Introduction of JMA Himawari follow-on satellites program

Himawari-9 Kotaro BESSHO Satellite Program Division Himawari-8 Japan Meteorological Agency Himawari-8/9

Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) Geostationary Around 140.7°E communication antennas position Attitude control 3-axis attitude-controlled geostationary satellite

1) Raw observation data transmission Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) 2) DCS (Data collection System) International channel 402.0 - 402.1 MHz (uplink) Domestic channel Communication 402.1 - 402.4 MHz (uplink) solar panel Transmission to ground segments Ka-band, 18.1 - 18.4 GHz (downlink) Himawari-8 began operation on 7 July 3) Telemetry and command 2015, replacing the previous MTSAT-2 Ku-band, 12.2 - 12.75 GHz (downlink) 13.75 - 14.5 GHz (uplink) operational satellite

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029

MTSAT-1R operation standby MTSAT-2 standby operation standby

Himawari-8 a package manufacture launch operation standby Himawari-9 purchase manufacture launch standby operation standby Himawari-8/-9 follow-on program

• 2018: JMA started considering the next GEO satellite program

The Implementation Plan of the Basic Plan on Space Policy: “By FY2023 Japan will start manufacturing the Geostationary Meteorological Satellites that will be the successors to Himawari-8 and -9, aiming to put them into operation in around FY2029”.

Description of Japan’s geostationary meteorological satellites in the Implementation Plan revised in FY2017 Himawari-8/-9 follow-on program

• JMA will pursue seamless GEO satellite system by considering CGMS (Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites) baseline and Vision for WIGOS in 2040 (next slide) ➢ E.g., Hyperspectral IR Sounder and Lightning Mapper ➢ OSSE/OSE1 of hyperspectral IR sounder on JMA NWP systems are underway

1 Observing System Simulation Experiment/Observing System Experiment Vision for WMO Integrated Global Observing System in 2040 for GEO satellites Application Satellite/Instrument

Cloud amount/type/top height/temperature, • NOAA: GOES-16,17/ABI VIS/IR wind, sea/land surface temperature, • JMA: Himawari-8,9/AHI precipitation, aerosols, snow cover, • KMA: GK-2A/AMI Imager w/ rapid vegetation cover, albedo, atmospheric • repeat cycles stability, fires, volcanic ash, sand/dust storm, CMA: FY-4A/AGRI convective initiation • EUMETSAT: MTG-I1/FCI (2021) Atmospheric temperature/humidity, wind, • NOAA: N/A Hyperspectral rapidly evolving mesoscale features, • JMA: N/A sea/land surface temperature, cloud • KMA: N/A IR Sounder amount/top height/temperature, • CMA: FY-4A/GIIRS atmospheric composition • EUMETSAT: MTG-S1/IRS (2023) • NOAA: GOES-16,17/GLM • JMA: N/A Lightning Lightning, location of intense convection, • KMA: N/A life cycle of convective systems Mapper • CMA: FY-4A/LMI • EUMETSAT: MTG-I1/LI (2021) • NASA: TEMPO (2022) • JMA: N/A UV/VNIR Ozone, trace gases, aerosol, humidity, cloud • KMA: GK-2B/GEMS (2020) top height Sounder • CMA: N/A • EUMETSAT: MTG-S1/UVN (2023) Himawari-8/-9 follow-on program

• 2019: JMA is conducting a worldwide technology trends survey on future (2030-2040 time frame) satellites/instruments ➢ Site visits and face-to-face interviews for potential suppliers in Japan/US/Europe • Satellites to be surveyed: GEO, LEO, and small satellites ➢ Because of a need to have future perspective on ✓ Total meteorological satellites observation system ✓ Role of JMA’s GEO satellites in the total system • Target instruments ➢ VIS/IR Imager, Hyperspectral IR Sounder, Lightning Imager, UV/VNIR Sounder, Microwave Sounder/Imager Himawari-8/9 Data Dissemination

Communication Satellite (CS) Himawari-8/9

HimawariCast C-band antenna raw data service HRIT files, SATAID files LNB

CS Operator DVB-S2 receiver All imagery (full data)

PC & software JMA HimawariCloud NMHSs service Archive Server Users Operated by Japanese Science Group Himawari-8/-9 follow-on program

• The upgrade of Imager including adding bands, increasing observation frequency, increasing observation area of rapid scan and etc will be considered.

• The specifications of the follow-on satellites will reflect the synergy and division of roles with other satellites.

• The data dissemination system is now considering as almost same as current Himawari-8/9 one including satellite broadcasting system and landline.

• JMA needs information, comments, suggestions and requests from attendee of AOMSUC-10 for the consideration of Himawari follow-on satellites, especially for their data dissemination system.