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¡Vamos a Protestar! Porque Exterminaron La Esperanza

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¡Vamos a Protestar! Porque Exterminaron La Esperanza ¡VAMOS A PROTESTAR! PORQUE EXTERMINARON LA ESPERANZA (El magnicidio de Jaime Pardo Leal vivido por los habitantes del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta) YEIMY LILIANA PULIDO CHÁVES Código 2007160049 UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA CON ÉNFASIS EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES BOGOTÁ 2018 ¡VAMOS A PROTESTAR! PORQUE EXTERMINARON LA ESPERANZA (El magnicidio de Jaime Pardo Leal vivido por los habitantes del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta) YEIMY LILIANA PULIDO CHÁVES Código 2007160049 Trabajo de Grado para optar el título de Licenciada en educación básica con énfasis en Ciencias Sociales Dirigido por: ORLANDO MORENO MARTÍNEZ UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES LICENCIATURA EN EDUCACIÓN BÁSICA CON ÉNFASIS EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES BOGOTÁ 2018 1 FORMATO RESUMEN ANALÍTICO EN EDUCACIÓN - RAE Código: FOR020GIB Versión: 01 Fecha de Aprobación: 10-10-2012 Página 2 de 115 1. Información General Tipo de documento Trabajo de Grado Acceso al documento Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Biblioteca Central ¡VAMOS A PROTESTAR! PORQUE EXTERMINARON LA ESPERANZA Título del documento (El magnicidio de Jaime Pardo Leal vivido por los habitantes del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta) Autor(es) Pulido Chaves, Yeimy Liliana Director Moreno Martínez, Orlando Publicación Bogotá. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, 2018. p.82 Unidad Patrocinante Universidad Pedagógica Nacional MAGNICIDIO, UNIÓN PATRIÓTICA, JAIME PARDO LEAL, Palabras Claves GENOCIDIO Y BARRIO POLICARPA SALAVARRIETA. 2. Descripción La presente monografía se centra en una de las figuras más importantes de un partido político que se intentó borrar de la memoria histórica del país, quien fue asesinado durante su candidatura a la presidencia debido a sus ideales de igualdad, justicia social y, su impacto en uno de los barrios populares que fue construido gracias a la labor del Partido Comunista Colombiano y la Unión Patriótica (UP), el barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta ubicado en la ciudad de Bogotá. Así, esta investigación analiza las protestas que tuvieron lugar en el Barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta en los instantes posteriores al magnicidio del líder upeista 2 Jaime Pardo Leal el 11 de octubre de 1987. Por consiguiente, el tema central es el asesinato de Jaime Pardo Leal, y con él, la conmoción, contradicción y consecuencias que trajo sobre el barrio Policarpa su magnicidio, hechos que serán narrados por sus propios habitantes en busca de establecer la significativa implicación que existió entre el barrio Policarpa, la Unión Patriótica y el líder político. 3. Fuentes LIBROS REPRESENTATIVOS • CAMPOS ZORNOSA, Yesid. El Baile Rojo, Relatos no contados del genocidio de la UP, Random House Mondadori S.A., Bogotá, 2008. • LEVI, Giovanni, La vida inmaterial, La historia de un exorcista piamontés del siglo XVII, Editorial Nerea, Madrid, 1980. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. El Genocidio Político contra la Unión Patriótica. Informe de avance de investigaciones jurídico sociales “Gerardo Molina” UNIJUS, UNAL, Bogotá, 1999. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. El Genocidio Político contra la Unión Patriótica, acercamiento metodológico para recuperar la historia de las víctimas, UNAL, Bogotá, 2009. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. El Genocidio Político contra la Unión Patriótica visto por la prensa escrita 1984-2004, UNAL, Bogotá, 2007. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. Genocidio político contra la Unión Patriótica. Nuevas Miradas para nuevas lecturas, UNAL, Bogotá, 2006 • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. Jaime Pardo Leal. Patriota de la Unidad, UNAL, Bogotá, 2008. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. La resistencia al olvido, La prolongación de la existencia a pesar del genocidio político contra la Unión Patriótica, UNAL, Bogotá, 2006 • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. Narración breve para una experiencia larga –Sebastián Gonzáles upeista sobreviviente, UNAL, Bogotá 2006. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. Reiniciar la Esperanza, Notas preliminares sobre el Genocidio contra la 3 Unión Patriótica, UNAL, Bogotá, 1999. • ORTIZ PALACIOS, Iván David. Memoria Narrada, Narración de una historia. El Genocidio Político contra la Unión Patriótica, UNAL, Bogotá, 2008. • REINICIAR, Exterminio de una esperanza, seis mil víctimas de la UP en 20 años, Reiniciar, Bogotá, Febrero de 2005. 148 • REINICIAR, Relatos de mujeres. De viva voz, memorias del genocidio de la unión patriótica. Panamericana formas e impresos S.A., Bogotá, 2009. • ROMERO, Roberto. Expedientes contra el Olvido, Centro de memoria, paz y reconciliación, Bogotá, 2011. • SILVA LOZADA, Germán, Epopeya y genocidio de la Unión Patriótica, FUNDASUR, Bogotá, 2010, p.9. • VEGA CANTOR, Renán y CASTAÑO TÁMARA, Ricardo (Compiladores), ¡Déjenos hablar! Profesores y estudiantes tejen historias orales en el espacio escolar, IDEP, Bogotá, 1999. ENTREVISTAS • Entrevista a Ana Rut Castellano, Líder comunitaria y Cofundadora del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 14 de abril de 2015 • Entrevista a Carlos López, comerciante, militante de la UP y candidato por el Partido Verde del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 20 de junio de 2015 • Entrevista a Carlos Lozano, Militante de la Unión Patriótica y Comerciante del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 20 de junio de 2015 • Entrevista a Héctor Lozano, Militante de la Unión Patriótica y Comerciante del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 11 de febrero de 2018 • Entrevista a Olsson Freddy Zarate, comerciante del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 06 de marzo de 2018 • Entrevista a Adriana Toscano, administradora de la Casa de la cultura del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta, grabación magnetofónica, Bogotá, 14 de mayo 2018 4 4. Contenidos Estructuralmente el trabajo investigativo está dividido en cuatro partes: un capítulo inicial titulado “La vida de un luchador” que ahonda en la historia de Jaime Pardo Leal y su influencia en la sociedad colombiana; un segundo capítulo denominado “Un barrio para los pobres” que sintetiza las condiciones en las que se creó el barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta y su relación con la Unión Patriótica. La tercera parte denominada “¡Vamos a protestar! Porque exterminaron la esperanza” analiza la situación del barrio antes y después del magnicidio del líder upeista. Se vislumbrará su impacto en el escenario social, político y económico de la época y, la necesidad de visibilizarlo en el panorama colombiano. Para culminar la investigación, en las conclusiones denominadas “La esperanza sigue viva” se hace una reflexión en torno al impacto de la muerte de un candidato que encarnaba escenarios de cambio y cómo a lo largo de la historia colombiana esto no ha sido la excepción sino la regla, pero aún existen barrios y sectores sociales que como el Policarpa alzan la voz para no repetir la historia. Finalmente, en los anexos se encontrarán entrevistas de carácter inédito sin las cuales no habría sido posible la presente investigación. 5. Metodología En términos metodológicos esta investigación hace uso de un tipo de investigación histórica que parte de la necesidad de hacer una historia más cercana a la cotidianidad y a las vivencias de una persona y de un colectivo en general; da como resultado una historia centrada en lo social, reduciendo el nivel de escala en lo que Giovanni Levy ha denominado la microhistoria, un tipo de investigación que busca a partir de un elemento particular dar cuenta de lo general, en este caso se hará referencia al sentimiento de indignación de un barrio para dar cuenta de la forma en la que la sociedad colombiana estaba viviendo un genocidio político que además de ser único en la historia aún se sigue desarrollando. 5 Se destaca la reivindicación del individuo como actor social importante, constructor y reconstructor de su propia realidad; concede el privilegio al contexto, a las relaciones y los fenómenos desde la perspectiva del actor y no sólo del investigador. Así mismo, su interés por lo pequeño, lo regional y lo local brinda diferentes posibilidades metodológicas apropiadas para la realización de Microhistorias como forma de investigación histórica. La Microhistoria se caracteriza, principalmente, por ser un tiempo largo en un espacio corto, estudiados en profundidad. Es al decir de algunos, en términos generales descubrir a Dios en los detalles; y en términos particulares según el objeto de estudio de este trabajo, reconocer en la indignación generada en los habitantes del barrio Policarpa Salavarrieta tras la muerte de Jaime Pardo Leal el genocidio político contra el Partido Comunista y contra la Unión Patriótica que se venía gestando en complicidad con el Estado colombiano. Es importante aclarar también que se hará uso de la historia oral rescatando historias de vida que nunca han sido contadas; pretendiendo vincular así, el espacio – tiempo pasado con el presente. La historia oral metodológicamente empleada en este trabajo para la reconstrucción de los acontecimientos es reivindicada por su condición democrática ya que les otorga protagonismo a los actores sociales permitiendo la interacción entre el historiador y los sujetos que hacen la historia. En este sentido es indispensable recordar el concepto del historiador venezolano Arístides Medina Rubio para quien: “la Historia es la memoria colectiva de una sociedad cualquiera, a partir de la cual los hombres tratan de comprender y de explicar el pasado en todas sus dimensiones y expresiones, descubriendo sus constantes -especie de leyes sociales- y proponiendo líneas para el
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