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Peru Country Handbook

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Peru Country Handbook Peru Country Handbook 1. This handbook provides basic reference information on Peru, including its geography, history, government, military forces, and communications and transportation networks. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge to assist them during their assignment to Peru. 2. This product is published under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program (DoDIPP). This handbook has been published as a joint effort within the Department of Defense (DoD). This product reflects the coordinated U.S. Defense Intelligence Production Community position on Peru. 3. Dissemination and use of this publication is restricted to official military and government personnel from the United States of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, NATO member countries, and other countries as required and designated for support of coalition operations. 4. The photos and text reproduced herein have been extracted solely for research, comment, and information reporting, and are intended for fair use by designated personnel in their official duties, including local reproduction for training. Further dissemination of copyrighted material contained in this document, to include excerpts and graphics, is strictly prohibited under Title 17, U.S. Code. TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FACTS . 1 U.S. MISSION . 2 U.S. Embassy. 2 Entry Requirements . 2 Customs Restrictions . 4 Travel Advisories . 4 GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE . 5 Geography . 5 Topography . 8 Bodies of Water and Drainage . 13 Urban Centers . 15 Environment and Natural Hazards . 17 Climate . 17 Tropical Wet . 18 Tropical Arid . 18 Tropical Upland . 18 Special Phenomena . 21 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION . 22 Transportation . 22 Roads . 22 Rail . 24 Air . 26 Maritime . 27 Communication . 30 Radio and Television . 30 Telephone and Telegraph . 30 iii Table of Contents (Continued) Internet . 31 Newspapers and Magazines . 31 Postal Services . 31 CULTURE . 32 Population Statistics . 32 Society . 32 Ethnic Groups . 32 Education . 34 Literacy . 35 Language . 35 Religion . 36 Social Customs and Courtesies . 36 Greetings . 36 Gestures . 36 Visiting . 37 Peruvian Hospitality . 37 Eating . 37 Food . 38 Family . 38 Relationships . 38 Recreation . 39 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT . 39 Infectious Disease Risks to Deployed Personnel . 39 Food- or Waterborne Diseases . 39 Insect-, Tick-, and Miteborne Diseases . 39 Respiratory Diseases . 40 Sexually Transmitted and/or Bloodborne Diseases . 40 Animal-associated Diseases . 40 Medical Capabilities . 41 Key Medical Facilities . 41 iv Table of Contents (Continued) HISTORY . 42 First Settlers and Pre-Inca Cultures . 42 The Inca Empire . 42 Spanish Discovery and Conquest . 43 Vice-Royalty . 44 Independence . 44 Republic of Peru . 45 Modern Peru . 45 Chronology . 47 GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS . 49 Government . 49 National Level . 49 Constitution . 51 Suffrage . 52 Key Government Officials . 52 Local Government . 52 Politics . 54 Corruption . 54 Foreign Relations . 54 International Organizations . 57 ECONOMY . 58 Statistics . 59 Natural Resources . 59 Agriculture . 60 Labor . 62 Services . 62 Mining . 64 Manufacturing . 64 Fishing . 66 Trade . 66 v Table of Contents (Continued) Exports . 66 Imports . 67 Regional Trade Associations . 67 Foreign Investment . 68 THREAT . ..
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