DOCSLIB.ORG

Harkat-Ul Mujahideen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Harkat-Ul Mujahideen India and Pakistan NiPUN www.nipunindia.in 1 SOME Major Incident in India – Pak Kashmir war-1947 The Karachi Agreement 27th of July 1949. a cease- fire agreement signed by Military Representatives of India and Pakistan Shimla summit, July 2, 1972 Siachen conflict, 1984 Mumbai blasts - 12 March 1993 Nuclear tests in 1998 Lahore Declaration is February 21, 1999, The Lahore Declaration brought addedNiPUN responsibility to both nations' leadership towards avoiding nuclear race 1999 Kargil war- Armed conflict (May and July 1999) Operation Vijay www.nipunindia.in 2 Agra summit 14–16 July 2001 At this meeting, a proposal was made to drastically reduce nuclear arsenals, and other issues involving the Kashmir dispute, and cross-border terrorism. The 2001 Indian Parliament attack Certain confidence-building measures — such as the 2003 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Mumbai attacks 26 November2008 Pathankot attack 2016 terrorist attack committed on 2 January 2016 by a heavily armed group which attacked the PathankotNiPUNAir Force Station URI Attack 18 soldiers killed in militant attack in Uri Baramulla district on Sep 20, 2016 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016www.nipunindia.in 3 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016 1. Operation begins around 12.30 am on Wednesday. According to reports, paratroopers from Special Forces were involved. 2. The commandos were airdropped at the LoC, from where they crossed over to the Pakistani side. 3. According to sources, Indian commandos entered three kilometres across the Line of Control to conduct the 'surgical strikes' NiPUN 4. The strikes were carried out in Bhimber, Hotspring, Kel & Lipa sectors, on Pak's side of LoC, www.nipunindia.in 4 Surgical strikes does not mean war Surgical strikes are military operations undertaken by forces across the world to move on the offensive, hit enemy targets and installations, and return to primary positions, all with lightening speed and with the added precaution of suffering limited casualty. Surgical strikes require not just detailed and exhaustiveNiPUN planning but need to be carried out with absolute precision to achieve the objective of taking down targets with either no or minimal collateralwww.nipunindia.in damage 5 Why did India go for this The option of surgical strikes was taken in the wake of increase in infiltration bids , the DGMO informed. Terrorists had begun gathering in large numbers along the LoC with the objective of crossing the border and targeting locations in Jammu and Kashmir, as well asNiPUN other metros. In such a scenario surgical strikes was considered the best option to deal with the threat. www.nipunindia.in 6 India International – UNO Charter give the power for action to all countries in self defense. Neighbor country – Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Nepal, Lanka Global Power – USA, Russia, EU, France, Israel etc INDIA is changingNiPUN the Nature Soft State to Soft Power www.nipunindia.in 7 China Pakistani supporter Russia will instantly try to hold China. In south China sea – Japan, Vietnam, America & Australia. Turkey - Israel - Afghanistan – Turkey is a known ally of Pakistan. Afghanistan will surely prove to be weaker in that region. Turkey will undoubtedly dominate Afghanistan because of which the next entry would be of Israel. Israel will badly defeatNiPUN Turkey Gulf countries Pakistan will beg to Gulf countries including Saudi where they may or may not get help but one thing is sure they'll surely get financialwww.nipunindia.in aid. 8 NiPUN Pakistanwww.nipunindia.inNuclear Weapon9 Pakistan Nuclear program start date 20 January 1972 First nuclear weapon test 28 May 1998 (Chagai-I) First fusion weapon test N/A Last nuclear test 30 May 1998 (Chagai-II) 25–40 kt in 1998 Largest yield test (PAEC claim) Total tests 6 detonations 130 warheads Peak stockpile NiPUN(2016 estimate) Current stockpile (usable and not) 130 warheads Maximum missile range 2,750 km (Shaheen-III) NPT party www.nipunindia.inNo 10 -The TPG succeeded in the earlier implosion-type weapon design in 1977–78, with the first cold test conducted in 1983. -that were eventually used in the Chagai-I tests in 1998. - the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission for feasibility of weapons grade plutonium but parallel efforts were mounted toward weapons-grade uranium after India's test, the Smiling Buddha, in 1974. -On 11 March 1983, PAEC, carried out its first subcritical testing of a working nuclear device. This is also called a cold test,NiPUN and was codenamed Kirana-I. There were 24 more cold tests from 1983–94. -in 1987 that could be delivered by all Pakistan Air Force fighter aircraft www.nipunindia.in 11 India Nuclear Weapons NiPUN www.nipunindia.in 12 Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear 18 May 1974 weapon test First fusion 11 May 1998 weapon test Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest-yield test 20-60kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile NiPUN110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000-5,800 km (Agni-V) NPT Party www.nipunindia.in No 13 -India possesses weapons of mass destruction in the form of nuclear weapons and, in the past, chemical weapons. -Though India has not made any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal, recent estimates suggest that India has 110 nuclear weapons -India is not a signatory to the 1968 Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -India has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the ChemicalNiPUN Weapons Convention. -India is also a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime and a subscribing state to the Hague Code of Conduct. www.nipunindia.in 14 Biological Weapons No information exists in the public domain suggesting interest by the Indian government in delivery of biological agents by these or any other means. in October 2002, the then President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul KalamNiPUNasserted that "India will not make biological weapons. It is cruel to human beings". www.nipunindia.in 15 Chemical Weapons -In 1992, India signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), ratified it on 2 September 1996. -In June 1997, India declared its stock of chemical (1,045 tonnes of sulphur mustard). -By the end of 2006 - April 2009, India had destroyed more than 75 percent - India informed the United Nations in May 2009, This was cross-checked by inspectors of the United Nations. With this India has become third country after South Korea and Albania to do so. - India has an advanced commercial chemical industry, and produces the bulk of its NiPUNown chemicals for domestic consumption (civilian chemical and pharmaceutical industry) and annually exports to countries such as the United Kingdom, United States andwww.nipunindia.in Taiwan. 16 Nuclear weapons started on March 1944 and its three-stage efforts in technology were established by Dr. Homi Bhabha when he founded the nuclear research centre, the Institute of Fundamental Research. India's loss of territory to in October 1962, provided the New DelhiNiPUN government impetus for developing nuclear weapons as a means of deterring potential Chinese aggression. www.nipunindia.in 17 Nuclear disarmament 1948: create an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) 1952: four-year plan to begin developing India's nuclear infrastructure. 1954: The Indian government creates the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), which takes over the execution of Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) policies. 1955: Britain provides India with six kilograms of enriched uranium fuel rods, The Atomic Energy Commission of the United States agrees to sell ten tons of heavy water to India for use in the nuclear research reactor 1956: Canada agrees to NiPUNsupply India with half the initial uranium fuel required for the CIRUS research reactor,33 and the United States agrees to sell 18.9 tons of heavy water for the reactor. www.nipunindia.in 18 October 6, 1961: India signs an agreement with the Soviet Union. September 21, 1962: The Indian government enacts the Atomic Energy Act of 1962, which allows for enhanced secrecy and mandates central governmental control over atomic energy. August 8, 1963: United States and the Government of India Concerning the Civil Uses of Atomic Energy is signed. The United States will supply two 200MW reactors. 1963: India concludes cooperation agreements with Denmark and Poland. October 16, 1964: China conducts a test of a nuclear weapon. December 1966: The United States, India, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sign an agreement allowing the United States to supply a small amount of plutonium to India for research purposes. October 6, 1967: India will notNiPUN sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) www.nipunindia.in 19 India first tested a nuclear device in 1974 (code-named "Smiling Buddha"), which it called a "peaceful nuclear explosion." The test used plutonium produced in the Canadian- supplied CIRUS reactor, and raised concerns that nuclear technology supplied forNiPUN peaceful purposes could be diverted to weapons purposes. www.nipunindia.in 20 Controversy regarding the yield - with unclear data provided by Indian sources, although Indian politicians have given the country's press a range from 2 kt to 20 kt. Analysts usually estimate the yield at 4 to 6 kt International reaction -This also stimulated the early work of the Nuclear Suppliers Group. -Canada and United States reacted negatively, -France sent a congratulatory telegram to India but later withdrewNiPUN it - Pakistan's Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto vowed “nuclear blackmail" or accept "Indian hegemony or domination over the subcontinent". www.nipunindia.in 21 Pokhran-II consisted India performed of five detonations, further nuclear tests in of which the first was 1998 (code-named a fusion bomb . "Operation Shakti". originally they were called Operation Shakti– 98 (Power–98), the five nuclear bombs were designated NiPUN Shakti-I through Shakti-V. Period11–13 May 1998Number of tests5 www.nipunindia.in 22 International reactions United States The United States issued a strong statement condemning India and promised that sanctions would follow.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct
    Joint Military Intelligence College LAMBERT Y Y The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct TEL IN LIG Y E R N A C T E I L C I O M L L T E N G I E O J 1962 Major Stephen P. Lambert U.S. Air Force TEL IN LIG Y E R N A C ISBN 1-932946-02-0 T E PCN 56747 I L C I O M L L T E N G I E O J 1962 The Joint Military Intelligence College supports and encourages research on intelligence issues that distills lessons and improves Intelligence Community capabilities for policy-level and operational consumers Y: The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct, Major Stephen P. Lambert, U.S. Air Force This product has been reviewed by senior experts from academia and government, and has been approved for unrestricted distribution by the Directorate for Freedom of Information and Security Review, Washington Headquarters Services. It is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service (www.ntis.gov). The author has also arranged for publication of this study through the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. The projected publication date is 2005. The Hoover Institution book includes commentar- ies on Major Lambert’s work by an even greater variety of scholars than included in the present book. [email protected], Editor and Director Center for Strategic Intelligence Research Library of Congress Control Number 2004114330 ISBN 1-932946-02-0 Y The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct Major Stephen P. Lambert, U.S. Air Force Research Fellow In g ic t e e g ll t ii a g e r n tt c SS c ee rr R R o o e e f f s s e e r r a a e e t r t r n c n Joint Military c e h e h C Intelligence College C WASHINGTON, DC April 2005 With the cooperation and support of the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) USAF Academy, Colorado Springs The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Costs of Disarmament— Mortgaging the Future
    i UNIDIR/2003/39 Costs of Disarmament— Mortgaging the Future: The South Asian Arms Dynamic Susan Willett UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva, Switzerland NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. * * * The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. UNIDIR/2003/39 Copyright © United Nations, 2003 All rights reserved UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. GV.E.04.0.1 ISBN 92-9045-161-0 The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)—an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations—conducts research on disarmament and security. UNIDIR is based in Geneva, Switzerland, the centre for bilateral and multilateral disarmament and non- proliferation negotiations, and home of the Conference on Disarmament. The Institute explores current issues pertaining to the variety of existing and future armaments, as well as global diplomacy and local entrenched tensions and conflicts. Working with researchers, diplomats, Government officials, NGOs and other institutions since 1980, UNIDIR acts as a bridge between the research community and Governments. UNIDIR’s activities are funded by contributions from Governments and donors foundations. The Institute’s web site can be found at URL: http://www.unidir.org Cover page: designed by Diego Oyarzún-Reyes (UNCTAD) iv CONTENTS Page Preface by Christophe Carle .
    [Show full text]
  • India May 2009
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT INDIA 12 MAY 2009 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE INDIA 12 MAY 2009 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN INDIA FROM 17 MARCH 2009 – 12 MAY 2009 REPORTS ON INDIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 17 MARCH 2009 AND 12 MAY 2009 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ............................................................................................. 2.01 3. HISTORY ............................................................................................... 3.01 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS....................................................................... 4.01 Elections ....................................................................................... 4.04 Mumbai terrorist attacks – November 2008 ............................... 4.08 5. CONSTITUTION ...................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM................................................................................ 6.01 Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 7.01 UN Conventions ........................................................................... 7.05 8. SECURITY SITUATION ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Jenkins and the Partition of Punjab 1947
    Jenkins and the Partition of Punjab 1947 Farah Gul Baqai National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2018 Jenkins and the Partition of Punjab 1947 FARAH GUL BAQAI NIHCR Publication No.216 Copyright 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research (NIHCR). Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to NIHCR at the address below. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, (New Campus) P.O.Box No.1230, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.nihcr.edu.pk Published by Muhammad Munir Khawar (Publication Officer) Edited by Mohammad Saleem (Sub-Editor) Rao Tahir Hussain (Sub-Editor) Printed at M/s IF Graphics, Royal Centre, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Price Pak Rs.700.00 SAARC Countries Rs.1500.00 ISBN: 978-969-415-133-5 US $.20.00 In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS Anwar Zamani (Mother) Zulfiqar Ali Khan Baqai (Father) AND MY CHILDREN Aiza, Danish and Jamal ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the achievement of this task I am thankful to late Dr. Rizwan Malik who encouraged me to jump into this pursuit of truth. I am grateful to my school day’s friend late Dr. Aizaz Vardag who was very happy to know that I was doing Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    Saving Grace: Saqshbandi Spiritual Transmission in the Asian Sub-Continent, 1928-1997 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Lizzio, Kenneth Paul Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 09:49:29 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/270114 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistina print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Territories of Terror – How Jihadist Movements Project Influence on the Internet and Why It Matters Off- Line“
    DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation “Online Territories of Terror – How Jihadist Movements Project Influence on the Internet and Why it Matters Off- line“ Verfasser Mag. phil. Nico Prucha angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 385 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Arabistik Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Lohlker Table of Contents INTRODUCING THE ONLINE TERRITORIES OF TERROR 6 JIHADIST INNOVATION AND LEARNING BY ADAPTING TO THE ‘NEW’ AND ‘SOCIAL MEDIA’ ZEITGEIST 19 THE VALUE OF THE INTERNET FOR STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION 31 SOCIAL MEDIA AND ICONOGRAPHY – THE VISUAL LITERACY OF IDEOLOGY WITHIN THE REACH OF A MOUSE CLICK 39 THE EVERYDAY JIHAD ON THE INTERNET 47 CELEBRITIES OF THE AFTERLIFE: DEATH CULT, STARS, AND FANDOM OF JIHADIST PROPAGANDA ON THE INTERNET 57 ON JIHADI MEDIA ACTIVISTS AND NEW MARTYR ROLE MODELS 59 VARIOUS MARTYR TYPES AS ROLE MODELS 61 THE NEW MARTYRS OF THE INTERNET – THE DEATH OF AQ’S SECOND-IN- COMMAND, ABU YAHYA AL-LIBI, EULOGIZED BY AYMAN AL-ZAWAHIRI 63 ELEMENTS OF THE MARTYR STORIES – WONDROUS TALES (KARAMAT) BY ‘ABDALLAH ‘AZZAM 69 INTERSECTIONS – THE THEOLOGICAL MAKING OF THE “MEDIA SHAHID” 80 ONLINE MARTYRS AND FANDOM DEATH CULT 83 THE MARTYRDOM OF THE MEDIA MUJAHID MU’AWIYYA ‘ABD AL-QAHHAR BELHAJJ 85 THE FOUNDERS, PIONEERS AND ACTORS OF THE EARLY ELECTRONIC MEDIA FRONTIER – ABU A’ID AL-FILASTINI 87 ABU ‘UMAR – THE NEW ROLE MODEL OF THE “MEDIA MARTYR” 99 THE MARTYRDOM OF THE MUNSHID OF THE AL-SHUMUKH FORUM 105 ABU QASURA AL-LIBI – FIGHTING AGAINST AL-QADHDHAFI TO DIE IN AL-ASSAD’S SYRIA.
    [Show full text]
  • 20061017 Landmine Challenges
    WORKSHOP REPORT “LANDMINE CHALLENGES TO HUMANITY & ENVIRONMENT” Imphal, MANIPUR (INDIA) 17 October 2006 Manipur Committee for Social Concern (MCSC) came into being in 2000 to work to bring about peace for the people of Manipur. It brings together well qualified academics, intellectu- als and activists. It conducts seminars and field work with local voluntary contributions and aims to spread awareness to bring a solution to various contentious issues. The Indian Institute for Peace, Disarmament and Environmental Protection (IIPDEP) was founded in August 1993. It is a non-political, non-profit NGO Research, whose main ob- jectives are public education and awareness raising in the field of peace and disarmament. IIPDEP has been part of the Indian Campaign to Ban Landmines (Indian CBL) since March 1995, essentially conducting public education and awareness development activities in this respect. To date, the IIPDEP has organized 48 regional seminars and mine risk education (MRE) workshops in various state capitals and in volatile regions such as Jammu & Kashmir and Northeast India. It has also organized MRE workshops in villages along the India- Pakistan border. Geneva Call is a neutral, international humanitarian NGO formed under Swiss law and launched in March 2000 with the objective of engaging armed non-State actors (NSAs) worldwide to adhere to a total ban on anti-personnel (AP) mines and respect other humanitar- ian norms. To facilitate this process, Geneva Call provides a mechanism whereby NSAs, which are not eligible to accede to treaties, can commit to a mine ban by signing a “Deed of Commitment Under Geneva Call for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-Personnel Mines and for Cooperation in Mine Action”.
    [Show full text]
  • PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST a Selected Summary of News, Views and Trends from Pakistani Media
    March 2015 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST A Selected Summary of News, Views and Trends from Pakistani Media Prepared by YaqoobulHassan and Shreyas Deshmukh (Interns, Pakistan Project, IDSA) PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST MARCH 2015 A Select Summary of News, Views and Trends from the Pakistani Media Prepared by Yaqoob ul Hassan (Pakistan Project, IDSA) INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES AND ANALYSES 1-Development Enclave, Near USI Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi-110010 Pakistan News Digest, March, 2015 PAKISTAN NEWS DIGEST, MARCH 2015 CONTENTS ABBRIVATIONS ............................................................................................. 2 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS .......................................................................... 3 PROVINCIAL POLITICS ................................................................................ 3 OTHER DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................ 7 FOREIGN POLICY ........................................................................................ 15 MILITARY AFFIRS ....................................................................................... 21 EDITORIALS AND OPINIONS ........................................................................25 ECONOMIC ISSUES ...........................................................................................35 FISCAL ISSUES ............................................................................................. 35 TRADE ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan Turmoil and Its Implications for Pakistan’S Security (2009-2016)
    AFGHANISTAN TURMOIL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN’S SECURITY (2009-2016) By MUHAMMAD TARIQ Reg. No.11-AU-RM-M.PHIL-P/SCIENCE-F-5 Ph. D (Political Science) SUPERVISOR Dr. JEHANZEB KHALIL Co-Supervisor Dr. Manzoor Ahmad DEPARTMENT OF POLITCAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN Year 2018 1 AFGHANISTAN TURMOIL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN’S SECURITY (2009-2016) By MUHAMMAD TARIQ Reg. No.11-AU-RM-M.PHIL-P/SCIENCE-F-5 Ph. D (Political Science) Dissertation submitted to the Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph. D in Political Science DEPARTMENT OF POLITCAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN YEAR 2018 2 Author’s Declaration I, Muhammad Tariq__hereby state that my Ph D thesis titled, “ Afghanistan Turmoil and Its Implications for Pakistan’s Security (2009-2016) is my own work and has not been submitted previously by me for taking any degree from this University i.e. ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY MARDAN or anywhere else in the country/world. At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduate, the University has the right to withdraw my Ph D degree. Name of Student: Muhammad Tariq Date: 10 January, 2018 3 Plagiarism Undertaking I solemnly declare that research work presented in the thesis titled “AFGHANISTAN TURMOIL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN’s SECURITY (2009- 2016)” is solely my research work with no significant contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been duly acknowledged and that complete thesis has been written by me.
    [Show full text]
  • Country of Origin Information Report India
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT INDIA 30 SEPTEMBER 2007 Border & Immigration Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE INDIA 30 SEPTEMBER 2007 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN INDIA FROM 1 SEPTEMBER – 30 SEPTEMBER 2007 REPORTS ON INDIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 1 SEPTEMBER 2007 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.08 2. ECONOMY ............................................................................................. 2.01 3. HISTORY ............................................................................................... 3.01 1991 to present ............................................................................. 3.01 Congress (I) and economic reform............................................. 3.01 Emergence of BJP........................................................................ 3.02 Tension with Pakistan.................................................................. 3.04 Religious strife ............................................................................. 3.12 General elections 2004 ................................................................ 3.16 State assembley elections 2007.................................................. 3.20 By-elections .................................................................................. 3.24 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Military Management in the Battles of the Prophet (S)
    Published on Books on Islam and Muslims | Al-Islam.org (http://www.al-islam.org) Home > Military Management in the Battles of the Prophet (s) Military Management in the Battles of the Prophet (s) Log in [1] or register [2] to post comments A very detailed and fully referenced text about the management, organization and mode of operation of the Islamic military in the battles that the Muslim community engaged in under the leadership of the Holy Prophet [s]. Author(s): ● Muhammad Dhahir Watr [3] Translator(s): ● Abu Zahra Muhammadi [4] Publisher(s): ● The Heritage International Inc. [5] Category: ● Early Islamic History [6] ● Prophet Muhammad [7] Topic Tags: ● Rules of warfare [8] ● Jihad [9] Miscellaneous information: Original Arabic title: al‐Idārat al‐Askariyya fi Hurub al‐Rasul Muhammad (S); Author: Muhammad Dhāhir Watr; Project Supervisor: Abu Yahya al-Hussaini; Farsi Translation: Asghar Qaidān; English Translation: Abu Zahrā Muhammadi; Publisher: Heritage International Inc. Year: 2011. Copyright © 2011 by the Heritage International Inc., Tehran, I.R. Iran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Heritage International Inc. Translator’s Introduction Orientalists have, from the very beginning, propagated that Islām is a violent religion that was spread by the sword. This myth is even promulgated today albeit in a different form and context. At present, the ‘violence’ of Islām is portrayed by small fanatic groups who kill innocent civilians. Ironically, these extremist groups like the Tālibān, kill more Muslims than people following any other creed.
    [Show full text]
  • 27 Nov 07 Revised Binalakshmi Nepram Mentschel/ Heidelberg
    Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics Armed Conflict, Small Arms Proliferation and Women’s Responses to Armed Violence in India's Northeast by Binalakshmi Nepram Mentschel Working Paper No. 33 December 2007 South Asia Institute Department of Political Science University of Heidelberg BINALAKSHMI NEPRAM MENTSCHEL HEIDELBERG PAPERS IN SOUTH ASIA AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS ISSN: 1617-5069 About HPSACP This occasional paper series is run by the Department of Political Science of the South Asia Institute at the University of Heidelberg. The main objective of the series is to publicise ongoing research on South Asian politics in the form of research papers, made accessible to the international community, policy makers and the general public. HPSACP is published only on the Internet. The papers are available in the electronic pdf-format and are designed to be downloaded at no cost to the user. The series draws on the research projects being conducted at the South Asia Institute in Heidelberg, senior seminars by visiting scholars and the world-wide network of South Asia scholarship. The opinions expressed in the series are those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the University of Heidelberg or the Editorial Staff. Potential authors should consult the style sheet and list of already published papers at the end of this article before making a submission. Editor Subrata K. Mitra Deputy Editors Clemens Spiess Malte Pehl Jivanta Schöttli Siegfried Wolf Editorial Assistant Anja Kluge Editorial Consultants Katharine Adeney Mike Enskat Alexander Fischer Karsten Frey Evelin Hust Karl-Heinz Krämer Apurba Kundu Peter Lehr Kenneth McPherson Marie-Thérèse O’Toole Matthias Paukert Christian Wagner Wolfgang-Peter Zingel HEIDELBERG PAPERS IN SOUTH ASIAN AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/SAPOL/HPSACP.htm Working Paper No.
    [Show full text]