Published Articles Balun Modeling for Differential Amplifiers
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Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator
Zilano Design for "Reverse Tesla Coil" Free Energy Generator Summary Document A for Beginners by Vrand Thank you Zilano for sharing your very interesting design and we all wish you the very best, keep up the good work! Energetic Forum http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable-energy/ This is a short document describing the work of Zilano as posted on the Don Smith Devices thread at the Energetic Forum so that other researchers can experiment and build their own working free energy generator to power their homes. Zilano stated that this design was based on the combination works of Don Smith, Tesla, Dynatron, Kapanadze and others. Design Summary Key points : - "Reverse Tesla Coil" (in this document) - Conversion of high frequency AC (35kHz) to 50-60Hz (not in this document) "Reverse Tesla Coil" is where the spark gap pulsed DC voltage from a 4000 volt (4kv) 30 kHz NST (neon sign transformer) goes into an air coil primary P of high inductance (80 turns thin wire) that then "steps down" the voltage to 240 volts AC a low inductance Secondary coil centered over the primary coil (5 turns bifilar, center tap, thick wire) with high amperage output. The high frequency (35kHz) AC output can then power loads (light bulbs) or can be rectified to DC to power DC loads. Copper coated welding rods can be inserted into the air coil to increase the inductance of the air coil primary that then increases the output amperage from the secondary coil to the loads. See the below diagram 1 : Parts List - NST 4KV 20-35KHZ - D1 high voltage diode - SG1 SG2 spark gaps - C1 primary tuning HV capacitor - P Primary of air coil, on 2" PVC tube, 80 turns of 6mm wire - S Secondary 3" coil over primary coil, 5 turns bifilar (5 turns CW & 5 turns CCW) of thick wire (up to 16mm) with center tap to ground. -
What Is a Balun?
What is a Balun? A balun is a small transformer which converts an audio or video signal from unbalanced to balanced and vice-versa. By doing so, baluns make the necessary impedance adjustment for A/V signal transmission between different types of wiring. An example is to use the Cables for Less 052-122 model to send HDTV signals on component video cables up to 500’ away using a single CAT5e wire! Why would I use a Balun? Baluns extend transmission distances. Baluns allow you to extend audio/video signals which are limited to short lengths when utilizing standard cables. For example using baluns from Cables for Less allows you to send: • Analog audio as far as 500 feet • Digital audio as far as 500 feet • Composite video as far as 500 feet • Component video at up to 1080i/p HDTV resolutions as far as 500 feet • All of this using reliable passive (no power supply) Baluns! Baluns can use existing wiring. Many buildings and homes already have CAT5e wiring installed! If this is the case for you, the hard work is already done. Just connect a Balun at each end of the cable run with whichever signal wire you need, such as audio or video, to connect the baluns to source and destination equipment. Baluns lower installation cost. In many installations, the cost of your Cables for Less Baluns in addition to the required CAT5e or CAT6 cable is far less than the cost of standard cables, especially for longer distances. Increase efficiency and simplify installations. Traditionally, a single cable could not transmit both audio and video. -
Active Balun with Center-Tapped Inductor and Double-Balanced Gilbert Mixer for GNSS Applications
electronics Article Active Balun with Center-Tapped Inductor and Double-Balanced Gilbert Mixer for GNSS Applications Daniel Pietron 1,* , Tomasz Borejko 1,2 and Witold Adam Pleskacz 1 1 Institute of Microelectronics & Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] or [email protected] (T.B.); [email protected] (W.A.P.) 2 ChipCraft Sp. z o.o., ul. Dobrza´nskiego3, lok. BS073, 20-262 Lublin, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A new 1.575 GHz active balun with a classic double-balanced Gilbert mixer for global navigation satellite systems is proposed herein. A simple, low-noise amplifier architecture is used with a center-tapped inductor to generate a differential signal equal in amplitude and shifted in phase by 180◦. The main advantage of the proposed circuit is that the phase shift between the outputs is always equal to 180◦, with an accuracy of ±5◦, and the gain difference between the balun outputs does not change by more than 1.5 dB. This phase shift and gain difference between the outputs are also preserved for all process corners, as well as temperature and voltage supply variations. In the balun design, a band calibration system based on a switchable capacitor bank is proposed. The balun and mixer were designed with a 110 nm CMOS process, consuming only a 2.24 mA current from a 1.5 V supply. The measured noise figure and conversion gain of the balun and mixer were, respectively, NF = 7.7 dB and GC = 25.8 dB in the band of interest. -
The Study of Electromagnetic Processes in the Experiments of Tesla
The study of electromagnetic processes in the experiments of Tesla B. Sacco1, A.K. Tomilin 2, 1 RAI, Center for Research and Technological Innovation (Turin, Italy), [email protected] 2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), [email protected] The Tesla wireless transmission of energy original experiment, proposed again in a downsized scale by K. Meyl, has been replicated in order to test the hypothesis of the existence of electroscalar (longitudinal) waves. Additional experiments have been performed, in which we have investigated the features of the electromagnetic processes between the two spherical antennas. In particular, the origin of coils resonances has been measured and analyzed. Resonant frequencies calculated on the basis of the generalized electrodynamic theory, are in good agreement with the experimental values found. Keywords: Tesla transformer, K. Meyl experiments, electroscalar waves, generalized electrodynamics, coil resonant frequency. 1. Introduction In the early twentieth century, Tesla conducted experiments in which he demonstrated unusual properties of electromagnetic waves. Results of experiments have been published in the newspapers, and many devices were patented (e.g. [1]). However, such work has not received suitable theoretical explanation, and so far no practical application of the results have been developed. One hundred years later, Professor K. Meyl [2] aimed to reproduce the same experiments using a miniature, laboratory version of the Tesla setup, arguing that it can help to detect unusual phenomena that are explained by the presence of electroscalar (longitudinal) waves, namely: • the reaction on the transmitter of the presence of the receiver; • the transmission of scalar waves with a speed of 1,5 times the speed of light; • the inefficiency of a Faraday cage in shielding scalar waves, and • the possibility of wireless transmission of electrical energy. -
Flux-Balance Control for LLC Resonant Converters with Center-Tapped Transformers
energies Article Flux-Balance Control for LLC Resonant Converters with Center-Tapped Transformers Yuan-Chih Lin, Ding-Tang Chen and Ching-Jan Chen * Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-3366-3366 (ext. 348) Received: 9 July 2019; Accepted: 19 August 2019; Published: 21 August 2019 Abstract: LLC resonant converters with center-tapped transformers are widely used. However, these converters suffer from a flux walking issue, which causes a larger output ripple and possible transformer saturation. In this paper, a flux-balance control strategy is proposed for resolving the flux walking issue. First, the DC magnetizing current generated due to the mismatched secondary-side leakage inductances, and its effects on the voltage gain are analyzed. From the analysis, the flux-balance control strategy, which is based on the original output-voltage control loop, is proposed. Since the DC magnetizing current is not easily measured, a current sensing strategy with a current estimator is proposed, which only requires one current sensor and is easy to estimate the DC magnetizing current. Finally, a simulation scheme and a hardware prototype with rated output power 200 W, input voltage 380 V, and output voltage 20 V is constructed for verification. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the DC magnetizing current and output voltage ripple at mismatched condition. Keywords: LLC resonant converter; center-tapped transformer; flux walking; flux-balance control loop; magnetizing current estimation 1. Introduction The LLC resonant converter is widely used in many different applications such as onboard chargers, server power systems, laptops, desktops, photovoltaic regeneration systems. -
Novel Implementations of Wideband Tightly Coupled Dipole Arrays for Wide-Angle Scanning
Novel Implementations of Wideband Tightly Coupled Dipole Arrays for Wide-Angle Scanning Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ersin Yetisir, B.S., M.S. Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: John L. Volakis, Advisor Nima Ghalichechian, Co-advisor Chi-Chih Chen Fernando L. Teixeira © Copyright by Ersin Yetisir 2015 Abstract Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas and arrays are essential for high data rate communications and for addressing spectrum congestion. Tightly coupled dipole arrays (TCDAs) are of particular interest due to their low-profile, bandwidth and scanning range. But existing UWB (>3:1 bandwidth) arrays still suffer from limited scanning, particularly at angles beyond 45° from broadside. Almost all previous wideband TCDAs have employed dielectric layers above the antenna aperture to improve scanning while maintaining impedance bandwidth. But even so, these UWB arrays have been limited to no more than 60° away from broadside. In this work, we propose to replace the dielectric superstrate with frequency selective surfaces (FSS). In effect, the FSS is used to create an effective dielectric layer placed over the antenna array. FSS also enables anisotropic responses and more design freedom than conventional isotropic dielectric substrates. Another important aspect of the FSS is its ease of fabrication and low weight, both critical for mobile platforms (e.g. unmanned air vehicles), especially at lower microwave frequencies. Specifically, it can be fabricated using standard printed circuit technology and integrated on a single board with active radiating elements and feed lines. -
End Fed Half Wave Balun Project
END FED HALF WAVE BALUN PROJECT Alachua County ARES / North Florida Amateur Radio Club Copyright 2019 G. Gibby KX4Z Non commercial usage by amateur radio operators expressly allowed. Commercial usage expressly allowed after notification to [email protected] September 1, 2019 DESCRIPTION 1:49 Auto-transformer Balun converts 50 ohm input to approximately 2450 ohm output. Loss approximately 1.5 dB 3-20+ MHz. (See measurement, Appendix) Constructed using 14 turns of #18 PTFE insulated stranded wire on a Teflon-tape wrapped FT-140-43 toroid, with a tap at 2 turns for the 50 ohm input. (For higher power, use a FT-240-43 toroid) Suggested power limits assuming the device is NOT IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT:: SSB, not using a voice 100 W PEP compressor CW 50-75 watts Digital 50 watts average Common Mode choke: For digital you may well wish to add a 1:1 current Balun in your coax to reduce unwanted common-mode currents on the outside of your coax which can play havoc with your digital systems Materials: • FT-140-43 toroid. (consider kitsandparts.com) • "Gas" type PTFE tape (Teflon) -- 13" long (cut with SHARP scissors) • #18 PTFE white wire, 32" long • #18 PTFE red wire, 3-1/2" long • Pre-drilled handy electrical 1/2 high box • 5/8"dia. hole for SO-239 • 1/16" holes for sheet metal screws (2) to hold SO-239 • 5/16" dia holes for the banana plug jacks • #6 sheet metal screws (2) • 2 banana plug jacks -- black for the GROUNDED connector, • RED for the hot connector (>2k ohms impedance) • SO-239 chassis-mount connector • 2 #6x 3/8 or 1/2" sheet metal screws 1 • Electrical Handy Box • Cover for handy box. -
Open-Wire Line – a Novel Approach
Open-Wire Line – A Novel Approach Quantitative tests reveal an easy home-brew method to gain the advantage of low-loss 450 Ohm window line, in places you may have never considered by John Portune W6NBC Coax became popular with the growth of radio in WWII. Hams quickly forgot open-wire line. Yet ladder-type open line has a big advantage over coax – low loss. It is several times better. Why then do so many hams overlook this benefit today? Mostly, I suspect it’s because of ham chit-chat. “Open line” we’ve all been cautioned, “can’t be used near solid objects, especially metal.” Or you shouldn’t run it through a stucco wall, or over a metal window frame. And don’t even dream of laying it right on the ground, in a flower bed or on a metal roof. It may come as a big surprise, but the tests I present in this article strongly suggest that these “no-nos” are largely untrue. You‘ll also see an easy home-brew method for using open line in adverse situations you may have never even considered. I began investigating this topic while prototyping an all-band HF flagpole vertical. (See end of article.) It wasn’t even close to 50 Ohms. Had I fed it with coax, I would have incurred serious line losses. Could I instead feed it with open-wire line? Was it sheer foolishness to even consider laying open- wire line right on the ground or in a flower bed? But that’s where my flagpole’s feed line has to run to get to the feed point. -
Non-Invasive Picosecond Pulse System for Electrostimulation
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations Electrical & Computer Engineering Spring 2018 Non-Invasive Picosecond Pulse System for Electrostimulation Ross Aaron Petrella Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds Part of the Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons, and the Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons Recommended Citation Petrella, Ross A.. "Non-Invasive Picosecond Pulse System for Electrostimulation" (2018). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/ystf-ry94 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/29 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electrical & Computer Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NON-INVASIVE PICOSECOND PULSE SYSTEM FOR ELECTROSTIMULATION by Ross Aaron Petrella B.S. May 2014, Virginia Commonwealth University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2018 Approved by: Shu Xiao (Director) Dean Krusienski (Member) Shirshak Dhali (Member) Patrick Sachs (Member) ABSTRACT NON-INVASIVE PICOSECOND PULSE SYSTEM FOR ELECTROSTIMULATION Ross Aaron Petrella Old Dominion University, 2018 Director: Dr. Shu Xiao Picosecond pulsed electric fields have been shown to have stimulatory effects, such as calcium influx, activation of action potential, and membrane depolarization, on biological cells. Because the pulse duration is so short, it has been hypothesized that the pulses permeate a cell and can directly affect intracellular cell structures by bypassing the shielding of the membrane. -
EFR32FG14 Data Sheet
EFR32FG14 Flex Gecko Proprietary Protocol SoC Family Data Sheet The Flex Gecko proprietary protocol family of SoCs is part of the Wireless Gecko portfolio. Flex Gecko SoCs are ideal for enabling KEY FEATURES energy-friendly proprietary protocol networking for IoT devices. • 32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M4 core with 40 MHz maximum operating frequency The single-die solution provides industry-leading energy efficiency, ultra-fast wakeup • Up to 256 kB of flash and 32 kB of RAM times, a scalable power amplifier, an integrated balun and no-compromise MCU fea- • Pin-compatible across EFR32FG families tures. (exceptions apply for 5V-tolerant pins) Flex Gecko applications include: • 12-channel Peripheral Reflex System enabling autonomous interaction of MCU • Home and Building Automation and Security peripherals • Metering • Autonomous Hardware Crypto Accelerator • Electronic Shelf Labels • Integrated PA with up to 19 dBm (2.4 GHz) or 20 dBm (Sub-GHz) tx power • Industrial Automation • Integrated balun for 2.4 GHz • Commercial and Retail Lighting and Sensing • Robust peripheral set and up to 32 GPIO Core / Memory Clock Management Energy Management Other H-F Crystal H-F Voltage Voltage Monitor Oscillator RC Oscillator Regulator CRYPTO ARM CortexTM M4 processor Flash Program with DSP extensions, FPU and MPU Memory Auxiliary H-F RC L-F DC-DC Power-On Reset CRC Oscillator RC Oscillator Converter L-F Crystal Ultra L-F RC Brown-Out Debug Interface RAM Memory LDMA Controller SMU Oscillator Oscillator Detector 32-bit bus Peripheral Reflex System Radio Transceiver -
A Portable Twin-Lead 20-Meter Dipole
By Rich Wadsworth, KF6QKI A Portable Twin-Lead 20-Meter Dipole With its relatively low loss and no need for a tuner, this resonant portable dipole for 14.060 MHz is perfect for portable QRP. first attempt at a portable problem is that its 300 ohm impedance to 70 ohms, a feed line that is an electri- dipole was using 20 AWG normally requires a tuner or 4:1 balun at cal half wave long will also measure 50 My speaker wire, with the leads the rig end. to 70 ohms at the transceiver end, elimi- simply pulled apart for the length re- But, since I want approximately a half nating the need for a tuner or 4:1 balun. 1 quired for a /2 wavelength top and the wavelength of feed line anyway, I decided To determine the electrical length of rest used for the feed line. The simplic- to experiment with the concept of mak- a wire, you must adjust for the velocity ity of no connections, no tuner and mini- ing it an exact electrical half wavelength factor (VF), the ratio of the speed of the mal bulk was compelling. And it worked long. Any feed line will reflect the im- signal in the wire compared to the speed (I made contacts)! pedance of its load at points along the of light in free space. For twin lead, it is Jim Duffey’s antenna presentation at the feed line that are multiples of a half wave- 0.82. This means the signal will travel at 1999 PacifiCon QRP Symposium made me length. -
Wireless Interconnect Using Inductive Coupling in 3D-Ics by Sang Wook
Wireless Interconnect using Inductive Coupling in 3D-ICs by Sang Wook Han A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Electrical Engineering) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Assistant Professor David D. Wentzloff, Chair Professor David Blaauw Professor Karl Grosh Professor John Patrick Hayes TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... viii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... ix Chapter I. Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 I.1 3DIC ................................................................................................................. 4 I.2 Through-Silicon-Vias ....................................................................................... 7 I.3 Capacitive Coupling ......................................................................................... 8 I.4 Inductive Coupling ......................................................................................... 10 I.4.1 ... Inductive Data Link ................................................................................. 12 I.4.2 ... Inductive Power Link .............................................................................