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School of Mission and Theology Stavanger Norway SCHOOL OF MISSION AND THEOLOGY STAVANGER NORWAY THE ROLE OF THE DII PEOPLE IN THE OUTREACH OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH IN CAMEROON 1934-1974 A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF MISSION AND THEOLOGY AS A COURSE UNIT IN PARTIAL FULFILLEMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTERS DEGREE IN THEOLOGY AT THE SCHOOL OF MISSION AND THEOLOGY (MOPG 30) BY ETIENNE MOMTOTT MAY 2012 Declaration I am declaring to have prepared this work alone. No work like this has been presented by any other person in any university for an award of any degree. Signature……………………………………………………………………………………. Date…………………………………………………………………………………………. Supervisor: Prof. Jørgensen Torstein Signature……………………………………………………………………………………... Date…………………………………………………………………………………………... Table of Contents Declaration.............................................................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... v Chapter One .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 TERMINOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Mission as Mission Dei ................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Mission as Church Planting ............................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Mission as Evangelization ............................................................................................................... 3 1.2 BACKGROUND HISTORY ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.1 Biblical Goal for World Mission ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Westernization of the World Mission ............................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 Outreach of the Mission in Cameroon ............................................................................................ 6 1.2.4 Outcome of the Mission in Adamaoua ............................................................................................ 6 1.3 METHOD .................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Literature ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.2 Interviews ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.3.3 Problematization ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.4 Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter Two ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 THE ENCOUNTER OF THE DII PEOPLE WITH CHRISTIANITY .......................................................... 11 2.1 THE HISTORICAL SETTING OF THE DII PEOPLE ........................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 The History of the Origin of the Dii People ................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 The Culture and Arts of the Dii People ......................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 The Occupation of the Dii People ................................................................................................. 14 2.1.4 The Dii People Belief .................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 THE MISSION SHIFT TO THE DII LAND ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 The Inconsistency among Muslims ................................................................................................ 16 2.2.2 The Quest for New Mission Field .................................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 The Strategic Foundation .............................................................................................................. 18 2.3 THE OVERSEAS MISSIONARIES IN THE DII LAND ....................................................................................... 18 2.3.1 The Initial Contact with the Dii People ......................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 The Impact of the Overseas Missionaries' Work ........................................................................... 19 2.3.3 The Overview of Missionaries in the Dii Land .............................................................................. 21 Chapter Three ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 THE EMERGENCE OF THE DII CHRISTIANITY ...................................................................................... 23 3.1 THE GROWTH OF THE DII WORKERS IN MISSION ...................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 The Primary School of Mission ..................................................................................................... 23 3.1.2 The Bible School ........................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.3 The School of Theology ................................................................................................................. 30 3.2 THE HOME MISSIONARIES AMONG THE DII PEOPLE................................................................................... 32 3.2.1 The Role of Lay People ................................................................................................................. 32 3.2.2 The Role of Women ....................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3 The Role of the Dii Church Leaders .............................................................................................. 37 3.3 THE REACHING OUT OF THE DII CAMPAIGN .............................................................................................. 39 3.3.1 The Campaign in the Centre of the Dii Land ................................................................................ 39 3.3.2 The Campaign towards the North of the Dii Land ........................................................................ 42 3.4 THE CONTROVERSY OF THE DII CHRISTIANITY ........................................................................................ 43 ii 3.4.1 The Identity Crisis of the Dii Christians........................................................................................ 44 3.4.2 The Spiritual Crisis among the Dii People.................................................................................... 46 3.4.3 The Crisis of Vocation among the Dii People ............................................................................... 49 3.4.4 The Campaign towards the South of the Dii Land ........................................................................ 51 Chapter Four ....................................................................................................................................................... 54 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DII CHRISTIANITY IN-DEPTH ....................................................... 54 4.1 THE INTERPRETATION OF THE DII MINISTRY ............................................................................................. 54 4.1.1 The Dii People as Pillars in Church Mission ................................................................................ 54 4.1.2 The Dii Church Workers as Partners in Mission .......................................................................... 56 4.1.3 The Dii Church Workers as Challenger in Mission ...................................................................... 60 4.2 THE CORE OF THE CONTEMPORARY DII MINISTRY .................................................................................... 62 4.2.1 The Kinship Challenge .................................................................................................................. 62 4.2.2 The Evangelistic Challenge ..........................................................................................................
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