AUTOMATIC including T runk Main Rural designed for service Unit Private in all parts o f the world Private Branch

DY dose attention to technical detail MANUAL EXCHANGES of all types the Company has maintained Its position in the forefront of Telecom­ CARRIER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT munication Engineers throughout its long experience. Its products enjoy TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS of all types a world-wide reputation for sound TELEPHONE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT • design and technical excellence. PROTECTIVE DEVICES The Company undertakes the supply and installation of complete Auto- RELAYS matlcandManualTelephoneExchanges for Public and Private service, Auto­ TELEPHONE CABLES, WIRES & CORDS matic and Manual Trunk Exchanges, all types of Telephone Cables for LOADING COILS Trunk and Local Service, C arrier Transmission Equipment and Cables, MARINE RADIO EQUIPMENT Radio Equipments for Ships. SHIPS’ TELEGRAPHS & TELEPHONES CELLS & BATTERIES Dry, Fluid & Inert

SIEMENS BROTHERS & CO., LIMITED ISTAtusHEPms WOOLWICH. LONDON. S.E.I8 TELEPHONE : WOOLWICH 2020

30 MAY 1947 SIXPENCE mm: «»».

H k 3*ï RM »a BJS&» ¥ L*:

b u i L ELECTROFLUX ‘ MAGNETIC CRACK DETECTION APPARATUS The Electroflux Universal Crack Detector will locate cracks in all directions. It is ideal for the rapid inspection of mass produced articles. Semi-automatic operation.

TRAFFORD PARK ••• MANCHESTER 17.

N/C70I

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1409

The Factory Manager

gets asato hot w ater !

•VO'S e»V Yiot > %<>» to r i i0 o0.t& Ca° e?3 so in rfíXf tef ... • • 19 5OO VÖ1 fe<4o.Vr® •yec t o O-®” tn° î f lor VS° r&° ti» 6-

/ * # ie* - J / provÍ ct,at:¡A ^adj^L^ter

1,0 i.°°Ô !£*

The model illustrated is just one from the w ide range o f G .E.C. w ater heating appliances designed to meet every domestic and industrial appli­ cation.

ELECTRIC WATER HEATING

Arfvl. of The General Electric Co. Ltd., Magnet House, Kingsvray. W.C.2

30 M A Y Iÿ tf THE ELECTRICIAN ______. :; , '.-s-:v;i

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 HEBBURN-

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN The Electrician\ REBUILDING? 50 M a y 1947

Installing Electric Power Demands GOOD TEAMWORK

There must be no hold-ups if erection costs are to be kept down ; no cases of one contractor waiting on another. For their part, J. & P. proved their ability at working on fast building schedules during the war years, and are accustomed to co-operating with architects, consultants and sub-con­ tractors at every stage. And being manufacturers of the main equipment, many possible hold-ups can be eradi­ cated at source.

Co-opt J. & P. at thePlanning Stage 1413

WHERE THEY USE BAKELITE LAMINATED

No.l-M ERCURY TYPE ON-LOAD

TAP CHANGING S WITCH

o f Johnson & Phillips Ltd.

Because the tapping switches are good, and the material not only resists immersed in transformer oil at high the action of heat and oil, but is also temperatures, Messrs. Johnson & light' in weight and is easily fabricated. Phillips Ltd. have adopted B a k e l i t e It is available in sheets up to 4 inches Laminated as the insulating material thick, and rods and tubes. most suitable for standing up to these The switch illustrated is designed for onerous conditions. The insulating use with power transformers up to properties of B akelite Laminated are 11 kV working voltage.

TREFOIL BAKELITE PLASTICS REGD. TRADE MARKS Essential Materials for Essential Work

TI09

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1414

Your output will increase imme­ diately you change to the Linread Phillips Screw, which grips the driver, never slips, and ensures faster, cheaper, and safer assembly. Burred screw heads, scratched work and loss of tune are things of W rite to : the past once you use the screw LINREAD LTD., of the future. Do it now. D ept, xx, Sterling Works, Cox Street, Birmingham 3, CHANGE TO for our illustrated leaflet. L i n r e a d Phillips Screws

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 ipS$

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1416

By standardising on the totally enclosed The benefits of tie totally enclosed

motor and concentrating manufacture motor ore thus mode available at prices

on the more popular sizes, Newman which permit its universal application,

secure important production advantages. No other motor offers such supreme value.

y 1 •/ ? 0 _-’> \

Pioneerj in the universal application o f Totally Enclooct) Alotorj

NEWMAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED. TATE. BRISTOL ENG. lonim OIT.ce: 32. Vicimi Si. WnimiBler, SWT

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1417

KILOWATT-HOURS

APPROVED BY THE ELECTRICITY COMMISSIONERS

COMPLY WITH RSS. No. 37-1937

> H P i T S b P I C N j ALL-INSULATED ELECTRICITY METERS TYPE 21

A M . of SIEMENS ELECTRIC LAMPS AND SUPPLIES LIMITED, 38/39 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.4 Branches al-Bellasl, Birmingham, Bristol, Carditl, Dublin, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester. Keweaslle-on-Tjne, Noltingham, Sheffield j o M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN i n d e :X TO ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE

A.B. Metal Products, Ltd...... 1440 i FRACTIONAL Aron Electricity Meter, Ltd ...... 1432 Ashley Accessories, Ltd ...... ^ ... 1432 I Automotive Engineering Co., Ltd. (The) 1423 H.P. MOTORS Bakelite, Ltd. 1413 Baldwin Instrument Co., Ltd ...... 1431 Blackman, Keith, Ltd. 1427 i British Cork Mills, Ltd...... 1437 British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd ...... 1419 ! British Insulated Callenders Cables, Ltd. 1410 Buck & Hickman, Ltd. ... 1425 Burdette & C o ., L td ...... 1476 '

City Electrical Co.... 1439 Civitas Trading Corporation ...... 1418 Collins Electrical, Ltd. 1422 Commercial Structures, Ltd ...... 1433 Compton Engineering Co., Ltd ...... 1438 i

Davis & Timmins, Ltd ...... 1431 Donovans Electrical Co., Ltd. 1439 ¡ Dorman & Smith, Ltd...... 1433 Í We have purchased a large quantity of Drayton Regulator & Instrument Co., Ltd. 1439 ! D.S. Plugs, Ltd. ... 1430 new Fractional H.P. Electric Motors, Duratubc & Wire, Ltd. ... 1428 Dynamo & Motor Repairs, Ltd ...... 1424 ; available EX STOCK NOW, and in Electrical & General Accessories (Leicester), Ltd. 1476 monthly batches from May, 1947, Electro Methods, Ltd. 1478 i Ericsson Telephones, Ltd. 1474 : onwards. General Electric Co., Ltd. 1409

Hampton Works, Ltd. 1426 Hudson Pressings, Ltd. ... 1428 Hurlock, Wm., Jnr., Ltd.... 1439 BRIEF SPECIFICATION : Johnson, Clapham & Morris, Ltd. 1478 Johnson & Phillips, Ltd ...... 1412 Single phase-, 50 cycle 4 pole, capacitor Kent Bros. Electric Wire Co...... type, screen protected, ball bearing induction

Linrcad, Ltd. ... 1414 motors, complete with capacitor condenser. London Shafting & Pulley Co., Ltd. ... 1429 L.P.S. Electrical Co., Ltd...... 1477

Mavitta Drafting Machine, Ltd., The .. ... 1426 Metropolitan Vickers Elec. Co., Ltd. Cover ii Multicore Solders, Ltd...... 1473 RATED TO DEVELOP OUTPUTS

National Fire Protection Co., Ltd. ... 1478 110/120 volts. 1/32 hp. 1390 rpm. Newman Industries, Ltd ...... 1416

Painton & C o ., Ltd . ... 1469 200/240 volts. 1/30 hp. 1400 rpm. Permaheat, Ltd. ... 1473 Pressphan, Ltd. ... 1478 Pultra, Ltd. ... 1474

Record Electrical Co., Ltd., The...... 1429 Reeder, Thos., Ltd...... 1479 Full specification for home and export. Reyrolle, A., & Co., Ltd...... 1411 Riley, Robert, Ltd...... 1426 Ripaults, Ltd...... 1415 Rowlett Engineering Co., Ltd...... 1479

Sanders, Wm., & Co. (Weds.), Ltd...... 1471 Sangamo Weston, Ltd...... 1421 CIVITAS Scemco, Ltd...... 1476 Shannon, Ltd...... 1473 Siemens Bros. & Co., Ltd...... Cover i Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies, Ltd. ... 1417 TRADING CORPORATION LTD., Simplex Electric Co., Ltd...... Cover iii Smith, Frcdk., & Co., Ltd...... 1420 Smith Meters, Ltd. ... Cover iv 10, P0RTMAN STREET, LONDON, W.1 Sterling Cable Co., Ltd...... 1475 Taylor, Tunnicliffe & Co., Ltd...... 1437 Tele:MAYfair6522. Cables: Civitas, L ondon. Thames Wire & Cable Co., Ltd...... 1480 Ulhorn Brothers, Ltd...... 1438

THE ELECTRICIAN 50 M A Y 1947 ID A COMPOUND-FILLED T-H° H SWITCHGEAR

Class M F 36 3 3 K V 7 5 0 M V A

BTH 1 V I L L E S D E N THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON COMPANY LIMITED, WILLESDEN. ENGLAND, A 2884

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1420

e most up-to-date pre­

cision'm achinery and highest quality m a t e r i a l s are em ployed in the m anufacture

Anacos C opper Strip, w ith consequent accuracy and

reliability.

Anacos Copper being used injhe manu­ facture of a circular Lifting Magnet.

TELEG telephonev? FREDERICK SMITH & COMPANY Rl ACKFRIARS ‘ (iMowouno i* wi ionoom mcrwc wi« cohiant * tMiTMs. ‘ANACONDA 8701 (9 Unes), ANACONDA WORKS. SALFORD, 3. LANCS MANCHESTER

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1421

In olden times, chivalry was a feature of the jousts. In modern business,

the spirit of chivalry will not overcome all our supply problems, but

courteous and prompt attention to individual requirements will often help

to speed deliveries. It is in this spirit of real helpfulness that we arc making

every effort to meet the present demand for

Sangamo Weston electricity meters and time

switches. You can rest assured that we shall

continue to accord your needs every consider­

ation and that we will do our best to assist

you in spite of a difficult supply situation.

SHI. Hill WESTON METERS & TIME SWITCHES

Great Cambridge Road, Enfield, Middlesex Telephone: Enfield 3434 & 1242

So M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1422

COLLINS Collins Electrical Ltd. Head Office 115- Clerkenwell Road London E C 1 Central London Works 22 St. Albans Place Upper Street Islington N 1 k West London Works j i k 9 <ćr j 1 Feather stone Road Southall J i H k Phone Holborn 0212-4 Canonbury 3227-8^ ® or Southall 016?

THE ELECTRICIAN jo M A Y ii)47 1423

s p i n d l e s

incers w ho have felt the

need fo r a really sm all eirclip w ill

w elcom e the T w icklip w hich fits

in a groove just like a Seeger

and which is m ade in

sizes fro m 1/a to ,,’/32.

- ■■■■;' I H'riir for dcscripItvc lilvnUnrc

Manufactured, by xuv oniy circup which remains truly circular The VITOMOTIVE F,\CI\EEIUVG to. Lid. contact periphery. It exerts tu t i;iti;t\, twickexiiaji , m id d x . great and uniform pressure on the groove in which it is fitted and can be relied on as a com­ pletely safe fixture. fHOHC rorcsctove 2 to 6 p.&.x_____ ^ Smee’s AE50 30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1,050 H.P., 11.000 VOLTS, Preformed colls, electrically welded joints, flash tested 23,000 volts on completion. Wound at Wembley; running North_of England. DYNAMO S MOTOR REPAIRS LTD

THE ELECTRICIAN 50 M A Y 1947 1425

has been

ana»n-oU5—:ontlnu<"5 W1 ncwncw..s- ..S w;typ

^ !or au c: ! « ^ r £ T ^ - in ha^mets ar (urthermor c|abor«e „orkm*1 « ° ^ . áspense **■ '

the«ají ma'l« 1'1311 « yi^ « or'‘ USUal,Ye S P E C I T 'C ^ 1 0 ^1 _ 19 inches Ui>ith " ji lbs.

i t ..'» - '■5“ '*'”"

23 Secs ii ■ , \2 Secs- Ho- 6 ^ 0. 14 26 - 30 •■ Ho. 8 ' 18 Ho. '*> No.'0- ^ , ’’ . y i Sees- ^Ho- ° ‘ is less than

or. 0 n tVD

50 MAY 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN

o 1426

Perfect balance at any slope. Take any board. Ball Bearing. Perfect parallel movement...

No drawing office should be without "MAVITTA" DRAFTING MACHINES.

The nearest to perfection In drawing office equip­ ment—" MAVITTA ” DRAFTING MACHINES made of steel tube with adjustable ball-bearings. Main c j i y p q angles located automatically, Intermediate angles by u » i su Sa S lock. Scales have_fnlald celluloid edges and divided to order on two edges. B.I.F BIRMINGHAM—STAND D.7IZ ^ HAMPTON WORKS D R A FTIN G (ST A M PI N GS> /tZT\ L I M ITE D THE MAVITTA MACHINES LTD., PRESS W .O RK \JJ/ EX P E RTS Anchor Works, Park Road, ASTON BIRMINGHAM, 6. 1WYNINGS ROAD, STIRCHLEY. BIRMINGHAM. Tel.: EAST 482 Telegrams : MAVITTA Birmingham. Tel.: KINgs Norton 2901 (3llnes). Grams:RadIagllls B'ham

'’-'¿S

Queer looking springs, ordinary springs, large or small springs; springs tipped with precious • metals, whatever your needs consult Riley of Rochdale, makers of quality springs and technical leaders since 1821. ROBERT/RILEY LTD MILKSTONE SPRING^— ^WWORKS, QRKS. ROCHDALE LA!LANCS.

Telephone : ROCHDALE 2237-8 Telegrams RIL0SPR1NG " ROCHDALÊ THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1427

There is a “KEITH-BLACKMAN” FAN f o r every purpose for w h i c h a fan is essential.

H E A T I N G VENTILATION DUST REMOVAL FORGE BLOWING MECHANICAL DRAUGHT FUMES REMOVAL STEAM REMOVAL CUPOLA BLOWING SMOKE REMOVAL FURNACE BLOWING DRYING, COOLING

v K E I T H x / B L A C K M A N t

MILL MEAD ROAD, Y Y LONDON, N.17.J M ‘PHONI: TOTTENHAM A52Í. W e invite your enquiries. 'CRAMS KtlTMBl AC. PMONf. LONOOH.'*

50 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1428

ELECTRIC M OTOR & ARMATURE REWINDS

AUTOMOBILE GENERATOR

AND

STARTER ARMATURE REWINDS

O U R SPECIALITY

PROMPT 'a t t e n t i o n GIVEN TO ALL RELIABLE SERVICE IN ELECTRIC MOTOR RE-WINDS. ENQUIRIES

DURAWIRES OURACABŁES

'u h au ń M L

&Ąuifaxi'Ukh SFliiôticvU/iÿ Ztiem U KplientU

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y z947 1429

ACHOMETERS TACHOMETERS TACHOMETERS

OMETERS p J TACHOMETERS TACHOMETERS

1. Aircraft Type Indicator and 3. G e n e ra l P u rp o s e G e n e ra t o r Transmitter. Transmitter. 2. W ater Tight Generator Trans 4. *Cirscale Engine Room Indi­ m itte r. cator. Special Types available for Motor Buses and Trolley Buses, Rail Cars, Locomotives, etc. » Cirscale is the Repistered Trade Name o f the Record Electrical Co. Ltd., and applies exclusive// to their instruments. THE RECORD ELECTRICAL CO. LTD., BROADHEATH, ALTRINCHAM, CHESHIRE. Tel.: Altrincham 3221/2. ’Grams.: " Infusion," Altrincham. London : 28, Victoria Street, S .W .I. Tel.: Abbey SI43

MOTOR SLIDE RAILS

W e are pleased to be able to introduce the new steel “ ROGERAIL” which is vastly superior to the standard cast iron rails: th e y a r e :— p. STRONG IN CONSTRUCTION EASY TO FIX > MADE TO ANY SIZE I LIGHTER THAN CAST IRON UNBREAKABLE Please advise length In slide required or give particulars of motor when ordering SPECIAL TERMS TO STOCKISTS

M O T O R SLIDE RAILS E X S T O C K FROM

THE LONDON SHAFTING & PULLEY CO. LTD. C 0 L L I N G W 0 0 D IRONWORKS, NORTHDOWN ST, K I N G S C R O S S , N.,I. ^/.-TERMINUS 4731

jo M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1430

The rather rummy looking object This enables the skirt to be fixed ab o v e I b one section of the new alter the wiring has been completed DS skirt for surface mounting the and means greater ease for the DS conduit box type socket. The w ire m a n . other section is an absolute twin. Just another ingenious addition and they get to. to the DS Fused gether as shown Plug and Socket b e lo w . r a n g e .

Announcement o f D S Plugs Ltd., Manchester - London - G lasg o w . EIM47

I If you require Cotton, Silk or Enamel covered copper wires . . . ÿ ’Phone: Prospect 1032 (3 lines). Wire: “ Encosil, Richmond, Surrey” | S' ' ' £ o r Write t o : I KENT BROS. ELECTRIC WIRE CO. & E. H. PHILLIPS LTD. | ?v KEW WORKS, MORTLAKE ROAD, KEW GARDENS, RICHMOND, SURREY \ s ' I O u r Byword is Service |

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 MAY 1947 1431

NO. 4 OF THE ( Q g \ $ ) DITTIES

^C-HE shades of night w ere falling fast

W hen through an Alpine village passed

A youth who, to the mountains high,

U ttered this most mysterious cry

“ Try DATIM ! ”

“ You’ve got it wrong I ” the old man cried,

But still that clarion voice replied

“ Try DATIM ! ”

Heed his advice all ye who use

Press-work, turned parts, inserts or screws : You can’t go wrong if you agree T IM M IN S I? To bring your needs to D & T — Head Office: BILLET RD., WALTHAMSTOW LONDON, E. 17 “ Try DATIM ! ” Phone: Larkswood 2313 (6 lines)

FOR RADIOLOGICAL WORK

A unique electronic instrument for research and routine testing in Hospital Radium and X-ray Therapy Departments. '0 0 * * ^ It has an input impedance of iol<> ohms, and an input capacity of less than o.S-u-uF. Developed primarily for use in Radio­ * logical work, where small condensers of the Steven type are used VOLTAGE RANGES extensively for the measurement of gamma and X-ray intensities. 0-5 0 Fully descriptive leaflet supplied on request. 0 - 100 0-250 BALDWIN INSTRUMENT CO. LTD. A.C. MAINS London Office: grand buildings, Trafalgar square, w.c.2 OR BATTERY Telephone: Whitehall 3736 IForfcs.- DARTFORD, KENT

30 M A Y ¡947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1432 ARON METERS

IN A S CREAT DEMAND AS EVER

The Registered Trade Mark on Ashley Electrical Accessories is a guarantee of reliability and of quality second to none. It is regretted that supplies are still far short of customers, tequirements, but output is being distributed in strict fairness to all. As the raw material situation improves, delays and shortages will be eliminated.

m T R A D E M A R K

ASHLEY ACCESSORIES LTD. O ihutufcutiiiAjiTcs & / CfectTdcoJt C ucccssoiies ULVERSTON " iLANCASHIRE »ur.smoP

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1433

a n t \ t 'e S •

ill m etallic madc fro® small your a to o lin g substantial

Oar Boat O pen marine-type switchboard c ontrolling three 200 kW generators and circuits and incorporating Dorman XL air- break circuit breakers and Dorman "F " type switches as Installed on the L.N.E. Railway's no w cargo liner S.S. Arnhem (John Brown & Co., Ltd.) DORMAN & SMITH LTD. • MANCHESTER • LONDON • GLASGOW E2J47

:o M A Y 1941 THE ELECTRICIAN 1434 SITUATIONS VACANT MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS FIRST GARDEN CITY LIMITED. rpHE following vacancies are open:— TENDERS CITY OF BIRMINGHAM ELECTRIC SUPPLY (a) SHIFT CHARGE ENGINEER, lor DEPARTMENT. generating station, N.JJB. conditions, G rade 8, Class F, commencing salary Specification D.E.140—One 20-MVA 32/11-kV £442 p.a. Outdoor O.N. Type 3-phase Transformer. (b) RELIEF SHIFT CHARGE ENGINEER, as IIE Electric Supply Committee invites above. Grade 8a, Class F. commencing T tenders for the supply and delivery oi the salary £413 p.a. above mentioned equipment. . (c) ENGINEERING TRAINEES with H.N.C. The General Conditions of Contract (which in - electrical and/or mechanical include the Corporation’s usual Fair Wages engineering to receive two years' inten­ and Conditions of Labour Clause), Specifics sive practical training in generation. tion and Form of Tender may be obtained Details upon request. on application to the undersigned, accom­ Applications in writing to the undersigned panied bv a deposit of Two Pounds which not later than June 3, 1947. will be returned on receipt, by the appointed W. A. BROWN, time, of a bona fide tender not subsequently Electrical Engineer and Manager. withdrawn. Cheques to be made payable to Works Road, Letch.worth, the City of Birmingham Electric Supply HERTFORDSHIRE. Department. üLECTRONIC Engineer required by old Sealed tenders, enclosed in the official enve­ established firm of Paper Converters in lope provided and endorsed for the purpose, Liverpool, mainly in connection with the must be delivered to the undersigned not registering of print and paper through rotary later than 10 a.m. on Tuesday, 1st July, 1847, presses, flame proof equipment, special drives, when tliev will be opened. Non-complying etc. Only those fully qualified and under 45 tenders will be rejected. The Committee does years of age should apply. Full assistance not bind itself to accept the lowest or any with removal, housing, etc. Excellent pros­ pects.—W rite Gregory’s of Liverpool Ltd.. 9, F. W. LAWTON. Grafton Street, London, W.l. Chief Engineer and Manager. 14, Dale End, \rOUNG man required for Lancashire as BIRMINGHAM, 4. ‘■outside representative of well-known Com­ May, 1947. pany of Manufacturers in the electrical industry. Experience of the industry, or ALE BY TENDER BY JOHN SULLEY selling experience, essential. Applicants S AND SONS of MODERN PLASTIC ELEC­ must live in area. Apply by letter stating TRICAL AND FANCY GOODS. " LACEY age, experience, to Box PK. 622, Deacons HULBERT” SPRAYING PLANT, Pedestal Advertising, 36, Leadenhall Street. E.C.3 Desks, Filing Oabinets, Typewriter Chairs and numerous other items, IN 14 TENDERS, which XPERIENCED Drawing Office Personnel for have been removed for convenience of Sale E automobile and aircraft electrical wiring to Mitchells Depository. 22. Hilda Road systems, cable assemblies, junction boxes, (Mostyn Road), Brixton Road, S.W.9. Sche­ terminations.—Ward & Goldstone Ltd., Samp­ dule, Particulars and Conditions of:—The son Works, Frederick Road, Manchester 6. Liquidator, N. G. Randall, Esq., A.S.A.A.. ‘C'NGINEER required, West Middlesex Area, M essrs. A lb ert A. H enley a n d Co., 19/20, Gros- ‘-'to take charge of Steam and Diesel Electric venor Place, SAV.l, or JOHN SULLEY AND Generating Plant, knowledge of Boilers, -SONS, Auctioneers. 46. CANNON .STREET. Electrical Equipment and Steam Heating E.C.4. TEL. CITY' 2251 and 5503. VIEW DAY. Plant essential.—Apply Box L.E.U., “ TlIE Monday. 9th June, 1947. TENDERS must be ELECTRICIAN,” 154, F leet S tre et, London, E.C.4. received a t the offices, 46. Cannon Street, not later than noon on the 11th June, 1947. SITUATION WANTED Catalogues 2d. each. -p'LECTRICIAN, aged 27, with 13 years’ ex- ‘-'perience in all types of electrical installa­ SITUATIONS VACANT tion and maintenance work, with wide COUNTY COUNCIL OF THE STEW ARTRY OF experience of conduit installations, desires KIRKCUDBRIGHT. post as maintenance electrician in any APPLICATIONS ARE INVITED for the branch of industry.—Box L.E.V., “ TlIE ' ‘-appointment of Surveyor/Draughtsman— ELECTRICIAN,” 154, F leet S tre et, London, E.C.4. Electricity Department—Salary Scale £330 SITUATION FILLED rising to £375 (APT 1) plus bonus £60. The appointment is subject to the Scheme BEDFORD CORPORATION ELECTRICITY of Conditions of Service made by the National UNDERTAKING. Joint Industrial Council for Local Authority nPlIE position of Mains Assistant has now Services in Scotland (Administrative, etc., ‘ been filled. The applicants are informed Staff's). The appointment will be super­ : and thanked. annuate,, and the successful oandidate will The successful candidate was Mr. E. C. he required to pass a medical examination. Cooper, of the Sheffield Corporation. Applicants should have had previous ex­ perience of Electricity Department Drawing BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Office work, including the keeping of mains i C OEMCO UTD., Fluorescent Lighting records, must be able to carry out profile ° Specialists, wish to contact manufacturers surveys for overhead lines by theodolite or of electrical equipment and accessories, in- level, and should be capable of taking charge ] eluding Domestic and Industrial Lighting of a small drawing office. Switches, all “ Original” and "Improved Applications, stating age. qualifications and electrical appliances. Fluorescent Tubes, experience, with copies of not more than Fittings and Components, both Domestic and three recent testimonials, should be lodged Industrial, of particular interest. Where with the undersigned not -later than 18th possible oomplete output will be taken and JU N E . 1947. | fuU co-operation given in exchange for sole ROBT. C. MONTEATH. distribution rights. .Replies will be treated County Clerk. with strictest confidence. — Managing County Offices. Director, Soemco Ltd-. Scemco House. 6/7. KIRKCUDBRIGHT. Soho Street. London. WJ. THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1435 FOR SALE FOR SALE ATTRASSES (Switch Blocks).—Wholesale gPECIAL OFFER of Government surplus P and Retail. .Round, Square and Rect­ angular. Well finished I.W. and W.B. from new timber window sashes: Size 4 ft. by seasoned hardwood. last Free. Samples 5s.— 4 ft., 21s. e a c h ; 4 ft. 6 in. b y 4 ft., 23s. 6d. each. Elf Manufacturing Co., Dept. E., 9a, Sansome Place, Worcester. Less 5 per cent, for fifty or more, 10 per o n n ELECTRIC Motoi-3 in stock, from 1 hjp. cent, for one hundred or more. Carriage 4 ” ” to 25 h.p. State requirements—Victa Engineering Co., Maidhenhead. 'Phone 50. paid: cash with order. These are made of IN. gap bed screwcutting lathes, £38. 2- in. by 2 in. deal, ill three sections with ° 2 Brand new. 25 available for immediate centre window opening with casement. Not delivery. Also 6 w ith h h.p. motors. Specification on request.—Victa .Engineering glazed.—D. McMaster and Co., 21c, Mount Co., Maidenhead, Berks. 'Phone 50. Bures Works, near Colchester. 1 1 C-VOLT B.C. input 9.6 amps. 1.10-volt A.C. ‘ ‘ '-'output 60 cycles, 4.5 amps., .5 kilowatt. Complete with A.C. Voltmeter. voltage JUNCTION Electric Irons, superior design regulator and rotary "on" and "off ** and quality, supplied with suitable stand. switch. (Latter needs attention.)—Charles Also Junction Nickel plated Torch Cases. Alexander and Co. Ltd., 74, Portsmouth Road, Supplied for home trade and export. Also Surbiton, Surrey. large selection of household electrical 0-1—230 volt I phase 50 cycles Capacitor Start appliances, Fires, Radiators, other electric •“^Motors with Condenser Jth hj>., 1450 Irons. Toasters. Table liamns. Torch cases, r.p.m. — Oldfield Engineering Company Drv batteries, etc. Vacuum Cleaners, various Limited, 96, East Ordsall Lane, Salford. 5. makes, Fluorescent fittings good variety with TRONOLAD SWITCHPLUGS—15 ampere 3 pin" fluorescent tubes, wash boilers, actually in ‘ surface with 3 in. conduit entry. £1 each stock. Please write for full list.—Brooks & complete. Add 6d. each for post and packing. Bohm, Ltd., 90, Victoria Street, London, S.W.l. Limited number only. PENCIL TYPE ELE­ Tele.: Vic. 9550/.1441. MENTS, complete with dural screwed on end LMH SHEETS—Our stock-printed Time caps a n d te rm in a ls, 200/220 or 230/250 volt T Sheets are remarkably cheap oompared 1 000 watts, 10 in. 4s. 6d, each, 12 in. Is. Sd. each with specially printed ones. On decent Adjustable 10 in./12 in. 5s. each. Add 6d. each q u a lity 8 in. by 10 in. paper:—100, 3s. 6d .; for single samples. Dozens and over post free 500, 15s.; 1000, £1 7s. 6d. Post Free. Send for Special quotations for quantities.—Pruden and . sample.—F. H. Brown Ltd., P.O. Box 26, Pope. 38, Church Road, Upper Norwood. Burnley, Lancs. London. S.E.19. Telephone: Livingstone 1426. 'TINNED STEEL ARMATURE BINDING OR SALE.-iP.V.C. Sheathed Cables— ‘ WIRE.—All even numbered sizes from 16 F Screened Copper Wire Braided and Poly­ i.w.g.-28 s.w.g. supplied from Btook on 7 lb., th e n e Core. C onductors from 1/.022 to 7/.032. : 14 lb. or 28 lb. reels. „ Also Lead Sheathed Solid Polythene with FREDERICK SMITH & CO. W IRE Single Conductors and semi-air-spaced’ Poly. MANUFACTURERS LTD., CALEDONIA Spider Copper Wire Braided and P.V.C. WORKS. HALIFAX. Sheathed. Large quantities, new condition.— T IGIIT ALLOY SHEETS available in large Box L.E.W.. “ THE 'ELECTRICIAN," 154, Fleet ‘-'quantities for immediate delivery ex-stock S treet, London, E.C.4. in all gauges from 6 ft. b y 2 ft. to 8 f t. b y A A n VOLTS 3 phase 50 cycles Squirrel (-age ; 4 ft. from Is. 6d. to 2s. per lb.: also Light Motors. Flange Mounted, Alloy Tubes, Bars, Strip, Coils, Angles, etc. fitted with ball and roller bearings, screen —Box L.E.N., " THE ELECTRICIAN," 154, F leet protected type, 6 off.—Crom-Park, 2 h.p. S treet, L ondon, E.C.4. 960 r.p.m. 4 off-H.E.C., 2 h.p., 960 r.p.m.—Old­ l e c t r i c m o t o r s , a .o . a n d d .o . w e field Engineering Company Limited, 96, East j E supply all types and sizes of Electrical Ordsall Lane, Salford, 5. Machinery—Slow Speed Reduction GearB can WITCHES,—BxrM in. Toggle 250 volt • be supplied to customers’ requirements with S Through switches by ARROW. 200 avail­ short deliveries. Send your enquiries to able at 4s. each.—Modern Electrical Industries The Eleotro Power Co. Ltd. (formerly Be- Ltd., Sidcun. Be, Eng.), 3, Retreat Close, Kenton, Middlesex. A DAPTORS.—Combined Plug and Lamp Tel.: WORdsworth 4928. •'‘ ■adaptors. 18 dozen available at Is. 5d._each. W HY not assemble your own Fluorescent —Modern Electrical Industries Ltd.. Sidcup. Yi Fittings? We can supply 5 ft. Troughs, TP LEOTRIC HOIST BLOCKS, capacity 5-cwt. Chokes. Power-Factors, Suppressors, Starters, " to 7 tons. Reasonable delivery.—A Morgan Lamp Holders, etc., at a special all-in price, and Co., 50, Wilkin Street, London, N.W.5. or separately. 5 ft. and 4 ft. Fittings com­ ’Phone: GUL. 1147. plete with tubes at a keen price. Write, call 4 1 txKLIABLE" Thermostats for Rooms, or 'phone L. Goodman (Radio) .Ltd., 9, Percy ‘‘■Greenhouse, etc. A.C., D.C., wire, plugs Street, Tottenham Court Road, W.l. MUSeum a n d w arn in g lam p h o ld er fitted. 45s., post paid (registered).—Reliable Thermostat Co., ^AMPSHADES. Modern designs, beautifully 167. Wickersley Road, Rotherham, Yorks. L executed at attractive prices. Generous A TEAS lamps from stock, delivery In London, trade terms. Agents wanted.—Thanet Indus­ “ ■Surrey, Sussex and Kent: other lines in- tries (Kent), Clarence Road, Ramsgate. olude clocks, toasters, fires, Irons, kettles, fans, fittings, ohargers, speakers, etc.—Drubel D Y N A M O & MOTOR REPAIRS LTD., Radio Distributors, Ltd., 39a. Stafford Road, Wembley Park, Middlesex. Oroydon. Croydon 1107. , Telephone: Wembley 3121 (4 lines). T RATHER FINGER STALLS.—Made of Also at Phcenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, ■‘-'Chrome Hide. Very strong and hard Soho Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. wearing. Length 3 in. Price 4«. per doz. Telephone: Northern 0898. Prompt delivery. Sample on application.— Willson Brothers, Industrial Clothing Manu­ REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS. facturers. Ensom. Surrev. Long deliveries can often be avoided by pur­ 1 —WESTENGHOUSE Slip Ring Induction chasing rebuilt secondhand plant. We can 1 Motor, 400 volts 3 phase 50 cycles, 120 h.p.. redesign or replace surplus -plant of any size. 205 r.p m., with Control Gear.—Oldfield SEND US YOUR. ENQUIRIES. Engineering Company Limited, 96, East OVER 1000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK Orclsall Lhne, Salford, 5. HERE. 30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1436 FOR SALE FOR SALE T A TYT1PT? Q Trestles, Steps and Hand S ACKS and Bags in excellent condition for L /lIH /L IvO j Carts from Ramsay and all commodities, as low as 4}d. eaoh. 'Write: Sons (Forfar) Ltd., Forfar. John Braydon Ltd., 230, Tottenham Conrt UBBER STAMPS can assist in many ways. Bond, W.l. Tel. No.: Museum 6972. R Are yours satisfactory and in good con­ .C./D.C. Motors can he supplied from stock dition? W. L. Bonghton. maker of all A or at short notice.—JOHN PHILLIPS AND kinds. 53, Kenley Road, Merton, London, CO. ELECTRICS, 31, F o rtu n e G reen Koad, S.W.19. N.W.6. Hampstead 8132. RITISH Electric Co. (Beco) Ltd., can supply SALES BY AUCTION B most types of A.C. and D.C. Motors from stock.—British Electric Co. (Beco) Ltd., G. R. E le ctra H ouse, 25/29, Low er R oad, R o th erh ith e, S.E.16. B erm ondsey 3449. .C. Motors. One 50 li.p., Laurence Scott, BY ORDER OF THE MINISTER OF SUPPLY. A 400/3/50, S.O.. 960 r .p jn .; one 36 h.p., G.E.C.. W ithout Reserve. 400/440/3/50, S.C., 1450 r.p.m ., w ith O .I.S.; one THE M INISTRY OF SUPPLY DEPOT, No. 123, 30 h.p. V erity, 415/3/50, S.C.. 720 rjp.m ., w ith NORTON FITZWARREN, NEAR TAUNTON. s ta rte r , one 30 h.p., N ew ton 415/3/50. S.C., (Within 2 miles of the centre of Taunton.) 970 r.p.m., with O.I.S.; one 25 h.p., Verity, 415/3/50, S.C., 720 r.p.m ., w ith s ta r te r ; one SALE BY AUCTION 01 7.5 h.p., C rom pton, 400/440/3/50, S.C., 940 r.p.m ., ELECTRIC MOTORS. GENERATORS, ELEC­ with OX starter and side rails; one 300-amp., TRIC CABLING AND WIRING, 400-volt Ellison O.I. Circuit Breaker; one 25- FLOOD LAMPS AND OTHER ELECTRICAL li.p. Star/Delta Starter, E.A.C.—A. W. Barker EQUIPMENT. and Co. Ltd., Colnhrook, Slough. Rhone: FIELD TESTING UNITS. LARGE QUANTlTi Colnbrook 140. HOSING, ItEFOCUS Projector Lamps, 10 to 110 volts, RUBBER SHEETS, WATER CARRIERS, P 100 to 1500 watts, brand new, ex-Govt., .DINGHY'S, NAILS, RIVETS, SCREWS. ring makes at less than half list prices. Also AVIATION GOGGLES. PLATFORM AND one million ditto Lamps, various types, 2 OTHER WEIGHING MACHINES, PORTABLE to 230 volts, various wattages and caps. ENGINE STANDS, Send for list or state your requirements; we INNER 'TUBES. WHEEL HUBS, TOOL BOXES p ro bablv have it. E xam ple, 80-v., 1 500-w. P re r AND CABINETS, FIELD MAINTENANCE focus. 10s„ p o st fre e (20 000 in stock). L arge TENTS AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS enquiries invited, special prices.—Auto Col­ STORES. lections Ltd.. 126, St. Albans Avenue, Bedford FORKIIFTS, TUGS AND 3 MOTOR VEHICLES. P ark . W.4. Tel. Chiswick 1601. AUCTIONEERS: Q ELF-PRIMING ELECTRIC PUMPS.-300 W. R. J. GREENSLADE AND CO., F. L. ^g.p.h. £14 5s.—John E. Steel, Clyde Mills, HUNT AND SONS, A. W. PARKER AND CO. Bingley. 'Phone 1066. (Fellowe of the Auctioneers' and Estate PLUORESCENT lighting fittings, 4 ft., 40 Agents’ Institute), watt, Flush and Trough completewith tubes Acting in conjunction. and guaranteed control gear from stock.— SALE DAYS: TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, Apply:—Scemco Ltd., Scemco House, 6/7, Soho THURSDAY AND FRIDAY, JUNE 10th, 11th , S treet, L ondon, W .l. GBR, 1461/2/3. 12th and 13th, and on luorescent lig h t in g.-chokes; extra TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17th F quality, elongated, 4 ft., 40 W, tapped 200/250 and 18th, V, silent working, each unit guaranteed, At 11 o’clock punctually each day. measurement* IB in. by 18 in. by 84 in. Price VIEW DAYS: THURSDAY. FRIDAY AND £1 5s. eaoh net. Carriage extra.—Write MONDAY, JUNE 5th, 6th a n d 9th, from 10.a.m . Scemco Ltd., Scemco House, 6/7, Soho Street, to 3 p.m. L ondon, W A T el.: GER. 1461/2/3. AND ON SALE DAY’S from 9 a.m. to F luorescent lkkhttng.—Daylight ami 10.30 a.m . Warm White. 30 watt fittings complete CATALOGUES: Price 6d., may be obtained with self-contained control gear and 36 in. from the Auctioneers:— tubes. Immediate delivery with guaranteed W. R. J. Greenslade and Co., 3, Hammet component and tube replacement service.— Street, Taunton (Tel.: 2601), Apply Scemco Ltd., Scemco House, 6/7, Soho F. L. Hunt and Sons. 9, Hammet Street, S treet, Ijondon. W .l. T el.: GER. 1461/2/3. Taunton (Tel.: 2743), and P LUORESCENT LIGHTING. - Write for A. W. Parker and Co., 53, East Street, f details of our amazing OUTDOOR UNIT. Taunton (Tel.: 2101). Guaranteed weatherproof with rubber insu­ Applicants for Catalogues-.—Please mark lated unbreakable glass covering with 1 1 2 o r envelopes M.O.S. 3 tubes. Ideal for garages, sports_ stadiums, ADMISSION WILL BE BY' CATALOG!/ K wharfs, eto.—Apply, Scemco Ltd;, Scemco ONLY. House, 6/7. Soho Street, London, W.l. Tel.: GER. 1461/2/3. pLUORBSQENT FITTINGS. — Trough or REPAIRS I Flush type fitted " Constead ” or Hi-Craft R UNBAKEN ELECTRICAL REPAIRS.—He- Ballast control gear, complete with tubes. •“ •winding to trade. Fractional h.p. motors Delivery from stock.—Apply:—Scemco Ltd.. a speciality, a.o. and d.o. Prompt service. Scemco House. 6/7, Soho Street, London, W.l. Guaranteed work.—45, Oxford Road, Man­ T el.: GER. 1461/2/3. chester. Tel.: ARD. 2507 (3 lines). pLUORBSOENT FITTINGS. - Fluorescent yiOOKERS.—We can give good deliveries of wise from Scemco buys. For details of '-JSheet Metal Vitreous Enamelled Electrio Fittings. Control Gear and accessories. Send Cooker parts.-JOHN KING & SON (ENAMEL- Tor our Comprehensive List price pamphlet. LERS), LTD., PYRO WORKS, CHESTERFIELD. Generous discounts to Exporters. Wholesalers, P hone: 5305. and Trade. Apply:—Scemco Ltd.. Scemco House, 6/7. Soho Street, London. W.l. Tel.: PATENT AGENTS GER. 1461/2/3. , . MEWBURN, ELLIS & CO., I-UNI.—The New Push-Button Flush-Fitting rATENTS. DESIGNS AND TRADE HARKS. B Domestic Switch. Wholesale Enquiries 70 & 72, Chancer/ Lane, London, W.C.2. Only. Send for details—Scemco Ltd., Grams: "Patent, London." 'Phone: Holborn 0437 (2 lines) Scemco House, 6/7, Soho Street, London, W.l. And at—NEWCASTLE : 3, St. Nicholas Bulldlnit. T el.: GER. 1461/2/3. THE ELECTRICIAN ,?0 M A Y 1947 1437 WANTED AGENCIES rpKE Calcutta Engineering Co. (India) Ltd.. T AMPHOLDSRS, bakelite or brass, cord grip * P.O. Box No. 598, Calcutta, desire agencies -’- 'a n d 4 in. plug bases, 5 and 15 amp., 2- and and invite offers from manufacturers and 5-pin; plug beads, 5 amp. 2-pin.—Quotations exporters of Electrical Household Appliances. and delivery dates to Frank O. Hitching, 429, Radios, Wires and Cables, Electric Light Stanil'orth Road, Sheffield, 9. Fittings and Accessories, Electric Motors. .C. MOTOltS, all sizes and voltages, best Our hankers are The Eastern Bank Ltd., Cal­ A prices offered.—JOHN PHILLIPS AND CO. cutta and London. Trade reference: Messrs. ELECTRICS, 31, Fortune Green Road, Hamp­ W. H. Jones and Co. (London) Ltd., " Rusper," stead, N.W.6. Hampstead 8132. Barnet, Herts, England. TTRGENTLY wanted, A.C., 3-phase, 50-period, V/ELL-KN OWN and influential importing Vs 2-speed Induction Motors, 5/5 h.p., 1 430/730 ’ ' house having very good connections and a rjj.m . a n d 10/10 h.p., 1 430/730 r.p.m ., for 415, vast field of clientele desires sole representa­ 380 and 220-volt circuits. Protected enclosure tion of all electrical goods. Please contact preferred, but other enclosures considered. Vyas Brothers, Post Box 2036, 33, Nanabhal -W . E. Sykes Ltd., Staines. Tel. Staines 978. Lane, Ohurohgate Street, BOMBAY. TTltGBNTLY wanted, A.C., 3-phase, 50-period '-'Induction MotorB, 4 h.p., at 935 r.p.m„ and 3 h.p. at 1 430 r.p.m., for 415, 380 and 220-volt EXPORT. circuits.—W. E. Sykes Ltd., Staines. Tel. London Firm of Exporters with World­ Staines 978. wide connections, solicits enquiries .C. MOTORS, 1-100 h.p., 500-1 500 r.p.m . Any from Manufacturers. A make fitted with ball and roller type bear­ ings. Must be good machines, suoh as you Communications to— yourselves would buy. Alternatively motors SILVAN TRADING COMPANY LTD., tor rewinding will be considered.—Oldfield 7 a n d 8. F o re st Lane, L ondon, E.15. Engineering Co., Ltd., 96, East Ordsall Lane, Salford. 5. LECTRICAL steel sheet or laminations of NOTICE E reputable make, .014 in. to .020 in. thick will be purchased for cash in any quantity by ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERS’ Davenset Electrical Works, Leioester. ASSOCIATION. A N unlimited number of modem A.O. motors NOTICE. "urgently required for essential work. BRIG-HOUSE. Highest caBh prices paid for suitable units. Appointment of Deputy Electrical Engineer. We also want all types of motors for con­ rT’iLE Electrical Power Engineers’ Association version and rewinding. Send details to Sales x desires to point out that the post of Dept., A. P. Watson, 104, Upper Brook Street, Deputy Electrical Engineer, Borough of Manchester, 13. Brighouse has not been advertised in accor­ dance with the National Joint Board Agree­ WORK WANTED ment, nor at the appropriate salary rate. ALL .ENGINEERS, WHETHER ENGAGED ■DILLHEADS, Letterheads, Business Cards IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY -*-*250 5s.—Geo. Hankins, Dept. E., Queen’s OR NOT. ARE REQUESTED NOT TO APPLY Road. Horsham, Walton-on-Tnames, Surrey. FOR THE POST. T>BWiNDS and repair. Motors and electrio IF AN APPLICATION HAS BEEN MADE -"■tools rewound and repaired. Guaranteed ALREADY IT SHOULD BE WITHDRAWN. work and prompt service. 'Phone, FOR. 3397. J. F. WALLACE, —C. A. Penny (Eiec. Engineers), 43, Benson General Secretary, Road, Forest Hill, S-E53. Electrical Power Engineers’ Association. VACUUM CLEANER REWINDING SERVICE, * commutators and Bearings. Prompt AUCTIONEERS AND VALUERS delivery and full guarantee.—Thomas Ander­ son, 117. Bowes Street, Blyth. Northumber­ RICHARDS & PARTNERS, land. ’Phone: Blyth 405. P RESSED METAL PRODUCTS (LEIOESTER), Auctioneers and Valuers of Middleton Street, Aylestone, Leicester, PLANT AND MACHINERY AND have capacity for light press work and would be pleased to receive your enquiries, INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY, for which a quoted price will be given to your drawing and specification. Granville House, Arundel Street, A RMATURE Rotor, Stator and Coil Rewind- London, W .C.2 "in g . any size—J. E. Fowler, 241, Kirkgate. Telephone: TEMple Bar 747I. Wakefield. Tel. 3948. OIL winding capacity available.—Modern C Armature and Coil Winding Co. Ltd., Lip- hook, Hants V-A.C. armatures rewound, 27s. 6d., 12 days’ BRITISH CORK MILLS LTD., ' delivery.-Home Electric Services, 12, Cromer Grove, Keighley, Yorks. 167, Victoria Street, ARMATURE rewinds.—Speciality, vacuum London, S.W .l. "cleaners, r.-grams, small motors, dryers, CORK electrio tools; fields; keen prices; prompt ser­ vice: guaranteed work.—Send sae. for list to A.D.S. Co., 261-315, Lichfield Road, Ashton. Phone: V icto ria 1414/6. 7913 Rirnungham, 6.

m m i Taylor Tunn icliffIn su lators Taylor Tvnmcliff & Co., i.tdEastwood Hanley, Staffordshire. Lotulon Office: 126, Hiuh I/olOorn. London. W.Q L Tel.: Holborn 19&T2.

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN flV E lw dm m \ \ \ V ' ill//

It’s quite true ! Five heaters In one ! A variable heat control lever pre­ selects the heat required— -330 w, 500 w, I kw, 2 k w , o r 3 k w s. C a n be used In the centre of a room with perfect safety, and will effectively heat a large or small room. Full details can be obtained from the Manufacturers. w Til m THE COMPTON ENGINEERING CO., LTD., Minerva Rd., North Acton, London, N.W.IO. Telephone : Elgar 6666. EBONITE & R ES I LON LAMINATED BAKELISED MATERIAL INSULATION

RAW MATERIAL IN SHEETS, RODS AND TUBES 0 R MACHINED, TURNED, CUT AND DRILLED TO DRAWINGS Apply

UHLHORN BROS. LTD. 53. CITY ROAD LONDON, E.C.I CLERKENWELL 2333-4

ESTABLISHED 1887

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 VERY USEFUL EX-GOVT. STEEL AMMUNITION BOXES ...... Drayton “ RQ ” motors are available unidirectional Size 2iè' long, 9i" or reversing, with or without self-switching tot wide, 9i ' deep* io o /i i o or 200/250 volts A.C. Splendid for Too FINAL SHAFT SPEEDS: Packing, Stores, etc. Reversing Max 600 R.P.M. 27 min. per rev. Unidirectional Max 280 R.P.M. 60 min. per rev. 7 /6 each TORQUE: Reversing 60 lbs. in. max. "R ef. B.167" Unidirectional 37 lbs. In. max. Samples by post plus is ./2d.each;in quan­ Typical applications ¡—Operating valves, dampers tities the rate by rail or rheostats actuating Geneva movements for is reasonable. Terms drum type switches, rocking baths, work movement,' Nett cash with order, e.g. soldering and welding fixtures, continuous carriage extra. Many turning, feed of light strip under process. thousands available ft om stock. Immediate delivery. Send for List No. 302-1 A ______We have a large stock of steel boxes, various sizes, send for lists WM. HURLOCK, JNR., LTD., DRAYTON REGULATOR & INSTRUMENT CO. LTD. High Street, - Thames Ditton, - Surrey. WEST DRAYTON Wilt Drayton : 6 n MIDDLESEX

• Wedged Contacts giving the equivalent of a BOLTED JOINT from busbar to circuit cable socket. 0 Elimination of overheating, preventing premature blow­ ing of fuses. • Contact pressure up to half- a-ton. • Instantaneous replacement of cartridge without tools. Write us for full details. DONOVANS THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL C° L™ BIRMINGHAM 9 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS AND STOCKHOLDERS /Vowf-STEcHtono 2277 (P.0.X.) Boams-OONOVAN.Bihmingham jo M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1 4 «

CONTACT

Designers and manufacturers of Vacuum Cleaners and other Domestic Electrical equipment realise that most service troubles are caused by faulty switches. The range of toggle switches offered by A. B. Metal Products supplies the remedy to this problem. Built to withstand years of ardous service. A.B. Switches definitely constitute a safe contract for good contact—the last word in reliability_

PRODUCTS LTDJ

HATTON WORKS, CREAT SOUTH WEST RD., FELTHAM Telephone : Feltham 2865

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 ESTABLISHED 1861

Bouverie House - 154 Fleet Street - London EC 4 Telegrams : “benbrotric flee t London” Telephone : cen tra l 3212 (12 lines)

Editor: Stanley G . R attee, A .M .I.E.E. Publisher and Manager: John V estey

Number 3598 30 MAY 1947 Vol CXXXVIII No. 20 c o n t e n t s Training Executives Views on Current Affairs ...... 1 4 4 1 \ 1 H IILE it is not suggested that Switehgear Developments ...... 1 4 4 4 W training for m anagem ent by follow - Raok Reviews - 1 4 4 6 ing certain courses of study w ould in all cases result in the attainm ent of execu- Thk Paris Pair ' tive rank, the report of the Unvick II.T. Cable Testing ...... 1 4 4 8 Com m ittee on Education for M anage- OverSeas Trade ...... 1 4 5 2 ment, published by the Stationery ,,, . . , 1453 Office, contains recommendations which, Electrical Personalities ...... 4 o-i ,f ao¿ d ^ would bring about a co- Illuminating Engineers 0 ordination of the requirem ents- needed Junior Boards of Management ...... 1 4 5 5 for professional status, while at the Organisation of Industrial Research 1 4 5 7 sam e tim e perm itting specialisation in the Speed Control of D.C. Motors ...... 1 4 5 8 later stages of training. 7 \ 3 urq There are, according to the report, In Parliament ...... s o m e 1 9 professional bodies in this Electricity Bill in Committee ...... 1 4 6 0 country and so long as m ost require Starting Marine Auxiliaries 1 4 6 1 their ow n syllabuses, m ultiplication of Equipment and Appliances...... 1 4 6 2 courses in our technical schools and . tart colleges must result. To overcome the Electricity Supply ‘ difficulty, the Unwick Committee sug- Loan Authorisations ...... 1 4 6 4 gest die introduction of a common Industrial Information ...... 1 4 6 5 syllabus for all professional bodies w ith , , . , 1 4 6 8 as large a-com m on m anagem ent content Contracts Open ...... ^ p0¿ lble and with specialised demands Company News ...... reduced to a minimum. The adoption Commercial Information ...... 1 4 7 2 (Jj- ¿ucb a m easure w ould release to an ______— appreciable extent the load imposed on . . . _ T A v m c o f f i c e ■ teaching staffs, and once the ground * Q Rirmineham common to all interests was covered, Daim‘r would allow of more freedom for T elephone: M idland! 0 7 8 4 specialised forms of study. SCOTTISH OFFICE: Progress in this form of training has 116, H ope street, Glasgow, C . 2 already been made in the United States, Telephone: Central 3 9 7 0 where also has been adopted a form of Thé office of th e E lectricianrare deudor'Saturday, tra;ni known as “ m ultiple-m anage- ,• « accordant K,lh r f e Fwe-day Wctk pi n dop d ^ raigmg young executives from SINGLE COPY^Cfridav); - - - 6 d. the personnel of any given firm. SINGL _ _ _ 8d Theoretical study alone cannot make an a n n u a l subscription executive, but a combination of both HOME AND OVERSEAS - - - 3 0 s. technical learning and practical m anage- 1442 ment, however junior, might well be reactions to all they have seen. As it worth a trial. The question of training is, the unfinished state of' the Fair at executives has been engaging the atten­ all the Press pre-views so far attended tion of the electrical industry for a long has been unsuitable for stimulating time, because with the highest technical favourable comment and Editors have standards set by the industry in had to rely upon the exhibitors furnish­ attem pts to capture export trade, and ing information in advance through because of the developments made channels in no way related to the Fair. during the war years in fields which are An improvement in the Press arrange­ relatively new—not only is the need for ments would not only permit further more executives greater, but the position publicity being given to the Fair, but is aggravated by the fact that between would, too, relieve exhibitors of many 1939 and recently, the industry was of the inquiries so generously answered denied access to a high percentage of the when put to them by .the teclmical personnel suitable for training in P r e s s . management. Neither the Urwick Electrical Exports Rising recommendations nor the multiple EVIDENCE that electrical exports management method may be the right have resumed the upward trend that answer to the problem but, we submit, was particularly marked last autumn, each is worthy of careful consideration. was contained in the Trade and Naviga­ The first is obtainable from the tion Accounts for April, the total value Stationery Office and the second is dealt being £5 778 944, the highest figure by with at some length in this issue. o v e r £200 000 registered for any month The Fair and the Press of- this year, and nearly £ 2{ m illio n NOW that the B.I.F. is over, .the atten­ more than the aggregate for April of tion of its promotors is drawn to the last year. The biggest jump was in the facilities afforded to the Press, so that value of shipments of generators from the arrangements in future years may £494 776 in March to £953 780, largely be more in keeping with those provided accounted for by purchases by the at the Continental fairs. It was custo­ Soviet Union of Russia, amounting to mary before the war to invite the Press £521 525, and by British India, value to see the Birmingham and London £184 229. Other notable increases were Sections of the Fair on the Friday prior in consignments of electric cables and to .the opening on the Monday, when wires with insulation other than rubber, the stands were far from complete. W ith accumulators, electrical instruments the resumption of the Fair this year it and parts, and X-ray apparatus and was hoped that the pre-opening view to vacuum tubes. The continued effects of which the Press were invited would the shut-down duo to the coal crisis in provide a picture more in keeping with February were reflected in decreases an exhibition of manufactured goods from the March totals in the exports of and less of a display of packing cases submarine and rubber-insulated cables, and boxes, but as the visit was again domestic radio receiving sets and valves, made throe days before the opening electric lamps, batteries, house service date, the confusion of pre-war Press meters, motors and other electrical views was repeated. machinery. Less cause for satisfaction may also be found in the fact that elec­ Lost Overseas Opportunity trical imports increased from £125 916 SUCH an arrangement as above is in April last year to £200 757, the disappointing to both exhibitors and greatest rises being in acceptances of trade and technical Press, for the electronic valves, furnace carbons and latter hope each year to be able electrical instrum ents. to include in the issues coinciding with the opening date of the Fair a compre­ Manufacturing in Australia hensive impression of what the Fair THE remarkable growth of the elec­ is like. Many of the journals under trical m anufacturing industry in A ustra­ such headings have appreciable overseas lia is indicated in a survey, entitled circulations and their readers abroad “ Electrical Machinery and Equipm ent,” expect to see in those issues coincident issued by the Commonwealth Bureau of with the opening of the Fair, the Editors’ Census and Statistics covering the ten

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1443 years 1934-35 to 1944-45, which shows U235, plutonium or U233, the artificial that the value of output has increased element derived from thorium, or by 440 per cent. In 1934-35, 280 fac­ whether the relatively abundant natural tories employing 7 100 persons had an uranium or thorium, perhaps enriched output valued at £3 822 000, and in with fissile material, could be used 1944-45 there were 475 factories employ­ instead. So far as public knowledge is ing 21 670 persons and with an output- concerned, the latter course remfdris a valued at £16 892 000. Of the total theoretical possibility only. There were value of the output for the last year of also many ' complex metallurgical the survey, £334 000 represented genera­ problems involved, in the solution of tors; £840 000 motors; £732 000 trans­ which, Sir W a l l a c e believed, this formers; £1 467 000 telephone and tele­ country was by no means backward, and graph equipment; and £1 134 000 the first atomic energy power plant- in starters. While this inevitable de­ the world-—in the U.S.A.—was not likely velopment m ust restrict the demand for to be in operation before 1949. comparable British products there re­ mains a considerable m arket for other Coal and Granite electrical goods, particularly heavy IF thcro could he traced from Sir motors, generating plant, switchgear, W a l l a c e ’s remarks a faint blueprint of locomotives and §o on. W ith regard to the type of pile with which the power domestic appliances and light industrial station engineer of the next generation equipment, British m anufacturers should is likely to be familiar, it would appear not be deterred by the volume of home to show a relatively small unit, employ­ production from introducing new and ing rods of “ enriched ” fuel encased in more efficient designs, for such still make aluminium tubes and using, probably, a strong appeal to Australian and New carbon as a moderator. As the licat- Zealand buyers. exchanging medium, some substance Atomic Speculations like liquid bismuth, with a high- rate of heat transfer and a low neutron-capture SINCE the publication of the now-classic cross-section, was likely to -be preferable “ Smyth Report ” on atomic energy and to water. Because of its relative the documents subsequently prepared abundance on the earth’s surface, for the United Nations Atomic Energy thorium had much to recommend it as Commission, the am ount of new informa­ the prime source of nuclear fuel. A t the tion on the subject made available to end of his lecture, Sir W a l l a c e p e r ­ those not actively engaged on official mitted himself a few speculations. The research has been very small. It is not, consumption of one kilo of fissile therefore, surprising that- speculations material, he said, was the equivalent, in have run further than the facts so far term s of heat, of 2 500 000 kilos of high- released strictly justify. A few weeks grade bituminous coal. Taking the out­ ago, for instance, a speaker at an elec­ put of British power stations as 50 000 trical function expressed the opinion that million kW h per annum, and an atomic all that stood between this country and pile efficiency of 27 per cent,, this energy the production of electric power from could be obtained from only 7f tons of nuclear piles on a large scale was the nuclear- fuel. Even granite contained problem of disposing of radioactive waste radioactive m aterial which, if it could bo material. That the design of an extracted, would give one ton of the rock economic heat-producing atomic pile has the . same calorific value as 40 tons of by no means reached this stage of coal. The quality of recent coal finality was suggested, last week, by Sir deliveries might suggest this latter fact W allace Akers, one of the leaders of to have been fully appreciated in some the British atomic energy project in the quarters, but, even so, power station early days of the recent- war. Sir engineers with memories of last February W a l l a c e , who was delivering the May will find the figures tempting. If when Lecture of the Institute of Metals, made Prof. J. D. C o c k r o f t rises to address it clear that one of the major factors determining the cheapness of electric the I.M.E.A. delegates at Bournemouth power gained from nuclear energy was next month he speaks on the same sub­ whether a working pile had to be fuelled ject, he can he assured of earnest entirely with fissile material, such as a t t e n t i o n . 3o M A Y 1947 THE ELECTR1CHN 1444

Sw itchgear D evelopm ents A Low Voltage Synchronous Circuit-Making Unit* By H. W. BAXTER, B.Sc.(Eng.), A.M.I.E.E.

( 1) Introduction.—The switch described possible source of inaccuracy, common to has been used mainly in connection with all switches of this type, may be caused model single pole tests on fuses, the current by “ hunting ” of the driving motor. Little trouble lias been experi­ enced from this source and on the relatively few- occasions when hunting has occurred it has been detected aurally from the variable pitch of the note and has usually ceased after a few seconds. To minimise contact bounce the lino of the lower contact surface (a-a in the diagram) is made to pass below the pivot L. The reason for this is that when the member K Fig. I.—-Illustrating the operative principle of reaches the stop M the upper contact is broughft to rest, and being restricted to a maximum value of il' the line a-a passed above the pivot L the about 1500 A r.m .s. at 240 V, but it could momentum would produce a counter-clock­ be adapted for other uses or to deal with wise turning moment which would tend to heavier currents and three-phase opera­ lift the contact. To avoid this the line a-a tio n . is arranged to pass through, or below the pivot L. In addition to this somo fric­ (2) Principle of Operation.—The layout tional damping is applied at tho pivot L of the switch is shown diagrammatically in by means of spring washers. Fig. 1. The shaft A, which carries a cam The catch N holds the rod P to the B, is driven by a synchronous motor. The right after the switch has tripped. It is cam causes the rod C to reciprocate, the not essential to the correct, working of the rod being held against the fnce of the cam by the 'spring D. The ball bearing E reduces friction and wear at the cam face. The tripping link F is normally held, by means of a light spring, just above the reciprocating rod C. The switch is tripped by energising the electromagnet Gf which attracts the link F, causing it to engage with the end of rod C which moves it, and the link H, to the right, thus allowing the contacts J to close. Tripping is effected when the axis of the cam is approximately vertical as the rod C is then moving at about its maximum velocity. As the link H is positively driven from the cam the performance of the device up to this point is very consistent. Changes ! in the contact separation will, however, cause a variation in the timing, as will F ig. 2 .— Commutator connections for checking changes in the friction of link K on its sense of synchronisation pivot. To reduce this possible source of variation to a minimum the contact switch, but serves to prevent rebound separation is kept, as small as practicable, which may cause an unpleasant rattle. the distance being about -¿J in. Another To change the point on wave at which the switch trips, the cam B is rotated on * Based on Report Ref. G Troo of the British Electric«! its shaft and clamped by means of a nut. and Allied Industries Research Association. A scale graduated in degrees is provided. -.•wj f This is energised from 230 V d.c. mains but it can (3) The Working Model.—The working be wound for any convenient voltage. model of the switch is shown in the photo­

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 194/ 1445

graph (Fig. 3) and in the scale drawing ting of moving parts, and those parts sub­ in F ig . 4. jected to much wear are case hardened. The 400 V 3 phase motor of { n.F. runs This applies especially to the ends of the at a speed of 3 000 r.p.m. It is of the rod C and the link F which arc subjected self synchronising! t , synchronous- induction type and can syn- chronise in two positions differ­ ing by 180s. This slight disad­ vantage is overcome by mounting a rectifying commutator on the motor shaft which rectifies the output from a small 4 V trans­ former which is applied to a •centre reading moving coil volt­ meter. as shown in Fig. 2. The pointer will then deflect to one side or the other, according to the sense in which the motor syn­ chronises, and if the sense is wrong the motor control switch is momentarily opened and re- closcd—a process which does not usually need to be repeated more than two or three times to obtain Fig- the desired sense of synchronisa­ tio n . to the force of impact when the switch is tr ip p e d . (4) Consistency of Performance.—I t w as hoped that the switch would repeat with Maintenance seems to bo quite nominal a tolerance of +3°. Actually, the per­ and the switch has recently operated two formance is rather better than this, the hundred times without attention, apart

Fig. 4.— Scale drawing of synchronous circuit - making switch

variation in repeat tests usually being from setting the cam to the appropriate w ith in ± 2 °. The temperature of the “ point on wave.” laboratory in which it is housed does not if As this type of motor is made by relatively few firms fluctuate widely, which may account in the following details of that used are given:— K la xo n 400 V 3 p h. J a p . 3000 r.p.m. type A K 11 part for the consistent performance. Y B i. An extra long shaft was specified to accom­ Caro was taken to ensure accurate fit- modate the commutator.

¡0 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1446 Book Reviews

The “ Trader ” Year Book, 1947 Edition. attention of thoSe who find their methods (London: The Trader Publishing Co., of relating selling price to production ex­ Ltd.). Price 10s. 6d . n e t. penses unsatisfactory. The components of The eighteenth edition of this very use­ manufacturing cost, they explain, can be ful annual contains all the features which resolved, on the one hand, into fixed over­ have in the past made it so popular a heads, which in general are unrelated to reference book in the wholesale and retail tho number of articles produced and, on electrical and radio trades. A- legal guide the other hand, to direct cost incurred in gives up-to-dato information on such the production of a single article. Tho m atters as purchase tax and price control. proportion of the overheads appearing in In other sections are found short specifica­ the final cost of each article will vary as tions of post-war radio receivers, tables the number of articles produced, and "it is of supply voltages in Great Britain, and to offer a means whereby these variables, many other useful data. The main the one a constant ratio and the other a features of the book are, as usual, the constant quantity, can bo manipulated into tjomprohensive trade directory and buyers’ a sound equation, that the book has been guide and the valuable list of proprietary written. The accounts of an imaginary names, which has been further extended firm aro used to compare, side-hy-side, the to take account- of many new arrivals in traditional and suggested costing systems, the domestic appliance field. and it must bo admitted that the authors’ proposals show some dear advantages. British Journal Photographic Almanac, 1947.—Editor, A rthur J. D aura day. (London : Greenwood and Co., Ltd.) Household Electricity.—By J. F. K. Nosworthy. (London: Staples Pp. 444 + 35 pp.' pictorial photo- Press, Ltd.) Pp. 27, with 11 figs. gravuro supplement. Price os. net P ric e I s . d . n e t. (cloth bound), 4s. net (paper bound 6 c o v e rs). One hesitates to approve tliis book—not necessarily through any deficiencies of the This is the 88th year of publication of author—'because to invito tho non-electrical this useful reference book, and included housewife to interfere with her own in its pages on this occasion are articles installation is, in tho same breath, to dealing with Photography and the 'Visual invite trouble. Since, however, no matter Arts, the Camera in Ireland, Medical what may be desirable, tho untutored will Photography, Emulsion Sensitivity and continue to make emergency repairs, a Contrast, among other subjects. The simple and accurate exposition of wiring standard features of glossary of technical fundamentals might avert more disasters terms, editorial reviews of new materials than it caused : this the author has set and apparatus, formulas and instructions himself to write. He describes minor for various photographic processes, and repairs and explains clearly enough how tables of miscellanous information are the power gets round the house. His sug­ again included, with valuable additions. gestion that it is not necessary to isolate Tho almanac is too well known and used to the main switch when removing fuses is, need reviewing in the ordinary sense, but in view of the circles into which his hook to those photographers, amateur and will find its way, to be wholly deplored, professional, who have not yet made its and the guidance he offers on connecting acquaintance, its early acquisition is up the flex’ to a b.c. plug might, by the strongly recommended. completely untrained, be taken to mean Marginal Costing. By F. C. Lawrence that both conductors were to be bared and E. N. Humphreys. (London: and twisted together. -Similarly, tho instructions on dismantling a standard Macdonald and Evans.)' Pp. 117. Price 12s. 6d . n e t. lamp might prove lethal when applied to a ceiling fitting. Other points which require _ Works costing is a somewhat controver­ amendment before this book can be recom­ sial and, with present-day price tendencies, mended as a reliable electrical “ first-aid ” a particularly im portant'and complex sub­ are the references to the white wire in ject, and the authors, analysing the im­ three-cored flex, which may well cause perfections of conventional methods of confusion when only coloured conductors Total Costing, find that it leaves much to are found, and the statement that Number be desired. The system of marginal cost­ 8 batteries consist of one cell unit only. ing which they put forward, backed with The special dangers of bathroom installa­ tho claim of successful trials in a number tions should have been much more of industries, should therefore receive the thoroughly explained.

THE ELECTRICIAN SO M A Y 1947 144?

THE PARIS FAIR NEW EXHIBITS IN THE DOMESTIC FIELD—ORDERS WELCOMED T HIS year’s Paris Fair was the first cooker with a handle for lifting oven occasion since the war. that French shelves without the necessity of having to manufacturers were able to take orders open the oven door, the advantage claimed with any hope of their fulfilment within being that a shelf can be placed at any a reasonable time, and as materials in height while the oven is in use. France are now more plentiful, the pro­ Eldao showed a toaster which will take ducts exhibited were of special interest. any shape of slice. This was badly needed For the first time in its history the Fair in France, since toasters of normal design bad to be split up, in that the ground at do not easily accommodate 'slices from the long French loaves. The same firm also staged a special heater for babies’ bottles and an electric hotplate to keep babies’ fo o d w a rm . The Sté Française des Applications Elec­ triques showed a novel water heater which, it is claimed, can be taken to pieces at home and cleaned. This is the first water heater of its kind in France, in that heaters in general have to be sent to their makers when sediment has to be j-einoved. Only one British firm had a stand in the electrical section, namely, the British Vacuum Cleaner and Engineering Co., Ltd. Our correspondent was told that British-made electric irons are proving particularly attractive to French women, probably because they are smaller than the French irons and do not weigh so m u c h . Versailles was not large enough to hold all An impression at the Fair is that British the exhibitors, and the Grand Palais on prices are far below the French ; unfortu­ the Champs Elysees had to be taken for nately, most British houses were repre­ the electrical section, exclusive of heavy sented through agents and one found the electrical machinery. With regard to the British firms only with difficulty. latter, there was little novelty to be seen, except that electric motors with steel cases instead of cast iron were shown. On the Electricity at Norwich domestic side, the French electrical indus­ A slight decrease in the year’s try had produced many new things,- though figures for units sold from 115.5 million fewer in number than was the custom to 114.4 million is shown in the report before the war. Our correspondent was of the Norwich electricity undertaking for given to understand that the reason for the year ended March 31, 1946. The this is that Frenchmen are at the moment total number of consumers connected, at more interested in quality than novelty, 62 311, had not reached the figure of as the need for apparatus is so acute that 63 111 connections before the air raids buyers want to ensure that- their selection of 1942, but showed an increase of 832 is. good and will last. Several manufac­ during the year. The income from the turers in fact made a feature of this point. year’s working was £778 719 (£757 059) The Croissant Company, for instance, and the expenditure £625 758 (£561 144), which showed a small electric cooker and giving a net profit of £20 334, compared a radiator mounted on wheels, listed its with £30 915 in the previous year. An products as “ armoured ” and stated that analysis of sales within the undertaking they would “ never wear out,” Messrs. shows that the city power load remained Oderiam showed a bath complete with stationary at about 30 per cent, below water heater installed in the under part of the bath. The heater is not visible, and the pre-war figure, and while quarterly access to it for maintenance, is given by domestic supplies in the city had returned sliding away one side of the bath _ casing. only to 1939 levels, there had been a The heater is of 125 litres capacity and remarkable increase in supplies to pre­ consumes 1 800 W. Electrically heated payment consumers. Largely due to blankets in jute and glass fibre were to be bombing, the city supplies are not vet seen and Messrs. Jean Blattner showed a back to a pre-war basis. jo M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1448

H.T. CABLE TESTING ---

1 200 000 V IMPULSE AND 400 000 V LABORATORY PLANTS

I N The E^ecthicia.n of June 23, 1939, and insulating members alternately. The was described and illustrated the then front and hack columns are identical, each re-designed and re-equipped high-voltage consisting of condenser units and spacer laboratory of W .'T . Henley’s Telegraph units erected vertically. Tho front and Works Co., Ltd., at Gravesend, and at the back columns are permanently paralleled invitation of the company we were last by the spark gap supports. Each con­ -week afforded an opportunity of inspect­ denser unit has a capacity of 0.0875 mfd. in g a 1.2 megavolt impulse plant which and, since two units are permahontly in has now been added to the power fre­ parallel per stage, the stage capacity is quency equipment in order to obtain in­ 0.175 mfd. The total energy output with formation on the behaviour of prototype soven stages, each energised at 167 kV cable systems under impulse conditions. in series, is 17 kW-secs. The impulse testing plant consists in Charging of the seven stages is accom­ brief of a 200 kV d.c. charging unit, seven- plished by means of a set of sloping stage condenser columns, a capacity resistors connecting the front columns potential divider for voltage measure­ together, and a similar set connecting the ment, and a high-speed continuously two back columns together. The rear evacuated cathode-ray oscillograph for resistances, besides acting as charging surge recording. resistances, also control the wave tail. Tho last-named component in the plant Discharging of the condenser bank is is a particularly sensitive piece of accomplished by means of hemispherical apparatus, capable of giving visual indica­ 150 mm. gaps supported horizontally mid­ tion of high speed transients or of record­ way between the front and hack columns. ing such transients photographically, and The left-hand hemispheres can be set at was designed and constructed completely any position required and then remain in the Henley Research Laboratories. fixed. The right hand hemispheres are The charging unit of the impulse plant connected by means of cam mechanisms consists of a transformer and condenser through gearing to a vertical rod. This and a rectifier bank. The incoming 50 rod is made up of insulating members cycle supply is fed through a 10 kVA, and the design is such as to allow a certain 0-250 V moving-coil regulator to the latitude in alignment. Tho rod is driven primary of a 6 kVA, 80 kV transformer, through gearing by a small motor at the the core of which operates at a potential base of the generator. This motor also half that of the output. The top plate operates a Selsyn unit which, with a is connected to' an oil-immersed porcelain similar unit on the control desk, permits clad 0.015 mfd. condenser rated at 100 kV" of remote indication of the gap setting. d.c. The supply from this condenser is In the majority of the gap circuits, small taken through a resistance to the mid-point damping resistances are inserted which of a pair of oil-immersed pprcelain-clad also serve as part of the wave front con­ selenium rectifiers, each of which is rated trol. Connection from the condenser bank at 200 kV reverse peak, and is capable to the sample is effected by means of a of giving 5 mA continuously or 20 mA wire wound resistance which controls the for one hour. The rectifier hank is isolated wave front of the impulse. from earth by four pedestal insulators so that positive or negative d.c. can he The capacity potential divider is made up obtained by connection to the top or of two h.v. condenser units, each capable bottom of the bank, the opposite end of withstanding 600 kVp and having a being _ earthed. The output from the capacity of approximately 60 mmfd. charging unit is fed to the first stage of These units in series form the high voltage the condenser bank through a resistance; arm of the divider and are mounted on a contact is made to earth at tho output steel base provided with rollers for side of this resistance by means of a mobility. In the base is mounted the low movable rod, which makes contact when volt&ge element of the divider, together the transformer is de-energised and is with the recording cable matching resistor. automatically disconnected by a copper Special care has been taken to ensure that disc motor when the transformer is ener­ the low voltage capacitor is adequately gised. screened, and from this point the recording The main condenser bank consists of cable of low capacity is taken to the four columns, each made up of condensers (Continued on p. 1450.) THE ELECTRICIAN SO M A Y 1947 1449

( j) . 400 kV, d.c. transportable testing set

(2). Impulse plant showing d.c. charging equipment, main conden­ ser bank and potential divider

( /! . Base of the conden­ ser bank and controlled tripping mechanism

(4). Complete impulse plant showing capacity potential divider and 132 k V cable sam ple

(5). Impulse plant control desk. The switching ar­ rangement is described in the text

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1450 cathode-ray oscillograph by the most direct forming part of the tripping mechanisms. ro u te . The resistors are oil-immersed, porcelain- The tripping mechanism for the main clad 100 kV units of 200 megohms each, condenser bank consists of two three- and together give a total of 400 megohms. e'.ectrode gaps, two condensers with The lower end of the two in series is con­ nected to earth through a d.e. miero-ammoter calibrated to read mean kV, and protected by the usual protective d ev ices. The impulse genex-ator is controlled from a pedestal situated in the control room ovex-look- ing the test floor. The contx-ol desk is provided with ixxdicating instru­ ments, those on the left giving the low voltage input, the centre one reading mean stage kV, and those on the right, d rive n by Selsyns underneath, indicating the sottings of the maiix a n d auxiliary gaps respectively. A push Impulse plant, control desk and cathode-ray oscillograph button in the centre is the final control which associated stabilising resistors and a trip­ energises the tripping transfornier and ping transformer. All electrodes are causes the generator to operate. driven by cam mechanisms ganged to­ On the side of the cabinet is a Castell gether to a motor-driven insulated shaft. switch and a relay which ensures that the The motor drive, together with a Selsyn plant cannot be energised unless the input unit for remote indication of the gap set­ switcligear cubicle and the control pedestal tings, is housed in a metal box in the are closed and locked. Since the area is foreground. This drive is identical with served by an overhead crane, an additional that for the main gaps. electx-ical interlock on the crane supply is The tripping transformer injects a volt­ fitted in the supply cubicle to de-energise age of up to 30 kV into the common elec­ the crane when nearing the impulse plant trode of the first, two gaps when energised, if the latter is in operation. and this initiates operation of the The high-speed cathode-ray oscillograph, generator. This transformer is of special situated alongside the control desk in the design to have a suitable wave form, and control room, is. of the continuously- damping windings are incorporated to evacuated type employing a rotary back­ ensure that the injected voltage is not ing pump and a mercury diffusion pump. oscillatory. Two porcelain-clad condensers The tube is fed from a 40 kV, d.c. supply mounted vertically are connected across and is mounted on a cubicle containing the two three-electrode gaps so that the the backing pump. The main tube, which potential of the various electrodes is main­ is approximately 5 ft. long, consists of tained at the correct value for positive three sections, a discharge txibe at the top operation in sequence, immediately the' fitted with pre-anode electi'o-magnetic con­ balance is upset by the injected voltage centration . a trapping chamber in the from the tripping transformer. In order centre to which is fitted tho main, concen­ to maintain the voltage on the condensers trating coil, and a deflection chamber at in the correct ratio in spite of the vertical the bottom containing tho two pairs of mounting, two porcelain-clad resistors are plates and the recording mechanism at its connected across the combination. From base. The trapping and timing circuits are the left-hand hemisphere to the base of arranged on one side of the trapping the lower condenser a tapped wire wound chamber and the whole oscillograph tube resistor is connected, from which is taken is contained in an Aluminium screen. Mu- the^ initiating cable for the cathode-ray metal screens are also inserted in the main oscillograph, oscillograph tube. In order to measure the voltage on the The controls are,situated in an adjoin­ first stage,, use is made of the resistors ing control cabinet which also houses the connected in parallel with the condensers, power pack for supplying the timing eir-

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 194J 1451

cuits and for calibration purposes, and the 400 kV at which it operates. Tho set has oscillator for producing the timing oscilla­ also been used for testing many of the tions. The waves from the impulse 132 kV cable installations already carried generator can be examined visually from out for the Central Board by the W. T. two ports at right angles, and the fluo­ Henley’s Telegraph Works Co., Ltd. rescent screen can be moved for recording Prior to our inspection of the plant, Mr. photographically either on plates or on W. C. Barry, Henley’s research manager, film s. explained that although the use of impulse Another addition to the laboratory is a plants developing extremely high voltage 400 kV, d.c. plant consisting of an assem­ surges of short duration is becoming in­ bly of condensers, rectifiers, spacers and creasingly arid widely known for all classes transformers, erected as four columns on of electrical equipment and for investiga­ a trailer which also houses the moving coil tional work, it is believed by the company regulator and the switehgear cubicle. that the plant described is the only one of Energy is fed into the transformer stack, its kind so far installed in this country expressly for high voltage cable develop­ ment. work. For the explanatory details given in thé description we are indebted to Mr. T. R. P. Harrison, chief of the company’s high voltage research and testing laboratories. Tho impulse generator and the 400 kV d.c. set were both manufactured by Ferranti, Ltd. Motor Maintenance T HE stripping and re-assembly of largo traction motor cases has been facili­ tated by the development of the ring- stand principle in the Acton works of London Transport. The poles and inter­ poles are fixed to tho motor case by bolts adjusted from the outside and on a normal stripping bench, one set of main pole bolts is covered and the adjacent interpole bolts are difficult to get at. Consequently tho case has to be tilted—by crowbars and wedges or an overhead crane. When re­ placing poles, it is essential to ensure that the coil is firmly in position and that the pole-piece is in absolute magnetic contact with the caso. To scat tho washer correctly over the pole before tightening- down on to the coil is difficult., especially TIME MICRO SECS. when replacing the side poles; the washer often slips down and tightens across the Theoretical considerations of the impulse testing pole-piecc instead of tho coil. plant condenser columns The ring-frame stand as used on the L.T. 100 motor cases consists essontially in the same way as for the impulse plant, of two parts—base and rings. The case from which connection is made to a 200 kV is partially closed at the brush end but condenser and then to four 200 kV metal open at tire other. Tho open-end ring is rectifiers arranged in pairs. The output of 3 ft. across and carries four cranked lugs this set at 400 kV, d.c. is 5 mA continu­ projecting radially inwards, which bolt on ously, 20 mA for one hour; and at 200 kV, to the end-cover holes. The brush-end 10 mA continuously, 4-0 mA for one hour. ring is fixed at three points. The case The equipment permits of the continu­ is located by a chordial bar and fixed by ous application of high voltage d.c. to a lug plus a bolt through the ring itself. prototype systems and is simple in opera­ This leaves the brush end overhanging tion. The rectifiers, transformers, and the base, making for easier access to the moving-coil regulator of the d.c. plant are brush coil leads. When mounted in the interchangeable with similar units on the rings, a circular cage is formed. The base impulse plant for obvious reasons. is a simple welded angle-iron structure The d.c. plant is believed to be unique in 2 f t. 6 in. high and carries a roller-bearing that it employs high voltage oil-immersed at each corner. The rings rest on these metal rectifiers at the extreme voltage of and can be rotated by hand.

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1452 Electrical Overseas Trade

Exports for A pril Show Steady Increase in Value

T HE total value of electrical exports shipped fell from 32 635, value £364 754, during April, as briefly reported in in March, to 26 755, value £287 262, in our last issue, was £5 778 944, compared April. In April, 1946, 15 477 sets, value with £5 438 004 in the previous month, '£136 060, were exported, and the monthly and £3 533 919 in April of last year. The average for 1938 was 7 053, value £36 755. monthly average for 1938 was £1 S29 189. There was also a falling off in the num­ For the first four months of this year the ber of electric lamps supplied to overseas value of electrical goods and machinery buyers, the number for April being despatched overseas was £21 799 531, con­ 2 412 568, value £89 837, and that for trasted with £14 041 843 for the corre­ March, 3 386 605, value £114 220. In sponding period of 1946. Electrical im­ April last year the number was 2 189 155, ports for April were of the value of value £91 490, and the monthly average £200 757 as against £152 109 in March, in 1938, 1 638 099, value £49 440. Accep­ £125 916 in April last year, and a monthly tances of generators increased from I 534 average of £328 117 in 1938. In the first tons in March to 2 658 tons in April, as against 601 tons in April, 1946, and 858 four months of the year the value of tons in a corresponding period of 1938; imports was £658 285, against £1 226 972. and purchases of motors rose from 1 053 The number of radio receiving sets tons in March to 1 084 in April.

I mports Extorts M onthly Month ended Monthly Month ended average, April 30, average, A p ril 30, 1938 1946 1947 1938 1946 1947 £ £ £ £ £ £ Subm arine cables 17 289 38 993 3 787 Other telegraph and telephone wires and cables — — —. 71 803 383 411 207 585 Electric cables, wires, &c.— Rubber insulated ...... \ 31 246 3 128 5 782 117 533 211 199 289 163 — With other insulation ...J — 153 256 299 510 467 035 Radio and television transmitters (and radar) and equipment ... — . — . 46 906 28 296 79 699 78 459 Radio receiving sets 10 148 10 418 3 282 36 755 136 060 287 262 Radio long distance telegraph and telephone equipment 9 243 1 018 2 159 242 716 266 432 476 466 Other descriptions 47 870 73 854 37 018 57 848 90 871 154 709 Transmitting and industrial valves ...... 10 893 1 134 16 5 7 5 \ 41 272 13 858 22 860 Other — — — / — 56 303 63 520 Furnace carbons, electric 4 054 * 2 145 23 318 — Other electric carbons ...... 2 301 5 720 1 936 '______Electric lamps, complete 10 265 24 8 195 49 440 91 490 89 837 Other lamps, lighting appliances and fittings 38 662 1 245 2 877 48 565 138 525 210 658 Batteries and or cells, prim ary... 3 549 437 798 13 572 35 497 22 290 Accumulators — — — 48 647 99 074 160 494 Parts and accessories ... —. .— —— 41 926 38 236 Hearing apparatus and elements ■ — . — — 14 064 63 074 _ 129 991 Other heating equipment — — 16 600 25811 77 490 Commercial electrical instru­ ments and parts 32 057 2 150 10 704 15 878 42 441 109 342 — House service m eters ...... — • .= 15 791 39 888 61 017 All other descriptions of instru­ - “ / ments ... — :— 9 612 32 864 26 202 Electro-medical apparatus — —— 3 038 9 174 17 749 X-ray apparatus, vacuum tubes and parts 9 734 9 095 6 978 4 881 82 777 92 830 Insulating doth and tapes ——— 7 038 37 556 28 990 Other insulating materials ——— 12 305 72 325 60 733 Other articles ...... 52 980 5 611 16 014 108 083 182 275 177 536 Generators and parts ... — ■ . — 157 150 191 324 953 780 Motors and parts ...... 26 033 11 163 3 059 145 045 159 379 320 848 Other descriptions of electrical machinery ...... 14 455 910 4 790 355 663 401 835 848 742 Vacuum cleaners and parts — — — 26 662 55 134 166 711 Other portable appliances 24 627 2 717 4 759 10 394 29 760 30 553 Welding machinery (including electrodes) other than tube — 147 making 5 607 .— 128 454 124 C69 Total 328 117 125 916 200 757 1 829 198 3 536 919 5 778 944

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y IÇ47 <4s3

- Electrical 1 ~~~t Personalities • We are always glad to receive from readers news of their social and business activities for publication in this page. Paragraphs should be as brief as possible.

MR. C. J. KING lias been appointed and measurement at the conference on Area Engineer in Scotland for theE.L.M .A. instruments and measurements at Stock­ L ig h tin g Service holm on Juno 4-7, arranged under the Bureau and is now auspices of the Royal Swedish Academy of at the Scottish Engineering Sciences (IVA) and the Asso­ Bureau, 29, St. Vin­ ciation of Technical Physicists (TFF). cent Place, Glasgow. MR. J. C. CULLIFORD has received Mr. King joined the the customary gold watch on the comple­ L ig h tin g Service tion of 50 years’ service with the Edison Bureau staff in Lon­ Swan Electric Co., Ltd., at Enfield. The don in 1946, after presentation was made by Mr. C. G. release from the Seeley, managing director. Mr. Culliford Army where ho spent is, continuing his work in the lamp sales five of his six years’ department. MR. JOSEPH WESTWOOD, M.P., service with the Secretary of State for Scotland, on Friday, M.E.P. gaining the May 23, laid the foundation stone of a rank of M ajor new factory at Hamilton which, when (E.M.E.j in the completed, will be occupied by Philips m r . c. j. k i n g R.E.M.E. Ho has Lamps, Ltd., and will provide employment already done a con­ f o r a b o u t 1 000 people by the end of the siderable amount of lecturing to design year and 2 500 within two years in the course audiences and taken part in a num­ manufacture of radio sets and components. ber of lighting investigations. He proved himself a valuable asset to the educational MR. CHARLES BLAMPIED COLSTON, and advisory work of the bureau in war-time Regional Controller at the L o n d o n . Ministry of Production, and chairman and MR. G. C. MUNRO, senior engineer-in- managing director of Hoover, Ltd., charge with the Hammersmith electricity attended at Buckingham Palace on Tues­ department, has been appointed to the d a y , M a y 20 , for the investiture bv the position of assistant station superinten­ King with the honour of C.B.E. Mr. d e n t. Colston was awarded the D.C.M. and M.C. MR. T. B. NUTTER, borough electrical and twice mentioned in despatches while engineer, Burnley, intends to retire on serving with the Royal Engineers on superannuation in August. He has been Gallipoli and in France in the first world associated with the Burnley undertaking w a r. for 47 years, starting as an apprentice. MR. HERBERT SHACKLETON has He has been chief of the department since been recommended by the Rochdale Elec­ 1942. tricity Committee for the post of deputy MR. F. B. HINSLEY (Cardiff) has been engineer and manager of the electricity elected president of the South Wales undertaking. He graduated from Man­ branch of the Association of Mining Elec­ chester University in 1924 with a second- trical and Mechanical Engineers for the class honours degree of B.Sc. in electrical year 1947-48. Mr. J. Brodie (Beddau) is engineering, and the same year joined the first vice-president, and Mr. A. W. Kidd staff of Manchester electricity department (Pengam) second vice-president. with which he served in various capacities MR. J. RUSSELL TAYLOR, for 23 until 1944 when he was appointed electro­ years on the staff of the Igranic Electric technical engineer. In 1937 he was Co., Ltd.,Bedford, and chief engineer since awarded the degree of M.Sc. for his work 1937, has accepted an invitation from the on “ Network Fault Resistance.” directors to join the board. He was DR. P. DUNSHEATH, director and apprenticed to a Motherwell firm and consulting engineer of W. T. Henley’s joined the Igranic Co. as a junior tester in Telegraph Works Co., Ltd., was elected 1924. an Honorary Member of the Engineering MR. H. J. FINDEN, who is responsible Institute of Canada at a Council meeting for development and design of test equip­ held in New Brunswick on March 15. ment for the Plessey Co., Ltd., Ilford, is Others elected by E.I.C. at the same time giving a lecture on frequency generation were: Dr. Ernest Brown, former Dean and jjo M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1454 Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at electricity works, and in 1915 he was McGill University; Dr. C. J. Mackenzie, appointed engineer and manager of president of the National Research Council. Bo’ness electric power station. While Ottawa; and Dr. F. H. Sexton, president holding that position he was also appointed of the Nova Scotia Technical College, general manager of the Musselburgh and Halifax. Readers will recall that Dr. District Electric Light and Traction Co. Dunsheath was made the first Honorary The Bo’ness undertaking was acquired by Member of the New Zealand Institute of the local authority in 1920, and in 1922 Engineering during his recent tour. Mr. Babb was appointed general manager MR. AUBREY H. L. GIBSON, goyern- of the Lothians Electric Power Co., in ing-director of A. H. Gibson (Electrical) addition to his post with the Musselburgh Co. Pty., Ltd., and subsidiaries, with company. Before retirement, he had been headquarters in Melbourne, and operating a member of the Central Scotland C.E.B. throughout Australia, is on a visit to this Consultative Committee frpm its incep­ country until September. He is desirous tion. In the first world war he was Assist­ of contacting firms anxious to export to, ant Coal Controller for Scotland. He or to extend their manufacturing interests was a member of the A.S.E.E. in, Australia. His companies distribute all types of electrical and radio supplies, Illuminating Engineers apparatus, appliances, equipment and machinery—they also manufacture certain A T the annual meeting of the Illumi­ items in Australia. Mr. Gibson’s address nating Engineering Society on May whilst in England is c/o the Commercial 13, the president, Mr. J. S. Dow, pre­ Banking Company of Sydney, 18, Birchin sented the report for 1946. Thorrgh Lane, Lombard Street, London, E.C.3. recovery to normal conditions has not SIR CLAUDE GIBB, chairman and been rapid the society has continued to managing director, C. A. Parsons and make good progress both as regards acti- Company, Ltd., speaking at an “ Export vitias and membership; the latter has now Drive ” luncheon organised as part of the topped the 2 000 mark. Centres have Advertising Association Conference held at been in existence in the principal provin­ Margate last week, said that already in cial towns for a number of years and the heavy electrical industry there is a in 1946 a further centre was opened, hold­ marked falling oil in inquiries and orders, ing meetings alternately at Gloucester and and that in time the Dominion and other Cheltenham. The society is now making overseas markets will produce the great arrangements for a summer meeting to be majority of their home needs of consumer held at Harrogate from May 26-29, 1948, goods. The wise industrialist, he con­ when the programme will include papers tinued, was conducting his business as and social events. though to-day was a keen buyer’s market At the meeting it was announced that and he was preparing fpr the coming fall the officers for the next session would bo in demand and better international com­ Dr. J. W. T. Walsh, president; supported petition, Sir Claude called for a change by Mr. ,J. M. Waldram, Mr. J. S. Preston, of heart in the general attitude towards and Dr. E. C. Walton, as vice-presidents; work, a restoration of the old pride of with Mr. J. C. Holmes, as hon. treasurer; craftsmanship and an increased output Mr. H. C. Weston, hon. secretary; and per man hour. Dr. S. English, hon. editor. Dr., Walsh is chairman of the National Illumination Obituary Committee of Great Britain and is a MR. E. S. CONRADI, chairman and Principal Scientific Officer in the Light manager of the British Central Electrical Division of the National Physical Labora­ Co., Ltd., on May 27. For some time tory. He sets a precedent in that this Mr. Conradi had worked hard as a collec­ is the first time that any member of the tor of funds for the Electrical Industries’ society has twice been elected to the Benevolent Association, and raised over presidential chair. £2 000 in that way. A ballot of members pn the proposal MR. H. C. BABB. general manager to form a Register of Lighting Engineers until his retirement in 1943 of the Lothians was approved by a large majority. Electric Power Co., at Edinburgh, on On conclusion of formal business, Dr. May 16, aged 68 years. A past chairman N. A. Halbertsma, president of the Inter­ of the Scottish Centre of the I.E.E., he national Commission on Illumination, de­ was respected by a large circle of friends. livered an address entitled “ International A native of Bristol, Mr. Babb gained a Relations in Illuminating Engineering.” wide and practical knowledge of the elec­ The next meeting of the International trical industry with various companies at Commission on Illumination, the first since Rotherham, Bristol, Guernsey and Dart­ the outbreak of war in 1939, has been mouth. He went to Scotland in 1913 as arranged to take place in Paris in chief technical assistant at the Hawick September, 1948.

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1455 Junior Boards of Management

Am erican M ethod of Training Y oung Executives

In the following article is explained the McCormick system of training junior staff for executive positions. Its operation and advantages are discussed, while some of the results of the scheme are recounted. T RAINING schemes of various typos For this plan to succeed, it was neces­ have been developed in many progres­ sary for higher management to initiate sive firms in this country, in some of which and encourage the idea and to give the graduates from the universities havo been junior board full access to company books, introduced for special training to fit them problems and operations. This board was for executive posts. This type of plan has to have no senior executives on it and shown both advantages and disadvantages. was to work in complete independence of Them is not always “ room at the top ” the ordinary management hierarchy. Mc­ for the number of trained potential execu­ Cormick’s first move was to call in seven­ tives made available by the training teen young men holding junior executive courses, while the relations between the and administrative positions in the firm, younger men from outside, and the older and to explain to them the company's members of existing staff looking for pro­ situation, operations, etc. He mado them motion, have on occasion been difficult. into an official junior board and told them that he would welcome their ideas and MULTIPLE MANAGEMENT proposals. Ho set only two limitations on In the circumstances it is of interest to their work : ( 1) all their recommendations discuss a scheme for training young execu­ must bo unanimous, and (2) these must tives from within the range of a firm, which be approved before being put into effect. has been tried out in the U.S.A. The Tlie board was to be advisory, not execu­ plan is known as multiple management, tive, but it would be free to discuss any and is outlined in the October, 1946, issue problem and have any information it of “ Factory Management and Mainten­ w a n te d . ance.” It is essentially a method of select­ The junior board elected its own chair­ ing and training men and women from all man and secretary and set up its own ranks within a firm for more active partici­ operating rules, following parliamentary pation in management, and it has been procedure. It held weekly meetings and applied in some 500 firms (mostly in the was soon producing useful ideas and plans U.S.A., but some in Australia) of medium in the fields of sales, packaging and opera­ size, i.e., within the range of 100 to 5 000 tion. Its work continued to be so success­ employees. It is claimed that multiple ful that the company recovered from its management as a training school for deficit, condition and commenced to make higher executives lias not only produced a profit. At the same time, there was a good calibre executives but has, at the noticeable improvement in management- same time, made significant improvements labour relations. in management-labour relations. This system of a junior board has been In the scheme, the junior executive is developed in various ways. A number of regarded as a kind of pivot—as a man who firms have set up junior sales boards, con­ because ho is in touch with both top sisting of salesmen, selected for their ability management and supervisors, can act as a from among the junior ranks. Generally, two-way transmission centre for ideas, sug­ the senior management makes the first ap­ gestions and interpretations of company pointments to the junior board and, later policy and information. The scheme the members of the board elect further originated with Mr. McCormick of m e m b e rs. McCormick and Co., of Baltimore, who was SIX-MONTHLY ELECTIONS appointed to take charge of a firm which had got into difficulties and was making Tim McCormick Company holds six- losses. He was given a free hand to re­ monthly elections at which each board organise the firm. One of his first steps member rates every other member on a was to establish a junior board of directors certain merit-rating plan, designed to gauge with advisory powers, who had access to executive ability. Tire six members with all company information and were entitled the highest resulting “ ratings ” stay on to put forward any suggestions and ideas the board and become a nominating com­ for improvement after discussing company mittee to elect new members. A limit of problems at constitutionally-held junior two years consecutive service is imposed. board meetings. The junior board has put into effect an

j o M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1456 interesting “ sponsorship ” scheme which perience in the U.S. Navy during the will interest those concerned with juvenile 1914-18 War. Then, he learned to admire education. The scheme resembles the and appreciate the efficiency and capacity “Works Guardian ” suggestions made re­ of the petty officers. When ho returned cently by Lord Forrester. The junior to industry, he reasoned that the fore­ board chooses a number of intelligent man was the “ petty officer ” of industry youngsters from the ranks and gives them and should bo treated as such—that ho a three-months “ sponsorship ” period. ought to receive the training, knowledge, The youngsters work with three junior incentives and prestige corresponding to board members, spending a month with the U.S. Navy petty officer. It is each one. The “ sponsor ” meets the apparent that where this analogy has been youngster for whom he is responsible and, put to test, the factory boards have once or twice a week, has informal dis­ justified it, have raised the status of cussions with him. At these talks, a supervisors and have made good use of the youngster may ask all kinds of questions b e s t m e n . about the firm, its policy, products, OPEN MEMBERSHIP TO BOARD methods, etc. The sponsor has the re­ sponsibility of guiding his progress through In some undertakings, the chairman of the company and, as time goes on, each the factory board presides over a montfily sponsor rates the youngsters whom he has meeting of employees at which questions taught, as candidates for future member­ about hours and operations are put to the ship of the junior board. In this way, it board. If a worker is discharged, he may is possible for a young man who stays with appeal to the board for a re-consideration the firm to become a sponsor himself and of his case. Membership of the board is to initiate and train others more effectively open to all junior executives and men who because of his own experiences. The ideas show merit, so that a cost accountant, a inherent in this scheme have been applied foreman or a truck-driver may become a successfully in the U.S.A. to the training member because of individual ability or (or re-training) of men who have returned originality of thinking, or special contri­ to a firm from the Services. butions to factory problems. In this respect, the scheme provides a genuine non-financial incentive to anyone who has POSITION OF FOREMEN ideas and capacity. Some firms have developed a junior There may be several junior boards, board for production, called the factory sales, factqry and administrative, inside executives board. It has the important a largo undertaking. In theso conditions, quality of selection on merit so that it is customary to hold a weekly or numerous foremen have been put on monthly meeting at which the higher those boards. The results have been that management or the senior hoard of they have had the opportunity of mixing directors attend to discuss probloms and with management in discussing m atters of to help the junior boards with advice and mutual concern, and the foremen’s information. In some firms, the junior prestige has been raised by the member­ boards arrange a meeting for all employees ship. The foreman obtains a knowledge to attend, at which the higher manage­ of the inter-working of his department ment give information about production with others inside the factory, and both and sales plans, results and problems. foremen and executives learn to appre­ In other firms, there is the original ciate each other’s difficulties more clearly. feature of directors’ fees for members of This leads to the point where both groups junior boards. Where profit-sharing learn to assist each other to . solve these schemes are in force, members of junior difficulties. boards may receive somo extra share of This arrangement is important to-day, the bonuses declared. for the foreman has seen great advances made by the men whom he controls, while DIFFERING CONDITIONS his own position has not advanced to the The system of junior boards outlined is same degree. His authority has been to American in origin, and some of the some extent reduced by modern factory features discussed may be more successful organisation with its planning department in U.S. industry than in the different con­ and various “ paper ” controls. Any ditions of British industry. However, the constructive steps towards enhancing the principles set out by McCormick are con­ foreman’s prestige are to be welcomed, for structive and, in particular, the analogy he is, in essentials, part of management between the petty officer and the foreman and he acquires Ins position and its is significant and instructive. In a period authority through a lengthy experience. of rapid change in industry where the It is said that McCormick’s keenness basic importance of training and education in this matter was derived from his ex­ is being realised to a far greater extent

THE ELECTRICIAN jo M A Y 1947 1457 than ever before, it is useful to study The powers of junior boards must be original ideas in this field. limited to making recommendations to the There must bo both failures and chief departmental hoads and to the successes in applying the junior board senior board. Junior boards should adopt scheme to industrial undertakings. How­ Parliamentary procedure for their meet­ ever, “ Factory Management ” believea ings, with standing committees to deal that there are certain general principles with various problems. Often, there are and rules which govern the successful permanent committees to deal with such application of the system. For a small matters as safety and production. In firm of up to 100 employees, one junior labour relations junior boards must not board of about seven persons appears interfere with established methods of satisfactory. ' For a larger firm, of about working but may act to supplement exist­ 1 000 employees, three junior boards are ing lines of authority. suggested, namely, a junior executive Evidently, for this method of training board, a junior sales board and a factory junior executives and others to succeed, executive board, each having from 10 to there must be good personnel relations 15 members. Thé selection of the first inside a firm and a feeling of confidence board should be made by the higher in the management. In an organisation of management, who m ust be in a position to 100 people there are 100 people who have know who are its most intelligent and wide- something to contribute to the efficiency thinking men and women. Usually, about of that organisation; thoro are, however, half of these people can be put on to a p e r h a p s , 20 who have a great deal to con­ board (or on to the boards required), and tribute. What are the best ways and the remaining half are available for subse­ moans of getting thoso extra contributions quent elections in rotation, on some merit and enabling the potentially creative rating plan. Sponsorship and training minds and potential leaders to produce courses, established by the junior boards, their best work ? It is in seeking answers should be employed to find out the to this question that one should examine potentialities of younger mon and women the system of junior boards as an auxiliary and of newcomers imported into thefactoiy. to enlightened personnel management.

The Organisation of R esearch Laboratories

T HE desirability of a research labora­ vantage point for the right sort of long tory being in close touch with the and short term researches. manufacturing industry it was set up to Sir Clifford said that in his laboratory serve was one of the points made by Sir there were some 34 separate research Clifford Paterson, director of the G.E.C. groups nominally responsible to the direc­ Research Laboratories, in a paper fead tor. Each group had regular meetings before the Royal Society recently. with their opposite numbers from the fac­ In his own laboratories, Sir Clifford tory which the group served. This much said, there were over 1 000 people, of assisted in the guidance of work. Some whom professional scientific and engineer­ of the groups had nucleus production ing staffs numbered about 250. The facilities within the laboratory, the test of laboratories had three main functions: to every new development being in the give scientific advice to the factories and making of something. The mere making departments of the company; to carry out of an article or demonstration of a pro­ such longer term researches as would ulti­ cess could be relatively unimportant com­ mately benefit industry; and to join in pared with putting it into uniform any outside activities which might help production. the professional life of the general After outlining some of the researches c o m m u n ity . which his laboratory had successfully The essential fact was that the whole undertaken since its formation in 1919, organisation of the laboratory was directed Sir Clifford spoke briefly of quality con­ towards giving the company scientific ad­ trol and operational research and con­ vice, in all ways in which an up-to-date cluded by referring to the stimulating re­ laboratory might help them. This seemed action which he believed most research to be a reversal of the more usual set-up workers felt by being in contact with the in which the industrial research laboratory actual application of their work, and the kept all its thoughts upon new products progressing of investigations from their or processes, but an intimate knowledge early stages in co-operation with the in­ of the existing products and processes of dividuals who had to implement them and an industry formed the most effective make them serviceable.

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1458

Speed. C ontrol o f D.C. M o t o r s A SIMPLE SECTIONAL DRIVE SYSTEM N EW principles are involved in an elec­ two stages. The first is an eletcronic tric sectional drive developed by the amplifier, employing hard valves, and the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd., second is a Metadyne generator, which re­ to give the accurate speed control of d.c. quires only a minute exciting current and motors demanded by paper-making gives an extremely rapid response to machinery, printing presses, . linoleum changes in excitation, thus forming a suit­ calenders, and so on. The new system able link between the output of the elec­ tronic amplifier and the field of the main m o to r. In the ease of the calender drive in­ stallation, each section is driven by a 25 H.P. variable speed d.c. motor designed to give a speed range of over 3:1 by shunt field control. It was decided to leave one motor under manual control and to design the control equipment so that the second motor followed tho speed of the first. While with this system any inadvertent speed fluctuations of the lead­ F ig. 2 ing motor would be followed by the con­ trolled motor, it has the advantage of has been applied to a large calender, using halving the cost and complication of the the existing motors and starting gear and the results, after six months’ service, it is scheme compared with tho independent claimed, show that the equipment, though control of each motor to a common extremely simple, gives high sensitivity re fe re n c e . combined with stability. The control system adopted is shown A tachometer generator (Fig. 1), produc­ schematically in Fig. 2. The leading ing a voltage proportional to its speed, is motor A and following motor B are fitted direct-coupled to each motor, and the two with voltage generators C and D. The outputs are connected in opposition across leading motor is controlled by the field a potentiometer. If the two voltages de­ rheostat H. The potentiometer E pro­ veloped are equal and the sliding contact vides for relative speed adjustment, and a is adjusted symmetrically with relation the electronic amplifier F and Metadyne to the fixed connection b , there will be generator G apply the control voltage to zero voltage across a b. Should there be the shunt field of B. In the illustration a change in speed of either motor, how­ the voltage generators are seen mounted ever, the resulting change in generator on top of tho vertical spindle main motors, voltage will appear across a b , a n d th is while the control station and field regu­ voltage is amplified and applied to the lators are on the extreme left. motor field to restore syn­ chronism. If a permanent difference in speed between the two motors is required, the sliding contact a is ad­ justed to give zero voltage a b at the desired motor speeds; any variation in the relative speeds of the two motors produces a voltage a c ro ss a b , which restores the original speed relationship as b efo re . In order to maintain the relative speeds of the two motors with an accuracy of a fraction of 1 per cent, ur.der all conditions, the voltage signal a c ro ss a b requires high am­ A large calender fitted viith the tiezc Metrovick electric plification, which is effected in sectional drive

THE ELECTRICIAN SO M A Y 1947 1459 In Parliament

Bankside Schem e D ebated— M inister’s A ssurance O n Fum es

Bankside Station Scheme.--Considerable In reply, Sir. Silkin gave the assurance disagreement, some of it by Government that he was proceeding on the basis that supporters, was expressed in tho House of there would be a satisfactory solution to Commons when Mr. Silkin, Minister of the sulphur problem and that, in fact, Town and Country Planning, announced there would be no injurious effect. He at the end of the debute on the proposed asked the House to deal with tho proposal power station at Bankside that: “ Having nn that assumption. If it were wrong, reconsidered the whole m atter in the light then he freely admitted that the case of the discussions that are taking place, w o u ld go. the Government feel obliged to adhere to Continuing, the Minister said that it had its decision, and I propose to give consent been claimed that the Bankside area had to tho erection of this power station, sub­ been zoned as a cultural centre for colleges ject to the conditions which I have laid and educational institutions, but the fact d o w n . ’ ’ remained that the County of London plan The motion had been put by Mr. Wilson provided for offices and flats, with light Harris, who claimed, in tho course of his industrial buildings behind. He failed to speech, that the project, if allowed to con­ see how a building of the kind proposed tinue, would deal a shattering blow to town could be incongruous or offensive. planning. He did not suggest that a Mr. Silkin then reviewed the need for power station need be unsightly and there an increase in generating capacity, by 1931. was nothing liner, in its situation, than of 67 per cent., and stated, in conclusion, the station at Battersea. But industry that unless the site could bo used, the was the one thing which it was desirable to Greater London area would go short of keep out of the Bankside site because part electricity. Subject to the conditions he of the conception was that the area should had laid down, he proposed to give be kept for residential, recreational, educa­ his consent to the erection. tion and cultural purposes, and industry Among questions of electrical interest left to the area below London Bridge. raised in Parliament during the week were Tho House had been told by tho Minister the following: of Fuel and Power, Mr. Harris continued, New Station Sites.—Sir G. Jeffreys that the effect of the change from coal to asked whether, in view of the successful oil would increase the cost, of production experiences in How Zealand, the Minister by between £400 000 and £500 000 a year of Fuel and Power had considered generat­ If that sum were capitalised at 2} per cent, ing power close to tho coal mince and the cost of station would be increased by carrying it to London and elsewhere by either £16 million or £20 million, which was means of the grid. Replying, Mr. Shinwell substantially more than double what the stated that he understood the principal cost of erection would have been in the source of electricity in Hew Zealand was first place. water power. Tiro question of generation After supporters both of the Government at coalfields in Great Britain had not been and Opposition had further spoken against overlooked, but ho was advised that it was the Scheme, Mr. Silkin rose to reply. more economical at present to transport He had read every word of the evidence coal to London and the South Coast by presented at the public inquiry, he said, sea than it would be to transm it electricity and had come to the conclusion that, with from the coalfields supplying those areas. the safeguards that had been incorporated Generator Exports.—Replying to Mr. in the decision, it was in the interests of York, the President of the Board of Trade London that a power station should be said that the value of generators of more built at Bankside. It had not been than 200 kW capacity exported during seriously contended during the debate that January, Febmnry, March and April, 1947, the station would overshadow St. Paul’s, totalled respectively £ 402 212, £437 241, or rival it in any way. £166 524 and £692 239. It would not be At this point, Sir Arthur Salter inter­ practicable to divert current export orders vened to ask whether the Minister would to home use, but arrangements had been promise, before he allowed the scheme to made to give preference to orders for home go forward, to publish authoritative expert power plants. The particular articles ex­ evidence to show that sulphur fumes, in ported were not suitable for the home conjunction with the atmosphere, would market, and had been made for export not damage the fabric of the cathedral. o rd e rs .

SO M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1460 Electricity Bill in Committee

Discussion Com pleted— Bill Ready For Report Stage T HE Standing Committee stage of the holders would be better off. He took re­ Electricity Bill was concluded on demption yields as the figures for the old Thursday, May 22, and the Bill is now stock. He also pointed out that not a ready to bo reported to the floor of the single protest had been received from the House. The examination of the Bill had holders of these stocky, He admitted that been completed according to schedule in these statutory bouies were, perhaps, the ordinary manner of Parliamentary border-line eases, although he did not pro­ procedure, and without the aid of the pose to do anything about it. The new guillotine. clause was rejected. At the end of the proceedings, Mr, R. S. To.a new clause put forward by Mr. Hudson thanked the Government for the Foster to protect the non-statutory under­ “ small, concessions it had made to the taking not nationalised against “ economic overwhelming arguments of the Opposi­ pressure,” Mr. Shinwell agreed to put tion.” In reply, Mr. Shinwell, Minister forward a new clause on the Report of Fuel and Power, declared that although stage, providing that after a certain date there was a fundamental différence of any such concerns that incurred capital opinion on the Bill, there had been nothing expenditure, with the Minister’s approval, in the nature of obstruction during the within a specified period might serve Standing Committee discussions. notice on the Central Electricity Authority to be taken over. If compensation was MORTGAGES AND DEBENTURES not agreed on then it would go before an The -week's proceedings opened with a independent tribunal. resumption of the Opposition attack on A new clause added by the Government the Government’s decision to include gives power to the Minister of Fuel and debentures in the securities to be taken the Secretary of State for Scotland to over at Stock Exchange prices. increase the sums payable to the North of After Mr. Gaitskell had repeated the Scotland Hydro-Electric Board in respect Government view that debentures were of bulk supplies outside its area. An in­ quoted securities and should be treated as vestigation will be made in 1953 with a such, while mortgages, being unquoted, view to procuring alterations from time were treated differently, the Committee to time in the prices payable to the Scot­ divided on the amendment—to leave tish Board. When the clause was intro­ debentures out of the securities taken duced, Mr. R. S. Hudson described the over at Stock Exchange values—which was Government’s methods as being “ hole and d e f e a te d b y 18 v o te s t-o 8. corner.” The effect of the new clause, it Moving a new clause designed to bind was pointed out. may be to increase the thç. Central Electricity Authority to take charges payable by consumers outside the over the.loan capital of the Central Elec­ North of Scotland area. tricity Board and the joint electricity On the final day of the Standing Com­ authorities and repay them and pay the mittee, the Government rejected a larae interest charges in accordance with the number of Opposition amendments to the terms of their issues, Mr. Nigel Birch said Third Schedule designed to continue pro­ that the Government should see that the tection afforded to the consumer under commitments of these concerns were fully previous Acts, and now to be repealed. h o n o u re d . These statu ton- bodies, he complained, m i n i s t e r ’s c o m m e n t s had been treated the same as the com­ On an amendment to include the com­ panies, with compensation based on share ments of the Minister in the annual report values, whereas they precisely resembled of the Central Authority -when it came the local authorities. Under Clause 20, before Parliament, Mr. Gaitskell promised he nointed out. it was laid down that no that consideration would be given to the contract made by a local authority should point before the Report stage. not be honoured, but in the case of the In the last few minutes of the proceed­ C.E.B. and the joint authorities their lean ings, Mr. Glenvil Hall introduced a new capita! was being taken on a basis that Government clause dealing with the issue completely disregarded the terms of issue. of British Electricity stock. This clause, To these criticisms, Mr. Gaitskell main­ he said, implemented undertakings- given tained it was not true that these stock­ earlier, and would provide that share certi­ holders were being defrauded, and he went ficates of electricity companies should be on to quote a number of yields on the treated as if they were the new British new stock to be issued—taking a 21 o e r Electricity stock until the corresponding cent, rate as his basis—showing that new document was issued. THE ELECTRICIAN jo M A Y 1947 1461

STARTING M ARINE AUXILIARIES RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN “ PLURAL STARTER” SYSTEM M ANY industrial processes call for con­ small and of short duration. Thus the tinuous running of a number of field of this separately excited -winding is motors over lengthy periods. In the case weak and the drum motor runs near its of ships’ engine room auxiliaries, the maximum speed. When, however, the starters, having once started up the motor being started is large or is to be motors, may not be used again during a started against a heavy torque, there is a whole voyage. These individual starters considerable voltage drop across the resist­ occupy valuable deck space and for the ance, resulting in a strengthening of the many motors above 20 H .P. are of substantial size. For many years the G.E.C. plural starter system has dealt with this problem by enabling a single starter to operate a number of motors. Over forty such installations have already been made in vessels and a number of others are now in course of construction. The number of motors con­ trolled by the plural starter varies according to the re­ quirements of each case. - In the 10 000-ton m.v. “ Somer­ set,” of the Federal Steam Navigation Line, for instance, a single plural starter operates 11 motors varying from 8 h.p. to 40 h.p. ftecent im­ provements have resulted in considerable simplification of the system and also in extend­ ing the range of motor sizes which can be controlled. Although primarily designed Plural starter switchboard on the ooo-ton m.v. ‘Somer­ for starting d.c. motors, it can 10 set,’ showing contactor panels and the motor-driven common in many cases be employed starter drum with a.c. motors, other than those arranged for star-dclta starting. separately excited field, so that the drum The component units of the system are, motor runs at reduced speed, and the firstly, a motor control unit mounted machine is started up more slowly. directly on the motor and containing the In operation, the “ start ” button is “ start ” and “ stop ” push buttons, closed, the starting and negative lino con­ indicating lamp and isolating links. Each tactors close, and auxiliary contacts on unit has its open-type contactor panel, all these contactors start up the drum motor the panels being mounted on one frame­ by means of the pilot contactor. As the work, usually as an extension of the main drum revolves the resistance steps are switchboard. cut out until the drum has mado one The common or “ plural ” starter itself revolution, by which time the motor consists of the starting resistance and a driven auxiliary is up to speed. The posi­ motor-driven drum controlled by a pilot tive line contactor closes and the starting contactor. The drum has two driving contactor opens, so that the motor is con­ motors with a selector clutch so that either nected direct to line and the common motor may be used. starter is disconnected and is ready to The drum motor has two field wind­ start up another motor. ings, one connected across the armature Provided that the number of motors to and the other across the main resistance. be controlled is sufficient to warrant its When a small motor, or a motor starting use, this method of plural starting not only against light torque, is started up, the economises space, but reduces cost and voltage drop across the resistance is very many other applications will be apparent.

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1462 Equipment and Appliances Three-Purpose Garden Unit creasing the cycle time. The work of the operator is confined to keeping the maga­ The “ Alpha ” electric garden unit, zine charged with work. The magazine produced by Farm and Garden Electrifica­ consists of a sloping chute on which the tion, Ltd., pieces are loaded. These descend by A 1 p h a gravity to a position ready to be pushed W o r k s , on to the workpiate between tiie wheels. Havel o c k As the controlled-cyclo slide recedes and R o a d , M id­ opens the wheels, the movement advances dlesex, com­ tho pusher, which in turn actuates the b in e s th e override arm. This latter, through the functions of intermediate counter-weighted shaft,' ad­ a g r o e n- vances the pusher rod, thus moving the h o u s e bottom piece from the magazine on to the heater, soil workpiate between the wheels. The ad­ steriliser and vancing piece ejects tho previous finish- b u lb a n d ground piece during this movement, and is ro o t p a s ­ located by a stop which is interposed at teuriser. It this point. The controlled-cycle slide then consists of a advances the control wheel and work up “ A lp ha ” electric garden unit s t r o n g , to the grinding wheel, holds the piece there d l agonally- until the requisite amount of stock is re­ divided metal box, the upper half of which moved and the piece formed, after which forms the cover and is so arranged that the slide (on its return stroke) opens the it cannot be removed until all electrical wheels, and the cycle is repeated. A connections have been broken. Inside Scrivener No. 1 controlled-eycie machine, the box, mounted on Bakelite insu­ it is claimed, automatically grinds form lators, are two galvanised angle steel pieces .190 in. diameter by 3 in. long, with support rails, used as conductors, a -stock removal varying from .005 in. to upon which one or more heating .010 in.. at the rate of 000 pieces an hour. elements may ibe placed- when the unit is Pointing out that the present labour employed for greenhouse heating. When situation lias increased the popularity of either of the other operations is being automatic machines, the makers state that carried out, the soil sterilisation box, ,or there is an increasing appreciation in many the pasteurisation tank, also rests on these industries of the important part which rails. The heating elements are rated at 500 W each, and a maximum of four can be used. Provision is made for free cir­ culation of the heated air. The metal sides of the soil box, which will hold half a c u . f t . (.1 cwt.), constitute the electrodes, and a fitted ammeter permits easy observation of the sterilisation process. The water tank, also of half ' a cu. ft. capacity, has two elements—one designed to raise the temperature of the water to 1'10° in about twenty minutes, and the other to hold the temperature at this value during the pasteurisation period, when the initial heater has been switched off. An insulated aperture is provided in the cover- to accommodate a special thermometer. Automatic Form Grinding An example of the trend in auto­ matic centreless form grinding is pro­ View of the magazine for loading pieces to the vided by Arthur Scrivener, Ltd., of Birm­ controlled cycle centreless form grinding ingham, in a machine working upon a machine patented controlled cycle, and employing a hydraulic slide. The whole grinding centreless grinding can play in ensuring operation is performed automatically from economical production of small parts to the loading of the piece to its final ejection, close tolerances and in a range of surface provision being made for reducing or in­ fin ish es.

THE ELECTRICIAN 3o M A Y 1947 1463 Electricity Supply =ee

Coal Statistics.—As may bo seen from Council is to build a new sub-station at a the accompanying graph, consumption of c o s t of £6 635, which will include £950 for coal at power stations declined appreciably the building work, £2 685 for .underground .during the first weeks of May and also showed for the first time a considerable decrease compared with the figures for the same weeks of last year. On May 5, during the week in which the fall in con­ sumption was most pronounced, the statu­ tory ban on space-heating was applied to Central and Southern England. In the following week, when the trend continued, the ban was extended to cover the whole of England, Scotland and Wales. Simi­ larly, an improvement in power-station coal stocks is recorded in figures issued last week-end by the Ministry of Fuel and Power. Compared with 1 728 000 tons held at the end of March this year, and 1 170 000 tons in April, 1946, stocks at The stand of Birmingham Electric Supply the end of April had risen to 2 006 000 Department at the Castle Bromwich tons. Stocks held by industrial con­ Section of the British Industries Fair sumers, however, were lower in all demonstrated, by means of models, photo­ graphs and actual apparatus, the progress of the supply industry in general and the city undertaking in particular. Appli­ cations of electricity which were repre-. sented ranged from farming equipment to medical apparatus, and an illuminated wall map showed the growth of the undertaking’s area of supply mains, and £3 000 for plant and other e q u ip m e n t. Birkenhead.—Three new street-lighting schemes, costing altogether £37 000, are under consideration. Basingstoke.—Fluorescent street lighting is to he installed on a housing estate at South View. Maidenhead.—In order to avoid a heavy bank overdraft on the electricity account, the Town Council has taken up n loan of £20 000 a t 1 per cent, per annum. Shoreditch.—To celebrate the jubilee of the undertaking, which was inaugurated on June 28, 1897, the Council have approved a civic dinner and a social even­ 1ST. 2 N D . 3 R D . 4 T H . 1ST. 2 N D , 3 R D . ing for employees of the electricity depart­ APR IL MAY ment and their wives. An exhibition Power station coal consumption of recent weeks dealing with- the activities of the under­ compared with the same period last year taking during the last 50 years will also be held in connection with the jubilee, and branches of industry than in April, 1946, there will be an inspection of suitable although there was some improvement works of the department by conducted over the figures for March. parties of senior schoolchildren. A com­ West Hartlepool.—A £25 000 rebate memorative brochure is being prepared, for from the North-Eastern Electric Supply the occasion. Co., Ltd., to the Town Council is being Oldham.—The Electricity Committee is passed on to consumers in the form of a asking for a loan of £44 630 for a scheme sp e c ia l 33-} p e r c e n t, d is c o u n t d u rin g th e to provide additional inter-connecting six months ending October 31. The Town capacity betwen the Chadderton and

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1464

Greenhill power stations. The scheme of the 26 counties of Eire and that the will involvo the substitution of the exist­ “ best ” urea in each county must be in g 8 000 kVA transformer at Chadderton developed first. The “ best ” area is by one of 20 000 kVA, the removal of defined as the area where the ratio of the displaced transformer to a sub-station estimated annual revenue to the estimated at Greenhill, the provision of the neces­ capital cost is greatest. These areas will in sary switchgear, erection of a sub station most cases be those in which large poten­ building, cable connections and . fire tial consumers are situated or which are protection. crossed by one of the E.S.B.’s existing York.—Automatic reclosing circuits 10 kV lines. breakers are to be installed on the 11 kV Leyton.—The jubilee of the ele:tricity ' network at certain sub-stations in order .to undertaking, which fell due in September, reduce interruptions to rural supplies, at 1946, will be celebrated by a civic lun­ an estimated cost of £1 567. cheon to toe held at the Town Hall, Leyton, Shetland Islands.—The North of Scot­ on June 14. Following this, Mr. Emanuel land Hydro-Electric Board has token over •Shin-well, Minister of Fuel and Power, is the electricity undertaking of Lerwick, to perform the' official opening ceremony capital of the islands, which was inaugur­ of the new electricity showrooms and ser­ ated 16 years ago and has cost £60 000. vice centre in High Road, Leyton. Speaking at the ceremony, 5VIr. Tom Scotland.—Excavations for the North Johnston, chairman of the Board, said of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board’s that the Town Council was making a wise generating station at Loch Sloy have been move in handing over the undertaking to largely completed. The scheme has in­ the Board, for although tire power lied volved a whole series of local develop­ been most efficiently conducted under ments, including the opening of a new it, the Council would not have been sand pit at Balloch, from which barges able to do what the Board intended to do tow up to Inveruglas, where a new ser­ —supply the whole of the rural population vice road from Loch Lomondside is now in Shetland with electricity. practically completed. Some 1 200 men are Eire.—The Electricity Supply Board in employed on the site, and much of the Dublin has embarked upon a rural electri­ preliminary work was undertaken by fication scheme. The Board will deter­ Gorman prisoners. The resident engineer mine the order in which areas will be is Mr. H. A. Daniel, who has had experi­ developed, the rule being that no second ence of hydro-electric works pn the Great area m ust be developed in any one county Boulder Dam, and in Russia, W est Africa until one area has been developed in each and Ireland.

ELECTRICITY COMMISSION LOAN SANCTIONS Amounts Sanctioned for the three years from April 1, 1944, to M arch 31, 1947

Item Period 1944-45 1945-46 1946-47 £ I £ Purchase of property ... 13 907 124 165 322 556 Buildings (generation purposes) 6 711 285 10 710 085 6 799 906 Buildings (distribution purposes) 42 734 7é9 258 1 618 303 Plant (generation purposes) ... 20 323 383 19 077 935 19 239 336 Plant (distribution purposes) ... 593 327 2 381 948 4 854 982 Mains and services 491 422 3 667 759 8 299 475 Meters and instruments 31249 246 418 679 128 Wiring installations ...... 1 107 16 009 80 017 Apparatus 24 034 245 500 594 788 Other purposes...... 105 370 393 298 1 490 103 *Total 28 337 818 37 652 375 43 978 594 (B) Central Electricity Board £ £ £ Purchase of property ... Buildings (distribution purposes) ...... 200 000 —- Plant (distribution) 230 000 -— — Mains ...... 400 000 —r- — . Civil D e fe n c e ...... 100 000 100 000 ■___ - Generating stations 1 075 000 •— ...... — Other purposes...... 20 000 — — Total ...... 2 025 000 100 000

£ £ £ April 1-June 30 1 067 578 16 792 980 8 816 821 July 1-Sept. 30 ... 5 801 894 4 035 003 . 18 414 206 Oct. 1-Dec. 31 ...... 8 070 946 10 337 392 8 231 878 Jan. l-Alar. 31 ...... 15 422 400 6 587 000 8 515 689 Grand total . ... 30 362 818 37 752 375 43 978 594

THE ELECTRICIAN SO M A Y 1947 Industrial Information Anglo-Belgian Exhibition inauguration speech, welcomed the new An exhibition will bo held in the Salle industry, in the hope that it would bring de la Madeleine, Rue Duquesnoy, Brussels, prosperity to his town. For bis executive from September 4 to 9, inclusive, this staff, Col. Blackburn has selected ex- year, to show the products of British manufacturers to buyers for the European markets. It is being organised by Ii. and H. Trading (London), Ltd., of 5, Copthall Buildings, Copthall Avenue, London, E.C.2 (Telephone: Monarch 7876/7), and designed by Ian JefTcott. B.S.S. for Magnesium Alloys The British Standards Institution has published a specification, B.S. 1350— 1357:1947 covering magnesium alloys in the following wrought forms : (i) Forgings, press forgings and stamplings. (ii) Sheet and strip, (iii) Bars and sections, (iv) Tubes. Each of the four sections is cfam- plete, and contains clauses covering chemical composition, mechanical pro­ perties, and test requirements. This specification follows the publication in 1945 of B.S. 1272-1280 for magnesium alloy in the form of ingots and castings, and it is c o l . b l a c k b u r n showing an immersion heater hoped to publish a further specification for to the Mayor of Caine who opened a new a series of alloys based on high purity factory for C. H. Blackburn and Co., Ltd. m a g n e s iu m . Servicemen. The chief engineer, Mr. New Factory Opened B. C. Elliot, was a technical Flight Lieutenant in the R.A.F., and the works At Caine, Wiltshire, C. H. Blackburn and manager, Mr. A. P. F. Rogers, was a Co., Ltd., of Gray’s Inn Road, London, Major in the Royal Engineers. have opened a new factory for the manu­ facture of domestic electric appliances, in Cable Trunking addition to immersion heaters and hospital A reader has asked to be supplied with equipment. The opening ceremony was the name of the manufacturers of “ Zed- performed by the Mayor of Caine, Conn. lock ” cable trunking. Can any other Thomas, who, in reply to Col. Blackburn’s • reader assist ?

On the left is shown the right-hand corner o f the stand of Bakelite, Ltd., at the B.I.F. London. The wall design is a three-dimensional work carried out in Vybak covered wires and cables. The table and Venetian blinds are constructed from Warerite laminated plastics. On the right is a view of the stand of the company in the electrical section of the B.I.F. at Birmingham. Warerite laminated plastics were used for the doors and shelving 30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1466

Lighting a Children’s Library £157 13s. 6d. There was a deficit of Having secured from the Kensington £144 3s. 6d. The chairman is Mr. J. A. Borough Council the contract for lighting McConnell (Roche and McConnell, Ltd.). the Children’s Library, at North Kensington, Thorn Electrical Industries, Ltd., utilised their new Atlas FU/OOSO enclosed coiling fittings for the installation. These incorporate fluted Perspex diffusing covers, the units being self-contained with easy access to starter gear and tubes. Atlas 80 W “ warm white ” fluorescent tubes were used with the fittin g s .

Change of Address The supply department of the Donovan Electrical Co., Ltd., has moved from Flaxley Road, Steehford, Birmingham, 9, to 76-82, A tlas fluorescent lightI ng fittings with fluted Perspex diffusing Granville Street, Birming­ covers at the Children’s Library, North Kensington h a m , 1 , which will in future be the address of the head office and warehouse. The works remain The Electricity Supply Board had sub­ at Northcote Road, Steehford, Birming­ scribed £300, the Electrical and Allied h a m , 9. Trades’ Golfing Society £33 10s., and the proceeds of an annual raffle and the Elec­ Dublin Branch of E.I.B.A. tricity Supply Board’s staff dance amounted to £78 19s. 7d. At the annual meeting in Dublin of the branch of the Electrical Industries’ Benevolent Association, it was stated that New Coil-Winding Department there were 614 member's and associate Bruce Peebles and Co., Ltd., Edinburgh, members. Revenue at £716 as. 6d . e x ­ have made a large-scale extension to their transformer shop at East Pil- ton works by the addition of a new coil-winding depart­ ment which is considered to be among the largest and best equipped in tho coun­ try. It is a lofty, light, and airy building, with neat rows of pleasingly coloured, quiet- running machines, arranged according to their place in production with a most effec­ tive use of area, and clear gangways. Tho operators havo tho advantage of every modern convenience and facility in carrying out the work assigned to them. The lighting and heating arrange­ ments are admirable, and there is ample ' individual N ew coil-winding department at the East Pilton works of working space. Tho now de­ Bruce Peebles and Co., Ltd. partment is now in full o p e ra tio n . ceeded the 1945 figure by £175 12s, 4d. Lighting in Industry and was a record. Total expenditure of “ A’ Memorandum on Lighting in In­ £857 9s. exceeded 1945 expenditure by dustry,” prepared by the E.L.M.A. Light-

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1467 ing Service Bureau, and just published, is British Oil Engines, Ltd., for sets of 65 based on a report submitted by the Light­ kVA. Finns who wish to claim prefer­ ing Service Bureau to the various Working ence for delivery of these sets should give Parties set up by the President of the full details of tho work they are doing Board of Trado. Owing to the paper to the Regional Controller of the Ministry shortage a limited number of the booklets dealing with their products, when placing has been produced, but free copies will be an order with the suppliers. presented by the Lighting Service Bureau E.D.A. Sales Conference at Edinburgh to industrialists and members of the elec­ trical industry who can show that the The first post-war sales conference organised by the E.D.A. in Scotland, memorandum will be of assistance to them. The first) post-war illumination design which opened in the Edinburgh electricity showrooms yesterday, May 29, and will course to be held in Glasgow has been arranged as a complete refresher course conclude to-morrow, attracted some 50 delegates to each session. Four new films, for the electrical industry to take place at the E.L.M.A. Lighting Service Bureau for use in schools, are being shown. These of Scotland, 29, St. Vincent Place, on are “ Generation of Electricity,” “ Distri­ June 3, 4 and 5. It will be opened by bution of Electricity,” “ Simple Home Mr. J. M. Anderson, chairman of the Repairs,” and “ Tho Electric Iron.” L.S.B.S. Committee, at 9.45 a.m., on To-morrow morning the party will visit June 3. The lecturers will bo Messrs. the Portobello power station and the A. D. S. Atkinson, C. J. King (tho new Lothian Electric Power Co.’s distribution area engineer in Scotland), E. B. Sawyer, system. Yesterday, with Mr. J. F. Field, city electrical engineer of Edinburgh, in W. Robinson and T. O. Freeth. the chair, Mr. R. Lonsdale, deputy burgh I.E.E. Members at Pitlochry electrical engineer, Paisley, was to speak on Members of the Institution of Electrical “ Electric W ater Heating,” and Mr. J. G. Engineers on May 24, visited the area Curtis, deputj’- burgh electrical engineer of North of Scotland Hydro-Electric of Kirkcaldy, on “ Operation of a Service Board, and inspected the Tummol-Garry Department of an Electricity Undertak­ Scheme at Pitlochry. A special souvenir ing.” Mr. C. H. A. Collyns, general booklet was prepared by the Board manager of the Lothians Power Co., was wherein are described and illustrated the to preside for {i lecture to be given by Mr. various constructional schemes. W. Duncan, consumers’ engineer, Edin­ burgh Corporation, on “ Electrical Instal­ Presentation of Technical Information lations, Particularly in Housing Schemes,” At the request of many people who and another by Mr. A. B. Mavor, con­ were unable to gain admission to his lec­ sumers’ engineer, Lothians Electric Power tures on “ The Presentation of Technical Co., on “ Problems of the Sales Engineer Information,” at University College, Lon­ in Rural Areas.” Two members of don, Prof. R. 0. Kapp will repeat the Dundee electricity department, Messrs. course on Mondays, June 2, 9, 16 and 23, R. S. Goddard and G. Fowler, contribute at 5.30 p.m., at the I.E.E., Victoria Em­ “ Problems of the Sales Engineer in the bankment, W.C.2. Admission will be free. T o w n .” Trade Publications Received Breaking Records The first comprehensive post-war cata­ Celebrating the success of their produc­ logue to be published by the British tion drive to catch up on losses sustained Thomson-Houslon Co., Ltd., Crown House, during the fuel crisis, Hoover, Ltd., held Aldwych, London, lists all lamps on tho a fête for their employees at their Perivale company’s present manufacturing pro­ factory on Saturday, May 24. All records gramme. Leaflet 813 gives details of of tho company were broken during the all Mazda lamps for domestic lighting six weeks’ “ Forward to Prosperity ” p u rp o se s . campaign and production was 30 per cent, The latest , publications of the Sun higher than what had hitherto been con­ Electrical Co., Ltd., 118-120, Charing sidered a good normal output. The num­ Cross Road, London, giving details of ber of cleaners manufactured was double their switch and fuse gear, Suneo flexibles the pre-war production. and wires, and decorative lighting fittings, Diesel Electric Sets and a schedule of price advances and alterations for the company’s installation In connection with the scheme for the supplies catalogue. production of Diesel-electric sets, referred A new catalogue from the Bowthorpe to in our issu,e of May 16, we are asked Electric Co., Ltd., Goodtrie W orks, Brewer to state that ' firms wishing . to purchase Street, Oxford, giving full details of their sets should communicate direct with the overhead line fittings, including new makers concerned in this programme, i.e., insulated line taps and Bowtihorpe-Hartlev Davey, Paxman and Co., Ltd., Colchester, neutral links ; and a leaflet giving full for 65 to 330 kVA sets, and Associated particulars of their cable ferrules.

50 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1468 Contracts Open

W E give below the latest information Plympton St. Mary, June 14.—Supply, regarding contracts for which tenders testing and delivery of one * 500 kVA, are invited. In the case of overseas con­ 6 600/415/240 V outdoor transformer, tracts, particulars are to be had from the with on-load tap changing equipment. Board of Trade, Millbank, London, S.W .l Specification from Clerk to the Council, (comer Horseferry Road), unless otherwise Council Offices, Plympton. s ta te d : — Madras, J u n e 19.-— S u p p ly , d e liv e ry , Brighton, June 2.—Supply and delivery erection and commissioning of switehgear, of low voltage p.i. mains cable for one year reactors and auxiliary equipment for the from July 1, 1947. Particulars from Engi­ Basin Bridge “ B ” power station. neer and Manager, Corporation Electricity Specifications from Messrs. Merz and Mc- Department, Electric House, Castle Square, Lellan, Milburn, Esher, Surrey; deposit Brighton, 1; doposit, £1 Is. £5 5s. for first copy and £2 2s. for subse­ Bromley, June 3.—Supply and delivery quent copies. of l.t. cable, p.i.I.e. and s.t.a., 660 V ; e.h.t. Middlesbrough, June 21.—Supply and cable, p.i.I.e. and s.s.w.a., 3 300 V, 11 00 delivery of streeWighting equipment. V; l.t. pilot cable, p.i.I.e. and s.t.a.. 660 S pecification from Borough Electrical En­ V; three 750 kVA, 10 000/415/240 V gineer, Corporation Electricity Works, three-phaSe static transformers. Specifica­ Snowdon Road, Middlesbrough; deposit, tion from Borough Electrical Engineer, 1, £1 Is. West Streot, Bromley, Kent; deposit, £1 e a c h . Manchester, June 27.—Supply, delivery Melbourne, June 4.—Supply of porce­ and supervision of erection at the water­ lain disc insulators for 220 kV transmission works hydraulic power station of one lines, for State Electricity Commission of electrically-driven submersible borehole Victoria. Particulars from Agent-General pump with starting and control gear, etc. for Victoria, Victoria House, Melbourne S pecification from the Secretary, W ater­ Place, Strand, London, W.C.2; deposit works Offices, Town Hall, Manchester, 2; with tenders, £25. d e p o s it, £1 I s . Southport, June 7.—Supply to Gas De­ Warrington, June 30.—Supply of trans­ partment of one new or second-hand five- formers. Specifications from Borough ton electrically-driven lifting unit to bo Electrical Engineer, Electricity Works, attached to an existing hand-operated Warrington; deposit, £1 Is. travelling beam (220 V d.c.). Particulars Pretoria, July 1.—Supply, delivery and from General Manager, Gas Offices, 91, erection of one 180 000-lb. and one 27 000- Eastbank Street, Southport. lb. overhead electric travelling crane. Plymouth, June 7.-—Supply and delivery Specifications from City Electrical Engineer of alkaline batteries for switehgear dosing in Pretoria or from Messrs. Merz and and tripping, and interlocking warning tiles MoLellan, Carliol House, Newcastle-on- for underground cable protection. Tyne, 1; deposit, £2 2s. Specifications from City Electrical Birmingham, July 1.—Supply, delivery, Engineer, Armada Street,,Plymouth. erection, testing and putting to work of Brighouse, June 9.—Supply and delivery cast iron water pipework (up to 8 in . of two 11 000 V switchboards. Specifica­ diameter) and associated valves, hydrants, tion from Borough Electrical Engineer, fittings, etc., required at Hams Hall “ B ” Huddersfield Road, Brighouse. station. Specification from Chief Engineer West Hartlepool, June 10,—Supply and and Manager, Electric Supply Department, delivery of eight 500 kVA, single-phase, 14, Dató End, Birmingham; deposit, £2 50 cycles, 5 760/490/245 V transformers. Spccificatiori from Borough Electrical Engi­ Burnley, July 1.— Work and equipment neer, Electra,House, Church Street, West in connection with new electrical labora­ Hartlepool. tory at the Municipal College: (a) Supply Littleborough, June 11.-—Supply and and instillation of bus-bar assemblies in delivery of two 1 000 kVA transformers: suitable trunking system; (b) supply and and e.h.t. underground cables. Specifica­ installation of wiring, conduit, switch- tions from Electrical Engineer and gear, panels, etc., between machine sets, Manager, Council Offices, Littleborough. bus-bars and test benches; (c) supffiy of Middlesbrough, June 11.—Supply and transformer equipment; (d) supply of installation of public address system in various measuring instruments. Specifica­ the Town Hall. Specification from Town tions from Director of Education, Educa­ Clerk, Middlesbrough. tion Offices, Burnley.

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1469

Miniature ,, Push-Button Switch Specially developed for use in miniature equipments, but providing electrical character­ istics enabling it to be used for a wider field of circuit require­ ments. The switch embodies one pair of normally made and one’pair of normally open con­ tacts completely isolated from one another in all positions. By cross connection of the contacts single pole change-over can be obtained. Locking or non-lock­ ing facilities can be provided as required. FEATURES. Voltage rating, 250 A.C. RJM.S. Current carrying capacity ,T amperes. Av­ erage measured contact resistance, 0.01 ohms approx. Insulation resis­ tance 10,000 megohms.

DIMENSIONS

11¡■I at::

P A I N T 0 N 8- C 0 • LT D. KINGSTHORPE-’- - NORTHAMPTON.

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1470

Company News

MERTHYR ELECTRIC TRACTION AND LIGHT­ important one, as it was the first time for ING CO., l t d .— ¡Net rev. 1946 £49 020 over ten years in which the company had (£45 305). To exes. £12 538 (£12 323), been engaged almost exclusively on orders employees’ funds £512 (£390); depcn. other than those from Government depart­ £5 500 (£5 200), tax £17 231 (£23 639), ments. Orders on ¡hand were at the highest o rd . d iv . 8 % , less tax (same), fwd. £14 840 level ever known in the history of the ( £ 5 286). company, not excluding the war period, and covered a very wide range of industries LONDON ASSOCIATED ELECTRICITY UNDER­ and applications, notably electric equip­ TAKINGS, LTD.—'Net rev. aect. for 1946 ment for many of the new power stations, shows pnft. £401 898 (£401 121). To tax for mines, steelworks, and for almost every £20 789 (£22 995), pref. div. £75 400 application which depended on electric (same), ord. div. % (same) £279 S07 6 power. Their contribution to the rebuild­ (£279 553), stockholders’ res. acct. nil ing of the Merchant Navy iby the supply (£24 000); fwd., £26 135 (£232). of motors, switehgear and winches was ROTHBRMEL c o r p n ., l t d . — T ra d in g p r f t. second to none. They had suffered con­ 1946 £7 751 (£ 6 343), plus int., subsid. siderably during 1946 from shortage of CO., etc., £21 765 (£14 323), rnkg. £29 516 supplies, and this position was not improv­ ■(£20 666); less clirs.’ fees £1 300 (£912), ing. A real confidence in stable trading tax £3 354 (£2 310), ivg. £24 862 conditions to enable them to get on with <(£17 444).. To fin. div. 22*% (424%), the job without interference or interrup­ mkg. 35% (22*%), £24 052 (£10 340), tion was lacking, and the power cuts had fw d . £6 637 (£5 827). been a major disaster of which they wero still feeling the effects. NEWMAN INDUSTRIES, LTD.—Full aCCts. to Jan. 4 show bice, from trdg. aoc. £403 035 (£100 862), plus transfer fees, Company Meeting etc., £278 (£211); deduct dirs.’ fees £500 (same), pensions £847 (£804), depcn. London Electric W ire £49 136 (£17 161), Ivg. £82 830 (£82 608). To tax £34 000 (£49 655), div. on 6 % re d . C o m p a n y eonv. cum. pref. £4 760, on 6 % cu m . ptpg. prefd. £1 980, fin. div. of 12*% plus Record Order Book bonus 2*% on £241 863 ord., mkg. 22*°/ T he J8th annual general meeting of the London Electric Wire Company and Smiths, (7*% intm. was on £209 805 cap.; total Ltd., was held yesterday in London. paymts. for 1945 22*%); fwd. £36 101 Hr. W. J. Terry (chairman and managing <(£22 620). -Cons, net prfts., before tax, director), in the course of his speech, said: The profit for the year of £158 762 is £70 692 £ 1 0 9 122. more than in the previous year, due to a marked improvement in output and return MONTREAL LIGHT, HEAT AND POWER.— from investments. Shareholders who had not accepted the Home sales were increased in value and offer of the Quebec Hydro-Electric Com­ volume during 1946 over the previous year, hut the output was far below the demands mission to buy their stock at §25 a share and could have been greatly increased by have now been informed, in a letter from the relaxation of controls and adequate the late president of the company, that supplies of material and labour. Our Order Book is the largest on record, and although shareholders have now no alternative but there may be a certain amount of over­ to accept the Commission’s offer and turn ordering there is still a firm undertone. in their shares, which they m ay do through There was an increase in our export sales d u rin g 1946. their own bank. The letter states that The question which, looms so large in the duties of directors of the company were current events is " Nationalisation.” Now terminated by legislation as from May 10. that the mines are State-owned it is entirely the responsibility of the Government to Failing the presentation of a petition from ensure the production of ample supplies of any individual shareholder to the Dominion coal at reasonable prices. Government for a disallowance of the legis­ Notwithstanding that the many problems lation, it concludes, the fight that the of the management of coal mines have as yet to be solved, the Government is per­ directors had carried on to obtain ade­ sisting in the nationalisation of other in­ quate compensation had been brought to dustries—for example, electricity supply, a conclusion by the Government’s use of transport and many others to come. Surely it would have been wise first of all to prove its power to legislate. the policy of nationalisation by making a success of the coal industry, which affects LAURENCE, SCOTT AND ELECTROMOTORS, t.he whole population, before embarking upon l t d .—S peaking at the annual general meet­ further adventures. If is the opinion of your board that private enterprise is still the ing, Mr. G. H, Wilson (chairman) said that best policy for this country. the year under review was a particularly The report was unanimously adopted.

THE ELECTRICIAN JO M A Y 1947 1471

t was the immortal bard who, through the eyes of King Harry V., saw his men thus — "Straining upon the start."

In this year of grace, we of Sanders, are equally impatient to “Follow our Spirit," and proclaim the interesting and far reaching developments which have been taking shape in our organisation — b u t — it would be manifestly unfair to make such announcements, whilst conditions confine availability to the few when the need is th at of so many*

W e ask for the forbearance of our many friends until the time when we can truthfully say once more and even more emphatically —

Sanders for Service in all Senses. SANDERS WEDNESBURY

M AKERS O F GOOD SW1TCHGEAR FOR OVER FIFTY YEARS

WM. SANDERS « CO. ■ ( WEDNESBURY) LTD.. WEDNESBURY, STAFFS ,

50 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1472

C om m ercial Inform ation

Mortgages and Charges Bankruptcy proved in Creditor’s Petition, Section 1-1 (G.), Bankruptcy Act, 1914. NOTE.— The Companies Act of 1908 provides that every mortgage or charge shall be registered within RODGERS, Charles, 16, Howard Road, 21 days after its creation, and that every company Pomphlett, Devon, electrical engineer. shall, in its annual summary, specify the total amount Court : Plymouth. Date of Receiving of debt due from it in respect of mortgages or charges. The following mortgages and charges have been Order, May 8 , 1947. Act of Bankruptey registered. The total debt prior to the present creation, proved in Creditor’s Petition, Section 1-1 as shown in the annual summary, is given— marked (G.), Bankruptcy Act, 1914. with an *—followed by the date of the summary> but such total may have been reduced. Adjudication ELECTRICAL POWER MAINTENANCE SERVICE, ta rb o x , Frederick Alfred, 14, Hale lt d . , Birmingham.—April 15, mort. and Drive, Mill Hill, London, N.W.7, com­ charge, to Midland Bank, Ltd., securing pany director, trading and described in all moneys due or to become due to the' the Receiving Order as Tudor Electrical Bank; charged on land with workshops Services (a firm), Station Yard, Mill Hill, and six cottages thereon at Horseley Middlesex, electrical engineers. Court : Heath, Tipton, 70, Lower Essex Street, High Court of Justice. Date of Order, Birmingham, with machinery, fixtures, May 7, 1947. Date of Filing Petition, etc., and general charge. *Nil. Septem­ March 11, 1947. ber 19, 1945. a. pocock (bath), ltd., electrical a nd D ividen d radio engineors.—February 18, £350 de­ p e o v e r, H arry, residing at 94, Wharrier benture, to C. A. Ratcliffe, London; Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and carrying general charge. on business at Market Lane, Newcastle- upon-Tyne, electrical apparatus and tool Receiving Orders merchant. Court : Newcastle-upon-Tyne. ra y h a m NEON SIGNS (a firm), 4, Alex­ Amount per £—5§d. Supplemental. andra Crescent, Derker, Oldham, electrical Payable, Juno 3, 1947, a t The Official dealers. Court: Oldham. Date of Receiver’s Office, Gibb Chambers, West­ Receiving Order, May 12, 1947. Act of gate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Metal Prices Coming Events Monday, May 26 Friday, May 3 0 (To-day) Copper— Price Inc. Dec. Best Selected (nom.)...per ton£135 10 0 — — I.E.E., N. I r e l a n d Ce n t r e .—B elfast. Con- Electro Wire bars ... „ £137 0 0 — — versaiione and Presidential visit. 6.(5 p.m. H.O. Wires, basis ... „ £155 0 0 — — I.E.E.. L o n d o n St u d e n t s ' s e c t io n . — Sheet...... ,, £178 10 0 — — Bishopsgate. Table Tennis Contest. 7 p.m . Bronze Electrical quality Saturday, May 3 1 1% Tin— I.E.E., s. western Sub-Centre.—Totnes, S. Wire (Telephone) basis per ton £177 15 0 — — Devon. Summer Meeting. Brass (60/40)— Rod basis ...... „ Is. 2%d. — — Monday, June 2 W ire...... „ Is. 6>/2(L — — UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.—London. At the Iron and Steel— I.E.E. First lecture in the series. “ The Pre­ Pig Iron (E. Coast He­ sentation of Technical Information,” by Prof. matite No. 1) ...perton £8 19 0 — — B. O. Kapp. 5.30 p .m . Galvanised Steel Wire (Cable Armouring) Tuesday, June 3 basis 0.104 in. ... „ £ 3 4 5 0 - — Mild Steel Tape (Cable T h e in s t it u t e o f W e l d in g .—N ewcastle-on- Armouring) basis Tyne.—N. East Coast Meeting,. until June 6. 0.04 in.)...... „ • £21 15 0 — — Lead Pig— Wednesday, June 4 English ...... „ £91 10 0 — — I.E.E., SOUTHERN Ce n t r e .—P ortsmouth. Foreign and Colonial... „ £90 0 0 — — “ General Planning and Organisation of Tin— Colonial Telecommunication Systems,” by Ingot (minimum of C. Lawton and V. H. Winson. 7 p .m . 99.9% purity) ... „ £440 10 0 — — electric Vehicle association ,of great Wire, basis ...... perlb. 5s. 6%d. — — Britain.—London. At the Connaught -Booms: Aluminium Ingots ...perton £S0 0 0 — — Luncheon. 11.30 p .m . S p e lte r £70 0 0 — — Mercury (spot)... peibott. £17 3 6 — — Friday, June 6 Prices of galvanised steel wire and steel tape supplied bv OLE.. Transmission Section.—At- the Con­ O.M.A. Other metal prices supplied by B.I. Callender’a naught Booms. Section Dinner. 6 p .m . Cables, Ltd. The latter prices are nominal only, and do I.E.E., w e s t e r n Ce n t r e .—S t. Austell. not include any allowances for tariff charges. Commencement of Summer Meeting. THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1473 A NEW IDEA IN FILING THE M O D E R N ^ i^ W A Y A System which gives At-Sight Identification and Error - Proof OF MAKING SOLDERED JOINTS C e r t a i n t y ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

SHANNOGRAPH F O R S P L I T - SECOND FILING- AND FINDING You don’t require extra flux when you use Ersin Multicore Solder. It con­ tains 3 cores bf super­ If your filing system were just a place to active non-corrosive sin _ keep letters, you might as well use a waste Ersin Flux. Ensures « paper basket. rapid melting and flux It's the FINDING that matters. continuity, thus speed­ Plus, of course, speed’ in operation. ing up soldering opera­ U i m M Here are the facts about Shannograph: tions and eliminating First it is flat-topped. That is, the top of waste, with freedom each file is flat right across. That gives you from dry or H.R. joints. hrf •Lrr.rif a lot of space to use—name, address, tele­ Sound joints can readily phone (and many other things, as you will be made on oxidised see). And there are no tabs and the like surfaces. to catch in the cabinet, wear out or THUMfB- FUMIBLE through. Your EYE spots an y file at one glance. Then there's charting. Briefly, each letter of the alphabet is charted so that a “ B " In an “ A " section stands out like a sore thumb. For that matter, so does an “ Ab" in an “ Aa" section. Then there's “ suspension." Shannogra/ph MULTICORE SOLDERS LTD. is not the ordinary suspension system. Every MELLIER HOUSE, ALBEMARLE ST.. LONDON. W.l single folder is separately hung by steel ______Tel. : REGent Mil (P.B.X. 4 lines)______hangers on a steel frame. The folders don't touch the cabinet. That means less wear and tear. More speed. Longer life. Less cost. Last. . . . you can signal Shannograph— like you would a Shannon Visible System. Why not? Shannograph is a VISIBLE system of filing-finding. So signal it—to show when a reply ought to be expected. Or what degree PERMAHEAT of importance each firm has. Or any other item(s) of information you may want. Let’s sum up Sliannograph. It’s fool-proof. .ELECTRICALLY, You can’t make an error and hide it. It’s faster—the eye’s quicker than the thumb. It’s stronger. The folders last and last—and can be used and re-used for any purpose or HEATED BLANKETS" firm. Shannograph will go in your existing IS Years’ Manufacturing Experience cabinet—or desk drawer—or on your desk-top, or on a side table, counter or shelf. And it's moderate in first-cost and next-door-to-nothing in upkeep cost. Electrically Heated . . . Having said all this, there’s still a great deal more to be told. And you really should BLANKETS know about Shannograph—because there just isn’t anything else like it made. PADS Incidentally have you asked for free specimens of Shannon Visible Records? They CLOTHING cover sales, stocks and purchases, control plant maintenance, personnel, ledger MOTOR APPLIANCES accounts, etc., etc. It can be supplied from standardised stocks or to your own INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES specification. etc. C Q m oif^W /m t) The Shannon Limited, 553, Shannon Corner, PERMAHEAT LTD. New Malden, Surrey. • II, STEVENSON SQUARE, I am interested in the above system for correspon­ dence and for______MANCHESTER, 1 . Contractors to Admiralty, Air Ministry Jc M .A.P (Attach to your letterheading.)

SO M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1474

T h e Lathe that can

even turn a hair! PULTRA MICRO LATHES>re specially designed for the effi­ cient and accurate production of all sm all work Micro Photo o f hair actually turned on a Pultra Lathe.

Accesories available for milling, grinding, etc.

Write for Catalogue CA4

D l 11T D À I T H 24’ GRAVEL LANE, SALFORD r U L I K A L I V. MANCHESTER * Phone:BLA.9,

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1475

Made to British Standards and G.D. specifications, STERLING Insulated Cables and Flexibles are available in a wide range to fulfil all domestic and industrial applications. Any STERLING Flexible can be made up into “ ready-to-fit ” leads to meet individual require­ ments. We will gladly send you samples and fullest information on request.

Sterling Cable Co. Ltd., Queensway, Ponders End, Middlesex. Telephone : Howard 2611 and at Aldermaston, Berks. CABLES

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1 9 4 7 1476 BURDETTE D A Y AND N IG H T MACaulay FOR RELIABLE SERVICE 4 5 5 5 WE REPAIR, REWIND, AND REDESIGN A.C. AND D.C. MOTORS, ALTERNATORS ROTARY CONVERTERS AND CONTROLLERS. Nothing too Small. Nothing too Large. WE COLLECT AND D ELIV ER. BURDETTE & CO., LTD., Stonhouse Street, Clapham, LONDON, S.W.4 ESTABLISHED OVER 33 YEARS.

THE NAME

IS YOUR GUARANTEE

Two of the many first class electrical domestic appliances designed and manufactured at our works. We also supply:— Electric fires, boiling ring refractories, heating element spares, conduit fittings, bulk head and well glass fittings, battery charger equipment, hand lamps, radio accessories etc.

ELECTRICAL i GENERAL ACCESSORIES (LEICESTER)LTD. 7. NEWHALl STREET. BIRMINGHAM 3.

THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1477

tyvtduiated WIRES AND CABLES

INSTRUMENT WIRES : STRANDS & BRAIDS

TELEPHONE & RADIO CORDS & CABLES

RESISTANCE WIRES : GLASS COVERED CONDUCTORS

P.V.C. TUBINGS

ALPERTON -WEMBLEY- MIDDLESEX telephone: perivale 5621-2 TELEGRAMS: ENGINEYOR, PHONE, LONDON j o M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN 1478

S f f i c i e n t ELECTRO METHODS LTD. 112, BRENT STREET, LONDON, N.W.4. Telephone: Hendon 7-441 W h o l e s a l e also Gladstone 6611-2. Telegrams: "Tromedos, Hen, London.” S e r v i c e ! Starting Switches WIRING EQUIPMENT B.S.S. CONDUIT & F ITT I N G S f o r C.M.A. CABLES & FLEXIBLES Fluorescent Lamps SWITCH & USE GEAR SANDERS, M.E.M., CRABTREE, BRITMAC, M.K., WYLEX, TENBY, ELMA LAMPS, APPLIANCES & FITTINGS FLUORESCENT LIGHTING PRESSPAHN.LTD WASHBOI LE RS Electrical Insulativc Material Manufacturers

VAN DORN & WOLF TOOLS. Telephone Send enquiries and orders to,

R? JOHNSON, CLAPHAM & MORRIS LTD ! BRADFORD 7-9, SWAN STREET, MANCHESTER. 4. REGISTERED OFFICES : 'Phone: DcAns&ite S49 I HEAD OFFICE JACEM HOUSE. TRAFFORD PARK. M/c 17 38 WELL ST., BRADFORD, England

Do you know when fire will break out in your premises?

Be prepared against such a possibility. Install “ National” the most efficient fire THE fighting equipment on the market and take NATIONAL advantage of our main­ tenance service to en-_ FIRE PROTECTION sure you are always ready to combat the WRITE FOR COMPANY LIMITED. ADVICE ON ARGOSY WORKS danger wherever and YOUR OWN KINGSTONE ROAD PARTICULAR LEATHERHEAD • SURREY _ whenever it threatens. RISKS Telephone : LEA THERHEAD 220S

ITHE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1479

i m a m Hair,Drier

6 Slice Commercial Toaster

ROWLETT

400w. Electric Fire with Inde* Towel Airer pendent Boiling Ring

R E E L S LTD. BYRON STREET : PRESTON : ’PHONE: 3922

Makers of all kinds of wood and steel reels for the electric wire and cable trades. Our speciality:—Steel flanges with very strongly beaded edges in a wide range of diameters.

Try R E E L S L T D . for R'e'd E ffidgnt E S - e Ł'«ht S lron«

THE ELECTRICIAN _jo M A Y 1947 1480 MAKING < $ t ^ 0 F NIGHT WORK

\ \ ^

A wide flood of light over the whole working area puts an end to the confusing visibility of scattered lighting— a common cause of industrial accidents and restricted night work. The Simplex ‘ Reflecto-Flood,’ designed for the illumination of large open spaces, such as Docks, Car Parks and Railway Yards, casts a powerful light in a forward an* downward direction. This combined horizontal- vertical illumination from one lighting unit can be supplemented if necessary by an additional concentrated beam from a reflector behind the lamp. Connecting and fixing are very • Ref>cto - Floods ' simple either to poles or walls, and the ' Reflecto-Flood ' oT^te^oZk^— cnd is completely weather-proof make 11 s°fer

© “ (F t© ® ® OPEN TYPE FLOOD LIGHT A (fnl) PRODUCT. MADE BY SIMPLEX ELECTRIC CO. LTD., OLDBURY, BIRMINGHAM

30 M A Y 1947 THE ELECTRICIAN . . . . T O S W E

s u m m & c o n s u m ir