DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Resources Division

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Resources Division United States Department of the Interior U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEVADA WATER SCIENCE CENTER 160 North Stephanie Street Henderson, Nevada 89074 April 18, 2017 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Attention: Daniel Russell 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2606 Sacramento, CA 95825 Dear Dr. Russell: I have reviewed the 2017 Draft Species Status Assessment for 14 Nevada Springsnails. Overall, I found this SSA to be informative and well-written. Some information was repeated, which could be condensed into an appendix (i.e. Tetratech 2012) unless it is desired that each section is to be stand-alone. Of particular note, Manse Spring is flowing and has been flowing for at least several years, although it did go dry at one point in the 1970s. I do not know exactly when it began flowing again, but USGS measurements at the site as recently as 2011 can be obtained at this URL: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/measurements/?site_no=360919115541501 My other comments are contained within the Track Changes version of the text. Thank you for the opportunity to review this SSA. Sincerely, /s/ Megan E. Poff Supervisory Hydrologist, USGS Nevada Water Science Center COVER PAGE TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 13 2 Analysis Framework ............................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Analysis Area ................................................................................................................. 14 2.2 Overview of Springsnail Resiliency, Redundancy, and Representation ........................ 16 2.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 17 3 Species Needs ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Springsnail Biogeography, Biology, and Habitat........................................................... 20 3.1.1 Range and Distribution ........................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Biology and Life History ........................................................................................ 21 3.2 Spring Characteristics and Function .............................................................................. 26 3.3 Physical and Biological Needs of Springsnails .............................................................. 28 3.3.1 Adequate Water Quality ......................................................................................... 28 3.3.2 Aquatic Vegetation and Substrate ........................................................................... 29 3.3.3 Free-Flowing Water ................................................................................................ 30 4 Current Conditions—Factors That May Impact Species Needs ........................................... 31 4.1 Water Management ........................................................................................................ 31 4.2 Stressors and Sources of Stressors ................................................................................. 38 4.2.1 Considered but not Carried Forward....................................................................... 38 4.2.2 Considered and Carried Forward ............................................................................ 38 4.3 Land Management and Conservation Plans ................................................................... 59 4.4 Cumulative Effects ......................................................................................................... 60 4.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 60 5 Current Conditions—Springsnail Habitat and Populations .................................................. 61 5.1 Las Vegas Valley HA (212) and Pahrump Valley HA (162) – Springs and Spring Provinces and Current Habitat Conditions ............................................................................... 62 5.1.1 Corn Creek Springs Province, Southeast of Corn Creek Spring, Unnamed Spring near Corn Creek Springs ....................................................................................................... 63 5.1.2 Willow Spring ......................................................................................................... 66 5.1.3 Red Spring .............................................................................................................. 67 5.1.4 Crystal Spring ......................................................................................................... 71 5.1.5 Horse Springs Province........................................................................................... 71 5.1.6 Kiup Spring ............................................................................................................. 73 5.1.7 Manse Spring .......................................................................................................... 74 5.1.8 South Rainbow Springs........................................................................................... 74 5.2 Las Vegas and Pahrump Valleys – Springsnail Species and Current Population Conditions ................................................................................................................................. 75 5.2.1 Spring Mountains pyrg ........................................................................................... 75 5.2.1 Corn Creek pyrg ...................................................................................................... 78 5.3 Muddy River Springs Area HA (219), Black Mountains Area HA (215), and Pahranagat Valley HA (209) – Springs and Spring Provinces and Current Habitat Conditions ................. 81 5.3.1 Cardy Lamb Spring ................................................................................................. 82 5.3.2 Baldwin Spring ....................................................................................................... 84 5.3.3 Muddy Spring ......................................................................................................... 87 5.3.4 Apcar Springs Province .......................................................................................... 89 5.3.5 Plummer Springs Province ..................................................................................... 93 5.3.6 Pederson Springs Province ..................................................................................... 96 5.3.7 Blue Point Spring .................................................................................................. 101 5.3.8 Ash Springs Province ............................................................................................ 105 5.3.9 Crystal Springs Province....................................................................................... 108 5.3.10 Hiko Spring ........................................................................................................... 110 5.4 Muddy River Springs Area, Black Mountains Area, and Pahranagat Valley – Springsnail Species and Current Population Conditions ........................................................ 111 5.4.1 Moapa pebblesnail ................................................................................................ 111 5.4.2 Moapa Valley pyrg ............................................................................................... 114 5.4.3 Grated Tryonia ...................................................................................................... 117 5.4.4 Blue Point Pyrg ..................................................................................................... 121 5.4.5 Hubbs Pyrg............................................................................................................ 122 5.4.6 Pahranagat Pebblesnail ......................................................................................... 125 5.5 White River Valley HA (207), Cave Valley HA (180), and Lake Valley HA (183) – Springs and Spring Provinces and Current Habitat Conditions .............................................. 128 5.5.1 Camp Spring ......................................................................................................... 129 5.5.2 Moon River Spring ............................................................................................... 130 5.5.3 Hot Creek Springs Province.................................................................................. 132 5.5.4 Flag Springs Province ........................................................................................... 134 5.5.5 Butterfield Spring Province .................................................................................. 136 5.5.6 Silver Springs Province......................................................................................... 139 3 5.5.7 Moorman Spring ................................................................................................... 140 5.5.8 Emigrant Spring Province ..................................................................................... 142 5.5.9 Hardy Spring Province .......................................................................................... 146 5.5.10 Parker Station Spring ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species Selection Process
    FINAL Appendix J to S Volume 3, Book 2 JULY 2008 COYOTE SPRINGS INVESTMENT PLANNED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL VOLUME 3 Coyote Springs Investment Planned Development Project Appendix J to S July 2008 Prepared EIS for: LEAD AGENCY U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Reno, NV COOPERATING AGENCIES U.S. Army Corps of Engineers St. George, UT U.S. Bureau of Land Management Ely, NV Prepared MSHCP for: Coyote Springs Investment LLC 6600 North Wingfield Parkway Sparks, NV 89496 Prepared by: ENTRIX, Inc. 2300 Clayton Road, Suite 200 Concord, CA 94520 Huffman-Broadway Group 828 Mission Avenue San Rafael, CA 94901 Resource Concepts, Inc. 340 North Minnesota Street Carson City, NV 89703 PROJECT NO. 3132201 COYOTE SPRINGS INVESTMENT PLANNED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Appendix J to S ENTRIX, Inc. Huffman-Broadway Group Resource Concepts, Inc. 2300 Clayton Road, Suite 200 828 Mission Avenue 340 North Minnesota Street Concord, CA 94520 San Rafael, CA 94901 Carson City, NV 89703 Phone 925.935.9920 Fax 925.935.5368 Phone 415.925.2000 Fax 415.925.2006 Phone 775.883.1600 Fax 775.883.1656 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix J Mitigation Plan, The Coyote Springs Development Project, Lincoln County, Nevada Appendix K Summary of Nevada Water Law and its Administration Appendix L Alternate Sites and Scenarios Appendix M Section 106 and Tribal Consultation Documents Appendix N Fiscal Impact Analysis Appendix O Executive Summary of Master Traffic Study for Clark County Development Appendix P Applicant for Clean Water Act Section 404 Permit Application, Coyote Springs Project, Lincoln County, Nevada Appendix Q Response to Comments on the Draft EIS Appendix R Agreement for Settlement of all Claims to Groundwater in the Coyote Spring Basin Appendix S Species Selection Process JULY 2008 FINAL i APPENDIX S Species Selection Process Table of Contents Appendix S: Species Selection Process ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malacologica
    FOLIA Folia Malacol. 24(3): 111–177 MALACOLOGICA ISSN 1506-7629 The Association of Polish Malacologists Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe Poznań, September 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.024.008 PATTERNS OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION IN LAND SNAILS: A MULTI-SCALE APPROACH SERGEY S. KRAMARENKO Mykolaiv National Agrarian University, Paryzka Komuna St. 9, Mykolaiv, 54020, Ukraine (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Mechanisms which govern patterns of intra-specific vatiation in land snails were traced within areas of different size, using Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke), Chondrula tridens (O. F. Müller), Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki), X. krynickii (Krynicki), Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac) and Helix albescens Rossmässler as examples. Morphometric shell variation, colour and banding pattern polymorphism as well as genetic polymorphism (allozymes and RAPD markers) were studied. The results and literature data were analysed in an attempt to link patterns to processes, with the following conclusions. Formation of patterns of intra- specific variation (initial processes of microevolution) takes different course at three different spatial scales. At micro-geographical scale the dominant role is played by eco-demographic characteristics of the species in the context of fluctuating environmental factors. At meso-geographical scale a special part is played by stochastic population-genetic processes. At macro-geographical scale more or less distinct clinal patterns are associated with basic macroclimatic
    [Show full text]
  • The Freshwater Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: Updated Checklist, Endemicity Hotspots, Threats and Conservation Status
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91 (2020): e912909 Taxonomy and systematics The freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mexico: updated checklist, endemicity hotspots, threats and conservation status Los caracoles dulceacuícolas (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de México: listado actualizado, hotspots de endemicidad, amenazas y estado de conservación Alexander Czaja a, *, Iris Gabriela Meza-Sánchez a, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez a, Ulises Romero-Méndez a, Jorge Sáenz-Mata a, Verónica Ávila-Rodríguez a, Jorge Luis Becerra-López a, Josué Raymundo Estrada-Arellano a, Gabriel Fernando Cardoza-Martínez a, David Ramiro Aguillón-Gutiérrez a, Diana Gabriela Cordero-Torres a, Alan P. Covich b a Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av.Universidad s/n, Fraccionamiento Filadelfia, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico b Institute of Ecology, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602-2202, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (A. Czaja) Received: 14 April 2019; accepted: 6 November 2019 Abstract We present an updated checklist of native Mexican freshwater gastropods with data on their general distribution, hotspots of endemicity, threats, and for the first time, their estimated conservation status. The list contains 193 species, representing 13 families and 61 genera. Of these, 103 species (53.4%) and 12 genera are endemic to Mexico, and 75 species are considered local endemics because of their restricted distribution to very small areas. Using NatureServe Ranking, 9 species (4.7%) are considered possibly or presumably extinct, 40 (20.7%) are critically imperiled, 30 (15.5%) are imperiled, 15 (7.8%) are vulnerable and only 64 (33.2%) are currently stable.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Tracking List
    Nevada Division of Natural Heritage Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 901 S. Stewart Street, Suite 5002, Carson City, Nevada 89701-5245 voice: (775) 684-2900 | fax: (775) 684-2909 | web: heritage.nv.gov At-Risk Plant and Animal Tracking List July 2021 The Nevada Division of Natural Heritage (NDNH) A separate list, the Plant and Animal Watch List, systematically curates information on Nevada's contains taxa that could become at-risk in the future. endangered, threatened, sensitive, rare, and at-risk plants and animals providing the most comprehensive Taxa on the At-Risk Plant and Animal Tracking List are source of information on Nevada’s imperiled organized by taxonomic group, and presented biodiversity. alphabetically by scientific name within each group. Currently, there are 639 Tracking List taxa: 285 plants, Nevada's health and economic well-being depend 209 invertebrates, 65 fishes, 9 amphibians, 7 reptiles, upon its biodiversity and wise land stewardship. This 27 birds, and 37 mammals. challenge increases as population and land-use pressures continue to grow. Nevada is among the top Documentation of population status, locations, or 10 states for both the diversity and the vulnerability of other updates or corrections for any of the taxa on its living heritage. With early planning and responsible this list are always welcome. Literature citations with development, economic growth and our biological taxonomic revisions and descriptions of new taxa are resources can coexist. NDNH is a central source for also appreciated. The Nevada Native Species Site information critical to achieving this balance. Survey Report form is available on our website under Management priorities for the state’s imperiled the Submit Data tab and is the preferred format for biodiversity are continually assessed, providing submitting information to NDNH.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Laura Elizabeth Dugan 2014
    Copyright by Laura Elizabeth Dugan 2014 The Dissertation Committee for Laura Elizabeth Dugan Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Invasion Risk and Impacts of a Popular Aquarium Trade Fish and the Implications for Policy and Conservation Management Committee: Dean Hendrickson, Supervisor Camille Parmesan, Co-Supervisor Hans Hofmann Mathew Leibold Mary Poteet Invasion Risk and Impacts of a Popular Aquarium Trade Fish and the Implications for Policy and Conservation Management by Laura Elizabeth Dugan, B.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2014 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family, fellow pursuers of knowledge, who have always encouraged, motivated and supported me and my academic interests. I could not have come this far without you. "The idea of wilderness needs no defense. It only needs more defenders." Edward Abbey Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Dean Hendrickson for the opportunity to work on this interesting topic in such a beautiful place. I would also like to thank my advisors Dean Hendrickson and Camille Parmesan, my committee members Hans Hofmann, Mathew Leibold and Mary Poteet and the Parmesan lab members for all their support and invaluable input on this work. In addition, without the assistance of my colleagues in Cuatro Ciénegas as well as several undergraduate students
    [Show full text]
  • Assembly of a Micro-Hotspot of Caenogastropod Endemism in the Southern Nevada Desert, with a Description of a New Species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys Assembly492: 107–122 of (2015)a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert... 107 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.492.9246 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Assembly of a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert, with a description of a new species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae) Robert Hershler1, Hsiu-Ping Liu2, Jeffrey S. Simpson2 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013- 7012, USA 2 Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA Corresponding author: Robert Hershler ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Backeljau | Received 13 January 2015 | Accepted 16 March 2015 | Published 30 March 2015 http://zoobank.org/8C3C5DD3-7424-49EC-9444-E07917D82DBE Citation: Hershler R, Liu H-P, Simpson JS (2015) Assembly of a micro-hotspot of caenogastropod endemism in the southern Nevada desert, with a description of a new species of Tryonia (Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae). ZooKeys 492: 107–122. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.492.9246 Abstract Newly obtained and previously published sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were analyzed to examine the biogeographic assembly of the caenogastropod fauna (belonging to the fami- lies Assimineidae, Cochliopidae, and Hydrobiidae) of an isolated spring along the lower Colorado River in southern Nevada (Blue Point Spring). Based on available COI clock calibrations, the three lineages that comprise this fauna are 2.78–1.42 million years old, which is roughly coeval or slightly younger than the age of Blue Point Spring (inferred from local fossil spring deposits).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Departhient of the Interior 200? OCT
    @2/82 FS PAGE 3øi2@07 @S47 7757268111 CALIENTE United States Departhient of the Interior BUREAU Of LAND MANAGEMENT Ely Field Oftce I-1C33 Bo 33500 (702 N. tndstria Way) TAKE PRIDE. Ely. Nevada 893(11 -940$ INAMERICA http://www.hlm.gov/n’/sVeii.html RecelvQd In Reply Refer to: So. Nevada Field Offlc JUL 2 ‘ 200? 6840(P) (NV-045.07) OCT 122007 Las Vegas, 1W Memorandum To: Assistant field Supervisor, U.S. fish. an Wildlife Service, Southern Nevada. Fish and. Wildlife Office, Las Vegas, NV From: Field Manager. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Fly Fie)d Office, NV Subject: Fornal Section 7 Consultation and Request for Concurrence, Southwest intcrtie Project (SWIP) — Southern Portion The BLM Ely requests formal section 7 consultation under the Endangered Species Act on the proposcd $WIP— Southern Portion due tø possible adverse effects to the Mojave population of lesert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). The BLM Ely Field Office has prepared a BioJogical Assessment (BA) to update the original BA for the SWIP that was prepared in November, 1993, Please find attached a BA analyzing the potential Impacts of the project to Desert Tortoise. The BA includes analysis on potential impacts to the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidon fratfli extirnus) and threatened Bald Eagle (Haliacetus leucocephalus) and a finding of “may affect, not likely to adversely affect” for these two species. Thc BLM requests concuiTence with this finding. A discuss n of these species and their associated habitats is included in the attached BA. If you have any questions or require additional information, please contact Wildlife Biologist Alicia Styles at 775-726-8 128.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from North Mexico and Their Relation with Extant Species from Cuatrociénegas Boletín De La Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Vol
    Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 [email protected] Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. México Czaja, Alexander; Estrada-Rodríguez, José Luis; Romero-Méndez, Ulises; Orona-Espino, Anselmo Two new subfossil species of springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from North Mexico and their relation with extant species from Cuatrociénegas Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 69, núm. 1, -, 2017, pp. 199-208 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94350664009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2017 / 199 Two new subfossil species of springsnails (Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from North Mexico and their relation with extant species from Cuatrociénegas Alexander Czaja, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez, Ulises Romero-Méndez, Anselmo Orona-Espino ABSTRACT Alexander Czaja ABSTRACT RESUMEN José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez [email protected] Ulises Romero-Méndez We describe two new species of the Se describen dos nuevas especies del género Anselmo Orona-Espino genus Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry de depósitos Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad from subfossil spring deposits of Vi- subfósiles de Viesca, Coahuila, norte de Juárez del Estado de Durango, 35010 Gómez Palacio, Durango, México. esca, Coahuila, in the northern part México. La primera especie, P. paleominc- of Mexico. The first species, P. pa- kleyi sp. nov., tiene conchas trochiformes con leominckleyi sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status of Freshwater Gastropods of Canada and the United States Paul D
    This article was downloaded by: [69.144.7.122] On: 24 July 2013, At: 12:35 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Fisheries Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ufsh20 Conservation Status of Freshwater Gastropods of Canada and the United States Paul D. Johnson a , Arthur E. Bogan b , Kenneth M. Brown c , Noel M. Burkhead d , James R. Cordeiro e o , Jeffrey T. Garner f , Paul D. Hartfield g , Dwayne A. W. Lepitzki h , Gerry L. Mackie i , Eva Pip j , Thomas A. Tarpley k , Jeremy S. Tiemann l , Nathan V. Whelan m & Ellen E. Strong n a Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (ADCNR) , 2200 Highway 175, Marion , AL , 36756-5769 E-mail: b North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences , Raleigh , NC c Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA d United States Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center , Gainesville , FL e University of Massachusetts at Boston , Boston , Massachusetts f Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources , Florence , AL g U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , Jackson , MS h Wildlife Systems Research , Banff , Alberta , Canada i University of Guelph, Water Systems Analysts , Guelph , Ontario , Canada j University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada k Alabama Aquatic Biodiversity Center, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources , Marion , AL l Illinois Natural History Survey , Champaign , IL m University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL n Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology , Washington , DC o Nature-Serve , Boston , MA Published online: 14 Jun 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology – 2015 & 2016 –
    1 ================================================================================== CURRENT AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES ON BENTHIC BIOLOGY – 2015 & 2016 – [ published in May 2017 ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOREWORD. “Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology” is published annually for the members of the Society for Freshwater Science (SFS) (formerly, the Midwest Benthological Society [MBS, 1953-1975] then the North American Benthological Society [NABS, 1975-2011]). This compilation summarizes titles of articles published in 2015. Additionally, pertinent titles of articles published prior to 2015 also have been included if they had not been cited in previous reviews (or to correct errors in previous annual bibliographies), and authors of several sections have also included citations for recent (2016 and 2017) publications. I extend my appreciation to 1) past and present members of the MBS, NABS and SFS Literature Review and Publications Committees and the Society presidents and treasurer Mike Swift for their support, 2) librarians Elizabeth Wohlgemuth (Illinois Natural History Survey) and Susan Braxton (Prairie Research Institute) for their assistance in accessing journals, other publications, bibliographic search engines and abstracting resources, and rare publications critical to the compilation and verification of citations included herein, and 3) Kristi L. Moss (Illinois Natural History Survey) for her assistance
    [Show full text]
  • The Hydrobiid Snails (Gastropoda: Rissoacea) of the Cuatro Ctenegas Basin: Systematic Relationships and Ecology of a Unique Fauna
    THE HYDROBIID SNAILS (GASTROPODA: RISSOACEA) OF THE CUATRO CTENEGAS BASIN: SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS AND ECOLOGY OF A UNIQUE FAUNA ROBERT HERSHLER Edwards Aquifer Research and Data Center Southwest Texas State University San Marcos. Texas 78666-4615 ABSTRACT Results of the study of the morphology, systematics, and ecology of the Cuatro Cidnegas hydrobiids are given. Contrary to previous thought, no subfamilies of hydrobiids are endemic to the basin: all taxa studied belong to either the Nympho- philinae or Littoridininae, subfamilies widespread tlroughout North America. Of the nine genera (five endemic) and 13 species (nine endemic) found while sampling a large portion of the basin drainage, one genus and three species are new (but will be described elsewhere), and two species are new to the basin. The six nominal species of Mexipyrgus are reduced to one, M. churinceanus. The diverse fauna is paxtitioned among three habitat types: species with large, thickened shells inhabit large springs and their outflows; minute, blind, unpigmented species are restricted to smaller groundwater outlets; and a third set of species inhabits smaller stxeams of the basin, Within large springs, micro-habitat partitioning occurs as seParate species predominate either in soft sediment, on aquatic vegetation, or on travertine. At least one species reproduces year-round in the thermal waters of large springs. Phenetic and phyletic analyses show that three of five endemic genera closely resemble non-endemics found in the basin. The close similarity of endemics to non-endemics, lower level of endemism than once thought, lack of marked differentiation within the basin, and close proximity of the basin drainage to outside waters suggest a local and recent origin for the endemic taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama Inventory List
    Alabama Inventory List The Rare, Threatened, & Endangered Plants & Animals of Alabama June 2004 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................................1 DEFINITION OF HERITAGE RANKS .................................................................................................................................3 DEFINITIONS OF FEDERAL & STATE LISTED SPECIES STATUS.............................................................................5 AMPHIBIANS............................................................................................................................................................................6 BIRDS .........................................................................................................................................................................................7 MAMMALS...............................................................................................................................................................................10 FISHES.....................................................................................................................................................................................12 REPTILES ................................................................................................................................................................................16 CLAMS & MUSSELS ..............................................................................................................................................................18
    [Show full text]