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Mires from Pole to Pole

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THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 38 | 2012 NATURE Mires from pole to pole Tapio Lindholm and Raimo Heikkilä (eds.) Finnish Environment Institute THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 38 | 2012 Mires from pole to pole Tapio Lindholm and Raimo Heikkilä (eds.) Helsinki 2012 FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE THE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 38 | 2012 The Finnish Environment Institute Natural Environment Centre Layout: Pirjo Appelgren Cover: Tapio Lindholm, Olvassuo mire This publication is also available on the Internet at www.environment.fi/syke/publications Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki 2013 ONM IR EN NV T E A L IC L ISBN 978-952-11-4106-5 (pbk) A D B R E O L ISBN 978-952-11-4107-2 (PDF) N ISBN 978 -952-11- 4113 -3 (CD) ISSN 1238-7312 (print) 441 002 ISSN 1796-1637 (online) PEFC/02-31-135 Printed matter CONTENTS Towards the understanding of the variety of mires and their conservation in different countries ............................................................ 7 Tapio Lindholm and Raimo Heikkilä Patterns in polygon mires in north-eastern Yakutia, Siberia: The Role of Vegetation and Water ...........................................................19 Norman Donner, Merten Minke, Pim de Klerk, Roman Sofronov and Hans Joosten Mires on the map of Russia ........................................................................ 31 Tatiana Yurkovskaya Development of large-scale aapa mire hydrotopography on land-uplift coastland in northern Finland ................................................39 Sakari Rehell, Antti Huttunen†, Hanna Kondelin and Jarmo Laitinen The development of patterning on a succession series of aapa-mire systems on the land-uplift coast of northern Ostrobothnia, Finland ... 51 Sakari Rehell, Antti Huttunen† and Hanna Kondelin The beginning of agriculture in Swedish Lapland ..................................65 Emma Ingelsson Alkbring Moss diversity in the mires of the Maanselkä water divide ...................73 Margarita Boychuk Vegetation studies and mapping in Juortanansalo mire reserve, eastern Finland .......................................................................................... 81 Olga Galanina Holocene vegetation dynamics and carbon accumulation of two mires in Friendship Park, eastern Finland ...............................................91 Oleg Kuznetsov, Raimo Heikkilä, Tapio Lindholm, Markku Mäkilä and Ludmila Filimonova Vegetation dynamics of the Ileksa-Vodlozero aapa mires ...................113 Vladimir Antipin and Margarita Boychuk Vegetation of forested mires in the middle boreal subzone of Karelia .............................................................................................................121 Stanislav Kutenkov Mire flora and vegetation and their conservation in the Republic of Karelia, Russia ....................................................................................... 133 Oleg L. Kuznetsov Mire types of the southern part of Kenozero National Park, Arkhangelsk region, NW Russia .............................................................. 143 Victor Smagin Postdrainage vegetation dynamics in mesotrophic herb-Sphagnum mires of southern Karelia, Russia ........................................................... 151 Svetlana Grabovik The Finnish Environment 38 | 2012 3 The Finnish peat mining paradox: political support to environmental calamity ...........................................................................167 Merja Ylönen and Heikki Simola Nationally and regionally threatened mire mosses in Finland ............175 Raimo Heikkilä and Hanna Kondelin Assessment of threatened mire habitats in Finland ............................. 181 Eero Kaakinen, Aira Kokko and Kaisu Aapala Monitoring restored peatlands in Finnish nature reserves.................. 197 Kaisu Aapala, Tapio Lindholm, Tapani Sallantaus, Maarit Similä, Teemu Tahvanainen, Tuomas Haapalehto, Jouni Penttinen, Pekka Salminen, Anneli Suikki and Pekka Vesterinen Species richness and abundance of butterflies in natural and drained mires in Finland ..........................................................................205 Anna Uusitalo, Janne Kotiaho, Jussi Päivinen, Teemu Rintala and Veli Saari Impacts of peatland restoration on nutrient leaching in western and southern Finland ................................................................................215 Tapani Sallantaus and Markku Koskinen Role of protected areas in maintaining the diversity of peat mosses in the Karelian Isthmus and Gulf of Finland islands (Leningrad Region, northwest Russia) ................................................... 231 Maria Noskova Sphagnum cover surface shape variations during vegetation period ......................................................................................................... 239 Vladimir Panov Plant cover of natural mires and disturbed peatlands in Meschera National Park, Russia .................................................................................247 Vladimir Antipin, Margarita Boychuk, Svetlana Grabovik and Natalia Stoikina Management and monitoring of three Latvian raised bogs and a fen ..............................................................................................................259 Mara Pakalne and Aigars Indriksons The Origin, Development, and Modern State of Karst Mires in the Tula Region of Russia ................................................................................281 Elena Volkova Subsidence in bogs ....................................................................................295 Sake van der Schaaf The importance of gradual changes and landscape heterogenity for aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity in mire restoration management . 313 Wilco Verberk, Gert-Jan van Duinen and Hans Esselink † Mires in Slovakia - present status and conservation ............................ 321 Ema Gojdi6ova 4 The Finnish Environment 38 | 2012 Status and Protection of Heilongjiang Wetlands in North- eastern China ......................................................................................... 331 Li Lin, Junhong Wang and Yurong Guo Experimental grazing management on peatlands of the French Basque Land .............................................................................................339 Thierry Laporte and Francis Muller Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Peatlands and related- Veget at ion Complexe s in M ina midobu a nd K it a dobu mire s in Central Japan ............................................................................................ 349 Juichi Omote and Yutaka Yamagiwa The invasive alien plant species of Kolkheti lowland, Georgia ...........367 Izolda Matchutadze and Murman Davitadze Spatial analysis and description of eastern peatlands of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina .......................................................................................385 Rodolfo Iturraspe, Adriana Urciuolo and Rodrigo Iturraspe Mires Down Under – the Peatlands of Australasia ...............................401 Jennie Whinam, Geoff Hope and Beverley Clarkson The Finnish Environment 38 | 2012 5 Photos from the IMCG excursion in Finland: Page 18. The starting point of the excursion, Teuravuoma mire in Lapland. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. The excursion group walking the 14 km path through Teuravuoma mire, Oleg Kuznetsov leading the group. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Page 80. Gert-Jan van Duinen studying the aquatic invertebrates in Teuravuoma mire. Photo Tapio Lindholm. The IMCG group studying a Cratoneuron spring in Karhakkamaanjänkä mire. Kalle Mälson on the foreground. Photo Tapio Lindholm. Page 90. The IMCG group studying a sedge fen in Martimoaapa mire. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Asbjørn Moen, Maria Noskova, Olga Galanina and Philippe Julve in Martimoaapa mire. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Page 120. Sakari Rehell with a stick telling about mires on the land uplift coast in Ryöskäri. Photo Tapio Lindholm. Ab Grootjans and Norman Donner in serious discussion with Sakari Rehell about land uplift. Photo Tapio Lindholm. Page 150. The starting point of primary paludification in Ryöskäri. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Peat sampling three metres above the sea level. Heikki Susiluoma, chairman of the Finnish Associa- tion for Nature Conservation in the middle. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Page 166. Sake van der Schaaf and Oleg Kuznetsov studying a peat sample in Ryöskäri. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Jennie Whinam, Jenny Schulz, Rodolfo Iturraspe and Izolda Matchutadze in Ihanalampi mire, 20 metres a.s.l., age 2000 years. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Page 196. Sakari Rehell and Jarmo Laitinen telling about the groundwater influence in Olvassuo mire. Michael Succow, Li Lin, Norman Donner and Hans Esselink listening carefully. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Teppo Rämä, Asbjørn Moen, Dierk Michaelis, Oleg Kuznetsov, Ema Gojdicova and Bettina Holsten studying a humic pond in Olvassuo mire. Photo Tapio Lindholm. Page 230. Antti Huttunen explaining the ecosystem of Hirvisuo mire. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Antti Huttunen in Hirvisuo mire. Photo Tapio Lindholm. Page 258. The IMCG group studying a carbon balance measurement point in Hummastinvaara. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. The IMCG group in Hummastinvaara land uplift coast. Li Lin in the foreground. Photo Tapio Lind- holm. Page 294. Sakari Rehell explaining the land uplift phenomenon in Hummastinvaara. The man with a yellow coat is journalist Heikki Hellman from Finland’s biggest newspaper Helsingin Sanomat. Journalists joined our group in almost every excursion site. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Oleg Kuznetsov at an information stand in Salamajärvi National Park. Photo Raimo Heikkilä. Page 312. Professor
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