DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct Joint Military Intelligence College LAMBERT Y Y The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct TEL IN LIG Y E R N A C T E I L C I O M L L T E N G I E O J 1962 Major Stephen P. Lambert U.S. Air Force TEL IN LIG Y E R N A C ISBN 1-932946-02-0 T E PCN 56747 I L C I O M L L T E N G I E O J 1962 The Joint Military Intelligence College supports and encourages research on intelligence issues that distills lessons and improves Intelligence Community capabilities for policy-level and operational consumers Y: The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct, Major Stephen P. Lambert, U.S. Air Force This product has been reviewed by senior experts from academia and government, and has been approved for unrestricted distribution by the Directorate for Freedom of Information and Security Review, Washington Headquarters Services. It is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service (www.ntis.gov). The author has also arranged for publication of this study through the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. The projected publication date is 2005. The Hoover Institution book includes commentar- ies on Major Lambert’s work by an even greater variety of scholars than included in the present book. [email protected], Editor and Director Center for Strategic Intelligence Research Library of Congress Control Number 2004114330 ISBN 1-932946-02-0 Y The Sources of Islamic Revolutionary Conduct Major Stephen P. Lambert, U.S. Air Force Research Fellow In g ic t e e g ll t ii a g e r n tt c SS c ee rr R R o o e e f f s s e e r r a a e e t r t r n c n Joint Military c e h e h C Intelligence College C WASHINGTON, DC April 2005 With the cooperation and support of the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) USAF Academy, Colorado Springs The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government CONTENTS Acknowledgments . v Commentaries . vii Author’s Preface. xv Introduction . 1 Asking Strategic Questions Part I: Our Intellectual Pedigree . 7 The Search for Strategic Insight Part II: On Islam and Christendom. 35 Comparisons and Imperatives Part III: In the Mind of the Faithful . 99 Identity, Trauma, Ressentiment, and Transnational Islamic Revival Part IV: In the Mind of the Enemy. 129 The Revolutionary Islamic Vanguard Conclusion . 149 Seven Propositions for Recovering Strategic Insight Bibliography. 175 Index. 183 About the Author . 190 iii Acknowledgments I take this opportunity to express my appreciation to those who provided insight, advice, and encouragement and who made this work possible. I would like to thank the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) in Col- orado Springs and the Center for Strategic Intelligence Research (CSIR) in Wash- ington, DC. for providing the funding and administrative support to make my travels possible. I sincerely appreciate the strong commitment by the Institute for National Security Studies to actively support research in the public policy and national security fields—and, in particular, the efforts of Dr. Jim Smith and Mrs. Diana Heerdt. In addition, much of the research would have been impossible without the helpful attitudes of the staffs at the research libraries of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and the Middle East Centre at Oxford University, as well as the Oriental Institute at Oxford University. The research libraries at Oxford University contain many rare editions and limited-release books, particu- larly ones from non-Western Islamic publishers. I also need to acknowledge the kind support for research that I received from the World Council of Churches in Geneva, Switzerland, as well as from the Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasa- dena, California. In addition, the access provided by the University of Rabat, Morocco; the American University in Cairo, Egypt; and Baku State University in Azerbaijan facilitated close contacts with a diverse group of Islamic experts. I am most grateful to Drs. Russell G. Swenson, David S. Yost, James M. Smith, and Jeffrey A. Larsen for the detailed and careful reviews of successive drafts of this work. Their patient and deliberate criticisms helped sharpen my focus and were tremendously valuable in providing detailed peer reviews. Along similar lines, I would like to thank Dr. Mark Dever and Dr. Bill Anderson for many hours of thoughtful and provocative probing as I grappled with ways to structure and write this work. I also appreciate Dr. Carl Haselbach’s careful read- ing of the final manuscript and his uniquely European perspectives. Dr. Fares Braizat, at the University of Jordan’s Center for Strategic Studies, graciously spent many hours scrutinizing my ideas, and presented a diverse set of consider- ations applicable to understanding the broader Islamic phenomenon. Finally, I would be remiss without also thanking two individuals for their faithful commit- ment: Bill Ruddell, for his tireless support, and in particular his exhaustive review of the final draft; and David Miller, for being a patient sounding board during innumerable discussions on the core themes of this book. v The author with Vasim Mamedaliev, Chairman of the Religious Council of the Caucasus Muslim region and Chairman of the Department of Arabic Philology/Dean of the Theological Faculty at the University of Baku in Azerbaijan vi Commentaries The title of this book naturally brings to mind the renowned diplomatic tele- gram from 1946, composed by “X” to explain “The Sources of Soviet Conduct.” The anonymous George Kennan grasped the essence of the Soviet challenge, and the subsequent Containment Strategy became the foundation for strategic thought and action by the U.S. and its allies. The relatively brief “Cold War” of the late 20th century, we can now see, ironically carried the very name given in 13th cen- tury Spain to the ancient and ongoing conflict between Christians and Moors (Maghreb Moslems), a point underscored by Adda Bozeman. In the present work, Stephen Lambert convincingly argues that an effective, strategic appreciation of our present, worldwide contest, especially as it reflects the historic conflict between religious ideologies, cannot be achieved without public discussion of the religious foundations of individual and collective belief and action, whatever the label we choose to apply to the struggle. He captures the metaphysical foundation of a struggle that is at the same time entirely physical and real for those in the arena. Ideas are in conflict, and ideas rule the world. — Dr. Russell G. Swenson Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, Washington, D.C. The gulf between the radicalized elements of the Islamic world and typical Americans who desire an expansion of personal freedom and political democracy seems vast. To many, it seems unbridgeable. In Y: The Sources of Islamic Revolu- tionary Conduct, Stephen Lambert deftly leads the reader through worlds that are normally kept quite separate: political theory, social history, even a detailed account of theology. In so doing, Lambert does make some eye-opening sugges- tions on why the West faces an enemy that seems intractable. The book is marked throughout by carefully considered questions and concise summaries. Though this book has been written with the care of an academic, Lambert isn’t reluctant to give the reader clear, even bold analysis. So, for example, early on Lambert tells us that we in the West find it difficult to understand these “enemies” (Lambert uses the word) because of the Enlightenment, our “anti-Socratism” and Wilsonian idealism. These three themes he weaves together in the first chapter simply to help us better understand the tint of the windows through which we view the world. That should give any prospective reader a sense of the sweep of factors considered in this brief, but weighty, volume. Part 2 is in many ways the heart of Lambert’s argument. I say this not because I am a theologian, but because Lambert’s thesis is that our enemy is deeply theo- logical. Part of our problem, he argues, is that though our language about religion vii is neutral, Western ideas about it are not—we naively and probably unwittingly assume that other religions are like Christianity, when, in some very important ways, they are not. So with our heritage of John Owen, John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, we have assumed that all religions are equally, or at least substantially, able to co-exist with a society committed to the freedoms that we enjoy in Amer- ica and the West. But this is not so, according to Lambert. It’s not psychologically abnormal people, but rather committed Muslims, who refuse to separate the polit- ical from the religious. In fact, Lambert’s long and sometimes difficult mes- sage—especially in Part 2—leads us to the conclusion that Islam may well be closer to an ideology than it is to what most Westerners imagine when we say the word “religion.” A privatized religion is an oxymoron to a faithful Muslim, as much so as privatized politics would be to a Marxist. One more thing about theology: I think Mr. Lambert has it right. He has care- fully interviewed numerous theologians—Muslim and Christian—and has gone to great pains to understand and to express their faith and worldviews in ways that the proponents themselves would recognize. He has not crammed them into a secular box in which all religious motivations are simply place-holders for some economic, political or sexual drive which is then taken to be the real reason for their actions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to Islamic Law LAWS
    An Introduction to Islamic Law LAWS 6518 Tue,Thu 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM WOLF 207 Hamid M. Khan Adjunct Professor, University of Colorado Law School McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP [email protected] [email protected] INTRODUCTION Islamic law, also known as Shariah, is one of the oldest systems of law of the contemporary age. With over 1.5 billion adherents, Islamic law is part of the laws of nearly 60 nations and plays a vital role in the conduct of all Muslims. This course introduces students to the Islamic Law by giving them a firm grounding in the principles, concepts and terminology. We begin by examining the Formative Era of Islamic Law, through its sources and methodologies. Next, we examine the Established Era of the Schools of Law including the differences between Sunni and Shiite Islamic Law. Finally, we examine several substantive areas of Islamic law, including human rights, terrorism, political Islam, women’s rights and rights of religious minorities, criminal law, and finance law and pay special attention to the growing role of fundamentalism in these areas of law. We conclude by examining the relevance of Islam and Islamic Law in today’s world. No previous familiarity with the field is necessary and there are no course prerequisites. GRADING The final grade will be calculated as follows: Attendance & Class Participation: 20% Final Exam: 80% The foregoing class is governed by the Law School’s Honor Code which is predicated on the premise that the study and teaching of law in an academic setting is an integral part of the legal profession.
    [Show full text]
  • Mindfulness in the Life of a Muslim ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
    2 | Mindfulness in the Life of a Muslim ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Author Biography ​ ​ Justin Parrott has BAs in Physics, English from Otterbein University, MLIS from Kent State University, MRes in Islamic Studies in progress from University of Wales, and is currently Research Librarian for Middle East Studies at NYU in Abu Dhabi. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. ​ ​ ​ ​ Copyright © 2017. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 | Mindfulness in the Life of a Muslim ​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Introduction In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Modern life involves a daily bustle of noise, distraction, and information overload. Our senses are constantly stimulated from every direction to the point that a simple moment of quiet stillness seems impossible for some of us. This continuous agitation hinders us from getting the most out of each moment, subtracting from the quality of our prayers and our ability to remember Allah. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ We all know that we need more presence in prayer, more control over our wandering minds and desires. But what exactly can we do achieve this? How can we become more mindful in all aspects of our lives, spiritual and temporal? That is where the practice of exercising mindfulness, in the Islamic context of muraqabah, ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ can help train our minds to become more disciplined and can thereby enhance our regular worship and daily activities.
    [Show full text]
  • School of Humanities and Social Sciences Al-Ghazali's Integral
    School of Humanities and Social Sciences Al-Ghazali’s Integral Epistemology: A Critical Analysis of The Jewels of the Quran A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Arab and Islamic Civilization in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Amani Elshimi 000-88-0001 under the supervision of Dr. Mohamed Serag Professor of Islamic Studies Thesis readers: Dr. Steffen Stelzer Professor of Philosophy, The American University in Cairo Dr. Aliaa Rafea Professor of Sociology, Ain Shams University; Founder of The Human Foundation NGO May 2017 Acknowledgements First and foremost, Alhamdulillah - my gratitude to God for the knowledge, love, light and faith. My deepest thanks go to my supervisor and readers, whose individual passions and critical guidance helped shape my research perspective, sustain my sanity and boost my confidence - Dr. Mohamed Serag, who first initiated me into the scholarship of al- Ghazali and engaged me in eye-opening theological debates, Dr. Steffen Stelzer, whose academic expertise and personal sufi practice inspired my curiosity and touched me in deep spiritual ways, and Dr. Aliaa Rafea, who, through her lectures and practices, emphasized how the depths of meaning in the Quran can contribute to human development in contemporary times. Throughout this adventure, my colleagues and friends have been equally supportive - Soha Helwa and Wafaa Wali, in particular, have joined me in bouncing ideas back and forth to refine perspective and sustain rigor. Sincere appreciation and love goes to my family - my dear husband and children, whose unswerving support all these years has helped me grow in ways I yearned for, and never dreamed possible; and my siblings who constantly engaged me in discussion and critical analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Harris Mylonas
    HARRIS MYLONAS Department of Political Science, George Washington University 2115 G street, NW, Suite 440, Washington, DC 20052 [email protected] RESEARCH AND TEACHING INTERESTS Nationalism, Nation- and State-Building, Social Order, Diaspora Policies, European Politics, Qualitative Methods. POSITIONS Editor-in-Chief of Nationalities Papers--peer-reviewed journal published by Cambridge University Press [2018-present]. George Washington University, Washington, DC Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs [2015- present]. Associate Dean for Research, Elliott School of International Affairs [2017-2018]. Assistant Professor of Political Science and International Affairs [2009-2015]. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Academy Scholar, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs [2008-2009 and 2011-2012 academic years]. EDUCATION Yale University, New Haven, CT Ph.D., with Distinction, Political Science, 2008 M.A. (2004) and M.Phil. (2005) in Political Science The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL M.A. in Political Science, 2003 The University of Athens, Athens, Greece M.Sc. in Political Science & Sociology, 2002 B.A. in Political Science & Public Administration, 2000 PUBLICATIONS Books Diaspora Management Logics, Unpublished book manuscript. Forthcoming. Nationalism Reawakened: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, under contract with Cambridge University Press. (w/ Maya Tudor) 2012. The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ¬ Winner, 2014 European Studies Book Award, Council for European Studies, for the best first book on any subject in European Studies published within a two-year period. ¬ Winner, 2013 Peter Katzenstein Book Prize, Cornell University, for an outstanding first book in International Relations, Comparative Politics, or Political Economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Who-Wants-The-Caliphate.Pdf
    2 | Who Wants the Caliphate? ​ ​ ​ Author Biography Dr. Ovamir Anjum is Imam Khattab Endowed Chair of Islamic Studies at the ​ Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Toledo. He obtained his Ph.D. in Islamic history in the Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison. His work focuses on the nexus of theology, ethics, politics and law in Islam, with comparative interest in Western thought. His interests are united by a common theoretical focus on epistemology or views of intellect/reason in various domains of Islamic thought, ranging from politics (siyasa), law (fiqh), ​ ​ ​ ​ theology (kalam), falsafa (Islamic philosophy) and spirituality (Sufism, mysticism, ​ ​ ​ and asceticism). Author of Politics, Law and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan ​ Moment (Cambridge University Press, 2012), Dr. Anjum has also translated a ​ popular Islamic spiritual and theological classic, Madarij al-Salikin (Ranks of ​ ​ Divine Seekers) by Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1351); the first two volumes to be published by Brill later this year. His current projects include a multi-volume survey of Islamic history and a monograph on Islamic political thought. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. Copyright © 2019. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 3 | Who Wants the Caliphate? ​ ​ ​ Editor’s Note This publication was scheduled for release before the news of the death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi.
    [Show full text]
  • In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad
    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Constitutional Bad Faith
    VOLUME 129 FEBRUARY 2016 NUMBER 4 © 2016 by The Harvard Law Review Association ARTICLE CONSTITUTIONAL BAD FAITH David E. Pozen CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 886 I. BAD FAITH BASICS ............................................................................................................... 890 II. JUDICIAL TOLERATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL BAD FAITH ..................................... 896 A. Doctrinal Responses ......................................................................................................... 897 1. Explicit Enforcement Zones ....................................................................................... 898 2. Implicit Enforcement Zones ....................................................................................... 902 3. Nonenforcement Zones ................................................................................................ 905 B. Explanations ...................................................................................................................... 909 III. VARIETIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL BAD FAITH ............................................................. 918 A. Subjective Bad Faith ....................................................................................................... 920 1. Dishonesty .................................................................................................................... 920 2. Disloyalty .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Three Point Five
    Religious Neutrality Chapter Three Draft: Feb. 14, 2011 Please do not cite or quote Chapter Three The American Specification of Neutrality Secularism in the United States has never been a secularism of governmental religion-blindness.1 Rather, it is secularism of a religion-friendly kind, which aims at broad, nondenominational support for religion while remaining neutral among religious factions. Neutrality’s fluidity means that it can vary in both its conceptual scope and its field of application. Religious neutrality, for example, could mean neutrality among varieties of Protestantism, or varieties of Christianity, or varieties of monotheism, or something even broader and vaguer. Whatever conceptual scope is attributed to it, the obligation of neutrality could be held to apply only to judges, or to both judges and legislators, or to citizens when voting. In this chapter, I will examine the specific variety of neutrality that has been followed in American law. It has never stopped treating religion as a distinctive human good. That neutrality, however, has shifted over time, becoming vaguer and more inclusive. Modes of secularism Which specification of neutrality we actually adopt will depend on our substantive reasons for adopting neutrality in the first place. Bruce Ackerman (who capitalizes “Neutrality” because it is the master concept of his political theory) observes that “it would be a category mistake to imagine that there could be a Neutral justification for the practice of Neutral justification – for Neutrality makes no sense except as a part of the practice it constitutes.”2 It is not possible to be blind to an issue with respect to which one has resolved to remain neutral.
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Sphere During the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): the Role of Sufism
    The Public Sphere during the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): The Role of Sufism Atta Muhammad Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Languages, Cultures, and Societies February 2020 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Atta Muhammad to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2019 The University of Leeds and Atta Muhammad 3 Acknowledgements I am thankful to Allah the Merciful for His Blessings, which helped me to complete this thesis. My heartfelt thanks go to my respected supervisor Dr. Fozia Bora for her persistent guidance and invaluable feedback. She has been a guiding star in every step of my research journey. Without her kind guidance and extra support and care, I would not have completed my research. My learning from her was not confined to her comments on my work but drew much inspiration from her many points of general wisdom. I am thankful to Dr. Hendrik Kraetzschmar, for his useful comments on my chapter which I presented for my transfer viva. I am also thankful to Dr. Mustapha Sheikh and Dr. Tajul Islam as they encouraged me at every step, and I had useful discussions with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution
    INTERPRETING THE QUR’AN AND THE CONSTITUTION: SIMILARITIES IN THE USE OF TEXT, TRADITION, AND REASON IN ISLAMIC AND AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE Asifa Quraishi* INTRODUCTION Can interpreting the Qur’an be anything like interpreting the Constitution? These documents are usually seen to represent overwhelming opposites in our global legal and cultural landscapes. How, after all, can there be any room for comparison between a legal system founded on revelation and one based on a man-made document? What this premise overlooks, however, is that the nature of the founding legal text tells only the beginning of the story. With some comparative study of the legal cultures that formed around the Qur’an and the Constitution, a few common themes start to emerge, and ultimately it turns out that there may be as much the same as is different between the jurisprudence of Islam and the United States. Though set against very different cultures and legal institutions, jurists within Islamic law have engaged in debates over legal interpretation that bear a striking resemblance to debates in the world of American constitutional theory.1 We will here set these debates next to * Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School. The author wishes to thank Frank Vogel and Jack Balkin for their support and advice in the research that contributed to this article, and Suzanne Stone for the opportunity to be part of a stimulating conference and symposium. 1 Positing my two fields as “Islamic” and “American” invokes a host of potential misunderstandings. First, these are obviously not mutually exclusive categories, most vividly illustrated by the significant population of American Muslims, to which I myself belong.
    [Show full text]
  • Burns* (Skidmore College)
    Klesis – Revue philosophique – 2011 : 19 – Autour de Leo Strauss Leo Strauss’s Life and Work Timothy Burns* (Skidmore College) I. Life Leo Strauss (1899-1973) was a German-born American political philosopher of Jewish heritage who revived the study of political philosophy in the 20 th century. His complex philosophical reflections exercise a quietly growing, deep influence in America, Europe, and Asia. Strauss was born in the rural town of Kirchhain in Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, on September 20, 1899, to Hugo and Jenny David Strauss. He attended Kirchhain’s Volksschule and the Rektoratsschule before enrolling, in 1912, at the Gymnasium Philippinum in Marburg, graduating in 1917. The adolescent Strauss was immersed in Hermann Cohen’s neo-Kantianism, the most progressive German-Jewish thinking. “Cohen,” Strauss states, “was the center of attraction for philosophically minded Jews who were devoted to Judaism.” After serving in the German army for a year and a half, Strauss began attending the University at Marburg, where he met Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jacob Klein. In 1921 he went to Hamburg, where he wrote his doctoral thesis under Ernst Cassirer. In 1922, Strauss went to the University of Freiburg-im-Breisgau for a post- doctoral year, in order to see and hear Edmund Husserl, but he also attended lecture courses given by Martin Heidegger. He participated in Franz Rosenzweig’s Freies Jüdisches Lehrhaus in Frankfurt-am-Main, and published articles in Der Jude and the Jüdische Rundschau . One of these articles, on Cohen’s analysis of Spinoza, brought Strauss to the attention of Julius Guttmann, who in 1925 offered him a position researching Jewish Philosophy at the Akademie für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • PDE5(1)Full.Pdf
    . 2 . Postcolonial Directions in Education Focus and Scope Postcolonial Directions in Education is a peer reviewed open access journal produced twice a year. It is a scholarly journal intended to foster further understanding, advancement and reshaping of the field of postcolonial education. We welcome articles that contribute to advancing the field. As indicated in the Editorial for the inaugural issue, the purview of this journal is broad enough to encompass a variety of disciplinary approaches, including but not confined to the following: sociological, anthropological, historical and social psychological approaches. The areas embraced include anti-racist education, decolonizing education, critical multiculturalism, critical racism theory, direct colonial experiences in education and their legacies for present day educational structures and practice, educational experiences reflecting the culture and ‘imagination’ of empire, the impact of neoliberalism/globalisation/structural adjustment programmes on education, colonial curricula and subaltern alternatives, education and liberation movements, challenging hegemonic languages, the promotion of local literacies and linguistic diversity, neo-colonial education and identity construction, colonialism and the construction of patriarchy, canon and canonicity, Indigenous knowledges, supranational bodies and their educational frameworks, north-south and east-west relations in education, the politics of representation, unlearning colonial stereotypes, internal colonialism and education, cultural hybridity and learning in postcolonial contexts, education and the politics of dislocation, biographies / autobiographies reflecting the above themes, deconstruction of colonial narratives of civilization within educational contexts. Once again, the field cannot be exhausted. Peer Review Process Papers submitted to Postcolonial Directions in Education are examined by at least two reviewers for originality and timeliness in the context of related research.
    [Show full text]