J Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93: 273- 291 (Jan. 2003)

MOSSES OF PAKISTAN

1 2 MASANOBU HIGUCHI AND NAOKl NISHIMURA

ABSTRACT. The of Pakistan are enumerated by the literature published up to 2001. The flora of Pakistan comprises 339 taxa in 124 genera and 33 families. The southern and southwestern Pakistan (Sindh and Balochistan) has not been bryologically well explored. The mosses of Pakistan are largely circumboreal, although the Eurasian element is also prominent. It has 43 endemic taxa (ca. 13%) and a rich representation of the family Pottiaceae including 23 genera and 63 species. The floristic relationships of mosses between Pakistan and the neighboring areas are discussed.

KEy WORDs: mosses, distribution, Pakistan, East India, Afghanistan

INTRODUCTION Pakistan stretches from the Arabian Sea in the West to the high mountains of central Asia, and geographically falls into three main regions: (I) northern mountainous region, (2) Balochistan plateau region, and (3) Punjab and Sindh plain region. The average rainfall varies from less than 75 mm a year to 1650 mm and, beginning at sea level, the country rises to 7063 m at K-2 in the Karakorum Mts. (Stewart 1982). Pakistan is divided into four provinces: Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and the North-West Frontier Province (usually re­ ferred to as N. W F. P.) (Fig. 1). There are two other regions, Baltistan (or the Northern Areas) and Azad Kashmir. The moss flora of Pakistan is still insufficiently known. Early bryological researches of Pakistan were made by Brotherus (1898a, b), Dixon (1926,1929) and Herzog (1938). In the 1950's, some local floras were published by Stoermer (1954), Bartram (1955) and Noguchi (1956, 1959, 1964). The first list of Pakistan mosses was presented by Asghar in 1957. Subsequently several authors have contributed additions to the moss flora of Pakistan such as Froehlich (1964), Robinson (1965), Karczmarz (1980), Higuchi (1992), Nishimura et a1. (1993a, b), Townsend (1993, 1994), and Nishimura & Higuchi (2001). The main floristic studies of the mosses in Pakistan are compiled in Table 1. The moss flora of south­ ern and southwestern Pakistan (Sindh and Balochistan) is almost unknown, except for Nishimura & Higuchi (2001). This article aims to synthesize present knowledge of the moss flora of Pakistan and to discuss its characteristics and affinity.

Moss FLORA OF PAKISTAN The moss flora of Pakistan has been compiled by Asghar (1957) and Nishimura &

1 Department of Botany, National Science Museum, 4-1- 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-0005, Japan. 2 Hiruzen Branch, Botanical Garden, Okayama University of Science, Kawakami-son, Maniwa­ gun, Okayama-ken 717-0602, Japan. 274 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

I PAKISTAN I

AFGHANISTAN

Balochistan

i I INDIA \ , i

100, 200, km

Fig. l. Outline map of Pakistan.

Higuchi (1993) who enumerated 136 taxa in 67 genera and 23 families and 324 taxa in 121 genera and 32 families respectively. Subsequently floristic studies were made by Townsend (1993,1994) and Nishimura & Higuchi (2001). The updated moss flora of Pakistan com­ prises 339 taxa (307 species and 32 infraspecific taxa) in 124 genera and 33 families. In the number of species, the largest family is Pottiaceae (63 spp.), and the next is Bryaceae (34 spp.)

FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF THE Moss FLORA OF PAKISTAN The floristic elements of the moss flora of Pakistan are shown on Table 2. The moss flora of Pakistan is largely circumboreal (ca. 45%), although the Eurasian element is also prominent (ca. 32%). The Eurasian element (l08 taxa) is divided into six sub-elements: (1) endemic to Pakistan (43 taxa), (2) East Asian (30 taxa), (3) European- Pakistan (13 taxa), (4) Himalayan (11 taxa), (5) Eurasian (6 taxa), and (6) Indian (5 taxa). At present 43 taxa can be recognized as endemic taxa to Pakistan, accounting for ca. 13% endemism. The per­ centage of endemic taxa is rather high, since that of Vietnam (showing the highest percent­ age of endemic taxa in the Indochinese countries) is ca. 7% (Tan & Iwatsuki 1993). Revi­ sionary studies are needed for these endemic taxa. Probably the high endemism in Pakistan will be reduced. M. HIGUCHI & N . NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 275

Table 1. Floristic studies of the mosses in Pakistan.

Author(s) Collector( s) and year( s) Area(s)

Brotherus (1898a) 1. F. Duthie, 1892-93, etc. N. W Himalaya Brotherus (1898b) Surg.-Lt. Harriss, 1895 Chitral Relief Mathur (1925) S. R. Kashyap, 1922 Lahore Dixon (1926) 1. Garrett & W Lillie, 1924 Gilgit, etc. Dixon (1929) J. Femandez, 1927 Waziristan Blatter & Femandez (1931)1 E. Blatter, 1. Femandez, 1927, 1930 Waziristan Herzog (1938) Deutschen Hindukush Expedition, 1935 Hindukush Dixon (1942) R. R. Stewart, 1922-32, etc. N.W Himalaya Stoermer (1954) P. Wendelbo, F. Joerstad, 1950 Chitral Bartram (1955) R. R. Stewart, 1933-46 N.W Himalaya Noguchi (1956) S. Ahmad, 1952- 54 Changla Gali, etc. Asghar (1957) (Herb. Panjab Univ.) Lahore, etc. Noguchi (1959) S. Ahmad et aI., 1952- 56 Changla Gali, etc. Noguchi (1964) F. Schmid, 1953-54 N.WF.P. , etc. Froehlich (1964) K. H. Rechinger, 1962 Swat, etc. Robinson (1965) G. L. Webster, E. Nasir, 1955 Baltistan, etc. Karczmarz (1980) K. Karczmarz, 1974 Kashmir Higuchi (1992) M. Higuchi, 1990 Swat, Kaghan, etc. Nishimura et al. (1993a, b) N. Nishimura, 1991 Azad Kashmir, etc. Townsend (1993) C. C. Townsend, 1973 Rawalpindi District Townsend (1994) U. Schickhoff, 1990 Kaghan Nishimura & Higuchi (2001) T. Nakaike, 1992 Baltistan, Sindh, etc.

1 Determined by H. N. Dixon.

Table 2. Floristic element of mosses of Pakistan.

Floristic element Number of taxa Percentage (%)

Circumboreal 152 44.8% Eurasian 108 31.9% Cosmopolitan 43 12.7% Palaeotropical 23 6.8% East Asian-N.American 9 2.6% Pantropical 4 1.2% Total 339 100%

FLORISTIC RELATIONSHIPS OF MOSSES OF PAKISTAN The moss flora of Pakistan was compared with those of East India (1042 taxa, Appen- dix. 1.) and Afghanistan (211 taxa, Appendix 2.) based on Gangulee (1969-1980) and Frey 276 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

& Kiirschner (1991). The moss flora of East India is evidently richer than that of Pakistan. As compared with that of East India, Pakistan lacks several groups such as Sphagnaceae, Andreaeaceae, Leucobryaceae, Calymperaceae, and almost all members of Leucodontales and Hookeriales. It is notable that these groups are usually rare in limestone areas as well as in dry habitats. On the other hand, the moss flora of Afghanistan is poorer than that of Pakistan. All families recorded in Afghanistan are recognized in Pakistan except for the Fontinalaceae. Comparatively the moss flora of Pakistan is more similar to that of Afghanistan than that of East India. A total of 92 taxa are common to Pakistan and Afghanistan, which is ca. 27% of the Pakistani and ca. 44% of the Afghanistan moss floras. In Pakistan there remain areas in almost every district that have not been visited in the search for bryophytes. Much more thorough collecting and revisionary studies need to be done.

AN ENUMERATION OF THE MOSSES OF PAKISTAN

BUXBAUMIACEAE Buxbaumia minakatae S.Okamura (Higuchi 1992)

DIPHYSCIACEAE Theriotia kashmirensis H.Rob. (Robinson 1965 as sp. nov.; Deguchi 1984) T. lorifolia Cardot (Robinson 1965)

POLYTRICHACEAE Atrichum obtusulum (MiilI.Hal.) A.Jaeger (Noguchi, 1956, 1959) A. subserratum (Harv.) Mitt. (Nishimura & Higuchi 2001) A. undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. (Noguchi 1956; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a) A. undulatum var. gracilisetum Besch. (Noguchi 1956, 1959, 1964, all as Atrichum undulatum var. haussknechtii) Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. (Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. (Noguchi 1956; Karczmarz 1980, both as Polytrichum alpinum) Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. (Brotherus 1898b; Dixon 1926; Stoermer 1954; Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956, 1964; Robinson 1965; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) P. xanthopilum Wilson ex Mitt. (Nishimura et al. 1993a)

FISSIDENTACEAE Fissidens brevidorsus Dixon (Dixon 1942 as sp. nov.) F. bryoides Hedw. (Bartram 1955; Karczmarz 1980; Townsend 1994) F. bryoides Hedw. var. schmidii (MiilI.Hal.) R.S.Chopra & S.S.Kumar (Stoermer 1954 as Fissidens schmidii; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) F. chitralensis P'de la Varde (Stoermer 1954 as sp. nov.) F. curvato-involutus Dixon (Nishimura et al. 1993a) F. diversifolius Mitt. (Asghar 1957; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) F. dubius P.Beauv. (Noguchi 1964 as Fissidens cristatus; Nishimura et al. 1993a) F. grandifrons Brid. (Dixon 1926, 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931; Noguchi 1956, 1959, 1964; Froehlich 1964; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993a) M. HIGUCHI & N . NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 277

F gymnogynus Mitt. (Townsend 1993) F. involutus Wilson ex Mitt. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931) F. perplexans Dixon (Dixon 1926 as sp. nov.) F. strictulus Mull.Ha!. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et a!. 1993a) F. taxifolius Hedw. (Karczmarz 1980; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et a!. 1993a; Townsend 1993)

DITRlCHACEAE Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. (Townsend 1994) C. purpureus fo. densus (Breidl.) Podp. (Stoermer 1954 as Ceratodon purpureus var. densus) Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898b; Dixon 1926; Stoermer 1954; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et a!. 1993a; Townsend 1994) D. capillaceum var. compactum (Huebener) Dixon (Stoermer 1954) D. inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Stoermer 1954; Bartram 1955; Higuchi 1992) Ditrichum crispatissimum (Mull.Ha!.) Paris (Higuchi 1992) Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. (Brotherus 1898b as Ditrichum glaucescens; Nishimura et a!. 1993a)

SELIGERIACEAE Blindiaperminuta Nog. (Noguchi 1956 as sp. nov.)

DICRANACEAE Brothera leana (Sull.) Miil!.Ha!. (Noguchi 1959; Nishimura et a!. 1993a) Dichodontium pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. (Noguchi 1956) Diranella howei Renau1d & Cardot (Townsend 1993) D. mollicula (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Karczmarz 1980 as Anisothecium molliculum) D. varia (Hedw.) Schimp. (Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956 as Dicranella rubra; Higuchi, 1992; Townsend 1993) D. varia var. tenuifolia (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. (Froehlich 1964 as Anisothecium tenuifolium) Dicranoweisia cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. (Brotherus 1898b; Noguchi 1959; Robinson, 1965) Dicranum kashmirense Broth. (Bartram 1955) D. lorifolium Mitt. (Higuchi 1992) Oncophorus virens (Hedw.) Brid. (Brotherus 1898b; Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1964; Higuchi 1992) 0. virens var. serratus (Bruch & Schimp.) Braithw. (Brotherus 1898b) 0. wahlenbergii Brid. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et a!. 1993a) Symblepharis vaginata (Hook.) Wijk & Margad. (Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1959, both as Symblephar­ is helichophylla; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1994) Trematodon brevicalyx Dixon in Mathur (Mathur 1925; Asghar 1957)

POTTIACEAE Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1965, all as Aloina stellata) Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. (Robinson 1965 as Anoectangium compactum) A. euchloron (Schwagr.) Mitt. (Froehlich 1964) A. stracheyanum Mitt. (Noguchi 1959 as Anoectangium tortifolium; Townsend 1993) Astomum crispum (Hedw.) Hampe var. exsertum Nog. (Noguchi 1956 as var. nov.) Barbula gregaria (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Bartram 1955) B. indica (Hook.) Spreng. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Asghar 1957; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Townsend 1993) 278 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

B. javanica Dozy & Molk. (Blatter & Femandez 1931) B. javanica var. robusta Dixon (Dixon 1926 as var. nov.) B.flavicans D.G.Long (Townsend 1993 as Barbulafuscescens Wall. nom. nud.) The name Barbula flavicans is proposed as an avowed substitute for the illegitimate Tortula flavescens Hook. & Grev. and Barbula fuscescens Wall. (Long 1994). B. unguiculata Hedw. (Robins on 1965; Karczmarz 1980) Bryoerythrophyllum alpigenum (Venturi) P.C.Chen (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b, both as Barbula alpi­ genum; Blatter & Femandez 1931 as Didymodon alpigenum; Townsend 1994) B. recurvirostre (Hedw.) P.C.Chen (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b, both as Barbula rubella; Dixon 1926 as Didymodon rubellus; Stoermer 1954 as Barbula recurvirostre; Robinson 1965) Crossidium chloronotos (Brid.) Limpr. (Noguchi 1956) C. squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Townsend 1993) C. squamiferum var. pottioideum (De Not.) Monk. (Herzog 1938 as Crossidium griseum) Desmatodon cernuus (Huebener) Bruch & Schimp. (Robinson 1965) D. convolutus (Brid.) Grout (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931 , both as Tortula atrovirens) D. latifolius (Hedw.) Brid. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Noguchi 1956; Robinson 1965) D. latifolius (Hedw.) Brid. var. muticus (Brid.) Brid. (Nishimura & Higuchi 2001) D. leucostoma (R. Br.) Berggr. (Dixon 1926 as Desmatodon suberectus) D. systilius Schimp. (Stoermer 1954 as Desmatodon systilius) Didymodon constrictus (Mitt.) K.Saito (Noguchi 1959 as Barbula constricta) D. recurvus (Griff.) Broth. (Dixon 1926, 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931, all as Didymodon rufescens) D. tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa (Dixon 1929; B1atter & Femandez 1931) Eucladium verticillatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931; Noguchi 1959, 1964; Townsend 1993) Gymnostomum aeruginosum Srn. (Herzog 1938; Noguchi 1956, both as Gymnostomum rupestre) Hydrogonium amplexifolium (Mitt.) P.C.Chen (Noguchi 1959) H. arcuatum (Griff.) Wijk & Margad. (Blatter & Femandez 1931; Noguchi 1956, both as Barbula co­ mosa) H. ehrenbergii (Lorentz) AJaeger (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931 , both as Barbula ehren- bergii; Noguchi 1959) H. gracilentum (Mitt.) P.C.Chen (Noguchi 1959) H. heterophyllum J.Froehl. (Froehlich 1964 as sp. nov.) H. pseudo-ehrenbergii (M.F1eisch.) P.C.Chen (Noguchi 1959) Hymenostomum edentulum (Mitt.) Besch. (Blatter & Fernandez 1931) H. obscurissimum Dixon (Dixon 1926 as sp. nov.; Townsend 1993) H. tortile (Schwagr.) Bruch & Schimp. (Noguchi 1956 as Weissia tortilis) Hymenostylium aurantiacum Mitt. (Dixon 1926) H. recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dixon (Brotherus 1898b; Blatter & Femandez 1931, bf)th as Hymenostylium curvirostre; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1956, 1959, as Gymnostomum recurvirostre) H. recurvirostre var. commutatum (Mitt.) Podp. (Brotherus 1898b as Hymenostylium commutatum) Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger (Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) Molendoa duthiei (Broth.) Broth. (Brotherus 1898b as Anoectangium duthiei, sp. nov.) M. sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. (Noguchi 1956, 1964; Townsend 1993) M. HIGUCHI & N. NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 279

P. squarrosa var. maroccana lelenc (Herzog 1938, as Pleurochaete squarrosa var. brevifolia) Rhamphidium laticuspe Dixon (Dixon 1942 as sp. nov.) Stegonia latifolia (Schwagr.) Venturi ex Broth. (Stoermer 1954) Timmiella anomala (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1926; Bartram 1955 ; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) T. barbuloides (Brid.) Monk. (Dixon 1929 as Timmiella subintegra Dixon, sp. nov.; Blatter & Feman- dez 1931 as Timmiella subintegra; Townsend 1993) Tortella !ragilis (Hook. & Wilson) Limpr. (Brotherus 1898b; Robinson 1965) T. tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1956; Karczmarz 1980) Tortula brandisii (MueII.Hal.) Broth. (Dixon 1926) T. desertorum Broth. (Stoermer 1954) T. inermis (Brid.) Mont. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Froehlich 1964) T. intermedia (Brid.) De Not. (Froehlich 1964 as Tortula montana (Nees) Lindb. horn. illeg.; Robin- son 1965) T. muralis Hedw. (Herzog 1938; Noguchi 1959; Nishimura et al. 1993a) T. norvegica (F.Weber) Lindb. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) T. obtusifolia (Schwagr.) Mathieu (Nishimura & Higuchi 2001) T. ruralis (Hedw.) P.Gaertn. (Noguchi 1959) T. sinensis (MiilI.Hal.) Broth. (Noguchi 1956 as Tortula alpina (B.S.G.) Bruch, horn. illeg.) T. virescens (De Not.) De Not. (Townsend 1994) T. websteri H.Rob. (Robinson 1965 as sp. nov.) Trichostomum brachydontium Bruch. var. cuspidatum (Braithw.) Sav. (Noguchi 1959) T. lilliei Dixon (Dixon 1926 as sp. nov.; Townsend 1993) T. minusculum Dixon & P.de la Varde (Townsend 1993) Weissia controversa Hedw. (Noguchi 1959 recorded with a query; Townsend 1993) W. norkettii R.S.Chopra (Dixon 1929 as Hymenostomum amblyphyllum, sp. nov., horn. illeg.; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as Weissia amblyphylla, horn. ilJeg.) W. rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. (Townsend 1994) W. wimmeriana (Sendt.) B.S.G. (Bartram 1955)

E NCALYPTACEAE Encalypta alpina Smith (Brotherus 1898b as Encalypta commutata) E. rhabdocarpa Schwagr. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) E. rhabdocarpa var. trachymitria (Rip.) Wijk & Margad. (Brotherus 1898b as Encalypta rhabdo- carpa var. leptodon) E. streptocarpa Hedw. (Brotherus 1898b as Encalypta contorta; Nishimura et al. 1993a) E. tibetana Mitt. (Brotherus I 898b) E. vulgaris Hedw. (Brotherus 1898b; Noguchi 1959) E. vulgaris var. mutica Brid. (Stoermer 1954 as Encalypta vulgaris var. obtusa)

GRIMMIACEAE Grimmia ahmadiana Nog. (Noguchi 1956 as sp. nov.) G. alpestris (F. Weber & Morh) Schleich. ex Nees (Higuchi 1992) G. anodon Bruch & Schimp. (Stoermer 1954; Higuchi 1992) G. apocarpa Hedw. var. subpellucida Dixon (Dixon 1926 as var. nov.) G. elatior Bruch ex Bals. & De Not. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) 280 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

G. laevigata (Brid.) Brid. (Dixon 1926 as Grimmia campestris; Bartram 1955; Froehlich 1964; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993a) G. montana Bruch & Schimp. (Higuchi 1992) G. ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1926; Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Herzog 1938; Noguchi 1959, all as Grimmia commutata; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) G. pilifera P.Beauv. (Herzog 1938) G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Srn. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 ; Higuchi 1992) G. pulvinata var. africana (Hedw.) Hook. f. & Wi1son (Dixon 1929; B1atter & Fernandez 1931; Robinson 1965, all as Grimmia orbicularis; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993 as Grimmia orbicularis) G. sessitana De Not. (Froehlich 1964 as Grimmia alpestris var. microstoma; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1994) G. subsulcata Limpr. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) G. tergestina Tomm. ex B.S.G. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931) G. trichophylla Grev. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 ; Robinson 1965 ; Froehlich 1964) G. unicolor Hook. in Grev. (Higuchi 1992) Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964, all as Grimmia apocarpa; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) S. strictum (Turner) Loeske ex Maert. (Nishimura et al. 1993a)

FUNARIACE AE Funaria attenuata (Dicks.) Lindb. (Noguchi 1956; Townsend 1993) F brotherusii IFroehl. (Froehlich 1964 as nom. novo for Funaria pilifera Broth., horn. illeg.) F calcarea Wahlenb. var. mediterranea (Lindb.) C. Jens. & Medel. (Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Noguchi 1956; Froehlich 1964, all as Funaria mediterranea) F hygrometrica Hedw. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1926, 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 ; Sto- errner 1954; Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1965; Nishimura et al. 1993a) F obtusa (Hedw.) Lindb. (Asghar 1957 as Funaria ericetorum) F physcomitrioides Mont. (Bartram 1955) F wichurae (M.Fleisch.) Broth. (Karczmarz 1980) Physcomitrium cyathicarpum Mitt. (Asghar 1957) P. repandum (Griff.) Mitt. (Asghar 1957)

SPLACHNACEAE Splachnobryum aquaticum Miill.Hal. (Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as Splachnobryum procerrimum; Froehlich 1964 as Splachnobryum giganteum) Recently Arts (2001) referred Splachnobryum procerrimum and S. giganteum to the synonymy of S. aquaticum . Tayloriafroelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. (Nishimura et al. 1993a)

BRYACEAE Anomobryum astorense (Broth.) Broth. (Brotherus 1898b as Bryum astorense, sp. nov.) A.filiforme (Griff.) AJaeger (Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) A. filiforme var. concinnatum (Spr.) Loeske (Asghar 1957 as Anomobryum nitidum; Noguchi 1959 as Anomobryum gemmigerum) M. HIGUCHI & N. NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 281

A. pellucidum Dixon & Badhw. (Bartram 1955) Brachymenium acuminatum Harv. in Hook. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931) B. exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) Bryum amentirameum Dixon (Dixon 1929 as sp. nov. ; Blatter & Fernandez 1931) B. angustirete Kindb. (Bartram 1955 as Bryum pendulum) B. argenteum Hedw. (Dixon 1926; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 ; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1959; Robin- son 1965; Froehlich 1964; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a) B. argenteum var. lanatum (P. Beauv.) Hampe (Karczmarz 1980) B. atrovirens Brid. (Townsend 1993 as Bryum rubens Mitt.) B. blindii Bruch & Schimp. (Dixon 1926) B. caespiticium Hedw. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1926; Noguchi 1959, 1964; Robinson 1965 ; Karczmarz 1980; Townsend 1993) B. capillare Hedw. (Brotherus 1898b as Bryum thomsonii; Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965) B. cellulare Hook. in Schwagr. (Dixon 1926; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as Bryum splachnoides; Bar- tram 1955; Noguchi 1959; Froehlich 1964) B. coronatum Schwagr. (Nishimura et al. 1993a) B. dichotomum Hedw. (Noguchi 1956 as B. ramosus) B. pallens Sw. (Robinson 1965) B. pallescens Schleich. ex Schwagr. (Brotherus 1898b; Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956, 1964) B. paradoxum Schwagr. (Noguchi 1959 as Bryum pseudo-alpinum) B. pseudo triquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn. (Brotherus 1898b; Dixon 1926 as Bryum ventricosum; Bar­ tram 1955; Noguchi 1959, 1964; Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) B. pseudo triquetrum var. duvalioides Itzigs. (Froehlich 1964) B. thomsonii Mitt. (Brotherus 1898b) B. turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner (Brotherus 1898a, also as Bryum schleicheri; Noguchi 1964; Robinson 1965) B. turbinatum var. latifolium (Schwagr.) Bruch & Schimp. (Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as Bryum schleicheri var. latifolium; Robinson 1964) B. weigelii Spreng. (Bartram 1955) Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson (Brotherus 1898b; Dixon 1926; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1965) Mielichhoferia himalayana Mitt. (Brotherus 1898b; Stoermer 1954) Mniobryum delicatulum (Hedw.) Dixon (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931, both as Mniobryum carneum; Karczmarz 1980) Pohlia chitralensis Stormer (Stoermer 1954 as sp. nov.) P. cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Townsend 1994) P. elongata Hedw. (Robinson 1965) P. elongata var.polymorpha (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Nyholm (Townsend 1994) Townsend (1994) wrongly cited this taxon as "Pohlia elongata ssp. polymorpha (Hooppe & Hornsch.) Nyholm" on p. 182. P. longicollis (Hedw.) Lindb. (Brotherus 1898b) P. minor Schwagr. (Brotherus 1898b as Pohlia polymorpha) P. minor var. brachycarpa (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. (Brotherus 1898b as Pohlia poly- 282 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 2 0 0 3

morpha var. brachycarpa) P. nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. (Bartram 1955; Robinson 1965; Nishimura et al. 1993a) P. wahlenbergii (EWeber & Mohr) A. L. Andrews (Brotherus 1898b; Asghar 1957; Bartram 1955, all as Mniobryum albicans; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1956, 1959, all as Pohlia albicans; Noguchi, 1964; Robinson 1965; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. (Iwatsuki & Koponen 1972; Townsend 1993) R. roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. (Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956; Nishimura et al. 1993a)

MNIACEAE Mnium heterophyllum (Hook.) Schwagr. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1993) M. laevinerve Cardot (Nishimura et al. 1993a) M. lycopodioides (Hook.) Schwiigr. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1964; Karczmarz 1980) M. marginatum (With.) P.Beauv. (Brotherus 1898b as Mnium serratum; Noguchi 1964; Nishimura et al. 1993a) M. marginatum var. riparium (Mitt.) Husn. (Stoermer 1954 as Mnium riparium) M. stellare Hedw. (Noguchi 1959; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) TJ.Kop. (Noguchi 1956, 1959, both as Mnium cuspidatum; Nishimura et al. 1993a) P. maximoviczii (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. (Noguchi 1959 as Mnium maximoviczii) P. medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T.1.Kop. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b, both as Mnium medium; Nishimura et al. 1993a) P. rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. (Brotherus 1898b; Dixon 1926; Noguchi 1956, all as Mnium rostra­ tum; Noguchi 1964 as Mnium longirostre; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a)

A ULACOMNIACEAE Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwagr. (Noguchi 1964; Higuchi 1992)

M EESIACEAE Amblyodon dealbatus PBeauv. (Bartram 1955)

TIMMIACEAE Timmia megapolitana Hedw. subsp. bavarica (Hessl.) Brassard (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1965, all as Ti­ imia bavarica; Nishimura et al. 1993a)

BARTRAMIACEAE 8artramia halleriana Hedw. (Townsend 1994) 8. ityphylla Brid. (Robinson 1965; Nishimura et al. 1993a) 8. pomiformis Hedw. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Robinson 1965) Philonotis calcarea (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. (Brotherus 1898b) P. falcata (Hook.) Mitt. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Herzog 1938; Froehlich 1964; Nishimura et al. 1993a) P.Iontana (Hedw.) Brid. (Dixon 1926; Stoermer 1954; Bartram 1955 ; Noguchi 1964; Robinson 1965 ; Karczmarz 1980) P. marchica (Hedw.) Brid. (Stoermer 1954) P. nitida Mitt. (Herzog, 1938) M. HIGUCHI & N. NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 283

P turneriana (Schwagr.) Mitt. (Noguchi 1956; Robinson 1965; Townsend 1993) Plagiopus oederiana (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson (Brotherus 1898b as Bartramia oederiana; Noguchi 1959, 1964, both as Plagiopus oederi)

ORTHOTRICHACEAE Amphidium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Stoerrner 1954; Nishimura et al. 1993a) Drummondia thomsonii Mitt. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931 ; Her­ zog 1938; Noguchi 1956; Vitt 1972; Nishimura et al. 1993a; Townsend 1994) Orthotrichum alpestre Homsch. ex B.S.G. (Lewinsky 1992; Townsend 1994) 0. an om alum Hedw. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Noguchi 1959; Froehlich 1964; Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993a) 0. cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. (Blatter & Femandez 1931) 0. laevigatum Zett. (Robinson 1965) 0. laevigatum fo. macounii (Austin) E.Lawton & Vitt (Brotherus 1898b as Orthotrichum schlot­ thaueri; Nishimura et al. 1993a) 0. pumillum Sw. (Blatter & Femandez 1931; Nishimura et al. 1993a) 0. rupestre Schleich. ex Schwagr. (Brotherus 1898b; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964; Nishimura et al. 1993a) 0. rupestre var. sturmii (Hoppe & Homsch.) Jur. (Brotherus 1898b as Orthotrichum sturmii; Froehlich 1964)

H EDWIGIACEA E Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. (Noguchi 1959; Nishimura et al. 1993b)

L EUCODONTACEAE Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwagr. (Brotherus 1898b; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b)

NECKERACEAE Cryptoleptodon pluvinii (Brid.) Broth. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931; Herzog 1938; Noguchi 1956, 1959, all as C. jiexuosus; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1993, 1994) Noguchi (1956, 1959) reported Cryptoleptodon rigidulus from Pakistan, although Noguchi (1956) erroneously listed this species as Rhegmatodon polycarpus. Subsequently Townsend (1994) referred C. rigidulus to the synonymy of C. pluvinii. Homalia trichoma no ides (Hedw.) Schimp. (Karczmarz 1980; Nishimura et al. 1993b) Thamnobryum alopeculum (Hedw.) Nieuwl. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) T. subserratum (Hook.) Nog. & Z.Iwats. (Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1994)

HYPOPTERYGIACEAE Hypopterygium tibetanum Mitt. (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Nishimura et al. 1993b)

THELIACEAE Myurellajulacea (Schwagr.) Bruch, Schimp. & W.Giimbel (Higuchi 1992)

FABRONIACEAE Anacamptodon splachnoides (Brid.) Brid. (Noguchi 1956) Fabronia cilialis (Brid.) Brid. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) 284 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

F. goughii Mitt. (Blatter & Fernandez 1931)

L ESKEACEAE Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E.Lawton (Townsend 1993) L. incurvata var. tenuiretis (Culm.) E.Lawton (Noguchi 1956 as Pseudoleskeafilamentosa, 1959) L. mutabilis (Brid.) Hag. var. saxicola (Schimp.) Hag. (Dixon 1926 as Lescuraea saxicola) Leskea sublaevifolia Dixon & Herzog (Herzog 1938 as sp. nov.) Leskeella nervosa (Brid.) Loeske (Noguchi 1956, 1959; Karczmarz 1980) L. nervosa var. rupestris (Berggr.) H.Moller (Stoermer 1954 as Leskea nervosa var. rupestris) Lindbergia duthiei (Broth.) Broth. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931 ; Noguchi 1956, 1959) Pseudoleskeella catenulata (Schrad.) Kindb. (Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964)

THUIDIACEAE Abietin ella abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (Brotherus 1898b; Townsend 1994, both as Thuidium abiet­ inum; Nishimura et al. 1993b) Anomodon giraldii Miill.Hal. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) A. minor (Hedw.) Lindb. subsp. integerrimus (Mitt.) Z.Iwats. (Noguchi 1956 as Anomodon minor; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) A. thraustus Miill.Hal. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) A. viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor (Bartram 1955; Noguchi 1956, 1959; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1993) C/aopodium pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best (Bartram 1955 as Claopodium longipilum ; Noguchi 1964; Higuchi 1992) Haplocladium angustifolium (Hampe & MiilI.Hal.) Broth. (Noguchi 1956 as Haplocladium subu­ laceum ; Townsend 1993) H. microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. subsp. capi//atum (Mitt.) Reimers (Bartram 1955 as Haplocladium capillatum) Leptopterigynandrum brevirete Dixon in Blatt. & lFernandez (Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as sp. nov.) Miyabea nishimurae R.Watan. (Watanabe in Nishimura et al. 1993b as sp. nov.) Thuidium contortulum (Mitt.) AJaeger (Nishimura et al. 1993b) T cymbifolium (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) T vestitissimum Besch. (Nishimura et al. 1993b)

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE Amblystegium juratzkanum Schimp. (Froehlich 1964) A. serpens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Dixon 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931 ; Bartram 1955; Robinson 1965 ; Froehlich 1964; Karczmarz 1980; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1994) A. serpens var. subtile Warnst. (Froehlich 1964) Campyliadelphus elodes (Lindb.) R.S.Chopra (Froehlich 1964 as elodes) C polygamus (Schimp.) Kanda (Higuchi 1992) Campylium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lange (Higuchi 1992) Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce (Brotherus 1898b as Amblystegium filicinum ; Dixon 1926 as Hygroamblystegium, 1929; Blatter & Femandez 1931; Herzog 1938; Noguchi 1956, 1959, 1964; Robinson 1965 ; Froehlich 1964; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1993, 1994) C filicinum var. curvicaule (Jur.) Monk. (Stoermer 1954; Froehlich 1964) C filicinum var.fallax (Brid.) Monk. (Blatter & Femandez 1931 ; Stoermer 1954; Froehlich 1964) M. HIGUC HI & N. NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 285

Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Higuchi 1992) D. vernicosus (Lindb.) Warnst. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) Hygroamblystegiumfluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske (Noguchi 1956; Higuchi 1992) H. tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. (Robinson 1965) H. tenax var. spiniforme (Schimp.) Jenn. (Froehlich 1964) Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. (Dixon 1926; Bartram 1955, both as Hygrohypnum palustre; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992) Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. (N oguchi 1964 as L. riparium var. longifolium) Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra (Stoermer 1954; Noguchi 1959, 1964; Robinson 1965 ; Higuchi 1992, all as Cratoneuron commutatum; Nishimura et al. 1993b) P commutata var. falcata (Brid.) Ochyra (Herzog 1938 as Cratoneuron falcatum ; Noguchi 1964; Townsend 1994, both as Cratoneuron commutatum var.falcatum) P commutata var.fluctuans (Schimp.) Ochyra (Noguchi 1964 as Cratoneuron commutatum var. irri­ gatum) P decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra (Dixon 1929; B1atter & Fernandez 1931 , both as Cratoneuron decipi­ ens) Platydictyajungermannioides (Brid.) H.A.Crum (Nishimura & Higuchi 2001) Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske (Brotherus 1898b as Amblystegium uncinatum; Bartram 1955 ; Noguchi 1956, both as Drepanocladus uncinatus; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b)

BRACHYTHECIACEAE Brachythecium buchanani (Hook.) A.Jaeger (Dixon 1926; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) Brachythecium chakratense Vohra (Townsend 1994) B.falcatulum (Broth.) Paris (Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Townsend 1994) B. fendleri (Sull.) A.Jaeger (Brotherus 1898b as Hypnum collinum) B. garovaglioides Miil1.Ha1l. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b, both as Brachythecium wichurae; Nishimura & Higuchi 2001) B. glareosum (Spruce) Bruch & Schimp. (Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) B. indico-populeum Dixon (Dixon 1926 as sp. nov.) B. kamounense (Harv.) A.Jaeger (Herzog 1938 as Brachythecium brevipes Broth., nom. illeg.) B. kashmirense (Broth.) Paris (Brotherus 1898b as Hypnum kashimirense Broth., sp. nov.) B. laevi-velutinum Dixon (Froehlich 1964; Townsend 1994) B. microsericeum Dixon in B1att. & 1.Fernandez (Blatter & Fernandez 1931 as sp. nov.) B. myurelliforme Dixon (Stoermer 1954) B. obsoletinerve Dixon (Dixon 1926 as sp. nov.) B. plumosum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Bartram 1955; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1993, 1994) B. populeum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964; Higuchi 1992) B. procumbens (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Bartram 1955; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992) B. reflexum (Starke) Schimp. (Karczmarz 1980; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) B. rivulare Schimp. (Dixon 1926; Noguchi 1956, 1964; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) B. rutabulum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b, both as Hypnum rutabulum; Noguchi 1964) B. salebrosum (EWeber & Mohr) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b, both as Hypnum sale­ brosum; Bartram 1955; Karczmarz 1980; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1993, 1994) B. trachypodium (Brid.) Schimp. (Froehlich 1964) B. velutinum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Stoerrner 1954; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1994) 286 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 2 0 0 3

B. waziriense Dixon (Dixon 1929 as sp. noY.; Blatter & Fernandez 1931) Bryhnia novae-angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout (Higuchi 1992) Cirriphyllum cirrosum (Schwagr.) Grout (Robinson 1965 as Brachythecium cirrosum; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) E. pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn. (Brotherus 1898a as Hypnum; Robinson 1965; Froehlich 1964; Higuchi 1992) Palamocladium euchloron (MiiII.Hal.) Wijk & Margad. (Dixon 1926 as Pleuropus euchloron) Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon (Dixon 1926; Blatter & Fernandez 1931 , both as Oxyrrhybchium rusciforme; Noguchi 1956 as P. rusciforme; Noguchi 1959; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992, all as Eurhynchium riparioides) Rhynchostegiella compacta (MiilI.Hal.) Loeske (Dixon 1926; Robinson 1965, both as Amblystegium compactum) Rhynchostegium brachythecioides Dixon & P. de la Varde (Townsend 1993) R. duthiei Miill.Hal. ex Dixon (Townsend 1994) R. herbaceum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Bartram 1955) R. vagans (HarY.) A.Jaeger (Nishimura et al. 1993b)

ENTODONTACEAE Entodon myurus (Hook.) Hampe (Bartram 1955 ; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1993) Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) B.S.G. (Bartram 1955 as Holmgrenia intricata) Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. (Higuchi 1992)

PLAGIOTHECIACEAE /sopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Z.Iwats. (Higuchi 1992) 1. pulchella (Hedw.) Z.Iwats. (Higuchi 1992) Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Z.Iwats. (Karczmarz 1980; Higuchi 1992) P. denticulatum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Brotherus 1898a, 1898b; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) P'latebricola (Wilson) Bruch & Schimp. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) P. nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Noguchi 1964 as Plagiothecium sylvaticum; Nishimura et al. 1993b)

SEMATOPHYLLACEAE Brotherella nictans (Mitt.) Broth. (Nishimura et al. 1993b) Pylaisiadelpha drepanioides Cardot & Dixon (Townsend 1994) P. tenuirostris (Bruch & Schimp. ex Sull.) W. R. Buck (Nishimura et al. 1993b)

HYPNACEAE Callicladium haldanianum (Grey.) H.A.Crum (Higuchi 1992) Gollania clarescens (Mitt.) Broth. (Higuchi 1991; Nishimura et al. 1993b) Homomallium andoi Higuchi & N.Nishim. (Higuchi et al. 1994 as sp. noy.) H. loriforme (Broth.) Broth. (Noguchi 1956, 1959) H. simlaense (Mitt.) Broth. (Dixon 1926, 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931; Bartram 1955; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1993) Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. (Dixon 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931, both as Stereodon cupressi­ forme; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1994) H. pallescens (Hedw.) P.Beauy. (Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1994) M. HIGUCHI & N. NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 287

H. revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. (Brotherus 1898b as Stereodon revolutum; Robinson 1965; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b) H. subimponense Lesq. subsp. ulophyllum (Mull.Hal.) Ando (Higuchi 1992) H. vaucheri Lesq. (Dixon 1926 as Stereodon vaucheri, 1929; Blatter & Fernandez 1931, as Stereodon cupressiformis var. vaucherianus, var. nov., and Steredon vaucheri; Ando 1977) H. vaucheri fo. gracile Ando (Higuchi 1992) Isopterygium pulchellum (Hedw.) A.Jaeger var. nitidulum (Wahlenb.) G. Roth (Brotherus 1898b as 1. nitidum; Bartram 1955) Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Townsend 1994) Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M.Fleisch. (Bartram 1955; Higuchi 1992; Nishimura et al. 1993b; Townsend 1993) Vesicularia reticulata (Dozy & Molk.) Broth. (Asghar 1957; Higuchi 1992; Townsend 1993) V succosa (Mitt.) Broth. (Townsend 1994)

INVALID SPECIES REpORTED FROM PAKISTAN Barbula consanguinoides Dixon, nom. nudo (Asghar, 1957) Barbula horricomis MulI.Hal., nom. nudo (Dixon, 1926) Brachythecium emodi-glareosum Broth., nom. nudo (Dixon, 1926) Orthotrichum suburnigerum Herzog, nom. nudo (Herzog, 1938) Splachnobryum pulcherrimum Dixon & P.de la Varde, nom. nudo (Blatter & Fernandez, 1931) Tortella subintegra Dixon, nom. nudo(Blatter & Fernandez, 1931)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Dr. T. Nakaike of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chi ba, for his encouraging studying mosses of Pakistan and Dr. D. G. Long of Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, for his correcting English text. This study was partly supported by a Grant-in­ Aid (no. 13640707) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.

LITERATURE CITED Ando, H. 1977. Studies on the genus Hypnum Hedw. (1II). 1. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., ser. B, div. 2, 16: 1--46. Arts, T. 2001. A revision of the Splachnobryaceae (Musci). Lindbergia 26: 77-96. Asghar, A. 1957. A list of mosses of West Pakistan. Biologia 3: 44-52. Bartram, E. B. 1955. Northwestern Himalayan mosses. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 82: 22- 29. Blatter, E. & 1. Fernandez. 1931. Waziristan mosses with some new species described by H. N. Dixon.1. Indian Bot. Soc. 10: 145-153. Brotherus, V. E 1898a. Contributions to the bryological flora of the Northwestern Himalaya. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 24(2): 1--46. Brotherus, V. E I 898b. Musci. In: Duthie, 1. E, The Botany of the Chitral relief expedition, 1895. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 1(9): 180-181. Deguchi, H. 1984. Study on Theriotia kashmirensis (Diphisciaceae, Musci). Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, ser. B. 10: 143-152. Dixon, H. N. 1926. Mosses collected in Gilgit, etc., by J. Garrett and W. Lillie. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 9(5): 303-313, pI. I. Dixon, H. N. 1929. Mosses collected in Waziristan by Mr. 1. Fernandez in 1927. 1. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33(2) 279- 283 . 288 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 200 3

Dixon, H. N. 1942. Some new species of acrocarpous mosses from the North-West Himalaya with notes on Himalayan moss flora. In: Biswas, K. (ed.), 150th Anniv. Vol. R. Bot. Gard. Calcutta. Part 2: 173-182. Frey, W. & H. Kiirschner. 1991. Conspecitus Bryophytorum Orientalum et Arabicorum. Bryophyto­ rum Bibliotheca 39: 1-181. Froehlich,1. 1964. Bryophyten aus Afghanistan und Nordwest-Pakistan. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 67: 149- 158. Gangulee, H. C. 1969-1980. Mosses of Eastern India and adjacent regions., vols. 1-3. Calcutta. Herzog, T. 1938. Bryophyta. In Botanishe Ergebnisse der Deutschen Hindukussch-Expedition 1935. Feddes Repert., Beih. 108: 3-12. Higuchi, M. 1991. Gollania (Hypnaceae, Musci) in the Himalayas. Hikobia 11 : 57-61. Higuchi, M. 1992. Mosses from Pakistan collected by Botanical Expedition of National Science Mu­ seum, Tokyo. In: T. Nakaike & S. Malik (eds.), Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan 1: 245-259. Higuchi, M., N. Nishimura & S. Inoue. 1994. Homomallium andoi (Hypnaceae), a new moss species from Pakistan. 1. Bryol. 18: 297-301. Iwatsuki, Z. & T. Koponen. 1972. On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhodobryum roseum and its related species (Bryophyta). Acta. Bot. Fenn. 96: 1-22. Karczmarz, K. 1980. Bryophytes from Western Jammu and Kashmir. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie­ Sklodowska, sect. C, Bio!. 35 : 33-41. Lewinsky, 1. 1992. The genus Orthotrichum Hedw. (Orthotrichaceae, Musci) in southeast Asia. A taxonomic revision. 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. 72: 1-88. Long, D. G. 1994. Mosses of Bhutan n. A checklist of the mosses of Bhutan. 1. Bryo!. 18 : 339-364. Mathur, L. N. 1925. On a Lahore moss. 1. Indian Bot. Soc. 4: 287-297. Nishimura, N. & M. Higuchi. 1993. Checklist of mosses of Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike & S. Malik (eds.), Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan 2: 275- 299. Nishimura, N. & M. Higuchi. 2001. Mosses of Pakistan collected by Dr. T. Nakaike in 1992. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 27(4): 109-117. Nishimura, N., Z. Iwatsuki, T. Matsui, N. Takaki & H. Deguchi. 1993a. Acrocarpous mosses from Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike & S. Malik (eds.), Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan 2: 239-254. Nishimura, N., R. Watanabe, H. Kanda, N. Takaki, U. Mizushima, Z. Iwatsuki, T. Seki, M. Higuchi & H. Ando. 1993b. Pleurocarpous mosses from Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike & S. Malik (eds.), Cryp­ togamic Flora of Pakistan 2: 255- 268. Noguchi, A. 1956. Mosses from Pakistan. 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. 16: 75-82. Noguchi, A. 1959. Mosses from Pakistan, 2. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 21 : 292-295. Noguchi, A. 1964. A list of mosses from Kashmir and Pakistan. Candollea 19: 191 - 198. Robinson, H. 1965. A small collection ofbryophytes from Kashmir. Bryologist 68: 313-320. Stewart, R. R. 1982. Flora of Pakistan. 186 pp. PanGraphics Ltd., Islamabad. Stoermer, P. 1954. Mosses from Tirich Mir. Nytt Mag. Bot. 3: 191 - 198. Tan, B. C. & Z. Iwatsuki. 1993 . A checklist oflndochinese mosses. 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. 74: 325-405. Townsend, C. C. 1993. New records and a bibliography of the mosses of Pakistan. 1. Bryol. 17: 671- 678. Townsend, C. C. 1994. A small collection of mosses from Himalayan Pakistan. 1. Bryo!. 18: 181- 185. Vitt, D. H. 1972. A monograph of the genus Drummondia. Can. 1. Bot. 50: 1191-1208. M. HIGUCHI & N . NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 289

Appendix 1. Comparison of the moss floras between Pakistan and East India I.

Pakistan East India Common genera and taxa between Order Family (gen.ltaxa)2 (gen.ltaxa) Pakistan and East India

Sphagnales Sphagnaceae 1120 Andreaeales Andreaeaceae 115 Buxbaumiales Buxbaumiaceae 111 Diphysciaceae 112 112 110 Polytrichales Polytrichaceae 4/8 6/46 417 Fissidentales Fissedentaceae 1113 1160 117 Archidiales Archidiaceae 111 Dicranales Ditrichaceae 417 7118 3/3 Seligeriaceae 111 Dicranaceae 8/14 25/95 717 Leucobryaceae 5/ 16 Pottiales Calymperaceae 3/30 Pottiaceae 23/68 24176 13/14 Encalyptaceae 117 Grimmiales Grimmiaceae 2118 4/23 2/3 Ptychomitriaceae 113 Erpodiaceae 111 Funaria1es Ephemeraceae 111 Funariaceae 2/9 3112 2/3 Splachnaceae 2/2 5/ 14 110 Bryales Bryaceae 8/40 10/68 8119 Mniaceae 2/10 4119 217 Aulacornniaceae 111 112 111 Rhizogoniaceae 111 Meesiaceae 111 112 Timmiaceae 111 111 111 Bartramiaceae 3/10 7/27 3/7 Orthotrichales Orthotrichaceae 3110 10/25 3/0 Leucodontales Racopilaceae 112 C1imaciaceae 111 Hedwigiaceae 111 111 Cryphaeaceae 4/4 Leucodontaceae 111 112 1/0 Trachypodaceae 5/ 12 Myuriaceae 111 Pterobryaceae 8/20 Meteoriaceae 11143 Neckeraceae 3/4 10/52 2/2 Lembophyllaceae 3/3 Hookeriales Hookeriaceae 10/32 Symphyodontaceae 119 Leucomiaceae 111 Hypopterygiaceae 111 317 110 290 1. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 93 2 003

Appendix 1. Contiinued

Pakistan East India Common genera and taxa between Order Family (gen.ltaxa )2 (gen.ltaxa) Pakistan and East India

Hypnales Theliaceae 111 III 110 Fabroniaceae 2/3 2/5 110 Leskeaceae 5/8 6/8 311 Thuidiaceae 7113 10/39 5/8 11122 10114 6/4 Brachytheciaceae 8/34 9/41 8114 Entodontaceae 3/3 8/25 3/2 Plagiotheciaceae 2/6 3/ 16 2/4 Sematophyllaceae 2/3 23/65 211 Hypnaceae 8116 13/58 5/5 Rhytidiaceae 111 Hylocomiaceae 7111 Total 124/339 30011042 921120

'Based on Gangulee (1969- 80). Generic position in the family mainly follows Gangulee (1969- 1980). 2 gen. = number of genera; taxa = number of species and infraspecific taxa.

Appendix 2. Comparison of the moss floras between Pakistan and Afghanistan '.

Pakistan Afghanistan Common genera and taxa between Order Family (gen.ltaxa)2 (gen.ltaxa) Pakistan and East India

Buxbaumiales Buxbaumiaceae III Diphysciaceae 112 Polytrichales Polytrichaceae 4/8 1/ 1 III Fissidentales Fissedentaceae 1113 1/4 112 Dicranales Ditrichaceae 417 3/5 3/3 Seligeriaceae III Dicranaceae 8114 112 112 Pottiales Pottiaceae 23/68 19/62 16116 Encalyptaceae 117 1/3 112 Grimmiales Grimmiaceae 2118 3116 2/8 Funariales Funariaceae 2/9 3110 2/3 Splachnaceae 2/2 Bryales Bryaceae 8/40 5/34 4110 Mniaceae 211 0 2/4 2/4 Aulacornniaceae 111 III 111 Meesiaceae III Timmiaceae 1/ 1 III III Bartramiaceae 3/10 2/9 2/5 M. HIGUCHI & N . NISHIMURA: Mosses of Pakistan 291

Appendix 2. Contiinued

Pakistan Afghanistan Common genera and taxa between Order Family (gen.ltaxa)2 (gen.ltaxa) Pakistan and East India

Orthotrichales Orthotrichaceae 3/10 3/ 12 3/6 Leucodontales Fontinalaceae 111 Hedwigiaceae III III III Leucodontaceae 111 III III Neckeraceae 3/4 Hookeriales Hypopterygiaceae 111 Theliaceae 111 Fabroniaceae 2/3 111 Leskeaceae 5/8 2/2 III Thuidiaceae 7/13 111 111 Amblystegiaceae 11122 10119 9110 Brachytheciaceae 8/34 6/ 15 4/9 Entodontaceae 3/3 Plagiotheciaceae 2/6 Sematophy lIaceae 2/3 Hypnaceae 8116 2/3 2/2 Total 124/339 711211 59/92

1 Based on Frey & Kiirschner (1991). Generic position in the family mainly follows Gangulee (1969- 1980). 2 gen. = number of genera; taxa=number of species and infraspecific taxa.