and prepared with the goal of com incorporated in 1957 under the laws of Kentucky for the municating significant achievements and discoveries purpose of furthering research, conservation, and during 2004. education about caves and karst. A new feature for the 2004 Annual Report will be Newsletter Submissions & Deadlines: the limited inclusion of color photos. High quality, Original articles and photographs are welcome. If intending to jointly submit material to another publication, please in high-resolution photos will be needed for the front and form the CRF editor. Publication cannot be guaranteed, espe back covers. If enough high-quality submissions are cially if submitted elsewhere. All material is subject to revi received and the printing budget warrants it, there may sion unless the author specifically requests otherwise. For be a color plate insert in the report. -
Introduction to Virginia's Karst
Introduction to Virginia’s Karst A presentation of The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation’s Karst Program & Project Underground Karst - A landscape developed in limestone, dolomite, marble, or other soluble rocks and characterized by subsurface drainage systems, sinking or losing streams, sinkholes, springs, and caves. Cross-section diagram by David Culver, American University. Karst topography covers much of the Valley and Ridge Province in the western third of the state. Aerial photo of karst landscape in Russell County. Smaller karst areas also occur in the Cumberland Plateau, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain provinces. At least 29 counties support karst terrane in western Virginia. In western Virginia, karst occurs along slopes and in valleys between mountain ridges. There are few surface streams in these limestone valleys as runoff from mountain slopes disappears into the subsurface upon contact with the karst bedrock. Water flows underground, emerging at springs on the valley floor. Thin soils over fractured, cavernous limestone allow precipitation to enter the subsurface directly and rapidly, with a minimal amount of natural filtration. The purer the limestone, the less soil develops on the bedrock, leaving bare pinnacles exposed at the ground surface. Rock pinnacles may also occur where land use practices result in massive soil loss. Precipitation mixing with carbon dioxide becomes acidic as it passes through soil. Through geologic time slightly acidic water dissolves and enlarges the bedrock fractures, forming caves and other voids in the bedrock. Water follows the path of least resistance, so it moves through voids in rock layers, fractures, and boundaries between soluble and insoluble bedrock. -
Living with Karst Booklet and Poster
Publishing Partners AGI gratefully acknowledges the following organizations’ support for the Living with Karst booklet and poster. To order, contact AGI at www.agiweb.org or (703) 379-2480. National Speleological Society (with support from the National Speleological Foundation and the Richmond Area Speleological Society) American Cave Conservation Association (with support from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation and a Section 319(h) Nonpoint Source Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Kentucky Division of Water) Illinois Basin Consortium (Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky State Geological Surveys) National Park Service U.S. Bureau of Land Management USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey AGI Environmental Awareness Series, 4 A Fragile Foundation George Veni Harvey DuChene With a Foreword by Nicholas C. Crawford Philip E. LaMoreaux Christopher G. Groves George N. Huppert Ernst H. Kastning Rick Olson Betty J. Wheeler American Geological Institute in cooperation with National Speleological Society and American Cave Conservation Association, Illinois Basin Consortium National Park Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, USDA Forest Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey ABOUT THE AUTHORS George Veni is a hydrogeologist and the owner of George Veni and Associates in San Antonio, TX. He has studied karst internationally for 25 years, serves as an adjunct professor at The University of Ernst H. Kastning is a professor of geology at Texas and Western Kentucky University, and chairs Radford University in Radford, VA. As a hydrogeolo- the Texas Speleological Survey and the National gist and geomorphologist, he has been actively Speleological Society’s Section of Cave Geology studying karst processes and cavern development for and Geography over 30 years in geographically diverse settings with an emphasis on structural control of groundwater Harvey R. -
Cave Research Foundation (CRF) Is a 501(C)(3) Organization Founded in Kentucky in 1957 for the Purpose of Facilitating Cave Research
CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION Ozarks Operation Area by Scott House The Cave Research Foundation (CRF) is a 501(c)(3) organization founded in Kentucky in 1957 for the purpose of facilitating cave research. Today it continues its mission with operations across the country and in expeditions around the world. The CRF is administered by officers, a board and an operations council. An operations manager is appointed by the CRF board to coordinate and oversee activities within an operation. Other individuals within the operation may head specific projects or act as functionaries of one sort or another. Following is a brief description of various CRF Ozarks Operation projects. Mark Twain National Forest: CRF works with Mark Twain National Forest (USFS) through a series of cooperative agreements and modifications. These cooperative agreements superseded challenge cost-share agreements and volunteer agreements. Cave Mapping and Biological Inventory: This has been our largest and longest running project. It originated in 1990 with a management concern centered on an application by the Doe Run Company for mineral prospecting within the Eleven Point and Current River watersheds. The aim was to document all caves within the 250 square kilometer mineral lease area by detailed mapping, biological inventory and comprehensive descriptions. More than 120 caves were visited and documented over the 6 year course of the study. Following on from that initial phase, MTNF has continued to provide funding, through one vehicle or another, for an expanded project which is gradually documenting caves throughout the Mark Twain National Forest. Approximately 450 caves have been documented during this ongoing study. -
Bats, White-Nose Syndrome, and Federal Cave and Mine Closures
BATS, WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME, AND FEDERAL CAVE AND MINE CLOSURES A report by the Center for Biological Diversity January 26, 2011 Cover photo: Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) in a New York cave, displaying characteristic fuzz of white-nose syndrome on nose and wings. Credit: Al Hicks, New York Dept. of Environmental Conservation For more information about this report, contact: Mollie Matteson, Conservation Advocate Center for Biological Diversity, Northeast Field Office PO Box 188 Richmond, Vermont 05477 802-434-2388 [email protected] Center for Biological Diversity, Federal Cave Closures 2 Bats, White-nose Syndrome, and Federal Cave and Mine Closures Delay is the deadliest form of denial. ~~C. Northcote Parkinson, British historian, 1909-1993 Executive Summary In the span of just four winters, a deadly new disease called white-nose syndrome (WNS) that devastates bat populations has spread rapidly across the country from east to west. The bat illness was first documented in a cave in upstate New York in 2006, and as of spring 2010, the white- nose pathogen had been reported as far west as western Oklahoma (see Figure 1). In affected bat colonies, mortality rates have reached as high as 100 percent, virtually emptying caves once harboring tens of thousands of bats and leaving cave floors littered with the innumerable small bones of the dead. At least six bat species are known to be susceptible, and the fungus associated with the disease has been found on another three species. Two federally listed endangered bat species are among those affected thus far. Scientists and conservationists are gravely concerned that if current trends continue, one or more bat species could become extinct in the next couple of decades or sooner. -
YGLC Info for Cavers FINAL1~09
www.caves.org Youth Group Caving Legal Issues and General Information for the Experienced Caver Prepared by the Youth Groups Liaison Committee of the National Speleological Society and NSS members Introduction Make a difference Have you ever met an ill-equipped youth group in a cave that exceeded the group's skill level? You may have encountered a cave being vandalized by youths who didn't know any better. Do you think caves would benefit from more professionals in cave management and the cave-related sciences? By working with youth groups who plan to go caving, you can have a positive effect in all of these areas. Not only can you provide a quality caving experience for the youths, but most importantly, you can also instill in them sound principles for safe caving, as well as a good conservation ethic. You can be the one who infuses them with an appreciation for the value of caves and their contents that they will carry with them into adulthood. It is these youths who will be making decisions that will affect caves and cave areas in the future. A very good way to accomplish this is by working through national youth organizations. Girl Scouts USA, Boy Scouts of America, 4-H, church youth groups, youth summer camps, schools, and at-risk youth groups provide the framework that makes educating young people about caves and caving easier and safer for all. Some cavers really enjoy working with youth. Guiding a well-trained and well- behaved youth group through a cave can be a highly rewarding experience. -
Lascaux Cave, France Complex Hunter Gatherers at the End of the Paleolithic Dates: 47/45,000 – 20/18,000 B.P
Lascaux Cave, France Complex Hunter Gatherers at the End of the Paleolithic Dates: 47/45,000 – 20/18,000 b.p. (Epipaleolithic=20/18,000-10,000 bp) Industries include microliths and bone tools—not found in previous periods Raw materials were exchanged over long distances in this period Wide range of materials, other than flint, come into use: bone tools, stone vessels, ochre, shells Some probably for ritual purposes In contrast to early modern humans (and Neanderthals): Size of teeth reduced Size of jaw reduced Muscularity diminishes Less skeletal trauma Increased longevity Cro-Magnon cranium Upper Paleolithic Artwork Cave Art Includes spectacular images of animals and abstract forms and, rarely, humans Mobiliary Art These portable art objects include Venus figurines Body Ornamentation: Pierced shells, pierced animal teeth, and bone beads were most likely work as necklaces or attached to clothing Horse, Cosquer Cave, France Penquin or Auk, Cosquer Cave, France Bear Bison ‘Venus’ figurines Dolni Vestonice Lespugue Willendorf . Appear around 25,000 bp, Europe . Carved in ivory, wood, stone, modeled in clay . Breasts, hips, buttocks, thighs, usually large . Head, arms, hands, legs & feet are only schematic . Some are pregnant, others are not 4.48.jpg Dwellings Huts with bone frameworks Floors with inlaid stone Stone-lined pits for hearths Tailored clothing Long-distance trade Blade technique Long, parallel-sided flakes are struck off the edges of a specially prepared core Blades: long flake, twice as punch long as wide • Sharp parallel edges • Removed from core like peeling carrot (sort of) • Blades provide “blank” or form, which may then be shaped into different tools: . -
Lee Harrison White Book, in a Cave Named Savor It Well in a Memorial Service Celebrating Lee’S Life Will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL
Among his most recent achievements The expedition leader of PESH, Bill was setting a rope at the top of the 120-foot Steele, recalls, “In late April of 2019 Lee Dome Pit, in Natural Bridge Cavern near San White led another small team to go 600 Antonio, TX, the state’s largest and most meters deep in the La Grieta section of Steve Davis spectacular show cavern. The rope allowed Sistema Huautla to look for a lead Lee had explorers to reach a tantalizing passage- a hunch they would find. And they did. It way that was once considered inaccessible was a major trunk passage they named after because of its height, giving the first access Lee: Blowhard Boulevard. They ended their in 60 years to a new part of the cave. Lee exploration at the bottom of a waterfall to climbed the wall, setting bolts and ropes, in be climbed next year. Once it is climbed an hour and a half. and mapped, we plan to name it Lee White Lee successfully ascended dozens of Falls.” previously unclimbed domes in TAG. He Lee is survived by his father, Marco made the first ascent of the second tallest White, his mother, Rebecca Watson White, dome, 267 feet, which he named the Very and his brother, Graham White, and a loving Hungry Caterpillar Dome after his favorite family of aunts, uncles, cousins, and cavers. Lee Harrison White book, in a cave named Savor It Well in A memorial service celebrating Lee’s life will April 17, 1988 – September 15, 2019 Madison County, AL. -
Cave Research Foundation
CAVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER MAY 2008 VOLUME 36, NO. 2 SCALING THE ROCK OF AGES See Carlsbad Cavern Restoration, page 6 2 CRF NEWSLETTER CRF National Expedition and Meeting Volume 36, No.2 October 25 - November 2, 2008 established 1973 Join the CRF officers and local cavers for a Send all articles and reports for submission to: great week of caving, meetings, and activities in William Payne, Editor Carlsbad New Mexico this fall. 11203 N . Auden Circle, Missouri City, TX 77459 The next CRF National Expedition will be a five-day intensive re-survey of Slaughter Can The CRF Newsletter is a quarterly publication of the Cave yon Cave inside Carlsbad Caverns National Research Foundation, a non-profit organization incorpo Park. Up to 18 cavers may jo in in the effort to rated in 1957 under the laws of Kentucky for the purpose of map this very beautiful cave that is approxi furthering research, conservation, and education about caves matelya mile long . Pat Kambesis is coordinat and karst. ing the survey project (Thank You Pat!), which Newsletter Submissions & Deadlines: will run from October 26 through 30. There Original articles and photographs are welcome. If intending may be additional survey work in Carlsbad Cav to jointly submit material to another publication, please in erns itself this-week in the evenings. If we have form the CRF editor. Publication cannot be guaranteed, es high demand, other caving objectives (probably pecially if submitted elsewhere. All material is subject to on BLM land) will be added to the expedition. revision unless the author specifically requests otherwise. -
TITLE PAGE.Wpd
Proceedings of BAT GATE DESIGN: A TECHNICAL INTERACTIVE FORUM Held at Red Lion Hotel Austin, Texas March 4-6, 2002 BAT CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL Edited by: Kimery C. Vories Dianne Throgmorton Proceedings of Bat Gate Design: A Technical Interactive Forum Proceedings of Bat Gate Design: A Technical Interactive Forum held March 4 -6, 2002 at the Red Lion Hotel, Austin, Texas Edited by: Kimery C. Vories Dianne Throgmorton Published by U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining, Alton, Illinois and Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining, Alton, Illinois Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois Copyright 2002 by the Office of Surface Mining. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bat Gate Design: A Technical Interactive Forum (2002: Austin, Texas) Proceedings of Bat Gate Design: Red Lion Hotel, Austin, Texas, March 4-6, 2002/ edited by Kimery C. Vories, Dianne Throgmorton; sponsored by U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining and Fish and Wildlife Service, Bat Conservation International, the National Cave and Karst Management Symposium, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the National Speleological Society, Texas Parks and Wildlife, the Lower Colorado River Authority, the Indiana Karst Conservancy, and Coal Research Center, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-885189-05-2 1. Bat ConservationBUnited States Congresses. 2. Bat Gate Design BUnited States Congresses. 3. Cave Management BUnited State Congresses. 4. Strip miningBEnvironmental aspectsBUnited States Congresses. -
Hang Son Doong,Vietnam by Sarah Collinge
Hang Son Doong,Vietnam By Sarah Collinge Have you ever explored a cave? A cave is an underground chamber in a hillside or clif that has been formed over time by rainwater, ocean waves, lava, or oil-eating bacteria. Places where the earth is made up of large amounts of limestone are known for having many caves. Limestone is made from the remains of shells and skeletons of sea creatures. Tis sedimentary rock is easily dissolved by slightly acidic water. Where limestone dissolves, an underground chamber forms. No one knows how many caves there are on Earth, probably millions. Many natural caves re- main undiscovered. Te largest known cave in the world is Hang Son Doong, located in the country of Vietnam. Tis cave was frst discovered 20 years ago and is more than 2.5 miles long. Its widest chambers are 300 feet wide and over 600 feet high—big enough to easily hold an entire New York City block of skyscrapers. A very large “room” in one section of the cave is equal to the size of the Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. Te name Hang Son Doong means Mountain River Cave. Te cave was originally discovered by a local man who heard a whistling sound made by an underground river. Flowing through the cave is a fast-fowing, subterranean river, the Rao Tuong River. During the fooding season, the river can rise close to 300 feet. References: Groleau, R. (October 1, 2002). How caves form. Retrieved June 23, 2012, from http://www.pbs.org/ wgbh/nova/earth/how-caves-form.html.