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Archäologie Und Politik
1 CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL Römische Außenpolitik Kaiser Trajan, die Dakerkriege und die Donauprovinzen Politica externă romană Împăratul Traian, războaiele dacice și provinciile dunărene Roman Foreign Policy Emperor Trajan, the Dacian Wars and the Danube Provinces 28 CHRISTIAN WITSCHEL Im Zentrum dieses Bandes steht ein În centrul acestui volum se află un At the centre of this volume stands an imposantes Monument, das der römi- monument impunător, înălțat de imposing monument built by the Roman sche Kaiser Trajan (reg. 98–117 n. Chr.) împăratul roman Traian (domnie: emperor Trajan (r. 98–117 CE) to com- zur Erinnerung an seine Siege über 98–117 d. Hr.) pentru a comemora vic- memorate his victories over the Dacian das Volk der Daker errichten ließ: das toriile sale asupra poporului dacilor: people: The Tro paeum Traiani at Adam- Tro paeum Traiani bei Adam klissi [4]. Tro paeum Traiani, de la Adam clisi [4]. clisi [4]. It is located south of the Danube, Es befindet sich südlich der Donau, Acesta este situat la sud de Dunăre, în in the Dobruja landscape in southeast in der Landschaft Dobrudscha ganz peisajul Dobrogei, în sud-estul Româ- Romania. Given the location of the Tro- im Süd osten des heutigen Rumänien. niei de astăzi. Având în vedere locația paeum, one question immediately arises: Angesichts des Standortes des Tro- monumentului, survine nemijlocit între- Why was it not built in the heartland of paeum stellt sich unmittelbar eine barea: de ce nu a fost edificat în inte- the Dacian Empire conquered by Trajan, Frage: Warum wurde dieses nicht im riorul Regatului Dac, cucerit de Traian, i. -
Commagenorum
CASTELUL DE LA CAPUT STENARUM ŞI COHORS I FLAVIA COMMAGENORUM Cristian SCHUSTER* Fortificaţia de la Boiţa/Caput Stenarum Înainte de a părăsi Transilvania, Oltul face un unghi de aproape 90 de grade, pornind apoi spre sud, prin Carpaţii Meridionali, devenind ulterior „graniţa” dintre Oltenia şi Muntenia. Chiar în dreptul respectivului cot, pe malul drept al râului, investigaţiile arheologice au permis descoperirea resturilor unei fortificaţii romane. Acestea, aflate în punctul cunoscut sub denumirea În Rude (fig. 1), se găsesc astăzi pe teritoriul satului Boiţa (oraşul Tălmaciu, judeţul Sibiu)1. Aşa cum se ştie, cei mai mulţi dintre specialişti consideră că în acest sat trebuie localizat ceea ce Tabula Peutingeriana indică a fi Caput Stenarum2. Prezenţa urmelor romane a fost semnalată încă de la sfârşitul veacului al XIX-lea - începutul celui următor3. Primele cercetări arheologice s-au derulat în 19574, fiind continuate în 19585, 19736, 19797 şi, în cadrul practicii arheologice a studenţilor de la Facultatea de Filologie-Istorie din Sibiu, în vara anului 19818. Fortificaţiei, prin dimensiunile sale reduse – „de 46 x 47 m, fiind, deci, aproape pătrată”9, i se potriveşte mai degrabă termenul de castellum decât cel de castrum. Cu privire la momentul ridicării fortificaţiei din piatră, dar şi a „termelor cu palestrele, tabulariului vămii şi construcţiile cu caracter gospodăresc” s-a emis ipoteza că ele au fost realizate „după anii 167-169 e.n., când s-a operat reorganizarea administrativă şi militară de către Marcus Aurelius”10. Spre această concluzie * Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan” - Centrul de Tracologie, Bucureşti; e-mail: [email protected]. 1 Ghinea 1998. Despre denumirea În Rude a punctului, vezi: Albescu 1938, p. -
The Bronze Age Fortifications in Munar “Wolfsberg”, Arad County
ANALECTA ARCHAEOLOGICA RESSOVIENSIA VOLUME 12 RZESZÓW 2017 DOI: 10.15584/anarres.2017.12.6 Victor Sava*, Florin Gogâltan** The Bronze Age Fortifications in Munar “Wolfsberg”, Arad County. The 2014 and 2017 Archaeological Researches ABSTRACT Sava V., Gogâltan F. 2017. The Bronze Age Fortifications in Munar “Wolfsberg”, Arad County. The 2014 and 2017 Archaeological Researches. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 12, 75–100 In spite that the Bronze Age site Munar “Wolfsberg” has been depicted on the Josephine topographic survey (late 18th century), the first scientific data focusing on this site occurs at the beginning of the 20th century. As “Wolfsberg” did not have the dimensions of the nearby prehistoric fortifications at Sântana and Corneşti, the site was not targeted by archaeological investigations and it has only been occasionally mentioned in the secondary literature so far. During the year 2014 a team of researchers have started the investigations with the site’s topographic survey, followed by a systematic ground survey, geophysical measurements, as well as aerial photographs. Three years later, a small test trench was excavated in order to attempt dating the Middle Bronze Age tell in terms of the absolute chronology. Key words: Lower Mureş Basin, Munar, Bronze Age, tell, fortifications Received: 11.09.2017; Revised: 28.11.2017; Accepted: 02.12.2017 Introduction Until recently, the lack of systematic excavations on prehistoric objectives in the Lower Mureş Basin has distorted historical knowledge. In spite that towards the end of the 19th century there were several attempts to study important sites such as Pecica “Şanţul Mare” (Dömötör 1901; Dömötör 1902; Roska 1912) and Periam “Movila Şanului” (Roska 1911; Roska 1913; Roska 1914; Roska 1923), investigation of prehistoric eras was not a research goal in itself. -
NOMADS and NATIVES BEYOND the DANUBE and the BLACK SEA: 700–900 CE Ii
300 i NOMADS AND NATIVES BEYOND THE DANUBE AND THE BLACK SEA: 700–900 CE ii BEYOND MEDIEVAL EUROPE Beyond Medieval Europe publishes monographs and edited volumes that evoke medieval Europe’s geographic, cultural, and religious diversity, while highlighting the interconnectivity of the entire region, understood in the broadest sense—from Dublin to Constantinople, Novgorod to Toledo. The indi- viduals who inhabited this expansive territory built cities, cultures, kingdoms, and religions that impacted their locality and the world around them in mani- fold ways. The series is particularly keen to include studies on traditionally underrepresented subjects in Anglophone scholarship (such as medieval eastern Europe) and to consider submissions from scholars not natively writing in English in an effort to increase the diversity of Anglophone publishing on the greater medieval European world. Series Editor Christian Raffensperger, Wittenberg University, Ohio Editorial Board Kurt Villads Jensen, Stockholms Universitet Balázs Nagy, Central European University, Budapest Leonora Neville, University of Wisconsin, Madison iii NOMADS AND NATIVES BEYOND THE DANUBE AND THE BLACK SEA: 700–900 CE ̆ SERGIU MUSTEA Ţ A iv British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. © 2018, Arc Humanities Press, Leeds Permission to use brief excerpts from this work in scholarly and educational works is hereby granted pro- vided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is an exception or limitation covered by Article 5 of the European Union’s Copyright Directive (2001/ 29/ EC) or would be determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. -
Result of the Historic Evolution and Contemporary Urban Planning Tool
ROMANIAN REVIEW OF REGIONAL STUDIES, Volume XII, Number 1, 2016 BUILT HERITAGE IN THE LAND OF HAȚEG – RESULT OF THE HISTORIC EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY URBAN PLANNING TOOL GHEORGHE-GAVRILĂ HOGNOGI1, ANA-MARIA POP2 ABSTRACT – The Regional Geography papers, especially those dedicated to the “land”-type studies sequentially mention certain historical aspects, because historical evolution is treated largely as having a supportive role, far from becoming a component of interaction. This research aims to address the historical evolution of the Land of Hațeg in the light of the specific territorial elements and to provide evidence for using the built heritage as a tool for decision-makers. Methodologically, the research has implied the completion of three stages, each with its specific work methods (direct observation, mapping, chorematic analysis). The findings highlight the applicative and utilitarian character of historical studies in the land use planning documents. Keywords: Land of Hațeg, historical monument, land use planning, chorem INTRODUCTION Over the last decades, the emphasis is increasingly being placed on interdisciplinarity, regardless of the type of study addressed. This is also the case of the Regional Geography papers, where the interrelations between various territorial components argue its functionality (Cocean, 2011). In addition, although historical studies have been regulated since the 1990’s as components of the urban planning documents, they are currently not mandatory. For this reason, they are often not included. They were left at the discretion of beneficiaries who considered they did not have much impact due to the fact that many of them contained only a brief history not related to other elements of a planning document. -
165 Years of Roman Rule on the Left Bank of the Danube. at The
92 Chapter III PROVINCIA DACIA AUGUSTI: 165 years of Roman rule on the left bank of the Danube. At the beginning of the 2nd century, in the Spring of 101AD, Roman Forces marched against the Kingdom of Decebal. We already know what the Roman's rationale was for starting this war and we also know that the real reason was likely to have been the personal ambition of the first Provincial Emperor, Trajan (he was born in Hispania a man of Macedonian background among Greeks). The Roman armies marched against a client-state of Rome, which was a subordinate ally of Rome. Decebal did not want to wage war against Rome and his recurring peace offers confirm this. It is unlikely that Trajan would only have decided on the total conquest of the Dacian Kingdom after he waged his first campaign in 101-102. After this, Roman garrisons were established in the Province - their ongoing presence is reflected by the Latin names of towns (as recorded by Ptolemy). At Dobreta they begin to build the stone bridge which will span the Danube. It was built in accordance with plans made by Apollodorus of Damascus to promote continuous traffic - it was an accomplishment unmatched - even by Rome. This vast project portends that Trajan began the expedition against Dacia in 101 with the intention of incorporating the Kingdom into the Roman Empire. The Emperor, who founded a city (Nicopolis) to commemorate his victory over Dacia, has embarked on this campaign not only for reasons of personal ambition. The 93 economic situation of the Empire was dismal at the beginning of Trajan's reign; by the end of the second Dacian War it has vastly improved. -
Christian Church8
www.ssoar.info From periphery to centre: the image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Şipoş, Sorin (Ed.); Moisa, Gabriel (Ed.); Cepraga, Dan Octavian (Ed.); Brie, Mircea (Ed.); Mateoc, Teodor (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Konferenzband / collection Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Şipoş, S., Moisa, G., Cepraga, D. O., Brie, M., & Mateoc, T. (Eds.). (2014). From periphery to centre: the image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe. Cluj-Napoca: Ed. Acad. Română. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-400284 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Edited by: Sorin §ipo§, Gabriel Moisa, Dan Octavian Cepraga, Mircea Brie, Teodor Mateoc From Periphery to Centre. The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Editorial committee: Delia-Maria Radu Roxana Iva^ca Alexandra Bere IonuJ Ciorba Romanian Academy Center for Transylvanian Studies Cluj-Napoca 2014 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nationale a României From periphery to centre : the image of Europe at the Eastern border of Europe/ Sorin Çipoç, Gabriel Moisa, Dan Octavian Cepraga, Mircea Brie (ed.). - Cluj-Napoca : Editura Academia Românâ. Centrul de Studii Transilvane, 2014 ISBN 978-973-7784-97-1 I. Çipoç, Sorin (ed.) II. Moisa, Gabriel (ed.) III. Cepraga, Dan Octavian (ed.) IV. Brie, Mircea (ed.) 930 Volume published with the support of Bihor County Council The volume gathers the papers presented at the international symposium From Periphery to Centre. -
The Lower Danube in Pages of History and Literature
2nd International Conference - Water resources and wetlands. 11-13 September, 2014 Tulcea (Romania); Available online at http://www.limnology.ro/water2014/proceedings.html Editors: Petre Gâştescu ; Włodzimierz Marszelewski ; Petre Bretcan; ISSN: 2285-7923; Pages: 577-583; Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license ; THE LOWER DANUBE IN PAGES OF HISTORY AND LITERATURE Elena Teodoreanu Ecological University of Bucharest, Bd. Lascar Catargiu nr. 24-26, sc.A. ap. 16, Bucuresti, Romania, Email [email protected] Abstract The paper examines some information on the Danube River in their lower part, from ancient historians, from Romanian chroniclers and Turkish chroniclers who accompanied the troops when attacking Romanian countries. Also we have the data reported by foreign travelers on Romanian territory, of which with the passage of time, are more numerous: Polish, Austrians and Hungarians diplomats, Catholic priests. For example we have interesting data from Syrian traveler Paul of Aleppo or Turkish chronicler Evlia Celebi. The information refers specifically to periods of overflow of the Danube and damaging floods, or droughts when shrinking waters could and river goes on foot. Most data refer to periods when the Danube froze strong, especially in the centuries that constituted the Little Ice Age (approximately Fourteenth century until the mid- nineteenth century) opportunity for the Ottoman armies crossed the Danube on the ice, to plunder the territories of north of the Danube. Finally, it presents some descriptions of Romanian writers who loved Danube swamps, delta, among which Mihail Sadoveanu and George Topârceanu. Keywords: Lower Danube, ancient historians, foreign travelers, Turkish chroniclers, Romanian writers “Wherever you would see it in this country the Danube is (…) like a human being who has seen and suffered much and his face showing all the scars left by his struggles.” George Vâlsan 1. -
THE SUCIDAVA TYPE of BUCKLES and the RELATIONS BETWEEN the LATE ROMAN EMPIRE and the BARBARIANS in the 6Th CENTURY
THE SUCIDAVA TYPE OF BUCKLES AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BARBARIANS IN THE 6th CENTURY , by ALEXANDRU MADGEARU Joachim Wemer gave the name of this type of buckles because several pieces have been found at Celei- Sucidava when he published its paper (in 1955)1 . These buckles have a sheld-shaped plate and are adomed by pierced work with cruciform or crescent motifs or with a human stylized face. Joachim Wemer established their dating in second half of the 6th century. Dezso Csallâny wrote, few years after, a study on these buckles, focused especially on the pieces with human face2 . The number of buckles increased very much during the last three decades. Dan Gh. Teodor 3 and Syna Uenze 4 made two typologies in 1991 and 1992. In 1992 Valentin Varsik also published a study about several types of buckles including Sucidava, but he did not proposed a typology3. In the same year the buckles found in the Lower Danubian area were put together into a repertory by Uwe Fiedler 6. The typologies drawn up by S. Uenze and Dan Gh. Teodor are very important for the study of these objects, but we consider possibie a more accurate classification. We remind here that S. Uenze classified the Sucidava buckles into five types: a) - with a simple cruciform decor; , ■ , b) - a cross with all the arms rounded; • c) - a cross with the down arm rounded; d) - with tangent circles; e) - with a human stylized face. The classification made by D. Gh. Teodor is based on the same criterion of the ornament, but is more coherent: a) - without ornament; • b) - with a simple cross; c) - wiţh a cross and a crescent; . -
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia's Threat to the Roman Empire
The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia’s Threat to the Roman Empire ______________________________________ ALEXANDRU MARTALOGU The Roman Republic and Empire survived for centuries despite imminent threats from the various peoples at the frontiers of their territory. Warfare, plundering, settlements and other diplomatic agreements were common throughout the Roman world. Contemporary scholars have given in-depth analyses of some wars and conflicts. Many, however, remain poorly analyzed given the scarce selection of period documents and subsequent inquiry. The Dacian conflicts are one such example. These emerged under the rule of Domitian1 and were ended by Trajan2. Several issues require clarification prior to discussing this topic. The few sources available on Domitian’s reign describe the emperor in hostile terms.3 They depict him as a negative figure. By contrast, the rule of Trajan, during which the Roman Empire reached its peak, is one of the least documented reigns of a major emperor. The primary sources necessary to analyze the Dacian wars include Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Jordanes’ Getica and a few other brief mentions by several ancient authors, including Pliny the Younger and Eutropius. Pliny is the only author contemporary to the wars. The others inherited an already existing opinion about the battles and emperors. It is no surprise that scholars continue to disagree on various issues concerning the Dacian conflicts, including the causes behind Domitian’s and Trajan’s individual decisions to attack Dacia. This study will explore various possible causes behind the Dacian Wars. A variety of reasons lead some to believe that the Romans felt threatened by the Dacians. -
Histoire Rou:\%Ìains Et De La Romanité Orientale Par N
HISTOIRE ROU:\%ÌAINS ET DE LA ROMANITÉ ORIENTALE PAR N. IORGA PUBLIÉE SOUS LES AUSPICES DE SA MAJESTE LE ROI CHARLES II PAR L'ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE VOL.I,PARTIE II _ LE SCEAU DE ROME BUCAREST x 9 3 7 PARTIE II LE SCEAU DE ROME LIVRE I LES CONQUERANTS CHAPITRE I PREMIER ACTE DE LA ROMANISATION Une nouvelle période dans l'histoire de ce monde, riche en mélanges, qui s'érige peu h peu en grandes synthèses dont se détachera une solide nation millénaire, s'ouvre par l'apparition de ceux qui rendent ainsi la visite, pendant quel- que temps si menafante, de Pyrrhus. La Macédoine n'eftait pas tombée, mais Rome était entrée dans le rae de celle-ci, qui n'était que celui d' Alexandre-le-Grand. Nous avons vu comment la pénétration de Rome dans les Balcans a commencé par les deux guerres d'Illyrie (229-228 et 219 avant J. Chr.), dont nous avons parléplushaut, en rapport avec les races aborigènes dans la Péninsule du Sud-Est Européen. Jusqu'au II-e siècle, Narona, Lissus, Salona, certaines iles avaient, sous le rapport romain, le méme caractère que, plus tard, h l'époque de la domination véni- tienne, ces localités eurent sous le rapport italien 1 Les guerres de Macédoine ont fait connaitre ensuite aux Romains tous les coins des vallées de l'Ouest de la Péninsule Balcanique, pendant la première moitié du II-e siècle. Bientôt, comme autrefois Athénes faisait venir ses servi- teurs de la Thrace 2, comme aujourd'hui les Vénitiens du Frioul ou les Roumains de Bucarest les font venir du pays des Szekler en Transylvanie ou ceux de Jassy de la Bucovine 'Voy. -
Doina Benea, Simona Regep, Unele Observaţii Privind
ASOCIAŢIA ARHEO VEST TIMIŞOARA ARHEOVEST I -IN MEMORIAM LIVIU MĂRUIA- Interdisciplinaritate în Arheologie şi Istorie Timişoara, 7 decembrie 2013 * JATEPress Kiadó Szeged 2013 Editori: Andrei STAVILĂ Dorel MICLE Adrian CÎNTAR Cristian FLOCA și Sorin FORŢIU Coperta: Aurelian SCOROBETE TROI, http://www.reinhart.ro Foto copertă: Ioana CLONŢA Această lucrarea a apărut sub egida: © Arheo Vest, Timișoara, 2013 Președinte Lorena VLAD www.arheovest.com Responsabilitatea pentru conţinutul materialelor revine în totalitate autorilor. UNELE OBSERVAŢII PRIVIND AMPLASAREA ORAŞULUI ANTIC TIBISCUM Doina Benea*, Simona Regep** * Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara; [email protected] ** Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara; [email protected] Abstract. The ancient urban settlement from Tibiscum was formed on the right bank of the river Timiş, near a local native and colonists settlement, but the ancient city with the status of municipium was established by Septimius Severus through imperial edict at the junction of the two imperial roads and received a specific form. The city has been investigated so far only in a very limited extent, on its western outskirts. Another important aspect is the pre- sence of the temple of Apollo Conservator near the settlement, probably being the protective deity of the city. Perhaps not coincidentally a wooden cross was placed at the eastern entrance to the ancient city, known from long times, that had to recall the existence of an important place. Keywords: civilian settlement, municipium, Tibiscum, Septimius Severus, temple. Tibiscum este un centru militar recunoscut pe malul stâng al râului Timiş, cu un număr de cel puţin trei unităţi auxiliare în garnizoana sa. Septimius Severus a acordat aşezării civile titlul de municipium.