ZS 001 Substation Equipment—Power Transformer, All Ratings and ZS 001A Substation Equipment— Transformer-Specific Requirements
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Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator
Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator Summary Document A for Beginners by Vrand Thank you Zilano for sharing your very interesting design and we all wish you the very best, keep up the good work! Energetic Forum http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable-energy/ This is a short document describing the work of Zilano as posted on the Don Smith Devices thread at the Energetic Forum so that other researchers can experiment and build their own working free energy generator to power their homes. Zilano stated that this design was based on the combination works of Don Smith, Tesla, Dynatron, Kapanadze and others. Design Summary Key points : - "Reverse Tesla Coil" (in this document) - Conversion of high frequency AC (35kHz) to 50-60Hz (not in this document) "Reverse Tesla Coil" is where the spark gap pulsed DC voltage from a 4000 volt (4kv) 30 kHz NST (neon sign transformer) goes into an air coil primary P of high inductance (80 turns thin wire) that then "steps down" the voltage to 240 volts AC a low inductance Secondary coil centered over the primary coil (5 turns bifilar, center tap, thick wire) with high amperage output. The high frequency (35kHz) AC output can then power loads (light bulbs) or can be rectified to DC to power DC loads. Copper coated welding rods can be inserted into the air coil to increase the inductance of the air coil primary that then increases the output amperage from the secondary coil to the loads. See the below diagram 1 : Parts List - NST 4KV 20-35KHZ - D1 high voltage diode - SG1 SG2 spark gaps - C1 primary tuning HV capacitor - P Primary of air coil, on 2" PVC tube, 80 turns of 6mm wire - S Secondary 3" coil over primary coil, 5 turns bifilar (5 turns CW & 5 turns CCW) of thick wire (up to 16mm) with center tap to ground. -
Flux-Balance Control for LLC Resonant Converters with Center-Tapped Transformers
energies Article Flux-Balance Control for LLC Resonant Converters with Center-Tapped Transformers Yuan-Chih Lin, Ding-Tang Chen and Ching-Jan Chen * Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-3366-3366 (ext. 348) Received: 9 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 21 August 2019 Abstract: LLC resonant converters with center-tapped transformers are widely used. However, these converters suffer from a flux walking issue, which causes a larger output ripple and possible transformer saturation. In this paper, a flux-balance control strategy is proposed for resolving the flux walking issue. First, the DC magnetizing current generated due to the mismatched secondary-side leakage inductances, and its effects on the voltage gain are analyzed. From the analysis, the flux-balance control strategy, which is based on the original output-voltage control loop, is proposed. Since the DC magnetizing current is not easily measured, a current sensing strategy with a current estimator is proposed, which only requires one current sensor and is easy to estimate the DC magnetizing current. Finally, a simulation scheme and a hardware prototype with rated output power 200 W, input voltage 380 V, and output voltage 20 V is constructed for verification. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the DC magnetizing current and output voltage ripple at mismatched condition. Keywords: LLC resonant converter; center-tapped transformer; flux walking; flux-balance control loop; magnetizing current estimation 1. Introduction The LLC resonant converter is widely used in many different applications such as onboard chargers, server power systems, laptops, desktops, photovoltaic regeneration systems. -
The Capacitor: Posi- Tive on One Side, Negative on the Other
TESLA COIL by George Trinkaus Third edition, originally ©1989 by George Trinkaus (ISBN 0-9709618-0-4) published by High Voltage Press in paper format High Voltage Press PO Box 1525 Portland, OR 97207 Content copyright ©2003 George Trinkaus Layout, design, and e-book creation are copyright ©2003 Good Idea Creative Services Published by Wheelock Mountain Publications, an imprint of Good Idea Creative Services Good Idea Creative Services 324 Minister Hill Road Wheelock VT 05851 www.tesla-ebooks.com i How To Use This Book Text links Click on red colored text to go to a link within the e-book. Click on blue colored text to go to an external link on the internet. The link will automatically open your browser. You must be connected to the internet to view the externally linked pages. Buttons The TOC button will take you to the table of contents. The left facing arrow will take you to the previous page. The right facing arrow will take you to the next page. ii Table Of Contents Preface . iv Tesla Free Energy . 1 How It Works. 5 How to Build It . 9 Tesla Lighting . 54 Magnifying Transmitter . 60 Tuning Notes. 66 For More Information. 69 Click on the red text or red page number to go to the page. iii Preface Invented by Nikola Tesla back in 1891, the tesla coil can boost power from a wall socket or battery to millions of high frequency volts. In this booklet, the only systematic treatment of the tesla coil for the electrical nonexpert, you’ll find a wealth of information on one of the best-kept secrets of electric technology, plus all the facts you need to build a tesla coil on any scale. -
Transformer Protection
Power System Elements Relay Applications PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM©2018 6/05/2018 Objectives • At the end of this presentation the Learner will be able to: • Describe the purpose of protective relays, their characteristics and components • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for transmission lines • Given a simulated fault on a transmission line, identify the expected relay actions • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for transformers and buses • Identify the characteristics of the various protection schemes used for generators • Describe the purpose and functionality of Special Protection/Remedial Action Schemes associated with the BES • Identify operator considerations and actions to be taken during relay testing and following a relay operation PJM©2018 2 6/05/2018 Basic Concepts in Protection PJM©2018 3 6/05/2018 Purpose of Protective Relaying • Detect and isolate equipment failures ‒ Transmission equipment and generator fault protection • Improve system stability • Protect against overloads • Protect against abnormal conditions ‒ Voltage, frequency, current, etc. • Protect public PJM©2018 4 6/05/2018 Purpose of Protective Relaying • Intelligence in a Protective Scheme ‒ Monitor system “inputs” ‒ Operate when the monitored quantity exceeds a predefined limit • Current exceeds preset value • Oil level below required spec • Temperature above required spec ‒ Will initiate a desirable system event that will aid in maintaining system reliability (i.e. trip a circuit -
The Impulse Design of Transformer Oil-Cellulose Structures
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 13, No. 3; June 2006 477 The Impulse Design of Transformer Oil-Cellulose Structures J.K. Nelson and C. Shaw Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA ABSTRACT Transformer oil/cellulose structures are often designed based on a cumulative stress criterion derived from experimental tests at power frequency. However, such structures must also meet stringent impulse requirements defined by a Basic Insulation Level (BIL). The industry has tried to establish an equivalence factor to permit power frequency cumulative stress methods to be used to estimate impulse withstand strength. Since the mechanisms of failure differ substantially under surge conditions, there would seem no good reason to suppose that a universal equivalence factor is appropriate. Tests are reported using a 2.3 MV generator to document impulse failure of a number of bulk, creep and hybrid structures to establish the nature of this relationship through statistical comparisons with the established 50/60 Hz methods. Factors varied from 1.94 to 3.34, depending on the configuration. The methodology is described and the results discussed in the context of the design of oil-cellulose structures, having regard to complicating factors such as waveshape and electrode covering. The study permits some speculation about impulse design under hybrid situations (i.e. failure paths involving both creep and bulk liquid). Index Terms — Insulation design, oil/cellulose structures, cumulative stress, impulse withstand. 1 BACKGROUND paths may be categorized as either “bulk” through oil volumes, “creep” along cellulose surfaces (paper or THE “cumulative stress” method is in industrial use for the pressboard) or some combination of the two. -
Designed for Service in All Parts O F the World
AUTOMATIC including T runk Main Rural designed for service Unit Private in all parts o f the world Private Branch DY dose attention to technical detail MANUAL EXCHANGES of all types the Company has maintained Its position in the forefront of Telecom CARRIER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT munication Engineers throughout its long experience. Its products enjoy TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS of all types a world-wide reputation for sound TELEPHONE SWITCHING EQUIPMENT • design and technical excellence. PROTECTIVE DEVICES The Company undertakes the supply and installation of complete Auto- RELAYS matlcandManualTelephoneExchanges for Public and Private service, Auto TELEPHONE CABLES, WIRES & CORDS matic and Manual Trunk Exchanges, all types of Telephone Cables for LOADING COILS Trunk and Local Service, C arrier Transmission Equipment and Cables, MARINE RADIO EQUIPMENT Radio Equipments for Ships. SHIPS’ TELEGRAPHS & TELEPHONES CELLS & BATTERIES Dry, Fluid & Inert SIEMENS BROTHERS & CO., LIMITED ISTAtusHEPms WOOLWICH. LONDON. S.E.I8 TELEPHONE : WOOLWICH 2020 30 MAY 1947 SIXPENCE mm: «»». H k 3*ï RM »a BJS&» ¥ L*: b u i L ELECTROFLUX ‘ MAGNETIC CRACK DETECTION APPARATUS The Electroflux Universal Crack Detector will locate cracks in all directions. It is ideal for the rapid inspection of mass produced articles. Semi-automatic operation. TRAFFORD PARK ••• MANCHESTER 17. N/C70I THE ELECTRICIAN 30 M A Y 1947 1409 The Factory Manager gets asato hot w ater ! •VO'S e»V Yiot > %<>» to r i i0 o0.t& Ca° e?3 so in rfíXf tef ... • • 19 5OO VÖ1 fe<4o.Vr® •yec t o O-®” tn° î f lor VS° r&° ti» 6- / * # ie* - J / provÍ ct,at:¡A ^adj^L^ter 1,0 i.°°Ô !£* The model illustrated is just one from the w ide range o f G .E.C. -
Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Oil Using Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer
APPLICATION NOTE Gas Chromatography Authors: Tracy Dini Manny Farag PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer Oil Using Introduction Nearly 90% of the world’s population does not Transformer Oil Gas Analyzer know life without the ubiquity of electricity. It is a luxury that gets taken for granted by most people and TurboMatrix HS Sampler every day. Panic often ensues when the electricity supply is interrupted, as witnessed in Manhattan during the July 13, 2019 blackout that left over 73,000 people without electricity for several hours. While no injuries or fatalities were reported in this case, history offers many accounts of chaos and safety risks following blackouts of this magnitude, especially in a major metropolitan city. To prevent such interruptions in electrical power, transformers must be properly maintained and monitored. An effective means of conducting routine monitoring towards this goal of reduced blackouts includes the analysis of oil insulting the transformers. Acting as both an insulator and coolant, insulating oil in electrical transformers is expected to meet demanding chemical, electrical, and physical properties to ensure proper functioning of the transformer and its internal components. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) offers reference test methods as guidance for performing required routine analysis on the oil. As the insulating oil is subjected to high intensity thermal and electrical conditions, decomposition occurs over time and forms gases that dissolve into the oil. ASTM D3612 Method C is a standard test method using a headspace sampler to extract these dissolved gases for GC analysis. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is performed on the oil to identify the gases and their concentrations. -
Published Articles Balun Modeling for Differential Amplifiers
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2019 WCECS 2019, October 22-24, 2019, San Francisco, USA Balun Modeling for Differential Amplifiers Kun Chen, Zheng Liu, Xuelin Hong, Ruinan Chang, and Weimin Sun Abstract—This work proposes an improved lumped element model. Particular for this core is an additional element which model for accurately characterizing transformer based baluns. will be shown later to play a critical role in modeling The model can accurately describe balun behaviors for both common mode behavior. Section III will derive the formulae differential and common modes. Lumped elements extraction from Y parameter is presented, and the relationship between for extracting the model elements from the Y parameter. In the proposed model and the classic compact transformer model Section IV, the differential, common and divider modes will is derived. Numerical results will be presented to validate the be analyzed separately, where we will justify the addition of accuracy of the proposed model. the extra element in the transformer core. Section V will Index Terms—balun modeling, transformer modeling, push- discuss the relationship of the proposed transformer core pull amplifiers, power amplifier (PA), compact model, differen- model with the popular compact model that is based on ideal tial mode, common mode, mutual inductance. transformers and leakage and magnitization inductances. Section VI will discuss the physics and modeling of the I. INTRODUCTION common mode mutual inductance. And in Section VII, some RANSFORMERS are important passive components straight-forward adaptations of the transformer core for more T which have various applications such as broadband accurate modeling of actual transformer baluns, followed by impedance matching, power combining and dividing. -
Electrical Engineering Diploma Based 73 Important Mcq Pdf
WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA BASED 73 IMPORTANT MCQ PDF 1.The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to (a) voltage (b) current (c) capacitance (d) charge (e) none of the above Ans: a 2.In electrical-pneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to (a) velocity (b) pressure (c) air flow (d) air flow rate Ans: d 3.In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous to (a) head (b) liquid flow (c) liquid flow rate (d) none of the above Ans: a 4.The viscous friction co-efficient, in force-voltage analogy, is analogous to (a) charge (b) resistance (c) reciprocal of inductance (d) reciprocal of conductance (e) none of the above Ans: b 5.In force-voltage analogy, velocity is analogous to (a) current (b) charge (c) inductance (d) capacitance Ans: a 6.In thermal-electrical analogy charge is considered analogous to WWW.ALLEXAMREVIEW.COM (a) heat flow (b) reciprocal of heat flow (c) reciprocal of temperature (d) temperature (e) none of the above Ans: d 7.Mass, in force-voltage analogy, is analogous to (a) charge (b) current (c) inductance (d) resistance Ans: c 8.In a stable control system backlash can cause which of the following ? (a) Underdamping (b) Overdamping (c) Poor stability at reduced values of open loop gain (d) Low-level oscillations Ans: d 9.In an automatic control system which of the following elements is not used ? (a) Error detector (b) Final control element (c) Sensor (d) Oscillator Ans: d 10.In a control system the output -
Tesla Coil Works
Matt Behrend http://home.earthlink.net/~electronxlc/ How a Tesla Coil works On this page, I will explain the basic theory of how a Tesla coil works. Below is the Table of Contents for this page. z Description of Components z How the Components Operate z LC Circuits z Voltage Gain z Resonant Rise z Oscillation and Tuning z Quarter Wavelength Frequency Description of Components A Tesla coil is a high-voltage air-core resonant transformer. A Tesla coil has 6 basic components. The first is the primary transformer, which is a high-voltage iron-core transformer. The second is the tank capacitor, which is a high-voltage capacitor that is usually homemade, but can be purchased for a high price from commercial suppliers. The third is the spark gap, basically two wires separated by a small gap of air. The fourth is the primary coil consisting of about 10 to 15 turns of thick heavy gauge wire wound around the base of the secondary coil. The fifth is the secondary coil, and it consists of many hundreds of turns of relatively thin, small gauge enameled wire. The primary and secondary coils make up an air-core transformer. That means that there is no iron core inside of the coils. The sixth basic component is the toroid. It is usually an aluminum doughnut-shaped object, and placed on top of the secondary coil. The high-voltage sparks radiate in all directions from the toroid out into the air. How the Components Operate The primary transformer converts the AC line voltage (120/240 volts AC) to over 10,000 volts. -
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SPECIFICATION #1212.01 12.47Kv Grd Wye Padmount & Polemount
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SPECIFICATION #1212.01 12.47kV Grd Wye Padmount & Polemount June 7, 2019 Page 1 of 17 Material Specification 1212.01 Distribution Transformers – Padmount & Polemount TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2 STANDARDS .................................................................................................................................. 3 3 EVALUATION AND AWARD ..................................................................................................... 3 4 INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED WITH BID ................................................................... 4 5 POLEMOUNT TRANSFORMERS .............................................................................................. 6 6 PAD MOUNT TRANSFORMER – SINGLE PHASE ................................................................ 8 7 PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS – THREE PHASE ....................................................... 11 8 TRANSFORMER OIL ................................................................................................................. 15 9 NOISE ............................................................................................................................................ 15 10 PAINT FINISH ............................................................................................................................. 15 11 INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................... -
Wireless Interconnect Using Inductive Coupling in 3D-Ics by Sang Wook
Wireless Interconnect using Inductive Coupling in 3D-ICs by Sang Wook Han A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Electrical Engineering) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Assistant Professor David D. Wentzloff, Chair Professor David Blaauw Professor Karl Grosh Professor John Patrick Hayes TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... viii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... ix Chapter I. Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 I.1 3DIC ................................................................................................................. 4 I.2 Through-Silicon-Vias ....................................................................................... 7 I.3 Capacitive Coupling ......................................................................................... 8 I.4 Inductive Coupling ......................................................................................... 10 I.4.1 ... Inductive Data Link ................................................................................. 12 I.4.2 ... Inductive Power Link .............................................................................