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A New Introduction to the Latin Language

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A New Introduction to the Latin Language o . .. ' \ - - I I \ . - 'I I . I , \ _ \ ' a . r p \ . 1 - 0 ,- * I) I t-w, i. 1' J' (r 3, . 7 ' U \ ' - _ fflMd'Mct-L 'va-'on' - I _ i ' P l 1 - ' \ I 1 N- ' . ' ty'd 7 ff r' ſſ J Þ *' 1 1 _ 1 / H 1 l I . ' 1' ' 1 ' ' qfi, _ 1 1 ' \ \ l . " 1 \ ' ' I I - \ I I ' \ a . ' \ \ _ U l a \ ' \ ſ u \ l l 1 C n ff , \ i-Jen- .*-*- ,;-'.3w9.\W:-\-}a- '.*"-\-d -_ I.--- -._... 4- A.- .. , m- .. I', r .J\1 _, m- i _, _ , I . ....... Affl mj PI- A A NEW INTRODUCTION LATIN LTANGUAGE': TO THE TOB ITANPZTITÞF'ZAPZHL LATINSYNTAX AND R-END'ER FAMILIAR To me MlND THE GRAMMATICAL . CONSTRUCTION o' Till' USEFUL LANGUAGE -: con-(TAINtNG ' _ CRITJCAL and EXPLANATORY NOTES on all the Rvuzs of GOVERNMENT and AGREEMENT. BY CALEB ALEXANDER, A. M. 1 Author of "A GRAMMATICAL SYSTIM on 'nu LNGLIHH LAN GUAcz,*'-"anMMA1-chx. iLnuN-rs,"-" A GRAM'MATICAL murmur: or 'run LAnN LANGUACE," and "AN lm'xonuc 'non 1'0 'run 'PIAKXNG AND wmrmc o' 'run xNGusn um ouzmn," . Publiſhed according to Rd nf (auguſt WORCESTER, (llASSACllUSI-ZTTS) PRINTED BY ISAIAH THOMAS, juno 'on lSAIAH THOMAS: Sonn AT 'ran Woncznu BOOKSTOR', AND nY'THz BomzseL-z um: ly' BOSTON. ___________-_.-. ._ __ _.- "1795**"*_ _-_. - o ſ . ' ' . ' ' . ' _ ' _ I' l x '- . k ' - ' K ' .. a a. i * I _ ' ſi ' Q n > ' _ 4'! a - . a . - '1 * \ o * 1 W ' ' - . lp . a ' _ ſ o ' x '_, ' 'ſi Q _ 4 _ - _ _. I a 2 - ) i. X _ .. *-.) p. '* " Q l - - < ' - ' * ſſ" \, a . - , 7. 0 A . \ ' I _ . 0 . t ' U > / - _ ' l I A . a ' . , - \ A , '- _ t _.. _.. _ - - p o . 0 ' * ' X ' . o \ . ct i * , as _ I' I , ,. , _ - z 0 A ' _ . 1 . - K . \ - - - d ,, _ A , . ' ' ſ , * . , A, ' r , . '- ' - _ ' p i '- 7 ., - J . A - * . ' * _ A ) . ' I I ' * Q - A. - _ ' ' " ' ** * ſſ 4' - a va' '5 ' , '- I . > i ' . r 0 > - i Q * ' A U I ' , \ . _ Q . _ _ -. ' '- - _ 'zq , 'l I c .> ' * * - ry. a * * , _ - _ ' ' . ' , . \ \ o _' I - \ ... .- (a - . o ' . \ ' 1 . \-\ '- p a ' . 'va * .,{ . , .' ' ' i - . - . 'at-i' - '1 A ' -' ſi . 'I \ * r - 1 I I 'ſi o- : 'ſi ſſ ' _ ſ . - , _/ - \. d * - " ' - U' ' ' . ' _ , ' ' \ > - \ p r. a . 'I . , a' - * \ a , t O l - ' , _ A * I. ' V, - p, .. - - . ',.-- n r r ' ' ' r a z _ ' ' _ 1 ' '* '. i *ſſ * w F 0 _ * 4 Þ . t ' - s \ - - -- 'I' \ "j \ ſſ' 1 1 *-'* X . * x; ' " 4 ' - r * 'A £L . 7 - _ . _ o. _ * . , i 'Q * . _ . .. 7_ , . o - - - a 1', 'h** I -- - ' a - i - * J L ' C . 4 * , p p . p fi .. - > l 1 _-. z. ', ' 0 - i '4' ' o . _ i . ' , .o . ' '\ - 'I ' 'a, s,_ _ . - - _ ' I _ A' L . l r . _, ._ ' ' r * - > . -' . * ' ' Q - - _ i _ . i 5 . ' .' 'A ' / ' . - I \ Q 1 4.. r ' . ' ' . > . I ' _ l - ' ' . *. ſi / 1 ' - ſſ . _ _ . - ' / 'U . 1 _ . r. X- 1. *-'.- > .z.l_,,; -.-u__. w' .-....---_.-.-- -' - \ ' e T ſſ-Þ KD-er-rz- '- -:*-":-::-. -. -..-..-..-.,\2-.,-_:.:-::\ ZÞ'PREFACE TO underſtand all the beauties of' any language, the knowledge of Grammar is ve ry neceſſary. A perſon, it is true, may converſe in his own language, read'the writings of others, and comprehend their ſentiments, without being verſe-3 in the principles of grammar; If, however, he be' * deſtitute of this knowledge, he will, in his converſation and writing, be guilty oſ uſing many barbarous ex' preflions, and his words will be often ſo joined to gether as to caſt a great, if not total obſcurity over his ideas'. ln reading the writings ofothers, he will alſo be expoſed, in many inſtances, to miſtake their meaning and conſequently run himſelf into conſu fion. Suppoſing, however, that by the mere force of habit, or genius, he may riſe ſuperior to all theſe' inconveniencies, yet, iſ deſtitute oſ grammatical' knowledge, many beauriee even of his own nativev tongue will certainly lie beyond his comprehenſion. In the ſentences of any language, there is 'a mutua? dependence and connexiombetween the words. ' ' One iv PRſiEFACE. One word is ſo dependenton another and neceſſarily connected with it, that if theſe'are deſtroyed, or not underſtood, the beauty of the ſentence will eſcape' the notice of the reader. And, as all langu'ages are compoſed oſ words and ſentences, connected together by certain rules that 'cuſtom has eſtabliſhed, and as there is a great variety of ſentences, eſpecially in the more uſeſul and leite langu'ages', ſo=it is highly ex pedient that theſe eſtabliſhed rules (hauld be known; _ in order that the beauties of the language may ap pear in their full luſtre. , t . 'I'o form an uniyerſal, or polite ſcholar, former 'ages have deemed the knowledge of the Latin Lan guage neceſſary, and with this opinion later ages have concurreJ. For this purpoſe the ſtudy ofthis lan guzge has been introduced into pubct: [than/r, mad cmiw, college: and mziwrſittſier; and its knowledge has beenjuſtly eſteemed a neceſſary part ofeducation: To deſcribe the advantages reſulting from this ſcience is ſoreign to our preſent ſubject. It may not be improper, however, to obſerve, that the ſtudy of this language opens to the mind a very extenſive field, and brings one acquainted with the ancient poets, pbin/opbers, [al/larzſiam, politirians, general', kings, and the inventor: of uſeſul arts; to which may be added an acquaintance with the cuſtams, law: and religion: of different nations. A ſubject, one would think, ſufficient to rouſe the mind from inactivity, and ſtimulate to the acquifition of glory. AcAms'Lz " * _ P R E F A C E. wi' . AcAtnsT theſe remarks it has been objected, I-, am ſenſible, that all this knowledge 'may be obtain- ed by reading in our . own language, the things to which alluſion is here made. To this its . may be replied, that the objection will appear groundleſs when it ſhall be conſidered, that the: original beauty of compoſition is much injured by c- tranſlation; and it is altogether impoffible to enter' ſo- thoroughly into an afithor's view: and feelingr, when-the fire oſ his genius is partly extingu-iſhed-r by tranſlating _his ideas into a language, differentv foam that in which-he wrote. And it may, moreoo ver, be ſaid, that a becoming deſerence tolthe ſenti ment and practice of the moſt brilliant characters, ince t/Jſie refirmatim, is ſufficient to evince the pro- \ priety oſinitiating our youth, eſpecially thoſe de-ſſ ſigned for the learned Proſeffions, into the knowledge; of the Greek and. Latin tongues. ' SOME may' think, perhape, that theſe obſervation-s, areimpertinentlyintroduced inthis PREFACE, asthsv following work relates wholly to the ſubject of Sym. gnx. But as Stimtiarflm Janitrix Grammalimff it was. not improper to ſay ſomething in commendation of that language, to which this workis intended as du: - Introductian. THAT the CYaffi: Ilii/fort may be read'and'under flood without knowing the Rules oſ grammar, is a' ſſ ſcntiment advocatcd by aſew. But the advocates' A 2' or. * Gmmar is the pc-ttrcſs oſ Lhc ſciences. vi PREFACE. oſthis ſentiment are, in general, men who are there ough adepts both in grammat' and the learned lan guages. Havingimprcſſed on theirminds the connex ion and dependence of words, and eaſily compre hending tbeſtnſc oſ the authors they read, they are extremely apt to ſeel. that others need not perplex themſelves with ſtudying thoſe rules, which they learned in younger life. But the falſity of the rea ſoning is very plain. The ſentiment is built on' _ the principle, that others Cain eaſily underſtand with', out any ſtudy, the agreement and government of words and ſentences, to gain which knowledge they, were obliged to ſpend many laborious months and years. Two reaſons were influential to begin and finiſh ' thefollowing Introductian. I. Some apparent defici encies in Mr. Clarke's '4 Introa'ucttſion to i/Je Making if Latin." 2. To prevent the neceſſity of ſending to Eu rope ſor books, that are wanted and uſed in 'Amer ican ſchools. On theſe reaſons I crave the indul- - gence of making ſome remarks. I. SOM'E apparent deficiencies in Mr. Clarke'a 'i Introductian to the Making aſ Latin." Mn. CLARKE's Introductian is awork for whichl have a very high eſteem, and feel no diſpoſition to depreciate its merits. He has ſhewn great ingenuity in the arrangement of his rules, and much propriety i and reading, in the collecting and tranſlating oſ the examples to be made into good Latin. He is, how ever deficient in ſome things, that are eſſential t'o a werk Lz'___ _ PREFACvE, work of this kind. Among which mayv be reckoned the entire omiſſion of ſome rulesZthat are'*of frequent uſe in the language; many of his rules are exemplil fied with no more than one or twov ſhortſentences 5. ' his critical remarks and explanatoryſi notes are too few for the benefit of the ſtudent 5' and his Succinct account of the affairs of ancient Greece and Rome, is too long, and raiſes the price of the book too big/7.ſi for a ſchool book. To remedy theſe defects was one deſign in corn." pofing and publiſhing this ſubſequent Introduction. An attempt has been accordingly made to exemplify every rule with many inſtances of falſe grammarc In the Appendix, the ſtudent will find many critical and explanatory notes, which will greatly affiſt him, either in underſtanding the ſeveral rules, in each ſep arate chapter, or inform him of the exceptions and' * deviations from the general rules.
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