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Dublin 07/02/2014 A single copy of this document is licensed to On This is an uncontrolled copy. Ensure use of the most current version of the document by searching the Construction Information Service. Licensed copy from CIS: DUBLIN, DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 07/02/2014, Uncontrolled Copy. Part 7 Roofs 7.1 Flat roofs and balconies 7.2 Pitched roofs Licensed copy from CIS: DUBLIN, DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 07/02/2014, Uncontrolled Copy. Part 7 Roofs Chapter 7.1 Flat roofs and balconies Licensed copy from CIS: DUBLIN, DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 07/02/2014, Uncontrolled Copy. 7.1 Flat roofs and balconies CONTENTS SCOPE DESIGN Clause Page This Chapter gives guidance on meeting the Technical Design standards D1 1 Requirements and recommendations for flat roofs and balconies with a fully supported continuous weatherproofing Statutory requirements D2 1 membrane. Loadbearing structure D3-D4 1 Principles of design D5 2 Structural deck D6 2 Thermal insulation and vapour control layers D7 2 Waterproofing and surface finishes D8 2 Rainwater drainage D9 2 Guarding to balconies D10 3 Access for maintenance D11 3 Provision of information D12-D13 3 MATERIALS Materials standards M1 3 Waterproofing M2 4 Structural timber M3 4 Profiled metal M4 4 Green and proprietary roofs M5 4 SITEWORK Sitework standards S1 4 In-situ reinforced concrete S2 4 Precast concrete S3 4 Profiled metal S4 4 Timber S5 5 Structural decks S6 5 Drainage S7 6 Thermal insulation and vapour control layers S8 6 Waterproofing S9 6 Guarding to balconies S10 7 Protection of materials from weather S11 7 7.1 APPENDIX 7.1-A Commonly used flat roofs 8 APPENDIX 7.1-B Surface treatments 13 APPENDIX 7.1-C Construction details of flat roofs and 14 balconies APPENDIX 7.1-D Balcony access, weatherproofing and 16 drainage INDEX 18 Licensed copy from CIS: DUBLIN, DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 07/02/2014, Uncontrolled Copy. Flat roofs and balconies 7.1 at 2.0m centres (maximum) (see Sitework (b) in-situ reinforced concrete DESIGN STANDARDS clause 7.1 - S5(d)). In-situ reinforced concrete construction should be designed in accordance 7.1 - D1 Design shall meet the Technical (c) durability with BS EN 1992-1-1 and, where Requirements Technical Requirement R3 states that the appropriate, Chapter 2.1 ‘Concrete and Design that follows the guidance below will structure shall, unless specifically agreed its reinforcement’. A concrete mix with be acceptable for flat roofs and balconies. otherwise in writing with NHBC, have a life low shrinkage characteristics should be of at least 60 years. specified. For the purposes of this Chapter: The use of timber in balconies should be • generally, a flat roof has a maximum (c) precast concrete limited to secondary elements which in slope of 10° from the horizontal; Precast concrete construction should be turn are supported by materials other than however, many flat roof systems can be designed in accordance with BS EN 1992- timber. Timber can be used in the following used at greater pitches, in some cases 1-1. situations provided it has the appropriate up to vertical. Specifications for sloping The design of concrete elements should durability - see Chapter 2.3 ‘Timber roofs are generally the same as for flat allow for the following: preservation (natural solid timber)’: roofs, but will require mechanical fixings • continuity or anti-crack reinforcement • cantilevered solid timber joist balconies to hold the materials in place • allowance for movement at about 15m with a waterproof membrane above the • ”deck” is the structural substrate of a intervals and at abutments. flat roof joists • ”decking” is the upper trafficked • open balcony constructions with timber (d) profiled metal surface of a balcony (commonly a decking. The decking may be supported The manufacturer’s load/span tables for hardwood assembly laid onto the roof on solid timber joists which in turn are each profile should be consulted and or substantial paving tiles bedded to the supported by materials or components should include the relevant applied safety surface). other than timber factor. Profiled metals used for roof decks • balustrading. should have a profile with crowns of at Note: Profile sheeted roofing acting as the Timber should not be used for: least 50% of the profile width (not the waterproofing is outside the scope of this • gallows brackets supporting a balcony sheet width) for bonded systems and Chapter because it is discontinuous and • posts or columns supporting a balcony 45% for mechanically fixed systems, in not continuously supported. • guard rails or their support. order to provide adequate support for the remainder of the roof build-up. STATUTORY 7.1 - D4 Structural design shall be undertaken to a recognised standard REQUIREMENTS to ensure that loads are transmitted to 7.1 - D2 Design shall comply with all the supporting structure without undue relevant statutory requirements movement Designs should be in accordance with Items to be taken into account include: relevant Building Regulations and other (a) timber (where appropriate) statutory requirements. Structural design should be in accordance profile width with one of the following: • BS EN 1995-1-1 LOADBEARING crown width • appropriate load/span tables published STRUCTURE by TRADA in support of Building 7.1 - D3 Flat roofs and balconies, Regulations and associated documents including associated elements such as • I-joists and metal web joists should support and guarding, shall be designed be specified in accordance with the crown width to be not less than 50% to resist the applied loading and have manufacturer’s recommendations, of the profile width for bonded systems 7.1 adequate durability but not used in situations where any and 45% for mechanically fixed systems. part of the joist is exposed to external Structural design shall be undertaken in conditions. Construction loadings, including point accordance with a recognised standard. loads imposed by foot traffic, storage of Joist hangers should be the correct size materials and loads imposed by following Items to be taken into account include: for the timber joists being supported and trades should be taken into account. (a) dead and imposed loads meet with BS EN 845. Protection sheets, such as plywood, Dead and imposed loads should be should be used to prevent damage if such Pre-drilled vertical holding down straps calculated in accordance with BS EN loadings are expected. 1991-1-1, BS EN 1991-1-3 and BS EN 1991- should be at least one metre long, and 1-4. Where a flat roof is to act as a roof 30mm x 2.5mm in cross section. Fixing to the structure should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s terrace, roof garden or car parking area, All mild steel straps and fixings should be instructions and BS EN 1991-1-4. Unless appropriate provision should be made for protected against corrosion in accordance the manufacturer agrees otherwise, the the additional loadings. Intensive green with Tables A.1 and A.2 of BS EN 845-1. roofs should only be used in conjunction deck should be side stitched to ensure it with concrete decks. See clause 7.1 - D3 for guidance on the use performs as a continuous plane layer. of timber in balcony construction. (b) wind loads The frequency of fixings should meet the Wind loads appropriate to the site should Reference should be made to Materials manufacturer’s recommendations, and be be calculated in accordance with BS EN clause 7.1 - M1 and Chapter 2.3 ‘Timber calculated to resist the wind uplift figures 1991-1-4. The design should resist uplift preservation (natural solid timber)’ derived from BS EN 1991-1-4. from wind forces either by anchorage to (Design) for timbers requiring preservative (e) structural steelwork the main structure or by being of sufficient treatment. Structural steelwork should be designed weight to prevent lifting. Holding down in accordance with BS EN 1993-1-1 and straps, where required, should be provided Licensed copy from CIS: DUBLIN, DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 07/02/2014, Uncontrolled Copy. 2014 Chapter 7.1 Page 1 7.1 Flat roofs and balconies Technical Requirement R5. Supporting STRUCTURAL DECK The manufacturer of the membrane steelwork and purlins should be square, system for a green roof should confirm true and free from twists or sagging. 7.1 - D6 Flat roof decks shall be of that the overall roof design is compatible adequate strength and moisture with the system. The complete green (f) differential movement resistance roof should be installed by a contractor Allowance should be made for movement Deck materials suitable for the different trained and approved by the membrane in larger roofs (e.g. roofs to blocks of flats), types of roof design are given in Appendix manufacturer. particularly where the span of the roof 7.1-A. deck changes, e.g. in L-shaped buildings. Once completed the waterproof membrane Joints should be continuous through the should be visually inspected and vertical upstands, walls and edges of the THERMAL INSULATION electronically tested for waterproofing building. Details are shown in Appendix AND VAPOUR CONTROL integrity, faults rectified, and the roof 7.1-C. re-tested before further layers, such as LAYERS reservoir or filter layers and the subsoil and (g) lateral restraint 7.1 - D7 Flat roofs (and balconies topsoil are placed. The tested membrane Where walls require lateral restraint, this functioning as roofs) shall have adequate should be protected from damage until may be provided by joists and concrete thermal insulation subsequent layers are applied. roof elements. The bearings for concrete elements and timber joists where they are The BRE Report “Thermal insulation: The results of the test should be made built in should be at least 90mm. avoiding risks” discusses aspects of available to NHBC.
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