Sarin Is a Highly Toxic Compound, Used in Chemical Weapons and As a Nerve Agent

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sarin Is a Highly Toxic Compound, Used in Chemical Weapons and As a Nerve Agent Sarin is a highly toxic compound, used in chemical weapons and as a nerve agent. It was discovered but not used in Germany during WWII. The toxin can cause death, comas, bleeding, and nausea. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance that is used as a nerve agent. It is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations and it's production is outlawed. Sarin, (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. It is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations in UN Resolution 687. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. It’s a chemical weapon and is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the UN in the UN Resolution 687. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance. Also sarin was discovered in 1938. As a chemical weapon, sarin is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations! Sarin, C4H10FO2P, is an exceedingly poisonous substance that is only used as a nerve agent. Because of its poisonous nature, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. Sarin, C4H10FO2P, is a nerve gas that is colorless and odorless. Sarin will degrade after a few weeks to a few months. Sarin can be chemically deactivated with a strong alkali. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance used as a nerve agent that disrupts the way nerves tranfer messages to organs. Sarin is similar in structure to some chemicals commonly found in insecticides. At room temperature, sarin is a colorless, odorless liquid. Its relatively high vapor pressure means that it evaporates quickly. Its vapor is also colorless and odorless. It was discovered in 1938 in Wuppertal-Elberfeld in Germany by two German scientists Sarin is a highly toxic chemical compound discovered in 1938 by a group of scientists. Its chemical formula is C4H10FO2P. It is a colorless liquid and odorless in its pure form. Sarin is extremely toxic substance that is man made. Sarin originally was developed in 1938 in Germany as a pesticide. It has no color in its purest form. Sarin, C4H10FO2P, is composed of 4 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, 1 fluorine atom, 2 oxygen atoms, and 1 phosphorus atom. It is a nerve gas classified as a weapon of mass destruction, later destroyed globally. Sarin at room temperature is a colorless ordorless liqiud. It is extremely toxic substance whose application is as a nerve agent. Sarin is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. Sarin is a poisonous liquid that is used as a nerve gas, attacking the nervous system of a living organism. It is colorless, odorless, and has a high vapor pressure. Sarin, an extremely toxic substance, is a nerve gas which is liquid at room temperature. Its major application is as a chemical weapon, which is why it was banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention. The chemical formula for sarin is C4H10FO2P. The molecular weight for sarin is 140 g/mol. The boiling point for it is 158 degrees Celsius. The freezing/melting point for it is -56 degrees Celsius. It is a clear colorless liquid. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. Sarin is a toxic substance whose only use is as a nerve agent. At room temperature it is a liquid; due to its high vapor pressure it evaporates quickly . Both states are colorless and odorless. Sarin: At room temperature, sarin is a colorless, odorless liquid.In addition, Sarin is a nerve agent that is extremely toxic and is considered a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations Sarin- clear, odorless, and tasteless liquid man made agent which can easily be used as a toxic nerve agent in a chemical terrorist attack. Originally made in Germany 1938 as a pesticide. Sarin; C4H10FO2P; is a nerve agent, that blocks nerve transmissions. It was made in Germany as a pesticide, and was later used in Iraq. It was labeled a WMD by the UN. Sarin’s chemical formula is C4H10FO2P. Molecular weight: 140 g/mol. Sarin is a highly toxic substance used as a deadly chemical weapon. Sarin is called a weapon of mass destruction. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance that can be utilized as a binary chemical weapon. At room temperature, it is odorless and colorless liquid. It also evaporates quite quickly. In it's pure form, Sarin is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid. It has a high vapor pressure, meaning it can easily become an odorless, tasteless, but extremely fatal gas. Sarin; C4H10FO2P, Sarin is also know by the name O-Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate which is a very toxic substance that dramatically attacks the human nervous system. Sarin is a nerve agent that is classified as a Weapon of Mass Destruction. It has a high vapor pressure, and because of that, it can be deduced that once it is released from its container it will diffuse into the air rapidly. It is also colorless and odorless. Sarin disrupts the nervous system by making nerve impulses continually transmit. It was discovered in 1938 in Wuppertal-Elberfeld in Germany by two German scientists. Sarin is a poisonous liquid, C4H10FO2P, that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and is used as a nerve gas in a chemical warfare in 1951, from Ger. Sarin, with chemical formula of C4H10FO2P, is a poisonous liquid, that inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and is used as a nerve gas in chemical warfare. Sarin is a toxic substance and nerve agent that has been classified by a weapon of mass destruction by NATO. Effects of sarin include seizures and death. Sarin - developed as a chemical weapon, O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate is not good for humans. the colorless, and ordor less substance can be in either liquid or gas state. if injested, results can be fatal. Sarin, C4H10FO2P, is a volatile liquid used as a nerve gas. Sarin boils at 147o but evaporates readily and interferes with cholinesterase; it was used in 1995 in a terrorist attack in the Tokyo subway. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance which acts as a nerve agent. Classified by the UN documented, Resoultion 687, as a weapon of mass destruction, production and stockpiling of sarin became outlawed in 1993. Sarin is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations. Sarin; is an extremely toxic substance used as a nerve agent and a chemical weapon. At room temperature is it colorless, ordorless liquid. It has a very high vapor pressure so it evaporates quickly. sarin C4H10FO2P 2-(fluoro-methyl-phosphoryl)oxypropane is a highly toxic substance. At room temperature sarin is an odorless colorless liquid that evaporates very quickly and is also colorless and odorless. Sarin is also known to have a very short shelf life from a few weeks to a few months. It is mostly used in chemical warfare as a nerve agent. Sarin; is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents Sarin C4H10FO2P: an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction. Sarin, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. Sarin is similar in structure and biological activity to some commonly used insecticides, such as Malathion. Sarin was discovered by Gerhard Schrader in 1938. Its chemical formula is C4H10FO2P. Sarin's melting point is -56 degrees C and its boiling point is 158 degrees C. .
Recommended publications
  • Critical Evaluation of Proven Chemical Weapon Destruction Technologies
    Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 187–316, 2002. © 2002 IUPAC INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY ORGANIC AND BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY DIVISION IUPAC COMMITTEE ON CHEMICAL WEAPON DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES* WORKING PARTY ON EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL WEAPON DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES** CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PROVEN CHEMICAL WEAPON DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (IUPAC Technical Report) Prepared for publication by GRAHAM S. PEARSON1,‡ AND RICHARD S. MAGEE2 1Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, UK 2Carmagen Engineering, Inc., 4 West Main Street, Rockaway, NJ 07866, USA *Membership of the IUPAC Committee is: Chairman: Joseph F. Burnett; Members: Wataru Ando (Japan), Irina P. Beletskaya (Russia), Hongmei Deng (China), H. Dupont Durst (USA), Daniel Froment (France), Ralph Leslie (Australia), Ronald G. Manley (UK), Blaine C. McKusick (USA), Marian M. Mikolajczyk (Poland), Giorgio Modena (Italy), Walter Mulbry (USA), Graham S. Pearson (UK), Kurt Schaffner (Germany). **Membership of the Working Group was as follows: Chairman: Graham S. Pearson (UK); Members: Richard S. Magee (USA), Herbert de Bisschop (Belgium). The Working Group wishes to acknowledge the contributions made by the following, although the conclusions and contents of the Technical Report remain the responsibility of the Working Group: Joseph F. Bunnett (USA), Charles Baronian (USA), Ron G. Manley (OPCW), Georgio Modena (Italy), G. P. Moss (UK), George W. Parshall (USA), Julian Perry Robinson (UK), and Volker Starrock (Germany). ‡Corresponding author Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgment, with full reference to the source, along with use of the copyright symbol ©, the name IUPAC, and the year of publication, are prominently visible.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Applicability of Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment Technologies to RCRA Waste Streams and Contaminated Media EPA 542-R-00-004 August 2000
    United States Solid Waste and EPA 542-R-00-004 Environmental Protection Emergency Response August 2000 Agency (5102G) www.epa.gov clu-in.org EPA Potential Applicability of Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment Technologies to RCRA Waste Streams and Contaminated Media EPA 542-R-00-004 August 2000 POTENTIAL APPLICABILITY OF ASSEMBLED CHEMICAL WEAPONS ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGIES TO RCRA WASTE STREAMS AND CONTAMINATED MEDIA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office Washington, DC 20460 Potential Applicability of ACWA Technologies to RCRA Waste Streams and Contaminated Media NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER This document was prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Technology Innovation Office with support under EPA Contract Number 68-W-99-003. It is intended to raise the awareness of the technologies included in the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) program, and presents an overview of each technology, including its applicability, performance, and other factors. Information about the technologies was obtained from the technology providers. No testing or evaluation was conducted by EPA during preparation of this document, and an independent assessment of this information was beyond EPA’s scope. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. For more information about this project, please contact: John Kingscott, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Innovation Office, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. (MS 5102G), Washington, D.C., 20460; (703) 603-7189; e-mail: [email protected]. This document may be obtained from EPA’s web site at www.epa.gov/tio, or at clu-in.org.
    [Show full text]
  • AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINES Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis
    AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINES Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis Michael P. Manns,1 Albert J. Czaja,2 James D. Gorham,3 Edward L. Krawitt,4 Giorgina Mieli-Vergani,5 Diego Vergani,6 and John M. Vierling7 This guideline has been approved by the American ment on Guidelines;3 and (4) the experience of the Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) authors in the specified topic. and represents the position of the Association. These recommendations, intended for use by physi- cians, suggest preferred approaches to the diagnostic, 1. Preamble therapeutic and preventive aspects of care. They are intended to be flexible, in contrast to standards of Clinical practice guidelines are defined as ‘‘systemati- care, which are inflexible policies to be followed in ev- cally developed statements to assist practitioner and ery case. Specific recommendations are based on rele- patient decisions about appropriate heath care for spe- vant published information. To more fully characterize 1 cific clinical circumstances.’’ These guidelines on the quality of evidence supporting the recommenda- autoimmune hepatitis provide a data-supported tions, the Practice Guidelines Committee of the approach to the diagnosis and management of this dis- AASLD requires a class (reflecting benefit versus risk) ease. They are based on the following: (1) formal and level (assessing strength or certainty) of evidence review and analysis of the recently-published world lit- to be assigned and reported with each recommenda- erature on the topic [Medline search]; (2) American tion.4 The grading system applied to the recommenda- College of Physicians Manual for Assessing Health tions has been adapted from the American College of 2 Practices and Designing Practice Guidelines; (3) Cardiology and the American Heart Association Prac- guideline policies, including the AASLD Policy on the tice Guidelines, and it is given below (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Nerve Agent - Lntellipedia Page 1 Of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent
    This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of MILLIONS of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Nerve Agent - lntellipedia Page 1 of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent UNCLASSIFIED From lntellipedia Nerve Agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally relaxes the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. ...--------- --- -·---- - --- -·-- --- --- Contents • 1 Overview • 2 Biological Effects • 2.1 Mechanism of Action • 2.2 Antidotes • 3 Classes • 3.1 G-Series • 3.2 V-Series • 3.3 Novichok Agents • 3.4 Insecticides • 4 History • 4.1 The Discovery ofNerve Agents • 4.2 The Nazi Mass Production ofTabun • 4.3 Nerve Agents in Nazi Germany • 4.4 The Secret Gets Out • 4.5 Since World War II • 4.6 Ocean Disposal of Chemical Weapons • 5 Popular Culture • 6 References and External Links --------------- ----·-- - Overview As chemical weapons, they are classified as weapons of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and their production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993; the Chemical Weapons Convention officially took effect on April 291997. Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to contraction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, and eventual death by asphyxiation as control is lost over respiratory muscles.
    [Show full text]
  • Warning: the Following Lecture Contains Graphic Images
    What the новичок (Novichok)? Why Chemical Warfare Agents Are More Relevant Than Ever Matt Sztajnkrycer, MD PHD Professor of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic Medical Toxicologist, Minnesota Poison Control System Medical Director, RFD Chemical Assessment Team @NoobieMatt #ITLS2018 Disclosures In accordance with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Standards, the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission (ANCC) and the Commission on Accreditation for Pre-Hospital Continuing Education (CAPCE), states presenters must disclose the existence of significant financial interests in or relationships with manufacturers or commercial products that may have a direct interest in the subject matter of the presentation, and relationships with the commercial supporter of this CME activity. The presenter does not consider that it will influence their presentation. Dr. Sztajnkrycer does not have a significant financial relationship to report. Dr. Sztajnkrycer is on the Editorial Board of International Trauma Life Support. Specific CW Agents Classes of Chemical Agents: The Big 5 The “A” List Pulmonary Agents Phosgene Oxime, Chlorine Vesicants Mustard, Phosgene Blood Agents CN Nerve Agents G, V, Novel, T Incapacitating Agents Thinking Outside the Box - An Abbreviated List Ammonia Fluorine Chlorine Acrylonitrile Hydrogen Sulfide Phosphine Methyl Isocyanate Dibotane Hydrogen Selenide Allyl Alcohol Sulfur Dioxide TDI Acrolein Nitric Acid Arsine Hydrazine Compound 1080/1081 Nitrogen Dioxide Tetramine (TETS) Ethylene Oxide Chlorine Leaks Phosphine Chlorine Common Toxic Industrial Chemical (“TIC”). Why use it in war/terror? Chlorine Density of 3.21 g/L. Heavier than air (1.28 g/L) sinks. Concentrates in low-lying areas. Like basements and underground bunkers. Reacts with water: Hypochlorous acid (HClO) Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Chemical Weapons
    Modern Chemical Weapons Modern Chemical Weapons causes serious diseases like cancer and serious birth defects in newly born Large scale chemical weapons were children. first used in World War One and have been used ever since. About 100 years ago Modern warfare has developed significantly since the early 20th century Early chemical weapons being used but the use of toxic chemicals to kill around a hundred years ago included: and badly injure is still very much in use tear gas, chlorine gas, mustard gas today. There have been reports of and phosgene gas. Since then, some chemical weapon attacks in Syria of the same chemicals have been during 2016. Chemical weapons have used in more modern warfare, but also been the choice of terrorists other new chemical weapons have because they are not very expensive also been developed. and need very little specialist knowledge to use them. These Chlorine gas (Cl2) weapons can cause a lot of causalities as well as fatalities, but also There have been reports of many spread panic and fear. chlorine gas attacks in Syria since 2013. It is a yellow-green gas which has a very distinctive smell like bleach. However, it does not last very long and therefore it is sometimes very difficult to prove it has been used during an attack. Victims would feel irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs when they inhale it in large enough quantities. In even larger quantities it can cause the death of a person by suffocation. Mustard gas (C4H8Cl2S) There are reports by the United Nations (UN) of terrorist groups using Mustard Agent Orange (mixture of gas during chemical attacks in Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Findings of Major Chemical Attacks in the Syrian War Are Consistent with Civilian Targeting: a Short Report Jose M
    Rodriguez-Llanes et al. Conflict and Health (2018) 12:16 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-018-0150-4 SHORTREPORT Open Access Epidemiological findings of major chemical attacks in the Syrian war are consistent with civilian targeting: a short report Jose M. Rodriguez-Llanes1, Debarati Guha-Sapir2 , Benjamin-Samuel Schlüter2 and Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks3* Abstract Evidence of use of toxic gas chemical weapons in the Syrian war has been reported by governmental and non-governmental international organizations since the war started in March 2011. To date, the profiles of victims of the largest chemical attacks in Syria remain unknown. In this study, we used descriptive epidemiological analysis to describe demographic characteristics of victims of the largest chemical weapons attacks in the Syrian war. We analysed conflict-related, direct deaths from chemical weapons recorded in non-government-controlled areas by the Violation Documentation Center, occurring from March 18, 2011 to April 10, 2017, with complete information on the victim’s date and place of death, cause and demographic group. ‘Major’ chemical weapons events were defined as events causing ten or more direct deaths. As of April 10, 2017, a total of 1206 direct deaths meeting inclusion criteria were recorded in the dataset from all chemical weapons attacks regardless of size. Five major chemical weapons attacks caused 1084 of these documented deaths. Civilians comprised the majority (n = 1058, 97.6%) of direct deaths from major chemical weapons attacks in Syria and combatants comprised a minority of 2.4% (n = 26). In the first three major chemical weapons attacks, which occurred in 2013, children comprised 13%–14% of direct deaths, ranging in numbers from 2 deaths among 14 to 117 deaths among 923.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Aspects of Biological and Chemical Weapons
    [cover] WHO guidance SECOND EDITION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA DRAFT MAY 2003 [inside cover] PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE TO BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS DRAFT MAY 2003 [Title page] WHO guidance SECOND EDITION Second edition of Health aspects of chemical and biological weapons: report of a WHO Group of Consultants, Geneva, World Health Organization, 1970 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA 2003 DRAFT MAY 2003 [Copyright, CIP data and ISBN/verso] WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN xxxxx First edition, 1970 Second edition, 2003 © World Health Organization 1970, 2003 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • The Assassination of Kim Jong Passing Himself Off As the Son of a Diplomat
    Weekly Geopolitical Report By Bill O’Grady March 6, 2017 for his education. There he lived a low- profile existence learning languages and The Assassination of Kim Jong passing himself off as the son of a diplomat. Nam The young man showed an interest in technology while in Europe. On February 13th, Kim Jong Nam, the older half-brother of Kim Jong Un, the leader of At the age of 18, he was forced to return to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea North Korea. He became close to his aunt, (DPRK), was assassinated at an airport in Kim Kyong Hui, Kim Jong Il’s sister, and Malaysia. This event offers insights into the uncle, the Dear Leader’s brother-in-law, “Hermit Kingdom” and shows the audacious Jang Song Thaek. Kim Jong Nam was nature of the regime. given government positions monitoring technology; reportedly, he was instrumental In this report, we begin with a biography of in creating North Korea’s intranet. King Jong Nam. Next, we will recap the assassination. The following section will Still, it became apparent that Kim Jong Il discuss the context of the murder, including had become jaded with his oldest son. China’s difficult relations with North Korea Instead, he lavished attention on his and potential rationale behind the youngest mistress, Ko Young Hee, another assassination. As always, we will conclude actress, and his youngest son, Kim Jong Un, with potential market ramifications. the “Young Marshall.” Who was Kim Jong Nam? As the oldest son faded from relevance, he Kim Jong Nam was born in 1971, the began to travel extensively, spending time in grandson of the “Great Leader,” Kim Il China and Southeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering the Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria: Options for Supporting International Norms and Institutions
    EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PAPERS Promoting the European network of independent non-proliferation and disarmament think tanks No. 63 June 2019 COUNTERING THE USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN SYRIA: OPTIONS FOR SUPPORTING INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND INSTITUTIONS una becker-jakob* INTRODUCTION SUMMARY For more than six years the people of Syria and the Chemical weapons are banned by international law. international community have had to face the fact Nonetheless, there have been numerous alleged and proven that chemical weapons have become part of the chemical attacks during the Syrian civil war. The international community has found ways to address this weapons arsenal in the Syrian civil war. By using these problem, but it has not managed to exclude the possibility weapons, those responsible—the Syrian Government of further chemical attacks once and for all. Nor has it included—have violated one of the most robust taboos created accountability for the perpetrators. The in international humanitarian law. In recent years, establishment in 2018 of the Investigation and the international community, the United Nations Identification Team within the Organisation for the and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is a step in the Weapons (OPCW) have found creative ways to address right direction, but it came at the price of increased this situation, but no strategy has so far succeeded in polarization among member states. To maintain the truly redressing
    [Show full text]
  • Soman Is a Human-Made Chemical Warfare Agent Classified As a Nerve Agent
    District Health Department #2 Soman Fact Sheet RCP-AP-06l SOMAN WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW What is Soman? Soman is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of known chemical warfare agents. Soman is a tasteless, odorless, clear liquid with a slight camphor odor (similar to vapor rub). How Can People Be Exposed to Soman? Following a release of Soman into the air, people can be exposed through skin contact, eye contact, or inhalation. Soman also mixes easily with water so it is possible that it could be used as a poison through the water. What Are The Symptoms of Soman? Individuals who are exposed to a low or moderate dose of soman by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption may experience some or all of the following symptoms within seconds to a few hours after exposure: runny nose, watery eyes, small pupils, eye pain, blurred vision, drooling and excessive sweating, cough, chest tightness, rapid breathing, diarrhea, increased urination, confusion, drowsiness, weakness, headache, nausea/vomiting, slow or fast heart rate, and abnormally high or low blood pressure. A large dose of Soman may lead to loss of consciousness, convulsions, paralysis, and respiratory failure leading to death. What are the Long-term Effects of Soman Exposure? Mild or moderately exposed people usually recover completely. Severely exposed people are not likely to survive. Can Soman Be Treated? Treatment consists of removing Soman as soon as possible and providing supportive medical care in a hospital setting. Antidotes are available for Soman.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides and Toxic Substances
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative risks from the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides as required by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. In addition, the individual OPs have also been subject to review through the individual- chemical review process. The Agency’s review of individual OPs has resulted in the issuance of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) for 22 OPs, interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for 8 OPs, and a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for one OP, malathion.1 These 31 OPs are listed in Appendix A. EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and 1 Malathion is included in the OP cumulative assessment. However, the Agency has issued a RED for malathion, rather than an IRED, because the decision was signed on the same day as the completion of the OP cumulative assessment.
    [Show full text]