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New Pest Response Guidelines United States Department of New Pest Response Agriculture Guidelines Animal and Plant Health Inspection Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods Service Plant Protection and Quarantine The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The opinions expressed by individuals in this report do not necessarily represent the policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. ___________________________________________________________________ CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. First Edition Issued 2008 Contents Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods Contents TOC-1 Figures LOF-1 Tables LOT-1 Acknowledgements 1-1 Introduction 1-1 Pest Information 2-1 Identification 3-1 Survey Procedures 4-1 Regulatory Procedures 5-1 Control Procedures 6-1 Environmental Compliance 7-1 Public Education 8-1 Pathways 9-1 References 1-1 Glossary 1-1 Resources A-1 Forms B-1 Index INDEX-1 2/2012-01 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods TOC-1 Contents TOC-2 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 2/2012-01 Figures Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods Figure 3-1Anatomy of a Temperate Terrestrial Land Snail. (Illustration by Joel Floyd, USDA–APHIS–National Identification Service.) page 3- 1-3 Figure 3-2Candidula intersecta (Poiret) Collected from Port of Seattle (Speci- men 1) (Images courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-4 Figure 3-3 Candidula intersecta (Poiret) Collected from Port of Seattle (Speci- men 2) (Images courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-5 Figure 3-4 Candidula intersecta (Poiret) with Spiral Striations on Shell Base; Collected from Port of Seattle (Image courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-5 Figure 3-5 Cernuella virgata (da Costa) collected from Port of Tacoma (Images courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-6 Figure 3-6 Cernuella virgata (da Costa) collected from Port of Tacoma (Images courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-6 Figure 3-7 Cernuella virgata (da Costa) Collected from Port of Tacoma (Image courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-6 Figure 3-8Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-7 Figure 3-9Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud) from Detroit, Michigan (Image courtesy of J. Zablotny) page 3-1-7 Figure 3-10Monacha cartusiana (Müller) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-9 Figure 3-11Monacha cartusiana (Müller) From Scalier Park, Chicago, Illinois (Image courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-9 Figure 3-12Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-10 Figure 3-13Xerolenta obvia (Menke) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-10 Figure 3-14Xerolenta obvia (Menke) in Detroit, Michigan (Image courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1- 11 Figure 3-15Xeropicta derbetina (Krynicki) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-12 Figure 3-16Xeropicta krynickii (Krynicki) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-12 2/2012-01 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods LOF-1 Figures Figure 3-17Xerotricha conspurcata (Draparnaud) (Images courtesy of P. Marquez) page 3-1-13 Figure 3-18Color Forms of Cochlicella acuta (Müller) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-14 Figure 3-19Color Forms of Prietocella barbara (Linnaeus) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-15 Figure 3-20Theba pisana (Müller) (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3- 1-16 Figure 3-21Theba pisana (Müller) (Images D. Robinson) page 3-1-16 Figure 3-22 Theba pisana (Müller): Close-up of shell surface showing diagnos- tic cross-hatching sculpture and dark protoconch (Image cour- tesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-16 Figure 3-23 Theba pisana (Müller) juveniles and immatures (Images courtesy of D. Robinson) page 3-1-17 Figure 3-24 Theba pisana (Müller) massing on fence posts in South Australia (Images courtesy of M. Leyson) page 3-1-17 Figure 3-25Top: Mature Arion vulgaris (Moquin-Tandon) Bottom: Immature Ar- ion vulgaris (Moquin-Tandon) (Images courtesy of I. Richling) page 3-1-18 FIGURE 4-1Circle with a 200-meter Radius Around Each Epicenter to Define Each Delimitation Zone page 4-1-6 Figure 4-2Combine any overlapping delimitation areas and eliminate non-hab- itat such as paved areas or bodies of water. Include areas at high risk. page 4-1-6 Figure 4-3Left: Platform Trap (left) and Plot Survey Tool (right). Right: Platform Trap. page 4-1-11 Figure 6-1Example of a map using grids to divide infestations into manageable units page 6-1-5 Figure B-1Example of PPQ 391 Specimens For Determination [side 1] page B-1-10 Figure B-2Example Of PPQ 391 Specimens For Determination [Side 2] page B-1-11 Figure B-3 Example of PPQ 523 page B-1-12 LOF-2 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 2/2012-01 Tables Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods Table 2-1 Classification of Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods in the Fami- lies Arionidae, Cochlicellidae, Helicidae and Hygromiidae page 2-1-2 Table 2-2 Species of Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods in the Families Ar- ionidae, Cochlicellidae, Helicidae and Hygromiidae Included in the Guidelines page 2-1-2 TABLE 4-1 Defined experience levels page 4-1-15 Table 9-1 Interceptions of Fourteen Species of Invasive Terrestrial Snails at U. S. Ports of Entry 1985 to 2009 (AQAS, 2010; Robinson, 2006) page 9-1-3 Table A-1 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods Resources (continued) page A-A-2 2/2012-01 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods LOT-1 Tables LOT-2 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 2/2012-01 Acknowledgements Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 2/2012-01 Edition 2010 Edition Writer/Editor. Patricia S. Michalak, Emergency and Domestic Programs (USDA–APHIS–PPQ–EDP), Frederick, Maryland Writer. Talitha Price, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology (USDA– APHIS–PPQ–CPHST), Raleigh, North Carolina Reviewers. Mark Hitchcox, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA–APHIS– PPQ), Pest Survey Specialist, Portland, Oregon; David G. Robinson, PPQ, National Malacologist, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jim Smith, CPHST, Raleigh, North Carolina 2008 Edition Writer/Editor. Patricia S. Michalak Chapter 1: Introduction. Joel Floyd, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–National Identification Service, Riverdale, Maryland Chapter 2: Pest Information. David G. Robinson, USDA–APHIS–PPQ, National Malacologist, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jim Smith, USDA–APHIS–PPQ–CPHST, Raleigh, North Carolina Chapter 3: Identification. David G. Robinson; Fred Zimmerman, USDA–APHIS– PPQ, Identifier, Miami, Florida Chapter 4: Survey Procedures. Mark Hitchcox; Edward Jones, USDA–APHIS–PPQ– CPHST, Statistician, Raleigh, North Carolina Chapter 5: Regulatory Procedures. Brian Sullivan, USDA–APHIS–PPQ, Detroit, Michigan; Joel Floyd Chapter 6: Control Procedures. Brian Sullivan; Tim Stevens, USDA–APHIS,–PPQ, Wilmington, North Carolina Chapter 7: Environmental Compliance. Robert Baca, USDA–APHIS–PPQ– Emergency and Domestic Programs, Riverdale, Maryland Chapter 8: Public Education. Joel Floyd 2/2012-01 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 1-1 Acknowledgements Chapter 9: Pathways. Jim Smith Cover Images Left. Theba pisana (Müller) massing on fence posts in South Australia. Courtesy of M. Leyson. Top Right. Monacha cartusiana (Müller) from Scalier Park, Chicago, Illinois. Courtesy of D. Robinson. Middle Right—Cernuella virgata (da Costa) collected from the Port of Tacoma. Courtesy of P. Marquez. Bottom Right. Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud) from Detroit, Michigan. Courtesy of J. Zablotny. 1-2 Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods 2/2012-01 Chapter Introduction 1 Contents Introduction 1-1 Document Comprehensiveness 1-3 Commercial Suppliers or Products 1-3 Contacts 1-3 Initiating an Emergency Pest Response Program 1-4 Introduction Use New Pest Response Guidelines: Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods as a guide when designing a program to detect, monitor, control, contain, or eradicate an infestation of temperate climate pest snails and slugs in the United States and collaborating territories. Selected species in the gastropod families Arionidae, Cochlicellidae, Helicidae and Hygromiidae are discussed here as these are currently of particular concern, but these guidelines are applicable for most if not all temperate terrestrial gastropods (TTG). If TTG are detected, PPQ
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