DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SPECIFICATION #1212.01 12.47Kv Grd Wye Padmount & Polemount
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Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications
NASPI-2018-TR-001 Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications A White Paper by the NASPI Distribution Task Team January 2018 Editor: Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Contributing Authors (in alphabetical order): Reza Arghandeh - Florida State University Kyle Brady - UC Berkeley Merwin Brown – UC Berkeley George R. Cotter – Isologic LLC Deepjyoti Deka – Los Alamos National Laboratory Hossein Hooshyar – Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute Mahdi Jamei – Arizona State University Harold Kirkham – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Alex McEachern – Power Standards Lab Laura Mehrmanesh – UC Berkeley Tom Rizy – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Anna Scaglione – Arizona State University Jerry Schuman – PingThings, Inc. Younes Seyedi – Polytechnique Montreal Alireza Shahvasari – UC Riverside Alison Silverstein - NASPI Emma Stewart – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Luigi Vanfretti – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Lingwei Zhan – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Junbo Zhao – Virginia Tech 2 Contents 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Premise of Distribution PMUs ........................................................................................ 6 1.2 What’s new? Synchrophasor technology ....................................................................... 7 1.3 Why bother? High-value uses for distribution monitoring ........................................... -
Vuspec Power Dist 2016
Notice of New Standard Products Title: IEEE Power, Distribution & Regulating Transformers Collection: VuSpec™ Summary (Abstract): IEEE Power, Distribution and Regulatory Transformer Collection: VuSpec™ contains the latest standards, guides, and recommended practices of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Transformers Committee. It also contains IEEE C57 series of standards. This collection represents the most complete resource available for professional engineers looking for best practices and techniques covering testing, repair, installation, operation, and maintenance of transformers, reactors, and associated components that are used within the electric utility and industrial power systems. These standards provide provides a crucial service to society's need for continuing development and maintenance of a reliable, safe, and efficient power system infrastructure. Table of Contents: Includes 104 active IEEE standards for Power Distribution & Regulating Transformers family. • IEEE Std 4-2012, IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques • IEEE Std 259™-1999 (R2010), IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulation for Dry-Type Specialty and General - Purpose Transformers • IEEE Std 638™-2013, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Transformers for Nuclear Power Generating Stations • IEEE Std 1276™-1997 (R2006), IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid- Immersed Power Transformers • IEEE Std 1277™-2010, IEEE Standard General Requirements -
Transformer Parameter Monitoring Using Gsm Module
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 TRANSFORMER PARAMETER MONITORING USING GSM MODULE Rashmi Ashok Panherkar 1, Prajakta Vaidya 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This paper present transformer parameter logic by feeler and which is position in pointer to monitoring using GSM module. The main advantages of this microcontroller. The indication is monitor as of scheme is using through GSM module. The devious of commencement to finish GSM Module.[3] transformer is over and done with by way of high temperature detector.GSM & Microcontroller used in wireless revelation. The bringing mutually is appliance to intellect the casing The reading and result of transformer like voltage, current, is tone of transformer and commencement in sequence to not allowed by using microcontroller & send sms through GSM monitor.[1]Sheltered headset which is also a microcontroller module. unit. It create organization flank via locate rate and position value, but some wrong step occur next convey interested in KeyWords: Wireless control System, GSM Module, existing person it is give you an idea about on LCD.[4] Microcontroller, Temperature Sensor. Technological assistance broken connected to decision the an collection of scheme to organize situations of 1.INTRODUCTION transformer by means of form of information communiqué construction as a result of the line of assail of pointed on A transformer is a piece of equipment used either for rising communiqué services, reserve inspection & critique in print or lowers the voltage of an a.c. supply with equivalent joined to processor and to end support embellish are bring reduces or enlarge in current. -
Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1
` DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING COURSES OFFERED CODE COURSE CREDITS YEAR/SEMESTER 15O A) FOUNDATION COURSES : (49 CREDITS) (COMMON FOR ALL PROGRAMMES) 0101 Communicative English – I 5 I/ODD 0102 Engineering Mathematics-I 8 I/ODD 0103 Engineering Physics – I 5 I/ODD 0104 Engineering Chemistry – I 5 I/ODD 0105 Engineering Physics- I Practical 1 I/ODD 0106 Engineering Chemistry – I Practical 1 I/ODD 0107 Communicative English – II 4 I/EVEN 0108 Engineering Mathematics-II 5 I/EVEN 0109 Applied Mathematics 5 I/EVEN 0110 Engineering Physics – II 4 I/EVEN 0111 Engineering Chemistry – II 4 I/EVEN 0112 Engineering Physics – II Practical 1 I/EVEN 0113 Engineering Chemistry – II Practical 1 I/EVEN B) CORE TECHNOLOGY COURSES : ( 43 CREDITS) 0201A Workshop Practical 1 I/ODD 0202 Engineering Graphics-I 3 I/ODD 0203 Engineering Graphics-II 3 I/EVEN 0204 Computer Applications Practical – I 1 I/ODD 0205 Computer Applications Practical – II 1 I/EVEN 3201 Electrical Circuit Theory 6 II/ODD 3202 Electrical Machines - I 5 II/ODD 3203 Electronic Devices and Circuits 5 II/ODD 3204 Electrical Circuits and Machines Practical 3 II/ODD 3205 Electronic Devices and Circuits Practical 3 II/ODD 3206 Electrical Workshop Practical 2 II/ODD 3207 Life and Employability Skills Practical 2 II/ODD 3208 Digital Electronics 5 II/EVEN 3209 Integrated CircuitsPractical 3 II/EVEN Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1 ` C) APPLIED TECHNOLOGY COURSES: (58 CREDITS) 3301 Electrical Machines – II 5 II/EVEN 3302 Measurements and Instruments 4 II/EVEN -
The Capacitor: Posi- Tive on One Side, Negative on the Other
TESLA COIL by George Trinkaus Third edition, originally ©1989 by George Trinkaus (ISBN 0-9709618-0-4) published by High Voltage Press in paper format High Voltage Press PO Box 1525 Portland, OR 97207 Content copyright ©2003 George Trinkaus Layout, design, and e-book creation are copyright ©2003 Good Idea Creative Services Published by Wheelock Mountain Publications, an imprint of Good Idea Creative Services Good Idea Creative Services 324 Minister Hill Road Wheelock VT 05851 www.tesla-ebooks.com i How To Use This Book Text links Click on red colored text to go to a link within the e-book. Click on blue colored text to go to an external link on the internet. The link will automatically open your browser. You must be connected to the internet to view the externally linked pages. Buttons The TOC button will take you to the table of contents. The left facing arrow will take you to the previous page. The right facing arrow will take you to the next page. ii Table Of Contents Preface . iv Tesla Free Energy . 1 How It Works. 5 How to Build It . 9 Tesla Lighting . 54 Magnifying Transmitter . 60 Tuning Notes. 66 For More Information. 69 Click on the red text or red page number to go to the page. iii Preface Invented by Nikola Tesla back in 1891, the tesla coil can boost power from a wall socket or battery to millions of high frequency volts. In this booklet, the only systematic treatment of the tesla coil for the electrical nonexpert, you’ll find a wealth of information on one of the best-kept secrets of electric technology, plus all the facts you need to build a tesla coil on any scale. -
Distribution Transformers
Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.1 CHAPTER 15 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS The purpose of a distribution transformer is to reduce the primary voltage of the electric distribution system to the utilization voltage serving the customer. A distribution trans- former is a static device constructed with two or more windings used to transfer alternating- current electric power by electromagnetic induction from one circuit to another at the same frequency but with different values of voltage and current. Figure 15.1 shows distribution transformers in stock at an electric utility company ser- vice building. The distribution transformers available for use for various applications, as shown, include pole-type (Figs. 15.2 and 15.3), pad-mounted (Fig. 15.4), vault or network type (Fig. 15.5), and submersible (Fig. 15.6). The distribution transformer in Fig. 15.2 is self-protected. It is equipped with a lightning arrester, a weak-link or protective-link expulsion-type fuse (installed under oil in the trans- former tank), a secondary circuit breaker, and a warning light. The transformer primary bushing conductor is connected to one phase of the three-phase primary circuit through a partial-range current-limiting fuse. The transformer tank is grounded and connected to the FIGURE 15.1 Electric utility distribution storage yard. Forklift trucks are used to load transformers on line trucks. Storage area is covered with concrete to pro- vide accessibility and protect transformers. 15.1 Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.2 15.2 CHAPTER 15 FIGURE 15.2 Typical pole-type dis- tribution transformer installation with the transformer bolted directly to the pole. -
Coupling for Power Line Communication: a Survey Luis Guilherme Da S
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 32, NO. 1, 2017. 8 Coupling for Power Line Communication: A Survey Luis Guilherme da S. Costa, Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz, Bamidele Adebisi, Vinicius L. R. da Costa, and Moises V. Ribeiro Abstract—The advent of power line communication (PLC) electric power cables. These power cables could be alternating for smart grids, vehicular communications, internet of things current (AC) or direct current (DC) power lines and the signals and data network access has recently gained ample interest in of PLC transceivers are subsequently coupled to them via a industry and academia. Due to the characteristics of electric power grids and regulatory constraints, the effectiveness of coupling circuit. In the case of power lines used to transmit coupling between the power line and PLC transceivers has AC power, the coupling circuit has also to filter out the AC become a very important issue. Coupling devices used to inject or mains signal. On the other hand, the coupling circuit simply extract data communication signals into or from power lines are has to block the DC mains voltage of the DC electric power very important components of a PLC system. There is, however, grids. an obvious gap in the literature for a detailed review of existing PLC couplers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new investigations of couplers, which are required for narrowband and broadband to characterize electric power grids as a medium for data PLC transceivers. Prevailing issues that protract the design of communication showed a higher potential in the range of couplers and consequently subtended the inventions of different frequencies between 5 kHz and 500 kHz [2]. -
Transformer Protection
Power System Elements Relay Applications PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM©2018 6/05/2018 Objectives • At the end of this presentation the Learner will be able to: • Describe the purpose of protective relays, their characteristics and components • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for transmission lines • Given a simulated fault on a transmission line, identify the expected relay actions • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for transformers and buses • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for generators • Describe the purpose and functionality of Special Protection/Remedial Action Schemes associated with the BES • Identify operator considerations and actions to be taken during relay testing and following a relay operation PJM©2018 2 6/05/2018 Basic Concepts in Protection PJM©2018 3 6/05/2018 Purpose of Protective Relaying • Detect and isolate equipment failures ‒ Transmission equipment and generator fault protection • Improve system stability • Protect against overloads • Protect against abnormal conditions ‒ Voltage, frequency, current, etc. • Protect public PJM©2018 4 6/05/2018 Purpose of Protective Relaying • Intelligence in a Protective Scheme ‒ Monitor system “inputs” ‒ Operate when the monitored quantity exceeds a predefined limit • Current exceeds preset value • Oil level below required spec • Temperature above required spec ‒ Will initiate a desirable system event that will aid in maintaining system reliability (i.e. trip a circuit -
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE the ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Mitch Tilbury New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159589-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149737-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. -
The Impulse Design of Transformer Oil-Cellulose Structures
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 13, No. 3; June 2006 477 The Impulse Design of Transformer Oil-Cellulose Structures J.K. Nelson and C. Shaw Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA ABSTRACT Transformer oil/cellulose structures are often designed based on a cumulative stress criterion derived from experimental tests at power frequency. However, such structures must also meet stringent impulse requirements defined by a Basic Insulation Level (BIL). The industry has tried to establish an equivalence factor to permit power frequency cumulative stress methods to be used to estimate impulse withstand strength. Since the mechanisms of failure differ substantially under surge conditions, there would seem no good reason to suppose that a universal equivalence factor is appropriate. Tests are reported using a 2.3 MV generator to document impulse failure of a number of bulk, creep and hybrid structures to establish the nature of this relationship through statistical comparisons with the established 50/60 Hz methods. Factors varied from 1.94 to 3.34, depending on the configuration. The methodology is described and the results discussed in the context of the design of oil-cellulose structures, having regard to complicating factors such as waveshape and electrode covering. The study permits some speculation about impulse design under hybrid situations (i.e. failure paths involving both creep and bulk liquid). Index Terms — Insulation design, oil/cellulose structures, cumulative stress, impulse withstand. 1 BACKGROUND paths may be categorized as either “bulk” through oil volumes, “creep” along cellulose surfaces (paper or THE “cumulative stress” method is in industrial use for the pressboard) or some combination of the two. -
Designed for Service in All Parts O F the World
AUTOMATIC including T runk Main Rural designed for service Unit Private in all parts o f the world Private Branch DY dose attention to technical detail MANUAL EXCHANGES of all types the Company has maintained Its position in the forefront of Telecom CARRIER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT munication Engineers throughout its long experience. Its products enjoy TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS of all types a world-wide reputation for sound TELEPHONE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT • design and technical excellence. PROTECTIVE DEVICES The Company undertakes the supply and installation of complete Auto- RELAYS matlcandManualTelephoneExchanges for Public and Private service, Auto TELEPHONE CABLES, WIRES & CORDS matic and Manual Trunk Exchanges, all types of Telephone Cables for LOADING COILS Trunk and Local Service, C arrier Transmission Equipment and Cables, MARINE RADIO EQUIPMENT Radio Equipments for Ships. SHIPS’ TELEGRAPHS & TELEPHONES CELLS & BATTERIES Dry, Fluid & Inert SIEMENS BROTHERS & CO., LIMITED ISTAtusHEPms WOOLWICH. LONDON. S.E.I8 TELEPHONE : WOOLWICH 2020 30 MAY 1947 SIXPENCE mm: «»». H k 3*ï RM »a BJS&» ¥ L*: b u i L ELECTROFLUX ‘ MAGNETIC CRACK DETECTION APPARATUS The Electroflux Universal Crack Detector will locate cracks in all directions. It is ideal for the rapid inspection of mass produced articles. Semi-automatic operation. TRAFFORD PARK ••• MANCHESTER 17. N/C70I THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1409 The Factory Manager gets asato hot w ater ! •VO'S e»V Yiot > %<>» to r i i0 o0.t& Ca° e?3 so in rfíXf tef ... • • 19 5OO VÖ1 fe<4o.Vr® •yec t o O-®” tn° î f lor VS° r&° ti» 6- / * # ie* - J / provÍ ct,at:¡A ^adj^L^ter 1,0 i.°°Ô !£* The model illustrated is just one from the w ide range o f G .E.C. -
Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Oil Using Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer
APPLICATION NOTE Gas Chromatography Authors: Tracy Dini Manny Farag PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Oil Using Introduction Nearly 90% of the world’s population does not Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer know life without the ubiquity of electricity. It is a luxury that gets taken for granted by most people and TurboMatrix HS Sampler every day. Panic often ensues when the electricity supply is interrupted, as witnessed in Manhattan during the July 13, 2019 blackout that left over 73,000 people without electricity for several hours. While no injuries or fatalities were reported in this case, history offers many accounts of chaos and safety risks following blackouts of this magnitude, especially in a major metropolitan city. To prevent such interruptions in electrical power, transformers must be properly maintained and monitored. An effective means of conducting routine monitoring towards this goal of reduced blackouts includes the analysis of oil insulting the transformers. Acting as both an insulator and coolant, insulating oil in electrical transformers is expected to meet demanding chemical, electrical, and physical properties to ensure proper functioning of the transformer and its internal components. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) offers reference test methods as guidance for performing required routine analysis on the oil. As the insulating oil is subjected to high intensity thermal and electrical conditions, decomposition occurs over time and forms gases that dissolve into the oil. ASTM D3612 Method C is a standard test method using a headspace sampler to extract these dissolved gases for GC analysis. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is performed on the oil to identify the gases and their concentrations.