India and Pakistan

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 1 SOME Major Incident in India – Pak Kashmir war-1947 The Karachi Agreement 27th of July 1949. a cease- fire agreement signed by Military Representatives of India and Pakistan Shimla summit, July 2, 1972 , 1984 Mumbai blasts - 12 March 1993 Nuclear tests in 1998 Lahore Declaration is February 21, 1999, The Lahore Declaration brought addedNiPUN responsibility to both nations' leadership towards avoiding nuclear race 1999 - Armed conflict (May and July 1999) Operation Vijay www.nipunindia.in 2 Agra summit 14–16 July 2001 At this meeting, a proposal was made to drastically reduce nuclear arsenals, and other issues involving the Kashmir dispute, and cross-border . The 2001 Indian Parliament attack

Certain confidence-building measures — such as the 2003

2007 Samjhauta Express bombings

Mumbai attacks 26 November2008

Pathankot attack 2016 terrorist attack committed on 2 January 2016 by a heavily armed group which attacked the PathankotNiPUNAir Force Station

URI Attack 18 soldiers killed in militant attack in Uri Baramulla district on Sep 20, 2016 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016www.nipunindia.in 3 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016 1. Operation begins around 12.30 am on Wednesday. According to reports, paratroopers from Special Forces were involved.

2. The commandos were airdropped at the LoC, from where they crossed over to the Pakistani side.

3. According to sources, Indian commandos entered three kilometres across the Line of Control to conduct the 'surgical strikes' NiPUN 4. The strikes were carried out in Bhimber, Hotspring, Kel & Lipa sectors, on Pak's side of LoC,

www.nipunindia.in 4 Surgical strikes does not mean war Surgical strikes are military operations undertaken by forces across the world to move on the offensive, hit enemy targets and installations, and return to primary positions, all with lightening speed and with the added precaution of suffering limited casualty. Surgical strikes require not just detailed and exhaustiveNiPUN planning but need to be carried out with absolute precision to achieve the objective of taking down targets with either no or minimal collateralwww.nipunindia.in damage 5 Why did India go for this The option of surgical strikes was taken in the wake of increase in infiltration bids , the DGMO informed. Terrorists had begun gathering in large numbers along the LoC with the objective of crossing the border and targeting locations in Jammu and Kashmir, as well asNiPUN other metros. In such a scenario surgical strikes was considered the best option to deal with the threat.

www.nipunindia.in 6 India International – UNO Charter give the power for action to all countries in self defense. Neighbor country – Bangladesh, , Nepal, Lanka Global Power – USA, Russia, EU, France, Israel etc INDIA is changingNiPUN the Nature Soft State to Soft Power

www.nipunindia.in 7 China Pakistani supporter Russia will instantly try to hold China. In south China sea – Japan, Vietnam, America & Australia. Turkey - Israel - Afghanistan – Turkey is a known ally of Pakistan. Afghanistan will surely prove to be weaker in that region. Turkey will undoubtedly dominate Afghanistan because of which the next entry would be of Israel. Israel will badly defeatNiPUN Turkey Gulf countries Pakistan will beg to Gulf countries including Saudi where they may or may not get help but one thing is sure they'll surely get financialwww.nipunindia.in aid. 8 NiPUN

Pakistanwww.nipunindia.inNuclear Weapon9 Pakistan Nuclear program start date 20 January 1972 First nuclear weapon test 28 May 1998 (Chagai-I) First fusion weapon test N/A Last nuclear test 30 May 1998 (Chagai-II) 25–40 kt in 1998 Largest yield test (PAEC claim) Total tests 6 detonations 130 warheads Peak stockpile NiPUN(2016 estimate) Current stockpile (usable and not) 130 warheads

Maximum range 2,750 km (Shaheen-III) NPT party www.nipunindia.inNo 10 -The TPG succeeded in the earlier implosion-type weapon design in 1977–78, with the first cold test conducted in 1983. -that were eventually used in the Chagai-I tests in 1998. - the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission for feasibility of weapons grade plutonium but parallel efforts were mounted toward weapons-grade uranium after India's test, the Smiling Buddha, in 1974. -On 11 March 1983, PAEC, carried out its first subcritical testing of a working nuclear device. This is also called a cold test,NiPUN and was codenamed Kirana-I. There were 24 more cold tests from 1983–94. -in 1987 that could be delivered by all fighter aircraft www.nipunindia.in 11 India Nuclear Weapons

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 12 Nuclear programme start date 1967 First nuclear 18 May 1974 weapon test First fusion 11 May 1998 weapon test Most recent test 13 May 1998 Largest-yield test 20-60kt total Number of tests to date 6 Peak stockpile 110 - 120 Current stockpile NiPUN110 - 120 Maximum missile range 5,000-5,800 km (Agni-V) NPT Party www.nipunindia.in No 13 -India possesses weapons of mass destruction in the form of nuclear weapons and, in the past, chemical weapons. -Though India has not made any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal, recent estimates suggest that India has 110 nuclear weapons -India is not a signatory to the 1968 Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) -India has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention and the ChemicalNiPUN Weapons Convention. -India is also a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime and a subscribing state to the Hague Code of Conduct. www.nipunindia.in 14 Biological Weapons No information exists in the public domain suggesting interest by the Indian government in delivery of biological agents by these or any other means. in October 2002, the then President Dr. A. P. J. Abdul KalamNiPUNasserted that "India will not make biological weapons. It is cruel to human beings".

www.nipunindia.in 15 Chemical Weapons -In 1992, India signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), ratified it on 2 September 1996. -In June 1997, India declared its stock of chemical (1,045 tonnes of sulphur mustard). -By the end of 2006 - April 2009, India had destroyed more than 75 percent - India informed the United Nations in May 2009, This was cross-checked by inspectors of the United Nations. With this India has become third country after South Korea and Albania to do so. - India has an advanced commercial chemical industry, and produces the bulk of its NiPUNown chemicals for domestic consumption (civilian chemical and pharmaceutical industry) and annually exports to countries such as the United

Kingdom, United States andwww.nipunindia.in Taiwan. 16 Nuclear weapons started on March 1944 and its three-stage efforts in technology were established by Dr. Homi Bhabha when he founded the nuclear research centre, the Institute of Fundamental Research. India's loss of territory to in October 1962, provided the New DelhiNiPUN government impetus for developing nuclear weapons as a means of deterring potential Chinese aggression.

www.nipunindia.in 17 Nuclear disarmament 1948: create an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) 1952: four-year plan to begin developing India's nuclear infrastructure. 1954: The Indian government creates the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), which takes over the execution of Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) policies. 1955: Britain provides India with six kilograms of enriched uranium fuel rods, The Atomic Energy Commission of the United States agrees to sell ten tons of heavy water to India for use in the nuclear research reactor 1956: Canada agrees to NiPUNsupply India with half the initial uranium fuel required for the CIRUS research reactor,33 and the United States agrees to sell 18.9 tons of heavy water for the reactor. www.nipunindia.in 18 October 6, 1961: India signs an agreement with the Soviet Union. September 21, 1962: The Indian government enacts the Atomic Energy Act of 1962, which allows for enhanced secrecy and mandates central governmental control over atomic energy. August 8, 1963: United States and the Government of India Concerning the Civil Uses of Atomic Energy is signed. The United States will supply two 200MW reactors. 1963: India concludes cooperation agreements with Denmark and Poland. October 16, 1964: China conducts a test of a nuclear weapon. December 1966: The United States, India, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sign an agreement allowing the United States to supply a small amount of plutonium to India for research purposes. October 6, 1967: India will notNiPUN sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

www.nipunindia.in 19 India first tested a nuclear device in 1974 (code-named "Smiling Buddha"), which it called a "peaceful nuclear explosion." The test used plutonium produced in the Canadian- supplied CIRUS reactor, and raised concerns that nuclear technology supplied forNiPUN peaceful purposes could be diverted to weapons purposes. www.nipunindia.in 20 Controversy regarding the yield - with unclear data provided by Indian sources, although Indian politicians have given the country's press a range from 2 kt to 20 kt. Analysts usually estimate the yield at 4 to 6 kt International reaction -This also stimulated the early work of the Nuclear Suppliers Group. -Canada and United States reacted negatively, -France sent a congratulatory telegram to India but later withdrewNiPUN it - Pakistan's Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto vowed “nuclear blackmail" or accept "Indian hegemony or domination over the subcontinent". www.nipunindia.in 21 Pokhran-II consisted India performed of five detonations, further nuclear tests in of which the first was 1998 (code-named a fusion bomb . "Operation Shakti". originally they were called Operation Shakti– 98 (Power–98), the five nuclear bombs were designated NiPUN Shakti-I through Shakti-V. Period11–13 May 1998Number of tests5 www.nipunindia.in 22 International reactions United States The United States issued a strong statement condemning India and promised that sanctions would follow. The American intelligence community was embarrassed as there had been "a serious intelligence failure of the decade" in detecting the preparations for the test. the United States imposed economic sanctions on India. The sanctions on India consisted of cutting off all assistance to India except humanitarian aid, banning the export of certain defense material and technologies, ending American credit and credit guarantees to India, and requiring the US to oppose lending by international financial institutions to India -Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, France and other states reacted negatively, and Russia refrained from condemning India -Chinese Foreign Ministry issued the statement clearly stating that "it shocked and strongly condemned" the Indian nuclear tests and called for the international community to "adopt a unified stand and strongly demand that India immediate stop development of nuclear weapons".NiPUN Great ire was raised in Pakistan, which issued a severe statement blaming India for instigating a nuclear arms race in the region www.nipunindia.in 23 India's no-first-use policy India has a declared nuclear no-first-use policy and is in the process of developing a nuclear doctrine based on "credible minimum deterrence." "�व�वसनीय ꅍयूनतम प्र�तरोधक �मता।" In August 1999, the Indian government released a draft-

India will pursue a policy of "retaliation only". "के व ल प्र�तशोध" India "will not be the first to initiate a nuclear first strike, but will respond with punitive retaliation should deterrence fail" and that decisions to authorize the use of nuclearNiPUN weapons would be made by the Prime Minister or his 'designated successor'. 'ना�मत उ�रा�धकार�'

www.nipunindia.in 24 Indian land-based nuclear-armed ballistic Maximum Name Type Status range (km) Prithvi-I Short-range 150 Prithvi-II Short-range 250-350 Prithvi-III Short-range 350-600 Agni-I Short to medium-range 700-1,250 Deployed Agni-II Medium-range 2,000-3,000 Agni-III Intermediate-range 3,500-5,000 Agni-IV Intermediate-range 4,000 Tested Agni-V Intermediate to Intercontinental-range 5,000-8,000 successfully

Submarine-launched with intercontinental- Under Agni-VI 6,000~ range(probable MIRV) development

Under Agni-VI Intercontinental-range (probableNiPUN MIRV) 8,000-12,000 development

Surya Submarine launched Intercontinental-range MIRV 10,000~ Unconfirmed

Intercontinental-range Multiple Surya independently targetable reentrywww.nipunindia.in 12,000-16,000 Unconfirmed25 vehicle (MIRV) Strategic bombing Dassault Mirage 2000s and SEPECAT Jaguars of the Indian Air Force are able to provide a secondary nuclear-strike role.

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 26 Sep 23, 2016 - India today signed a deal to buy 36 high-tech Rafale fighters from ... with the Meteor designed to knock out enemy aircraft and cruise missiles

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 27 Indian sea-based nuclear-armed ballistic missiles range Name Type Status (km) Dhanush Short-range 350 Inducted Sagarika Awaiting SLBM 700 (K-15) deployment on INS Arihant K-4 SLBM 3,500 Tested Chakra (Akula II) class - Russia NiPUNSindhughosh class - Russia Arihant class Shishumar class - GERMENY

Kalvari class- France & Indiawww.nipunindia.in 28 September 2001: The United States lifts sanctions on India and Pakistan in a move that is seen as a reward for their support for the US-led anti-terror campaign. September 2008: The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) removed the ban on India's participation in international nuclear trade.47 October 2, 2008: India signs an agreement with the United States, which lifts a three-decade US moratorium on nuclear trade with India by providing assistance to India's civilian nuclear energy program and expanding US-Indian cooperation in energy andNiPUN satellite technology. July 27, 2009: India launches its first nuclear-powered submarine.

www.nipunindia.in 29 NPT (Non proliferation treaty) In 1968, this treaty was made in which nuclear tests were banned and it was said that nuclear capable countries will be those who had conducted test prior to 01 January 1968. There were called NS countries. In 1999 this treaty was extended till indefinitely India,NiPUNhad said NPT is a partial treaty that the nation who are non nuclear state, who will take care of their security.

www.nipunindia.in 30 CTBT (Comprehensive Test Banned Treaty) In 1976, this treaty was done and it was said that if 44 countries will sign it, this treaty will be implemented. Till now not 44 members have not signed. It has condition that no nation can conduct test on land, sea or space. India had said thatNiPUNit technology given to us we will not also test, but America refused it. It that moment India have conducted its 1998www.nipunindia.intest. 31 India and Pakistan Relationship between India and Pakistan is controversial after independence . both countries face war for four times. Pakistan has been faced failure in all four wars various efforts has been done to reform their relationship e.g. shimila agreement , TashkendNiPUNagreement etc. but still there is not up to the mark relationship between both.

www.nipunindia.in 32 even presently both facing some disputed issues i.e. Siyachin Glacier, Kashmir, Sindhu river, Runn of kucch etc. NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 33 NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 34 Saksham valley

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 35 Kashmir was a Muslim- majority princely state, ruled by a Hindu king, Maharaja Hari Singh. Hari Singh Shek abdula Free state India At the time of the partition of India, Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the state, preferred to remain independent and did not want to join either the Union of India or theNiPUN Dominion of Pakistan. He wanted both India and Pakistan to recognise his princely state as an independent neutral country.

www.nipunindia.in 36 www.nipunalambayan.com 1947-48 tribal Attack by Pakistan

Backed by Pakistani paramilitary forces, Pashtun Mehsud tribal's invaded Kashmir in October 1947 under the code name "Operation Gulmarg" to seize Kashmir. NiPUN Instead of moving on to Srinagar just 50 km away. Kashmir's security forces turned out to be too weak and ill-equipped to fightwww.nipunindia.in against Pakistan. 37 the Maharaja now turned to India and requested India for troops to safeguard Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Nehru was ready to send the troops, but the acting Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, advised the Maharaja to accede to India beforeNiPUN India could send its troops.

www.nipunindia.in 38 Hence, considering the emergent situation he signed the instrument of accession to the Union of India on 26 October 1947

By this time the raiders were close to the capital, Srinagar. Indian troops were airlifted from Delhi, landed at Srinagar airport in Kashmir on 27 October 1947 and securedNiPUN the airport before proceeding to evict the invaders from Kashmir valley. The Indian troops managed to evict the aggressors from parts of Kashmir. www.nipunindia.in 39 After weeks of intense fighting between Pakistan and India, Pakistani leaders and the Indian Prime Minister Nehru declared a UNO ceasefire and sought U.N. arbitration with the promise of a plebiscite. NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 40 India launched Operation Meghdoot and captured more than 80% of the Siachen Glacier. Due to all such political differences, this territorial claim has been the subject of wars between the two countries in 1947 and 1965, and a limited conflictNiPUN in 1999.

www.nipunindia.in 41 Approach of India -Peace is not establish, so opinion poll is not possible

-UNO says Pakistan back his forces with in 90 days but Pakistan don’t do this.

-J & k formation his constitution In the 1st Article of J&K constitution – J&K is the part of the India

-Regularity in election; If J&K Public don’t like India, they bay carat of election

-J&K accretion by letterNiPUN of acceleration(instrument)

-Secular culture of India and J & K

Development + Good governance + Political processer India www.nipunindia.in 42 Pakistan - Kashmir is Muslim majority state & Pakistan is also Islamic state so due the same culture Kashmir is become the part of Pak - Pak rivers emanating from Kashmir, India do its misuse so that reason Kashmir become the part of Pak -before 1947 there was no any highway, only one route was there that was from Sialkot Pakistan

IN PRESENT Pakistan accept – proxyNiPUN war Demand - public opinion

www.nipunindia.in 43 Internal Some J&K People unsatisfied - India don’t respect the autonomy ( Article 370) Reason 1953 condition is better ( security, communication, foreign policy) 1954 – Centre list subject enforce on J&K 1958 – All India Service 1959 – SC OF India 1961 – Indian election commissionNiPUN 1965 – president rule enforce law pass Political agreement – like Rajiv – Farukh 1986 Establish – JKLF InJ&K www.nipunindia.in 44 Contact to IIF ( International Islamic Front) – 1998 OSAMA external - PAK

Direct War-1947,1965,1971,1999 Indirect War - Low Intensity Conflict 1989 – Proxy War

Terrorism + Separatist vkardokn $ vyxkooknNiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 45 www.nipunalambayan.com Proxy War A proxy war is a conflict between two nations where neither country directly engages the other. While this can encompass a breadth of armed confrontation, its core definition hinges on two separate powers utilizing external strife to somehow attack the interests or territorial holdings of the other.NiPUN This frequently involves both countries fighting their opponent's allies, or assisting their allies in fighting their opponent.www.nipunindia.in 46 India Separatist + Terrorism(LET) + Radical Group(JUD) + NiPUN O.C(Dawood Ibrahim)

www.nipunindia.in 47 Proxy war NSA SA Use The NSA Since1948 - Tribal Attack

ISI

NiPUN Radical Group ISI Re tired director journal became guide liner of these organization That’s proof its alliance

www.nipunindia.in 48 www.nipunalambayan.com Sleeper Cells NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 49 bomb blast in India

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 50 Why Pak adopt proxy war Pakistan use this alliance like ASSET – - Its so Cheap for Pak compare to direct war -Its Use the against of India,

Pakistan want to show off Weakness position of India Pak wants to increase the economical crisis in India. This is a barrier in development because India uses more money to control this problem

Pak wants to decreesNiPUN of India International effect He want to show-off that India faces the internal problem, So India have problem in international leadership

www.nipunindia.in 51 Benefit of Pak - Pak don’t take its responsibility - Pak collect the money on the bases of religion (LIKE Arab countries)

International pressure When Pak banned in the pressure of international then these organization changed the name and start the work Like- LET to Jamat Ul Dava

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 52 Plan for short out the J&k problem

- Security Related - Civil step - J&K & Economical Development

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 53 India Terrorism Lashkar-e-Toiba(LeT) Jaish-e-Mohammad E-Tanzeem(JeM) These organization get the fund n support of Pak

Pakisthan Tehreek-e- Pakistan (TTP) In North Waziristan NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 54 Terrorist and Extremist Groups of Pakistan

Domestic Organizations 1.Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) 2.Lashkar-e-Omar (LeO) 3.Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) 4.Tehreek-e-Jaferia Pakistan (TJP) 5.Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e Mohammadi(TNSM) 6.Lashkar-eJhangvi (LeJ) 7.Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan (SMP) 8.Jamaat-ul-Fuqra NiPUN 9.Nadeem Commando 10.Popular Front for Armed Resistance 11.Muslim United Army

12.Harkat-ul-Mujahideen Alwww.nipunindia.in-alami(HuMA) 55 Trans-national Organizations -32 Muslim Janbaz Force Kashmir Jehad Force Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) Al Jehad Force (combines Muslim Janbaz Harkat-ul-Ansa (HuA, presently known Force and Kashmir Jehad Force) asHarkat-ul Mujahideen) Al Umar Mujahideen (LeT) Mahaz-e-Azadi Lashkar-e-Toiba Islami Jamaat-e-Tulba Jaish-e-Mohammad Jammu & Kashmir Students Liberation Front Mujahideen E-Tanzeem(JeM) Ikhwan-ul-Mujahideen Islamic Students League Harkat-ul Mujahideen(HuM, previously Tehrik-e-Hurriat-e-Kashmir known as Harkat-ul-Ansar) Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqar Jafaria Al Badr Al Mustafa Liberation Fighters Jamait-ul-Mujahideen(JuM) Tehrik-e-Jehad-e-Islami Lashkar-e-Jabbar (LeJ) Muslim Mujahideen Harkat-ul-Jehad-al-IslamiHUJI) Al Mujahid Force Muttahida Jehad Council(MJC) NiPUNTehrik-e-Jehad Al Barq Islami Inquilabi Mahaz Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen Al Jehad Jammu & Kashir National Liberation Army People’s League www.nipunindia.in 56 list of terrorist organizations banned by India As of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen(JUM) 31 March 2015, mainly Kamtapur Liberation Organisation (KLO) under Unlawful Activities Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup(KYKL) Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) (Prevention) Act: 36 (KCF) Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj(ABNES) (KZF) Al-Badr Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(LTTE) Al-Qaeda Maoist Communist Centre (MCC), all its formations Al-Umar-Mujahideen(AUM) and front organisations International (BKI) National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB) Communist Party of India (Maoist), all its formations National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and front organisations. People's Liberation Army of Manipur (PLAM). Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PRPK) War, all its formations and front organisations. Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) (DA) Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA) Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DeM) Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT) Garo National Liberation Army(GNLA), all its United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) formations and front organisations. United National Liberation Front (UNLF) Harkat-ul-Mujahideen(HUM) / Harkat-ul-AnsarNiPUN(HUA) Organisations listed in the Schedule to the United / Harkat-ul-Jihad-e-Islami(HUJI) Nation Prevention and Suppression of Terrorism Hizb-ul-Mujahideen(HM) (Implementation of Security Council Resolutions) (IM); Order, 2007 made under section 2 of the United International Sikh Youth Federation(ISYF) Nations (Security Council) Act, 1947 (43 of 1947) and Islamic State (IS) or Islamic State of Iraq and amended from time to time. Syria (ISIS) or Islamic State of Iraq and the www.nipunindia.in 57 Levant (ISIL) Al-Badr اﻟﺑدر Participant in Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

Active 1998-present Ideology , The group was allegedly Islamism, formed by the Pakistani Inter-Services Leaders Arfeen Bhai Jasniel Rihal Intelligence (ISI) in June Bahkt Zameen Khan 1998. Headquarters Mansehra, Khyber they participated in the fighting in Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan Afghanistan in 1990 as part of Area of operations Kashmir Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hizb-l-Islami Strength 200-300 (HIG) alongside other anti-Soviet NiPUNAllies Pakistan Afghan mujihadeen. On 27 October 2006, two members of Lashkar-e-Taiba al-Badr were apprehended in Mysore in Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir what Indian police are calling a foiled al-Qaeda terror attack www.nipunindia.in 58 Opponents India literally Army of the Good Lashkar-e-Taiba ﻟﺷﮑر طﯾﺑہ सचमुच अ楍छा क� सेना Army of the Righteous धम� क� सेना Leader(s) Hafiz Muhammad Saeed Army of the Pure Dates of operation 1986–present शुद्ध क� सेना the largest and most Motives Integration of Jammu and Kashmir with Pakistan after ending Indian rule in the active terrorist state & propagation of pan-Islamism in organizations in South South Asia Asia, operating mainly Active region(s) Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh from Pakistan. Ideology Ahl al-Hadith (Salafi) Notable attacks Jammu & Kashmir attacks; November It was founded in 1987 by 2008 Mumbai attacks(attributed to LeT , Abdullah members) Azzam and Zafar Iqbal in Status Designated as a terrorist Afghanistan, Organization by U.S (26 December 2001), with funding from Osama NiPUNAustralia (2003) and India. Banned in UK Bin Laden. (2001), Pakistan (2002), and EU (2010). the group operates several Sanctioned by the U.N. (2008) training camps in Size over 50,000 members of Jama'at-ud- Pakistan-administered Da'wah

Kashmir. www.nipunindia.in 59 India Lashkar-e-Taiba has been accused by India of attacking military and civilian targets in India, most notably the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Its stated objective is to introduce an Islamic state in South Asia and to "liberate" Muslims residing in Indian Kashmir.

When LeT was banned in Pakistan, the political arm of the group, Jamat ud Dawah (JUD), was not initially banned despite its recognition by the UNNiPUN Security Council as a LeT front. However, Jamaat-ud-Dawa still continues to work openly as Jamaat-ud-Dawa charitable wing of Lashkar-e-Taiba' Lashkar-e-Taiba's charitable wingwww.nipunindia.in. 60 Notable incidents in India by LeT, 1998 Wandhama massacre: 23 Kashmiri pandits were murdered on 25 January 1998.

In March 2000, Chittisinghpura massacre, where 35 Sikhs in the town of Chittisinghpura in Kashmir were killed. (In 2010, the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) associate David Headley, who was arrested in connection with the 2008 Mumbai attacks, reportedly confessed to the National Investigation Agency that the LeT carried out the Chittisinghpura massacre.)

2000 terrorist attack on Red Fort, New Delhi. parliament in Delhi The Indian government blamed LeT, in coordination with Jaish-e- Mohammed, for a 13 December 2001 assault on parliament in Delhi.

2003 Nadimarg Massacre 24 Kashmiri pandits gunned down on the night of 23 March 2003.

2005 Delhi bombings: During Diwali, Lashkar-e-Taiba bombed crowded festive Delhi markets killing 60 civilians and maiming 527. NiPUN 2006 Varanasi bombings: Lashkar-e-Taiba was involved in serial blasts in Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. 37 people died and 89 were seriously injured.

www.nipunindia.in 61 2006 Doda massacre 34 Hindus were killed in Kashmir on 30 April 2006.

2006 Mumbai train bombings: The investigation launched by Indian forces and US officials have pointed to the involvement of Lashkar-e-Taiba in Mumbai serial blasts on 11 July 2006. The Mumbai serial blasts on 11 July claimed 211 lives and maimed about 407 people and seriously injured another 768.

On 16 September 2006, a top Lashkar-e-Taiba militant, Abu Saad, was killed by the troops of 9- Rashtriya Rifles in Nandi Marg forest in Kulgam.

2008 Mumbai attacks In November 2008, Lashkar-e-Taiba was the primary suspect behind the Mumbai attacks but denied any part.

On 7 December 2008, under pressure from USA and India, the launched an operation against LeT and Jamat-ud-Dawa to arrest people suspected of 26/11 Mumbai attacks.

Ptankot attack – 2016

Uri attack -2016 NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 62 Inter-Services Intelligence involvement The ISI have provided financial and material support to the group. In 2010, Interpol issued warrants for the arrest of two serving officers in the Pakistan army for alleged involvement in the 2008 terror attacks on Mumbai.

The LeT was also reported to have been directed by the InterNiPUN-Services Intelligence (ISI) to widen its network in the Jammu region where a considerable section of the populace comprised Punjabis. www.nipunindia.in 63 Links with other militant groups al-Qaeda Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant Jaish-e-Mohammed Hizb-ul-Mujahideen NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 64 Training camps

The Lashkar-e-Taiba training camps are presently located at a number of locations in Pakistan. These camps, which include its base camp, Markaz-e-Taiba in Muridke near Lahore and the one near Manshera, are used to impart training to militants.

In these camps, the following trainings are imparted: the 21-day religious course (Daura-e-Sufa) the 21-day basic combat course (Daura-e-Aam) the three-months advanced combat course (Daura-e-Khaas)

Accepted- 26/11 mastermind,NiPUN Zabiuddin Ansari alias, Abu Jundal arrested recently by Indian intelligence agencies is reported to have disclosed that paragliding training was also included in the training curriculum of LeT cadres at is camps in Muzaffarabad. A French anti-terrorism expert alsowww.nipunindia.in 65 Markaz-e-Taiba The LeT base camp Markaz-e-Taiba is in Nangal Saday, about 5 km North of Muridke, on East side of G.T. road; about 30 km from Lahore, was established in 1988. It is spread over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land and contains a madrassa, hospital, market, residences, a fish farm and agricultural tracts. The initial sectarian religious training, Daura-e-Sufa is imparted here to the militants.

Other training camps In 1987, LeT established two training camps in Afghanistan. The first one was the Muaskar-e-Taiba at Jaji in Paktia Province and the second one was the Muaskar-e-Aqsa in Kunar Province. (American intelligence analysts justify) NiPUN three training camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, the principal one is the Umm-al-Qura training camp at Muzaffarabad. Every month five hundred militants are trained in these camps.

www.nipunindia.in 66 Jaish-e-Mohammed ﺟﯾش ﻣﺣﻣد Participant in Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir The flag of Jaish-e-Mohammed

Active 2000-present Ideology Islamic fundamentalism Leaders Masood Azhar

The group has been designatedNiPUN as a terrorist organization by Pakistan, Australia, Canada, India, the UAE, the UK, the US and the UN.

www.nipunindia.in 67 Masood Azhar

Arrest in India In early 1994, Azhar traveled to Srinagar to ease tensions between Harkat-ul-Ansar's feuding factions of Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. India arrested him in February and imprisoned him for his terrorist activities with the groups. In 1995, foreign tourists were kidnapped in Jammu and Kashmir. The kidnappers, referring to themselves as Al-Faran, included the release of Masood Azhar among their demands. In December 1999, he was freedNiPUN by the Indian government in exchange for passengers on the hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 814 (IC814) that had eventually landed in Kandahar, Afghanistan, which at the time the Taliban controlled. The hijackers of IC814 were led by Masood Azhar's brother

www.nipunindia.in 68 Pakistani authorities detained him after the Pathankot attack in India. Al-Qaeda اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة Participant in the Global War on Terrorism, War in Afghanistan, Active War in North-West Pakistan, 1988–present Somali Civil War, Ideology Insurgency in the Maghreb, Salafism, Salafist jihadism,Qutbism, Iraq War, Sunni supremacy, Pan- Iraqi insurgency, Islamis al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen, Syrian Civil War, Arab Spring, NiPUNand other conflicts Leaders Osama bin Laden (1988–2011) Ayman al-Zawahiri (2011–present) www.nipunindia.in 69 Area of Worldwide operations Predominantly in the Middle East Rebel group with current territorial control in: Somalia •Syria •Yemen Strength •In the Af-Pak region: 300–3,000 •In the Maghreb: 800–1,000 •In West Africa: 100+ •In the Arabian Peninsula: 1,000–3,000+ •In India: 300-3,000 •In Somalia: 7,000–9,000 •In Syria: 15,000-20,000 •In the Sinai Peninsula: 40 •Total: 24,540–39,440+ Allies • Taliban • Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan • East Turkestan Islamic Movement • Lashkar-e-Taiba • Caucasus Emirate • NiPUN •Jaish-e-Mohammed •Jemaah Islamiyah •Egyptian Islamic Jihad Opponents State opponents • NATO, ISAF Non-State opponents • Islamic State of Iraq and the Levantwww.nipunindia.in 70 Worldwide

NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 71 ("ṭālibān "students طﺎﻟﺑﺎن :The Taliban (Pashto Taliban is an Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan The Taliban have been condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic Sharia law,

The Taliban's ideology has been described as anti-modern, combining an "innovative form" of sharia Islamic law based on fundamentalism and the militant Islamism and of Osama bin Laden, with Pashtun social and cultural norms known as Pashtunwali, as most Taliban are Pashtun tribesmen.

From 1996 to 2001, it held powerNiPUN in Afghanistan and enforced a strict interpretation of Sharia, or Islamic law, of which the international community and leading Muslims have been highly critical.

www.nipunindia.in 72 Mawlawi Haibatullah Akhundzada

Mullah Mullah - 2015, Until his death in 2013 U.S. drone strike killing in a May 2016 Until his death in 2013, MullahNiPUN Mohammed Omar was the supreme commander and spiritual leader of the Taliban. Mullah Akhtar Mansour was elected as his replacement in 2015, and following Mansour's killing in a May 2016 U.S. drone strike, Mawlawi Haibatullah Akhundzada became the group's leader. www.nipunindia.in 73 The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War,and largely consisted of students recently trained in madrassas in Pakistan. Under the leadership of Mohammed Omar, the movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan, sequestering power from the Mujahideen warlords, whose corruption and despotism Afghans had tired of.

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in 1996 and the Afghan capital transferred to Kandahar.

At its peak, formal diplomaticNiPUN recognition of the Taliban's government was acknowledged by only three nations: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

www.nipunindia.in 74 The group later regrouped as an insurgency movement to fight the American-backed Karzai administration and the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).

The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and military are widely alleged by the international community to have provided support to the Taliban during their founding and time in power, and of continuing to support the Taliban during the insurgency.

Al-Qaeda also supported the Taliban with fighters from Arab countries and Central Asia.NiPUN

Saudi Arabia provided financial support.

www.nipunindia.in 75 Active 1994–1996 (militia) 1996–2001 (government) 2004–present (insurgency)

Ideology •Deobandi fundamentalism •Pashtunwali •Religious nationalism Groups Pashtuns Leaders (current leader) Mullah MuhammadNiPUN Rasul (splinter faction) Headquarters •Kandahar (1996–2001) •Quetta •Peshawar

www.nipunindia.in 76 Strength 45,000 (2001 est.) 11,000 (2008 est.) 36,000 (2010 est.) 60,000 (2014 est.)

Area of Under control ofNiPUN the Afghan Government, NATO, and Allies operations Under control of the Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and Allies

Under control ofwww.nipunindia.in the Islamic State(ISIL) and Allies77 Opponents State opponents Islamic Republic of Afghanistan NATO ISAF Non-state opponents • Khorasan Province • Jamiat-e Islami • Junbish-i-Milli • Hezbe Wahdat NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 78 Al-Qaeda & Taliban He came without invitation, and sometimes irritated Mullah Omar with his declaration of war and fatwas against citizens of third-party countries but relations between the two groups improved over time, to the point that Mullah Omar rebuffed his group's patron Saudi Arabia

The al-Qaeda-trained 055 Brigade integrated with the Taliban army between 1997 and 2001.

Several hundred Arab Afghan fighters sent by bin Laden assisted the Taliban in the Mazar-e-Sharif slaughter. From 1996 to 2001, the organizationNiPUN of Osama Bin Laden and Ayman al- Zawahiri had become a virtual state within the Taliban state.

Taliban-al-Qaeda connections were also strengthened by the reported marriage of one of bin Laden's sons to Omar's daughter. While in www.nipunindia.in 79 Afghanistan, bin Laden may have helped finance the Taliban. After the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa, bin Laden and several al-Qaeda members were indicted in U.S. criminal court. (The Taliban rejected extradition requests by the U.S., variously claiming that bin Laden had "gone missing", or that Washington "cannot provide any evidence or any proof" that bin Laden is involved in terrorist activities and that "without any evidence, bin Laden is a man without sin... he is a free man." )

At the end of 2008, the Taliban was in talks to sever all ties with al- Qaeda.

In July 2012, a Taliban commander stated that Originally, the Taliban were naive and ignorant of politics and welcomed al-Qaeda into their homes. But al-Qaeda abusedNiPUN our hospitality." He went on to further claim that about 70% of the Taliban are angry with al-Qaeda.

www.nipunindia.in 80 Pakistan-Taliban The "vast majority" of the Taliban's rank and file and most of the leadership, though not Mullah Omar, were Koranic students who had studied at madrasas set up for Afghan refugees, usually by JUI.

Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman, JUI's leader, was a political ally of Benazir Bhutto. After Bhutto became prime minister, Rehman "had access to the government, the army and the ISI," whom he influenced to help the Taliban.

Pakistan's ISI supported the previously unknown Kandahari student movement, the Taliban, as the group conquered Afghanistan in the 1990s. NiPUN After the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the U.S. operation in Afghanistan the Afghan Taliban leadership is claimed to have fled to Pakistan where they regrouped and created several shuras to coordinate their insurgency in Afghanistan. www.nipunindia.in 81 A range of officials inside and outside Pakistan have stepped up suggestions of links between the ISI and terrorist groups in recent years. in London on 7/7 [the July 2005 attacks on London's transit system], or in Afghanistan, or Iraq.

In June 2008, attempt on President Hamid Karzai; shortly thereafter, in a July 2008 Taliban attack on the Indian embassy. in 2011 called the Haqqani network (the Afghan Taliban's most destructive element) a "veritable arm of Pakistan's ISI". He further stated, "Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking AfghanNiPUN troops and civilians as well as US soldiers."

www.nipunindia.in 82 Pakistan on the other hand has strongly denied all links with Taliban or any terrorist groups with the argument that Pakistan is the biggest victim of the "" with a loss of 35,000 lives including policemen, soldiers and mostly civilians.

On June 15, 2014 Pakistan army launches operation ‘Zarb-e- Azb’ in North Waziristan to remove and root-out Taliban from Pakistan. In this operation 327 hardcore terrorists had been killed while 45 hideouts and 2 bomb making factories of terrorists were destroyedNiPUN in North Waziristan Agency as the operation continues.

www.nipunindia.in 83 India & Taliban

India is one of the Taliban's most outspoken critics.

India was one of the closest allies of former Afghan president Mohammad Najibullah and strongly condemned his public execution by the Taliban.

Pakistan and Kashmir-based militant groups thought to have ties with the Taliban have historically been involved in the Kashmir insurgency targeted against Indian security forces.

In December 1999, Indian AirlinesNiPUN Flight 814 was hijacked and taken to Kandahar. India extensively supported the new administration in Afghanistan, leading several reconstruction projects and by 2001 had emerged as the country's largest regional donor. www.nipunindia.in 84 Terrorism and Pakistan The ISI, Let, FeM, etc. jamat-ul-dawa had supported and they support the separatist feeling in Kashmir. Pakistan today is plagued with terrorism Pakistan military in north is fighting with Taliban In 2014, in Peshawar attack 200 school children are killed. To fight there problem, Pakistan had devised and started National Action Plan against terrorism in which it had stressed on stopping of financial and technological support. Pakistan says that India had started and increased its activities in BaluchistanNiPUNand started proxy war. This is not rational become India had not started any proxy war but had thought of proactive policy, but its success depends upon Pakistan, as happenedwww.nipunindia.inbetween in Burma and India85 . Siachen Glacier hight of 1200 feet Agreement 1972 – NJ 9842 POSITION- uruguay state, Tibet, karakoram highway Indian troops under Operation Meghdoot pre-empted Pakistan's Operation Ababeel by just one day to occupy most of the dominating heights on Saltoro Ridge to the west of Siachen Glacier. the Siachen Glacier (unoccupied and undemarcated area). A cease-fire went into effect in 2003. three main passes of the Saltor Ridge immediately west of the glacier—Sia La, BilafondNiPUNLa, and Gyong La. Pakistan controls the glacial valleys immediately west of the Saltoro Ridge

Pakistan- said – militarywww.nipunindia.in remove from here 86 NiPUN

War August – 23 September 1965 January 1966 - Tashkent Sir Creek www.nipunindia.in 87 Sir Creek, Kutch district of Gujarat and सर क्र�क Pakistan's Sindh province is between. सर क्र�क , गुजरात के क楍छ िजले और पा�कतान (The fish is found in the valley was called Siri) के �स ंध प्रांत के बीच है. Sir Creek is a total length of around 68 इस नाले म� सीर� नामक मछल� पाई जाती थी, km, ि ज स के नाम पर इस नाले का नाम पड़ा Further swampy area is 36.4 kilometers. सर क्र�क क� कु ल लंबाई कर�ब 68 �कलोमीटर क� The total length of 104.4 kilometers, the है, area is the bone of contention between इ स के आगे का दलदल� इलाका 36.4 �कलोमीटर . India and Pakistan. का है कल 104.4 �कलोमीटर लंबाई का ये इलाका ह� before Independence ु भारत-पा�कतान के बीच �ववाद क� जड़ है. Maharao Kutch and Sindh province in the आजाद� के पूव셍 early twentieth century a criminal case बीसवीं सद� क� शु셁आत म� क楍छ महाराव और over the dispute between the then �स ंध प्रांत के त配काल�न प्रशासन के बीच एक administration began, the incident took फौजदार� मामले को लेकर �ववाद श셂ु हुआ, जो place in the Sir Creek area. वारदात सर क्र�क इलाके म� हुई थी. Kutch and Sindh province after the इस �ववाद के बाद ह� क楍छ �रयासत और �स ंध प्रांत dispute to limit the homestead inNiPUN 1914 क� सीमा तय करने के �लए 1914 म� दोन� प�� के बीच एक समझौता हआ, an agreement was reached between the two sides, ु ि ज स के आधार पर 1925 म� सीमा को �चिꅍहत In 1925, to mark the limit at which the करने के �लए प配थर लगाने का काम ख配म हुआ. work is completed the installation of उ स के बाद से इस इलाके म� कोई �ववाद दोन� प�� stone. Since then, the area has no के बीच नह�ं रहा. dispute between the parties. www.nipunindia.in 88 After Independence आजाद� के बाद in 1965, infiltration of क楍छ के रꅍन म� पा�कतान Pakistan in Kutch Rnn क� 1965 म� हुई घुसपैठ और and then emerged as �फर उसके बाद भारत- India-Pakistan war. पा�कतान यु饍ध के तौर पर British Prime Minister सामने आई. Harold Wilson, sitting अंतररा�ट्र�य �ट्र녍यूनल under the chairmanship �ब्र�टश प्रधानमंत्री हेरॉ쥍ड of the International �व쥍सन क� अ鵍य�ता म� Tribunal, nearly ten NiPUNबैठा, उसने क楍छ के रꅍन percent of the Kutch Rnn का कर�ब दस फ�सद� �हसा decided to hand over to पा�कतान को स�पने का Pakistan. फैसला �कया. www.nipunindia.in 89 Pakistan new controversy पा�कतान ने नया �ववाद The east side of Sir Creek, which was on सर क्र�क का पूव� �कनारा, जो भारत क� तरफ the side of India. pakisthan said, it is his था, उस तक उसका अ�धकार बनता है.( 1914 right. (Refer to the map of 1914), but India के न啍शे का हवाला) ले�कन भारत ने denied the claim of Pakistan and said that पा�कतान के इस दावे को गलत बताया और according to international norms, if कहा �क अंतररा�ट्र�य प्र�तमान� के मता�बकु , between the two countries river or अगर दो देश� के बीच कोई नद� या नाला आता stream. it comes to limits है, तो उसक� म鵍यरेखा सीमा बनती है न �क And that the 1914 border agreement, in उसका �कनारा. 1925 after it took Pilar and therefore no और कहा �क 1914 के समझौते के बाद 1925 sense of points shown on the map. तक बोड셍र �पलर लग गये और ऐसे म� मैप पर To resolve the dispute, five meetings were �दखाये गये �बंदओंु का कोई मतलब नह�ं है. held from 1969 to 1992. Then in 1998, the �ववाद को सुलझाने के �लए 1969 से लेकर Composite Dialogue process began during 1992 के बीच पांच ब ठै के हु�. इ स के बाद the Vajpayee government, but after the 1998 म� वाजपेयी सरकार के दौरान जो Kargil intrusion in this connection once कं प ो ि ज ट डायलॉग प्रोसेस शु셂 हुई, ले�कन again derailed. NiPUNउ स के बाद कार�गल म� हुई घुसपैठ ने इस �सल�सले को एक बार �फर पटर� से उतार �दया. जनवर� 2007 म� सर क्र�क का दोन� देश� क� तरफ से साझा सव� करने क� शु셁आत हुई. www.nipunindia.in 90 Sir Creek in January 2007 on behalf 2004 of the two countries to share the संयु啍त रा�ट्र ने लंबे म� survey began. पांच साल क� समयसीमा तय क� The United Nations had set a थी और कहा था �क 2009 तक deadline of five years longer in दोन� देश सर क्र�क का मसला 2004 and by 2009. सुलझा ल�, कोई सहम�त नह�ं बन UNO had said that the two पाने पर संय啍त रा�ट्र ने सरक्र�क countries resolve the issue of Sir ु

Creek, के समुद्र� इ ल ा के को अंतररा�ट्र�य United Nations Said to a consensus जल घो�षत करने क� धमक� भी on this issue. द� थी॰ otherwise the United Nations to सर क्र�क के इ ल ा के म� तेल और declare the Sir Creek maritime area गैस के भार� भंडार क� संभावना of ​​international waters . NiPUNके म饍देनजर भी भारत और Sir Creek area in view of the possibility of huge reserves of oil पा�कतान इस मसले पर एक and gas in India and Pakistan on इंच भी जगह छोड़ने को तैयार the issue are not willing to leave an नह�ं ह�. www.nipunindia.in 91 inch space. Pakisthan India Its marsh area In tidal area water (daldali area), so level is high so that here ocean law that here ocean couldn’t be law has to implicated implicated

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www.nipunindia.in 92 The Confidence building measures Between India and Pakistan confidence building measures have been started from 1992,99,2oo4. In this measure citizen and non citizen measures were started. In non citizen measures to develop confidence on military and on nuclear field and in citizen measures to encourage dialogue between citizen. NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 93 Non-citizen measures In non-citizen measures for military confidence building, between the two government many programs were started as Flag meeting, round talk, Between military officer talk of two nation, to provide information to each other etc. one accepted. High level telephone communication. On Nuclear sphereNiPUNto Shane information prior about nuclear test, to exchange atomic centre list and to disclose strength of nuclear weapons etc. www.nipunindia.in 94 Flag Meeting. Meeting that is basically held at the border or on the Line of Control by commanders on both sides. DGMO Talk Atomic C.B.M ( ITS Begin after Lahore delegation ) Atomic test refused Before the Missile test both country give the information NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 95 Citizen measures On citizen diplomacy track II was emphasized. In which citizen journey is included in this. Release of prisoners कै�दय� क� �रहाई trade relation tourism bus travel religious travel NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 96 In 2004 both nations signed an agreement in which they admitted their responsibility to work together on defense related &economic issues. Composite Dialogue समग्र वाता셍 Pakistan – it’s a centre issue, As long as this issue is not resolved, there will be no discussion on any other issue. जब तक ये मुद्दा समाधान नह�ं होगा तब तक �कसी और मुद्दे पर बात नह�ं होगी। India - Terrorism on the border since 2001 Composite Dialogue - There are many disputes between the two for which the institution will negotiate and negotiate NiPUN भारत - सीमा पर आतंकवाद को २००१ के बाद से -दोन� के बीच म� अनेको �ववाद है ि ज स के �लए संथागत व ्बातचीत कर�गे

www.nipunindia.in 97 Composite Dialogue - तुलबुल प�रयोजना Tulbul Project क�मीर Kashmir �सया�चन सरक्र�क Siachen आतंकवाद Sir Creek 핍यपा�रक सहयोग Terrorism ड्र嵍स Business cooperation NiPUNDrugs

www.nipunindia.in 98 This project is at the mouth of the Wullar तुलबुल प�रयोजना lake in Jammu Kashmir. Significantly, India started work on this project in 1985 so यह प�रयोजना ज륍मू क�मीर म� वलरु that the Jhelum river could be navigable झील के मुहाने पर है। गौरतलब है �क during the summer season. This project भारत ने इस प�रयोजना पर 1985 was stopped at the time when Pakistan म� काम शु셂 कर �दया था, ता�क ग�म셍य� complained that India violated the Indus के मौसम म� झेलम नद� को नौवहन यो嵍य Water Treaty of 1960. बनाया जा सके। इस प�रयोजना को उस Pakistan had argued that India could use व啍त रोक �दया गया, जब पा�कतान ने this project to regulate the flow of Jhelum. यह �शकायत क� �क भारत ने 1960 क� However, India has clamped the charge. �संधु जल सं�ध का उ쥍लंघन �कया है। Nonetheless, the 13 rounds of talks पा�कतान ने दल�ल द� थी �क भारत इस between the two countries have been प�रयोजना का इतेमाल झेलम के प्रवाह reached on this issue. It also includes four को �नयं�त्रत करने के �लए कर सकता है। rounds of talks that took place under हाला�क भारत ने इस आरोप का खडन composite dialogue. �कया है। बहरहाल, इस मु饍दे पर NiPUNदोन� देश� के बीच 13 दौर क� वाता셍 हो चुक� है। इसमे चार दौर क� वह वाता셍 भी शा�मल है, जो समग्र वाता셍 के तहतु हई थी।

www.nipunindia.in 99 but in 2008, attack in Mumbai

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www.nipunindia.in 100 India is negatively opinion fed towards Pakistan e.g. failure of NSA dialogue recently there were various reasons behind failure of this dialogue, mainly insistence has been made by Pakistan for participation of separations leader in this dialogue and along with the declaration madeNiPUN by India that “dialogue must be on terrorism”

www.nipunindia.in 101 Pathankot attack 2016 terrorist attack committed on 2 January 2016 by a heavily armed group which attacked the Pathankot Air Force Station URI Attack 18 soldiers killed in militant attack in Uri Baramulla district on Sep 20, 2016 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016 NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 102 After all there Indian’s effort for strengthen relation are on All other countries want peace and stability, and playing their role in doing so. Like in 2014-15 many time cease fire was broken. In this UAE had tried for peace negotiations. Between India & Pak. • Both the nations are nuclear powered state so it is required that both the nation showed use diplomacy to sortNiPUNon their problem.

www.nipunindia.in 103 The Indus Waters Treaty

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www.nipunindia.in 104 NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 105 The Indus Waters Treaty A water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, Brokered by the World Bank The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru and Ayub Khan. control over the three "eastern" rivers — the Beas, the Ravi and the Sutlej — was given to India, while control over the three "western" rivers — the Indus, the Chenab and the Jhelum — to Pakistan. the treaty allowed India to use them for irrigation, transport and power generation. (The treaty was a result of PakistaniNiPUN fear that, since the source rivers of the Indus basin were in India, it could potentially create droughts and famines in Pakistan, especially at times of war.) in the treaty, India can use only 20% of the total water carried by the Indus river. www.nipunindia.in 106 a transition period of 10 years was permitted in which India was bound to supply water to Pakistan from these rivers until Pakistan was able to build the canal system for utilization of waters of Jhelum, Chenab and the Indus itself, allocated to it under the treaty. Similarly, Pakistan has exclusive use of the western rivers Jhelum, Chenab and Indus. Pakistan also received one-time financial compensation for the loss of water from the eastern rivers. Since March 31, 1970, after the 10-year moratorium, India has secured full rights for use of the waters of the three rivers allocatedNiPUN to it.

www.nipunindia.in 107 Baglihar Dam

Baglihar Dam also known as Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project, is a run-of-the- river power project on the Chenab River in the southern Doda NiPUN district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

www.nipunindia.in 108 - This project was conceived in 1992, approved in 1996 and construction began in 1999. The project is estimated to cost USD $1 billion. - The first phase of the Baglihar Dam was completed in 2004. - With the second phase completed on 10 October 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India dedicated the 900-MW Baglihar hydroelectric power project to the nation. NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 109 Pakistan After construction began in 1999, Pakistan claimed that design parameters of Baglihar project violated the Indus Water Treaty of 1960. The treaty provided India with exclusive control over three eastern rivers, Near Beacon tunnel while granting Pakistan exclusive to three western rivers, including Chenab River. However it contained provisions for India to establish run-of-the- river power projects with limited reservoir capacity and flow control neededNiPUN for feasible power generation. Availing this provision India established several run-of-the-river projects, with Pakistan objecting to these. www.nipunindia.in 110 For Short-out the Dispute Rounds of talks - During 1999-2004 India and Pakistan held several rounds of talks on the design of projects, but could not reach an agreement.

World Bank - After failure of talks on January 18, 2005, Pakistan raised six objections to the World Bank, a broker and signatory of Indus Water Treaty. In April 2005 the World Bank determined the Pakistani claim as a ‘Difference’, a classification between the less serious ‘Question’ and more serious ‘Dispute’, and in May 2005 appointedNiPUN Professor Raymond Lafitte, a Swiss civil engineer, to adjudicate the difference.

www.nipunindia.in 111 Professor Raymond Lafitte Verdict (�नण셍य)– Professor Raymond Lafitte declared his final verdict on February 12, 2007, - in which he upheld some minor objections of

Pakistan, declaring that pondageजल संचय capacity be reduced by 13.5%, - height of dam structure be reduced by 1.5 meter and - power intake tunnelsNiPUN be raised by 3 meters, thereby limiting some flow control capabilities of the earlier design. Both parties (India and Pakistan) have already agreed that they will abide by the final verdict. www.nipunindia.in 112 India Had loss The verdict acknowledged India's right to construct 'gated spillways' under Indus water treaty 1960.The report allowed pondage of 32,580,000 cubic metres as against India's demand for 37,500,000 cubic metres. The report also recommended to reduce the height of freeboard from 4.5 m to 3.0 m. On June 1, 2010 India and Pakistan resolved the issue relating to the initial filling of Baglihar dam in Jammu and Kashmir with the neighbouring country deciding not to raise the matter further.NiPUNThe decision was arrived at the talks of Permanent Indus Commissioners of the two countries who are meeting. Pakistan also agreed not to raise the issue further. www.nipunindia.in 113 INDIA – Punjab and Sindh do all the water, they do not save for Baluchistan. पंजाब और �संध सारा पानी USE कर लेते है, बल�चतानू के �लए बचता ह� नह�ं।

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www.nipunindia.in 114 Cooperation TAPI project signed in 2015 both country member -SAARC, SCO etc bilateral trade hope 10 billion

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www.nipunindia.in 115 China & Pakistan

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www.nipunindia.in 116 The nearer started china and Pakistan and the relation started between them from 1963 becomes Pakistan had given a large area to china. China always supported Pakistan on Internal in the matter of Kashmir. Presently china is supplying arms and ammunition nuclear submarine, 35 billion dollar investment declaration, also helping in building infrastructure development Civil nuclear deal NiPUNhad finalized between china & Pakistan Between them a economic corridor is being built

www.nipunindia.in 117 Economic corridor - Benefit to china - China will get a way to each to Middle East and Africa. - China’s Xinxiang province will get connectivity. (Xinxiang province, to suppress Muslim terrorism) - It will be a part of string of pearls policy NiPUN

www.nipunindia.in 118 Benefit to Pakistan -Pakistan will get economic help from china. -The pressure of west countries will be reduced. -Pakistan willNiPUNget strength against India. www.nipunindia.in 119 Apprehension of India -This path is passing through Pakistan which is against India’s sovereignty. -In Indian Ocean china will get a strong hold and it will lead to problem to India Problem will arrive for oil-gas pipeline -1962 Memories are still fresh, become that china had doneNiPUNso in Tibet.

www.nipunindia.in 120 Terrorism and Pakistan The ISI, Let, FeM, etc. jamat-ul-dawa had supported and they support the separatist feeling in Kashmir. Pakistan today is plagued with terrorism Pakistan military in north is fighting with Taliban In 2014, in Peshawar attack 200 school children are killed. To fight there problem, Pakistan had devised and started National Action Plan against terrorism in which it had stressed on stopping of financial and technological support. Pakistan says that India had started and increased its activities in BaluchistanNiPUNand started proxy war. This is not rational become India had not started any proxy war but had thought of proactive policy, but its success depends upon Pakistan, as happenedwww.nipunindia.inbetween in Burma and India121 .