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Chapter 7.2 Pitched Roofs 7.1 Pitched Roofs

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Chapter 7.2 Pitched Roofs 7.1 Pitched Roofs Part 7 Roofs Chapter 7.2 Pitched roofs 7.1 Pitched roofs CONTENTS SCOPE DESIGN Clause Page This Chapter gives guidance on meeting the Technical Requirements and recommendations for pitched roofs, Design standards D1 1 including trussed rafter and traditional cut roofs, vertical tiling, Statutory requirements D2 1 weatherproofing and insulation. Loadbearing structure D3-D4 1 Trussed rafter roofs D5 1 Traditional cut roofs D6 2 Timber treatment D7 3 Weathertightness D8-D9 3 - 4 Insulation and control of condensation D10-D11 4 Fire spread D12-D13 5 Access D14 5 Roof drainage D15 6 Provision of information D16-D17 6 MATERIALS Materials standards M1 6 Structural timber M2-M3 6 Restraint straps and holding down straps M4 6 Roofing materials M5 6 Reclaimed materials M6 7 SITEWORK Sitework standards S1 7 Wall plates S2 7 Strapping S3 8 Trussed rafters S4-S6 8 Traditional cut roofs S7-S8 9 Water tank supports S9 10 Fascias, bargeboards and soffits S10 10 Roofing materials S11 10 Flashings and weatherings S12 12 Fire-stopping S13 14 7.1 Thermal insulation S14 14 Roof drainage S15 14 APPENDIX 7.2-A Roof tile fixings 15 APPENDIX 7.2-B Bracing requirements for trussed rafter roofs 16 APPENDIX 7.2-C Tank support details 18 APPENDIX 7.2-D Sizes and spacing of tile battens 19 APPENDIX 7.2-E Strutting for attic trusses and cut roofs 19 that have a floor APPENDIX 7.2-F Durability classification of natural slates 19 INDEX 20 Pitched roofs 7.2 (d) sizing and spacing of members (c) lateral restraint straps DESIGN STANDARDS Sizing and spacing of rafters and ceiling For dwellings of masonry construction, joists should be as: restraint should be provided at rafter level 7.2 - D1 Design shall meet the Technical • clause D5 for trussed rafter roofs for gable walls. Larger gable or separating Requirements • clause D6 for traditional cut roofs. walls may also require restraint at ceiling Design that follows the guidance below will level. See sitework clause S3. Generally, the spacing of rafters and ceiling be acceptable for pitched roofs. joists should be not more than 600mm. Guidance in assessing when ceiling The spacing of ceiling joists should suit restraint is needed can be found in STATUTORY the thickness and size of the plasterboard Building Regulations. sheets or other ceiling finish. Plasterboard REQUIREMENTS Lateral restraint straps should have a sheets may be fixed at the following joist minimum cross section of 30mm x 5mm 7.2 - D2 Design shall comply with all centres: relevant statutory requirements and a minimum anchorage downturn • 9.5mm sheets - up to 450mm of 100mm. The level of galvanizing for Designs should be in accordance with spacing straps and their fixings should be in relevant Building Regulations and other accordance with Tables A.1 and A.2 of statutory requirements. • 12.5mm and - up to 600mm 15mm sheets spacing BS EN 845-1(reference should be made to Appendix 6.1-F). Sheradizing is not LOADBEARING Proprietary roof systems should be acceptable in Northern Ireland and the STRUCTURE designed by an Engineer in accordance Isle of Man. Straps should be of sufficient with Technical Requirement R5. length to be fixed to three trusses and 7.2 - D3 All pitched roof structures shall should be fixed with solid blocking. be designed to support applied loads and (e) size and spacing of tile battens self weight without undue movement The size and spacing of tile battens should In framed roofs, as an alternative, purlins and pole plates can also provide restraint Items to be taken into account include: be in accordance with the roof covering manufacturer’s recommendations, but not if the timber abuts a gable construction. (a) dead and imposed loads less than shown in the table in Where purlins are used to provide restraint Dead and imposed loads should be Appendix 7.2-D. they should not be spaced at more than calculated in accordance with BS EN 2m centres, unless the design shows they Nails for fixing battens should be 3.35mm 1991-1-1,BS EN 1991-1-3 and BS EN 1991-1-4. are adequate at greater spacing. (10 gauge) x 65mm long. Galvanized Dead loads include the self weight of smooth round nails are acceptable, except In trussed rafter roofs, an alternative is to the roof structure and the roof covering. where the maximum basic wind speed is provide restraint through gable Imposed loads include snow loadings and over 26m/s (from National Annex Figure ladder detailing. the weight of water tanks, insulation, etc. NA.1 of BS EN 1991-1-4), where ring shank (d) timber frame construction nails should be specified. Structural timber should be specified For dwellings of timber frame according to the strength classes in BS EN 7.2 - D4 All pitched roof structures shall construction, the designer should ensure 338. Timber specifications when using BS stability in accordance with BS EN 1995-1-1. 4978 grading rules (eg GS) should be in be designed so as to transmit loads accordance with BS EN 1912 or strength and give restraint to the supporting class specified and also include the structure without undue movement TRUSSED RAFTER ROOFS timber species. Items to be taken into account include: 7.2 - D5 Trussed rafters shall be designed to support applied loads and (b) wind loads (a) wall plates self weight without undue movement Wind loads appropriate to the site location Normally, trussed rafter roofs and 7.2 should be calculated in accordance with BS traditional cut roofs should be supported Items to be taken into account include: EN 1991-1-4. The roof should be designed on timber wall plates. (a) recognised design standards to resist wind uplift. This resistance is Trussed rafters should be designed in often provided by the weight of the roof Wall plates should be as detailed in Clause accordance with BS 5268-3 (or PD 6693-2 itself but holding down straps should be D6(b) with regard to the table concerning when published). Truss manufacturers provided where the self weight of the roof minimum sizes. Fixings to connect the may have their own computer programs is insufficient. roof structure to the wall plate should be specified having regard to the roof for calculating truss designs in accordance (c) holding down straps construction and the exposure conditions with the British Standard. Holding down straps may be required in of the site. (b) design information certain geographical locations and with For trussed rafter roofs not subject to To ensure that trussed rafters are correctly certain types of roof construction. Some uplift, the minimum fixing should be two designed and fabricated, and are suitable roof covering manufacturers provide 4.5mm x 100mm long galvanized round for their intended purpose, an accurate detailed guidance. wire nails, skew nailed, one from each side specification is necessary. Where holding down straps are necessary, of the trussed rafter. Alternatively, truss BS 5268-3 (or PD 6693-2 when published) they should have a minimum cross clips can be used, fixed in accordance with gives a list of information to be supplied to section of 30mm x 2.5mm and be fixed at manufacturers’ instructions. the truss manufacturer, including the: maximum 2m centres. Steel straps with a In Scotland, nails should be appropriate to • height and location of building with galvanized finish are normally acceptable. wall plate dimensions. reference to unusual wind conditions The design should detail how straps are • profile of the trussed rafter, including to be fixed and what materials are to be (b) holding down straps camber, if required used. The durability of fixings should be In situations where the roof is required • span of the trussed rafter compatible with the straps. to resist uplift, skew nailing is unlikely to • pitch or pitches of the roof provide sufficient strength. Appropriate metal straps should be used. 2013 Chapter 7.2 Page 1 7.2 Pitched roofs • method of support and position (i) combined trussed rafter and cut roofs of supports Particular care is needed where trussed • type and weights of roof tiles or rafters and a cut roof are combined in a covering, including sarking, insulation roof design. The designer should provide trimming and ceiling materials trussed details of the complete roof. Trussed • size and approximate position of any rafters rafters supporting traditional cut roof water tanks or other equipment to be members should be designed by an supported on the trussed rafters Engineer in accordance with Technical • overhang of rafters at eaves and other Requirement R5. eaves details • positions and dimensions of hatches, a (j) strutting to attic trusses chimneys and other openings c The part of an attic truss which forms a b • use of the building with reference to any floor should have strutting in accordance • unusual environmental conditions b with Appendix 7.2-E. • type of preservative treatment, (e) mono-pitch trusses and girder where required trusses TRADITIONAL CUT ROOFS • spacing of trussed rafters and special Hipped roofs constructed with trussed 7.2 - D6 Cut roofs shall be designed to timber sizes, where these are required rafters will generally require a series support applied loads and self weight to match existing construction. of diminishing mono-pitched trusses without undue movement supported by a girder truss. The building designer should ensure Items to be taken into account include: that the design of the roof as a whole The bearing of mono-pitched trusses into is satisfactory in achieving the overall shoes should be as follows: (a) recognised design standards stability of the complete structure. Sizes of certain roof members for basic This includes its connection to, and Span Minimum Minimum pitched roofs are given in TRADA Eurocode compatibility with, the supporting bearing thickness 5 span tables (3rd edition) and BS 8103.
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