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ARCHITECTURAL SEQUENCE by Robert Lara A THESIS IN ARCH ITECTURE Submitted to the Architecture Faculty of the College of Architecture of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of !!V:IJJ"~ Chairman of the Co~ffiittee ~ ) clro J~J:~4:! I Programming Instructor (ARCH 5395): Prof. M. Peters Design Critic (ARCH 5631 ): May, 1998 AC.. ~GS-~ n I~~~ ii o ~· ?view preface abstract Theoretical Basis 5 supporting theory architectural issues -f Sl> potential design response er case studies Cb references 0........ Facility Program Description 17 (") facility analysis 0 case studies ::J ....+ activity analysis ('1) ::J spatial analysis ....+ references V> Contextual Description 45 overview climate site analysis contextual issues goals and issues case studies references Space Summary 67 net, usable, and gross square footage Synthesis 69 -------- -------------------~-===- avechosencommunltyhouslngfor y the s I s p r oj e ct b.e cause oft he res Its oft he the s Is suburban move men . ltlsposslbletoaccommodateseve ·alconstltuenclesbyprovldlnghou lnglncommunltleswlthlnthedown ownlsarealnexlstln~bandonedb Qr:v~eru:v~1 ~-~ acesandpartlcipatlnglndlverselt c t I v I t I e s. I h a d a g r e a tI tm eI t I s I m po tanttotryandredeflnaethedeflnlt on of the " am er I can d ream ". com m u I, t y ho us I n g I s n e ces s a r yIf we want t contlnuetoprovldebunch housln foreveryonewlthouttheextenslve ,s e of I and. Id on 't know what I' 11 done ttodeslredattltudesandbehavlor houldbeofencouragedandexpres edthroughtheformandspaceofthe o u sI n g c o m m u In t I e s. I t I s a I m o s t o v r t h e p r oj e c t wI I I I n c I u d e r e-u s I n g a n pproxlmately270,000crapsquar f o o t e xI s t I n g b u I I d I n gt o p r_o v I d e t h. preface Due to the result of the suburban movement I have chosen to create community housing in an urban environment for my thesis project. It is possible to accommodate several constituencies by providing housing in communities within the downtown area in existing abandoned buildings. By providing homes in downtown the residents can, in return, maintain and add life to the once abandoned community. Planning and structure of urban environments should promote interaction among dwellers and insist that they participate in their surroundings. This participation leads to the development of an environment that is capable of expressing the care and pride of their community. The housing complex should facilitate the active participation of 0 residents and prove to be an enjoyable experience among the < (1) inhabitants. This facility should provide an opportunity for people to < take an initiative and play an integral role as a participant in creating a (1) comfortable environment for everyone to live in. robertlara97/ 98 rll•Mi·'i.li II._____________ _ abstract thesis Statement The interior re-construction of the Wilson building shall create a culturally diverse atmosphere for inhabitants, of mixed income-level, to enjoy and experience together. <1J > 'The architecture of a place should express honor, pride and 0 belonging for the user and should, therefore, through the creation of sequential and hierarchical spaces provide order to a housing community with diverse activities and personal territory for the inhabitants'. Context Statement The progressive abandonment of downtown Dallas has left behind boarded up stores on Main Street, empty buildings, and street people to define the outlook on the Central Business District. The Wilson building was one of the first buildings in downtown when it was erected in 1903 and should be looked to once again to add to the re vitalization of the downtown at this time of re-growth. Located in the heart of the Business District, the Wilson Building can add to the existing neighborhood community consisting of the Farmers Market, the Cedars Neighborhood Association, the State-Thomas Homeowners Association, the West End Association and Deep Ellum as seen on the Map 1.1. robertlara97 / 98 - scope of project The project will entail the adaptive re-use of an existing building, approximately 270,000 square feet. The physical make-up of the exterior will be kept in tact with the exception of minor changes and additions. On the other hand, the interior of the building will be gutted and re-designed to accommodate a community housing facility to provide diverse activities not only for the inhabitants but also for the Central Business District community. 0 < "v v Cb v -, vV_.,~ J < downtown dallas map Cb 1 - arts district :;;: 2 - west end historic district 3 - business district 4 - fanners market robertlara97/98 "d'Mfi'lfr• supporting theory Community is a Utopian term that has become widely accepted in the profession of architecture. It is a Utopian idea in the sense that it is a condition difficult and almost impossible to achieve. To describe spaces it has been used in phrases such as 'to serve and stimulate communal purpose'; 'to facilitate social intercourse and the democratic way of doing things'; or to support 'a strong tendency among human beings to live in a neighborhood together if they can' (Glendinning and Muthesius 97). The term community does not have to be an ideology, but can be created by following certain social issues. Once those issues are established architectural design issues must be implemented to successfully create those spaces. Socially, a community concerns the close grouping of an estate or housing units around a community center. The facility should, -; =r therefore, provide a center, which encourages residents to participate Cl> 0 in creating a system by which the inhabitants can depend on each '""I Cl> other, and take part in community organized activities. This experience n PJ allows friendships to develop and keeps the viability of the facility, creating a sense of community. Communities are bound by what OJ Q) people agree to be chief ingredients, simple need and mutual help, and V> V> the ties of kinship (Glendinning and Muthesius 103). A community is also defined by the intimate and spontaneous relationships that occur within the community. Community design allows residents to lead an robertlara97 /98 isolationist home life or to join others spontaneously in cooperation to V> get something done. Spaces are designed to allow for, both, spontaneous and planned relationships to occur. This is where the architectural organization of spaces facilitates the social intercourse amongst residents and arranges the spaces in a sequential manner to ........ be aesthetically Q.) pleasing . '- 0 Q.) ...c Architecturally, spatial organization is used to describe the basic t- ways a building's spaces are related to one another. The relationship of these spaces is critical in defining each space in the facility. Through hierarchy the architect defines each space and its significance within the facility. Then, spaces are laid out sequentially to unify and provide a smooth flowing experience through the spaces of the facility to make a whole. To integrate these spaces a link must be made between the spaces and the activities in the spaces. Linking the broadest of social issues such as attitudes and behavior with 'form' and 'space' facilitates the interaction in the space (Glendinning and Muthesius 95). The linking of social issues and architectural issues is an attempt to meet goals beyond practicality and technology. The combination of architectural as well as social issues can prove to be socially pleasing and aesthetically successful in the design of the facility. To integrate those spaces there are several architectural concepts that can achieve this relationship of space. robertlara97/98 WIMMj.iifft Space within a space is one of four spatial relationships. This involves a large space enveloping a smaller space within its volume. To perceive this concept there needs to be a clear differentiation between the two spaces. The contained space may take a different shape from the larger space to act as a freestanding object, which indicates a functional difference or symbolic importance. This symbolic importance can play the role of a member in a series that links spaces throughout the facility. Interlocking spaces consist of two or more spaces whose field's overlap to form a zone of shared spaces. When spaces overlap their volumes, each retains its identity and definition as space. The overlapping of the spaces can become equally shared by each space. The overlapped spaces can be merged with the other space and become an integral part of that volume. The overlapping portion can also develop its own identity and become the link between both spaces. -f =r ('1) Adjacent spaces are the most common of spatial relationships. 0.., ('1) Adjacency allows each space to be defined separately and respond to .-+ its functional or symbolic requirements. Visual or spatial continuity depends on the nature of the plane that separates and binds the two spaces. The separating plane may reinforce the individuality of each space, and accommodate their differences. It can also take the form of a freestanding wall or be defined by a row of columns that allow ample spatial and visual continuity between the two spaces. The divider may robertlara9 7 / 98 also be implied by a change in level or surface between the two spaces, although this may read as a single space with two related zones. Spaces linked by common spaces serve their function when separated by distance. The relationship between the two spaces will depend on the common relationship they share with the third space. The intermediate space may also differ in form and orientation from the two spaces to express its linking function.