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Laboratory Instructions and Study Guide for Human Anatomy. Part One, Fourth Edition

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Laboratory Instructions and Study Guide for Human Anatomy. Part One, Fourth Edition DOCUMENT RESUME ED 315 321 SE 051 219 AUTHOR Conrey, Kathleen TITLE Laboratory Instructions and Study Guide for Human Anatomy. Part One, Fourth Edition. PUB DATE Sep 89 NOTE 91p.; For related documents, see SE 051 218-221. Black and white illustrations will not reproduce clearly. AVAILABLE FROM Aramaki Design and Publications, 12077 Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, CA 90506 ($7.75). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner, (051) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Anatomy; *Biological Sciences; *College Science; Higher Education; *Human Body; *Laboratory Procedures; Science Activities; Science Education; Secondary Education; Secondary School Science; Teaching Guides; Teaching Methods ABSTRACT During the process of studying the specific course content of human anatomy, students are being educated to expand their vocabulary, deal successfully with complex tasks, and use a specific way of thinking. This is the first volume in a set of laboratory instructions and study notes which are designed to accompany a lecture series in human anatomy. This volum includes investigations of the skeleton including bones and joints; studies of the musculature of the body; and studies of the nervous system including the central, autonomic, motor and sensory systems. General instructions and laboratory procedures are followed by illustrations of anatomical concepts using cat and sheep organs as dissection specimens. Appendices include anatomical checklists and a set of homework sheets to accompany the laboratory exercises. (CW) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **R*******R***It************A******************************************* "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS OF EDUCATION U.S. DEPARTMENT MATERIAL IN MICROFICHEONLY Office ed EduoatiOn$11 Resear0and onanovement INFORMATION GRA EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER (ERIC} i sproduced as fkThis chxument hasbeen received from the demonor orgentlation ColgirlatIng ,t improve r Mow changeshave been made to reproduction Rosily ;foredo.' rhiscloccr TO THE EDUCATIONALRESOURCES Points ohne* mammon official men) do not nerIV,Safily represent BORATOR INFORMATION CENTE 3 (ERIC)." OERI position or poiscv RUCTIONS DY GUIDE 1 t. ''..4sto ,.$ Xs . ..aa. 4 $.. t- , - :, ANA .4 .;; 4 ..1.:'V A..: Part 14:<.*4 r ..$j) Fourth Edition by KATHLEEN CONREY 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE LABORATORY INSTRUCTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE FOR HUMAN ANATOMY Part One Fourth Edition The author is a Professor of Natural Sciences at El CaminoCollege. She holds a master's degree from the Department of Human Anatomy, University ofCalifornia, SanFrancisco, and has been teaching human anatomy at the community college levelsince 1967. by KATHLEEN CONREY 3 Aramaki Design & Publications 12077 Jefferson Boulevard,Culver City, California (213) 822-9800 Fourth Edition, September, 1989 Copyright eb1988 by Kathleen Conrey All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission of the copyrightowner. First edition and first printing 1982 Printed in the United States of America 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS OSTEOLOGY 1 Bones of Pectoral Girdle & Upper Limb 2 Bones of Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 5 Bones of the Skeleton 9 Bows of the Skull 13 Joints and Ligaments: 18 SKINNING THE CAT 19 CAT MUSCLE DISSECTION INSTRUCTIONS 21 Preliminaries 21 Superficial Shoulder and Back 22 Pectoral Muscles and Anterior Abdominal Wall 24 Anterior Nee- and Head 25 Deep Back and Neck 26 Deep Shoulder 27 Muscles of Upper Arm 28 Muscles of Forearm 29 Thigh and Gluteal Region 30 Lower Leg Muscles 32 LABORATORY STUDY OF HUMAN MUSCLES 34 LABORATORY STUDY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 35 Microscopic Study 35 Peripheral Nervous System in the Cat 36 Autonomic Nervous System in the Cat 38 Sheep Brain 39 Cow Eye 43 APPENDIX A: CHECKLISTS 45 Bones 46 Arthrology 51 Cat Muscles 52 Human Muscles (by actions) 53 Human Muscles (by regions) 57 Nervous System, miscellaneous 59 Sheep Brain 60 Human Brain 61 Cow Eye 62 APPENDIX B: HOMEWORK 63 Introductory Terminology 65 Bones 66 Ossification 71 Arthrology 72 Muscles 73 Nervous System 76 Lab Instructions & Study Guide, Part 1 Table of Contents OSTEOLOGY LABS: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS order). Only after applying all steps can you decide for sure between right and Each scheduled lab period concentrates on a left. particular section of the skeleton. Lab exer- STEPS: cises that are specific to the bones for that 1. Distinguish medial from lateral. days assignment are provided. 2, Distinguish superior from inferior. sa ss. You have available for your use a bone box 3. Distinguish anterior from posterior. containing one half of a disarticulated human skeleton, either right or left, includ- ing half of a skull, and parts of the vertebral column. There will also be one or perhaps Look at the X-Rays on display at the front of two articulated human skeletons in the the room. The view box has only so much classroom that you may use for reference. room for display at any one time. You are When we study the skull you will beproided expected to shuffle through the X-Rays on with whole skulls, disarticulated skulls and the view box, taking X-Rays down and put fetal skulls. new ones up until you have looked through them all. Most of the X-Rays will have *z,N,b*%.MN., %-- s3 s- labeled feature and many textbooks and reference books have pictures of X-Rays. A While looking at the bone read its descrip- good way to understand what you are look- tion in your textbook and use many different ing at is to bring the actual bone to the view pictures of the bone from various reference box and sight along the bone as you study books. Anatomy is a 3-dimensional visual the X-Ray. Imagine that you have X-Ray subject and you need to engage fully in the eyes and can see both sides of the bone at discovery process during lab. once. USE THE CHECKLISTS BONE. cpM...p9$11:..10N Turn to the osteology checklists in the Adult bone is composed of mineralized appendix. Study the articulated and disar- osteoid tissue. Both components of bone ticulated skeletons and skulls, and learn to together are stronger than either component distinguish all the features included on the alone. checklists. The checklists are like a contract; Examine the chicken bones that have been if a feature of the bone is not on your check- soaked in vinegar. The acid dissolves the list you don't have to remember it. minerals in the bone, leaving only osteoid tissue. Describe the bone. Can you bend it? DISTINGUISH RIGHT I LEFT Next examine the chicken bones that have You must be able to distinguish righ from been baked. The heat has carbonized the left on all the bones of the disarticulated osteoid tissue, leaving only the minerals. skeleton (except for the smaller bones of the Will this bone bend? face, and the bones of the hand and foot). To do this, use the following 3 steps (in any Lab Instructions & Study Guide, Part I 1 Ostr!olog, Bones of Pectoral Girdle & Upper Limb A 1. Go through the checklist on page 46. 4. Look at the X-Ray of a broken clavicle. Carefully observe the features of the bones The clavicle serves as a strut holding the until you can easily recognize whether the shoulder in place. A fracture of the clavicle bone comes from the right or the left side of is one of the most common skeletal injuries, the body. Make sure you practice this and results from a direct fall on the shoulder stOciently, the more rehersals the better. or from a fall on the elbow with the shoulder abducted. 2. Palpate your own clavicle and notice that it's superior surface is covered by skin only 5. Roll the ulnar nerve against the posterior (no muscle attachments). The pull of surface of the medial epicondyle of your muscles creates rough markings on bones, humerus with your fingers. This is the therefore the "funny bone", so called because the ulnar superior surface nerve is found of the clavicle is just below the relatively smooth skin, between and unmarked the skin and the compared to the bone. rougher inferior 6. Hold a match surface. (medial) ing radius and A SUPERIOR VIEW 3. To distinguish end ulna against one between a right another and carefully ob- and a left clav- sternal rough markings made icle, hold the (medial) serve how they by subclavius muscle bone as here di- end acrornialarticulate at their rected, matching (lateral)proximal and P'`li411 t*" it to your own end distal ends. It body after each should now be clear to you why step. B. INFERIOR VIEW coracoid tubercle the "ulnar a. The thinner notch" belongs flattened end of to the radius, the bone is the clavicle and the "radial lateral end. Hold notch" belongs it flat. coracoid tubercle to the ulna. coracoclavicular ligament_ b. Hold the side with rough mark- ings on both ends coracoid down. scapula c. Hold the C. ANTERIOR VIEW medial end of the bone so that it bulges forward. Fig. 1- Three views of the Right Clavicle Lab instructions & Study Guide, Part 1 2 Osteology Fig. 3- Anterior View of Right Scapula Fig. 2- Posterior View of Right Scapula head anatomical neck facets on greater tubercle lesser tubercle coronoid fosse ma... medial intertubercular 1.11/epieondyle (bicipital) groove ...... trochIca capitulum (medial condyle) deltoid (lateral condyle) tuberosity Fig. 4- Distal End of Right Humerus anterior view Lateral View Anterior View Fig. 5- Proximal End of Right Humerus Lab Instructions & Study Guide, Part 1 3 Osteology olecranon radial process notch sernilunar head of radius notch coron/id process ulnar tuberosity radial tuberosity Fig. 6- Distal End of Right Humerus Fig.
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