Distribution Transformers–Medium and High Voltage Section 21
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Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications
NASPI-2018-TR-001 Synchrophasor Monitoring for Distribution Systems: Technical Foundations and Applications A White Paper by the NASPI Distribution Task Team January 2018 Editor: Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Contributing Authors (in alphabetical order): Reza Arghandeh - Florida State University Kyle Brady - UC Berkeley Merwin Brown – UC Berkeley George R. Cotter – Isologic LLC Deepjyoti Deka – Los Alamos National Laboratory Hossein Hooshyar – Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute Mahdi Jamei – Arizona State University Harold Kirkham – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Alex McEachern – Power Standards Lab Laura Mehrmanesh – UC Berkeley Tom Rizy – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Anna Scaglione – Arizona State University Jerry Schuman – PingThings, Inc. Younes Seyedi – Polytechnique Montreal Alireza Shahvasari – UC Riverside Alison Silverstein - NASPI Emma Stewart – Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Luigi Vanfretti – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alexandra von Meier - UC Berkeley Lingwei Zhan – Oak Ridge National Laboratory Junbo Zhao – Virginia Tech 2 Contents 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Premise of Distribution PMUs ........................................................................................ 6 1.2 What’s new? Synchrophasor technology ....................................................................... 7 1.3 Why bother? High-value uses for distribution monitoring ........................................... -
Vuspec Power Dist 2016
Notice of New Standard Products Title: IEEE Power, Distribution & Regulating Transformers Collection: VuSpec™ Summary (Abstract): IEEE Power, Distribution and Regulatory Transformer Collection: VuSpec™ contains the latest standards, guides, and recommended practices of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Transformers Committee. It also contains IEEE C57 series of standards. This collection represents the most complete resource available for professional engineers looking for best practices and techniques covering testing, repair, installation, operation, and maintenance of transformers, reactors, and associated components that are used within the electric utility and industrial power systems. These standards provide provides a crucial service to society's need for continuing development and maintenance of a reliable, safe, and efficient power system infrastructure. Table of Contents: Includes 104 active IEEE standards for Power Distribution & Regulating Transformers family. • IEEE Std 4-2012, IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques • IEEE Std 259™-1999 (R2010), IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Evaluation of Systems of Insulation for Dry-Type Specialty and General - Purpose Transformers • IEEE Std 638™-2013, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class 1E Transformers for Nuclear Power Generating Stations • IEEE Std 1276™-1997 (R2006), IEEE Guide for the Application of High-Temperature Insulation Materials in Liquid- Immersed Power Transformers • IEEE Std 1277™-2010, IEEE Standard General Requirements -
Mutual Inductance and Transformer Theory Questions: 1 Through 15 Lab Exercise: Transformer Voltage/Current Ratios (Question 61)
ELTR 115 (AC 2), section 1 Recommended schedule Day 1 Topics: Mutual inductance and transformer theory Questions: 1 through 15 Lab Exercise: Transformer voltage/current ratios (question 61) Day 2 Topics: Transformer step ratio Questions: 16 through 30 Lab Exercise: Auto-transformers (question 62) Day 3 Topics: Maximum power transfer theorem and impedance matching with transformers Questions: 31 through 45 Lab Exercise: Auto-transformers (question 63) Day 4 Topics: Transformer applications, power ratings, and core effects Questions: 46 through 60 Lab Exercise: Differential voltage measurement using the oscilloscope (question 64) Day 5 Exam 1: includes Transformer voltage ratio performance assessment Lab Exercise: work on project Project: Initial project design checked by instructor and components selected (sensitive audio detector circuit recommended) Practice and challenge problems Questions: 66 through the end of the worksheet Impending deadlines Project due at end of ELTR115, Section 3 Question 65: Sample project grading criteria 1 ELTR 115 (AC 2), section 1 Project ideas AC power supply: (Strongly Recommended!) This is basically one-half of an AC/DC power supply circuit, consisting of a line power plug, on/off switch, fuse, indicator lamp, and a step-down transformer. The reason this project idea is strongly recommended is that it may serve as the basis for the recommended power supply project in the next course (ELTR120 – Semiconductors 1). If you build the AC section now, you will not have to re-build an enclosure or any of the line-power circuitry later! Note that the first lab (step-down transformer circuit) may serve as a prototype for this project with just a few additional components. -
The Overall Power Factor Test: In-Depth
The Overall Power Factor Test: In-Depth © OMICRON Page 1 Copyrighted 2019 by OMICRON electronics Corp USA All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system or method, now known or hereinafter invented or adopted, without the express prior written permission of OMICRON electronics Corp USA. © OMICRON © OMICRON Page 2 Author Biography © OMICRON Page 3 Transformer Testing Support Contacts Brandon Dupuis Fabiana Cirino Logan Merrill Charles Sweetser Primary Application Engineer Application Engineer Primary Application Engineer PRIM Engineering Services Manager OMICRON electronics Corp. USA OMICRON electronics Corp. USA OMICRON electronics Corp. USA OMICRON electronics Corp. USA 60 Hickory Drive 60 Hickory Drive 3550 Willowbend Blvd. 60 Hickory Drive Waltham MA 02451 | UNITED STATES Waltham MA 02451 | USA Houston, TX 77054 | USA Waltham MA 02451 | USA T +1 800 OMICRON T +1 800 OMICRON T +1 800 OMICRON T +1 800 OMICRON T +1 781 672 6214 T +1 781 672 6230 T +1 713 212 6154 T +1 781 672 6216 M +1 617 901 6180 M +1 781 254 8168 M +1 832 454 6943 M +1 617 947 6808 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.omicronusa.com www.omicronenergy.com www.omicronenergy.com www.omicronenergy.com © OMICRON Page 4 2019 OMICRON Academy Transformer Trainings January 30th and 31st – Houston, TX https://www.omicronenergy.com/en/events/training/detail/electrical-diagnostic- -
Transformer Parameter Monitoring Using Gsm Module
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 TRANSFORMER PARAMETER MONITORING USING GSM MODULE Rashmi Ashok Panherkar 1, Prajakta Vaidya 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This paper present transformer parameter logic by feeler and which is position in pointer to monitoring using GSM module. The main advantages of this microcontroller. The indication is monitor as of scheme is using through GSM module. The devious of commencement to finish GSM Module.[3] transformer is over and done with by way of high temperature detector.GSM & Microcontroller used in wireless revelation. The bringing mutually is appliance to intellect the casing The reading and result of transformer like voltage, current, is tone of transformer and commencement in sequence to not allowed by using microcontroller & send sms through GSM monitor.[1]Sheltered headset which is also a microcontroller module. unit. It create organization flank via locate rate and position value, but some wrong step occur next convey interested in KeyWords: Wireless control System, GSM Module, existing person it is give you an idea about on LCD.[4] Microcontroller, Temperature Sensor. Technological assistance broken connected to decision the an collection of scheme to organize situations of 1.INTRODUCTION transformer by means of form of information communiqué construction as a result of the line of assail of pointed on A transformer is a piece of equipment used either for rising communiqué services, reserve inspection & critique in print or lowers the voltage of an a.c. supply with equivalent joined to processor and to end support embellish are bring reduces or enlarge in current. -
Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1
` DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING COURSES OFFERED CODE COURSE CREDITS YEAR/SEMESTER 15O A) FOUNDATION COURSES : (49 CREDITS) (COMMON FOR ALL PROGRAMMES) 0101 Communicative English – I 5 I/ODD 0102 Engineering Mathematics-I 8 I/ODD 0103 Engineering Physics – I 5 I/ODD 0104 Engineering Chemistry – I 5 I/ODD 0105 Engineering Physics- I Practical 1 I/ODD 0106 Engineering Chemistry – I Practical 1 I/ODD 0107 Communicative English – II 4 I/EVEN 0108 Engineering Mathematics-II 5 I/EVEN 0109 Applied Mathematics 5 I/EVEN 0110 Engineering Physics – II 4 I/EVEN 0111 Engineering Chemistry – II 4 I/EVEN 0112 Engineering Physics – II Practical 1 I/EVEN 0113 Engineering Chemistry – II Practical 1 I/EVEN B) CORE TECHNOLOGY COURSES : ( 43 CREDITS) 0201A Workshop Practical 1 I/ODD 0202 Engineering Graphics-I 3 I/ODD 0203 Engineering Graphics-II 3 I/EVEN 0204 Computer Applications Practical – I 1 I/ODD 0205 Computer Applications Practical – II 1 I/EVEN 3201 Electrical Circuit Theory 6 II/ODD 3202 Electrical Machines - I 5 II/ODD 3203 Electronic Devices and Circuits 5 II/ODD 3204 Electrical Circuits and Machines Practical 3 II/ODD 3205 Electronic Devices and Circuits Practical 3 II/ODD 3206 Electrical Workshop Practical 2 II/ODD 3207 Life and Employability Skills Practical 2 II/ODD 3208 Digital Electronics 5 II/EVEN 3209 Integrated CircuitsPractical 3 II/EVEN Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering PAGE 1 ` C) APPLIED TECHNOLOGY COURSES: (58 CREDITS) 3301 Electrical Machines – II 5 II/EVEN 3302 Measurements and Instruments 4 II/EVEN -
LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 Synchronous Push-Pull PWM Controllers
LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 Synchronous Push-Pull PWM Controllers FEATURES DESCRIPTIO U ■ High Efficiency Synchronous Push-Pull PWM The LTC®3723-1/LTC3723-2 synchronous push-pull PWM ■ 1.5A Sink, 1A Source Output Drivers controllers provide all of the control and protection func- ■ Supports Push-Pull, Full-Bridge, Half-Bridge, and tions necessary for compact and highly efficient, isolated Forward Topologies power converters. High integration minimizes external ■ Adjustable Push-Pull Dead-Time and Synchronous component count, while preserving design flexibility. Timing The robust push-pull output stages switch at half the ■ Adjustable System Undervoltage Lockout and Hysteresis oscillator frequency. Dead-time is independently pro- ■ Adjustable Leading Edge Blanking grammed with an external resistor. Synchronous rectifier ■ Low Start-Up and Quiescent Currents timing is adjustable to optimize efficiency. A UVLO pro- ■ Current Mode (LTC3723-1) or Voltage Mode gram input provides precise system turn-on and turn off (LTC3723-2) Operation voltages. The LTC3723-1 features peak current mode ■ Single Resistor Slope Compensation control with programmable slope compensation and lead- ■ ing edge blanking, while the LTC3723-2 employs voltage VCC UVLO and 25mA Shunt Regulator ■ Programmable Fixed Frequency Operation to 1MHz mode control with voltage feedforward capability. ■ 50mA Synchronous Output Drivers The LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 feature extremely low operat- ■ Soft-Start, Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting and ing and start-up currents. Both devices provide reliable Hiccup Mode Short-Circuit Protection short-circuit and overtemperature protection. The ■ 5V, 15mA Low Dropout Regulator LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 are offered in a 16-pin SSOP ■ Available in 16-Pin SSOP Package package. -
Distribution Transformers
Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.1 CHAPTER 15 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS The purpose of a distribution transformer is to reduce the primary voltage of the electric distribution system to the utilization voltage serving the customer. A distribution trans- former is a static device constructed with two or more windings used to transfer alternating- current electric power by electromagnetic induction from one circuit to another at the same frequency but with different values of voltage and current. Figure 15.1 shows distribution transformers in stock at an electric utility company ser- vice building. The distribution transformers available for use for various applications, as shown, include pole-type (Figs. 15.2 and 15.3), pad-mounted (Fig. 15.4), vault or network type (Fig. 15.5), and submersible (Fig. 15.6). The distribution transformer in Fig. 15.2 is self-protected. It is equipped with a lightning arrester, a weak-link or protective-link expulsion-type fuse (installed under oil in the trans- former tank), a secondary circuit breaker, and a warning light. The transformer primary bushing conductor is connected to one phase of the three-phase primary circuit through a partial-range current-limiting fuse. The transformer tank is grounded and connected to the FIGURE 15.1 Electric utility distribution storage yard. Forklift trucks are used to load transformers on line trucks. Storage area is covered with concrete to pro- vide accessibility and protect transformers. 15.1 Shoemaker_CH15.qxd 13/07/06 11:43AM Page 15.2 15.2 CHAPTER 15 FIGURE 15.2 Typical pole-type dis- tribution transformer installation with the transformer bolted directly to the pole. -
Coupling for Power Line Communication: a Survey Luis Guilherme Da S
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 32, NO. 1, 2017. 8 Coupling for Power Line Communication: A Survey Luis Guilherme da S. Costa, Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz, Bamidele Adebisi, Vinicius L. R. da Costa, and Moises V. Ribeiro Abstract—The advent of power line communication (PLC) electric power cables. These power cables could be alternating for smart grids, vehicular communications, internet of things current (AC) or direct current (DC) power lines and the signals and data network access has recently gained ample interest in of PLC transceivers are subsequently coupled to them via a industry and academia. Due to the characteristics of electric power grids and regulatory constraints, the effectiveness of coupling circuit. In the case of power lines used to transmit coupling between the power line and PLC transceivers has AC power, the coupling circuit has also to filter out the AC become a very important issue. Coupling devices used to inject or mains signal. On the other hand, the coupling circuit simply extract data communication signals into or from power lines are has to block the DC mains voltage of the DC electric power very important components of a PLC system. There is, however, grids. an obvious gap in the literature for a detailed review of existing PLC couplers. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new investigations of couplers, which are required for narrowband and broadband to characterize electric power grids as a medium for data PLC transceivers. Prevailing issues that protract the design of communication showed a higher potential in the range of couplers and consequently subtended the inventions of different frequencies between 5 kHz and 500 kHz [2]. -
132Kv Oil Impregnated Paper Bushing Transformer - Design by CAD, Analysed by FEM
Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 6(5A): 86-93, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujeee.2019.061510 132kV Oil Impregnated Paper Bushing Transformer - Design by CAD, Analysed by FEM N. Abd. Rahman1,*, M. Isa1, M. N. K. H. Rohani1, H A. Hamid1, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah2 1Center for Electrical System Engineering Studies, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia 2Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia Received September 4, 2019; Revised December 12, 2019; Accepted December 24, 2019 Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The Electric Field and Voltage Distribution value is, the higher the price of transformer is. Transformer (EFVD) are an important parameter for assessing high used to step up the value of voltage or vise versa. voltage bushing transformer performance. However, Stepping up transformer or power transformer normally used at generation station increases the value of voltage conducting laboratories experiment is dangerous, difficult before transmitting it to many places. Normally, the and expensive due to several aspects. Therefore, Finite values of voltage practices by Tenaga Nasional Berhad Element Method (FEM) software is the best option used (TNB) for their transmission are 132kV, 275kV and 500kV. as a tool for the assessment of bushing transformer's On the other hand, stepping down transformer or performance in terms of EFVD. But, before an assessment distribution transformer is used to reduce the value of of analysis could be carried out, an accurate model of voltage depending on consumer requirement. -
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE the ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Mitch Tilbury New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159589-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149737-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. -
Instruction Manual Installation Operation Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc
Instruction Manual Installation Operation Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved Maintenance Motor-Generator Set Synchronous Common Shaft Publication 350-03006-00 (07/18/2012) Kato Engineering, Inc. | P.O. Box 8447 | Mankato, MN USA 56002-8447 | Tel: 507-625-4011 [email protected] | www.KatoEngineering.com | Fax: 507-345-2798 Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................... 4 Foreword..................................................................................... 4 Safety instructions.......................................................................4 Ratings/description......................................................................4 Construction and Operating Principles.................................. 5 Stator...........................................................................................5 Rotor........................................................................................... 5 Brushless exciters....................................................................... 6 Installation................................................................................. 7 Receiving inspection................................................................... 7 Unpacking and moving............................................................... 7 Location...................................................................................... 7 Mounting....................................................................................