Voi. XVII No. 6 June, 1962 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN t FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner Fairfax Rd). London, N.W.S 0//ict and CoMuiting Hourt: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096-7 (General OUice and Welfare tor the Aged) Monday to Thuriday IOa.m-1 Bin 3-6 B m MAIda Vale 4449 (Emplovment Agency, annually licensed bv the L.CC.. , , .' '""""'»'""'•'"• ' P""-•> » P-m and Social Services Dept,) Friday W a.m.—I p.m.

H. C. Reissner " co-operation" than they actually did ? In this regard, too, it behoves all survivors to remain very modest. Who knows how we would have acted in the perverted circumstances of JEWISH RESISTANCE UNDER THE NAZIS temporary existence in the ghettoes of the East under Nazi control ? Opportunities and Limitations One specific word only in vindication of the attitude of the German Jews. Admittedly we were overtly optimistic in our early expectations Most readers of " AJR Information" have prehensive evidence submitted by the author relative to intemal mitigating forces such as the themselves witnessed some phase of the destruc­ himself seems to challenge his contention that the Reichswehr and the Conservatives, as well as to tion of Jewish individuals and institutions on the European Jews were, on the whole, a frightened the external impact of Western public opinion and European Continent ; but our own experiences herd of hypnotised humanity incapable of offering political pressure. On the other hand, what little and recollections have, necessarily, been restricted active resistance. There was, at least on Russian we could, then, try to achieve on a day-to-day in terms of time and region. The sense of territory, enough of Jewish participation in partisan basis betrayed a genuine sense of constructive bewilderment, shock and loss will not leave us as warfare, in conjunction with that of other resistance. We—non-Zionists and Zionists alike— long as we live, though much has happened since nationalities, to have given the Nazis formal justi­ did not '• sell out ", nor did we run away so as for which we must be grateful. To assess the fication for the installation of " mobile killing to please the " Corporal from Austria ". Even whole breadth and depth of the tragedy a certain units ". The participation of Jews in the French after it had become obvious—latest since the degree of detachment would seem necessary. Resistance as well as the last-ditch fight of the annexation of Austria—that matters were heading both in terms of personal involvement and time. Warsaw Ghetto are also matters of record. To for a catastrophe of global dimensions, and in the This is true of the learned author of the book call this " the exception that proves the rule " (as face of mounting obstacles in countries of poten­ under review.* He is now on the faculty of the Prof. Hugh Trevor-Roper did in the New tial immigration, we tried to conduct an orderly, University of Vermont (where he has specialised Statesman of March 2nd, 1962) sounds like a dignified process of liquidation. in international relations and American foreign sort of negative exaggeration. policy). He was born in Central Europe, but was It remains, all the same, true that "Aggression " obviously too young to have retained more than The Record of German Jewry a haunting memory of events presented in his had a year's headstart over " Resistance", and book. He gained insight when he returned to that a significant early phase of the latter was There was just one instance of an elected Europe with^ the U.S. forces, amplifying it later dubbed the " Phoney War", to say nothing of Jewish spokesman—Kareski—who thought he on by professional work, as a member of the the phoney, perverted temporary political alliance could "sup with the devil", i,e,, come to terms U.S. War Documentation Project. All told, he between Nazis and Russians. In spite of ample with the Nazis, by giving away Jews who were spent ten years on the compilation and evaluation warnings, neither the Jews nor the nations at active Socialists or alleged s) mpathisers. Of this of his material. His sources are German as well large, whose citizens the Jews were, had been episode (whose victims were Adler-Rudel and the as Allied, including those now located behind the prepared to anticipate, appraise and prevent the late Wilfrid Israel) Hilberg does not seem to politically dividing line. culmination of the Wagnerian " Goetterdaem- have been aware. He is, however, unexception­ merung " psychology. Nor must it be overlooked able in quoting the late Dr. Baeck relative to the From the outset it must be appreciated that that most observers abroad regarded the victimisa­ " co-operation " of the " Reichsvereinigung der Hilberg's review encompasses the fate of all tion of the German Jews by the Nazis from 1933 Juden in Deutschland", on the eve of the European Jews, from Norway to Greece, not just to 1939 as a regrettable domestic affair, beyond deportations: of the former German Jews who were the first outside jurisdiction. In their own lack of pre­ I made it a principle to accept no appoint­ objects of victimisation. Moreover, his focus is paredness, therefore, Jews reflected the lack of ments from the Nazis and to do nothing which not so much on the victims but rather on the foresight of the governments and nations involved. might help them. But later, when the question perpetrators, i,e.. the people who destroyed The most that can be admitted is that it was arose whether Jewish orderlies should help pick the Jews. His restrained narrative covers the perhaps a little more diflficult for Jews to sense up Jews for deportation, I took the position attempted, nearly successful Nazi policy of impending doom because religious disposition had that it would be better for them to do it, annihilation, from its " philosophical" roots to them ill-prepared to face the possibility of the because they could at least be more gentle and its administrative implementation, with the worst realistically. helpful than the Gestapo and make the ordeal emohasis on the latter. Some authorities, including Prof. Hilberg and easier. It was scarcely in our power to oppose Hilberg divides his report in stages, as the Prof. Trevor-Roper, seem inclined to blame this the order effectively (our italics). squeeze became gradually more thorough and rather on a meek defensive psychology developed What Dr. Baeck did not say in the context, and more deadly, viz. expropriation ; concentration ; during the centuries of the "Dispersion" of the what Hilberg omits to stress, is the fact that each tnobile killing operations ; deportations (with sub­ Jewish people. They have toand an unsolicited of the leaders of the Jews then remain'ng in paragraphs for each country involved); killing ally also in the American-Jewish writer Ben Hecht, Germany—Dr. Baeck, Dr. Hirsch, Dr. Seligsohn, centre operations. Thus, the reader is informed whose book, "Perfidy" (New York, 1961). Director Stahl—could have saved their own skins 'or reminded, as the case may be) how the pro­ happened to appear simultaneously with Hilberg's, by emigration long before deportation, but that cedure and the tools of destruction were, step by Ben Hecht. an active supporter of political they stood by their flock in its hour of doom step, more boldlv devised and more systematically extremism of the Jabotinsky brand of Zionism, and that they sacrificed their lives in the service perfected. He also learns how the "philo­ accuses Weizmann, Ben-Gurion and Sharett of of the community. They truly "hallowed the sophical ". destructive impulse eventually prevailed betrayal of the Jewish masses in that he says Name ". . . . over rational assessments. Not having lived the Jewish Agency for Palestine acted as a mere These notes of dissent, rather than meant to through the period of war in Europe himself, this lackey of the British and did not come to the detract from Prof. Hilberg's scholarly merits, reviewer was amazed at the extent of the contri­ rescue of remaining milhons of doomed Jewish reflect the " agonising reappraisal " invoked at the bution to the industrial war eflfort which was victims of Nazi extermination policy, in Hungary beginning of the present review. In his concluding extorted from millions (family members included) and elsewhere. words, Hilberg does not shirk the issue which °t potential and eventual victims. They, of course, presents itself to all who ever, and whenever and ^?'^cd in the elementary, but futile hope of bare We who happened to survive individually— including author Hilberg—ought to restrain any wherever, ponder over the meaning of the events Physical survival. The nihilistic approach— described and analysed: can history repeat itself, Judjeam esse delendam—at the " brain " centre of tendency towards self-righteousness from hind­ sight. But it seems to this writer, as must be and is such an occurrence conceivable in another operations was stronger than utilitarian evalua­ country ? Basing himself mainly on American tions at the periphery. It must, forever, remain stressed repeatedly, that the Nazi offer of release of sizeable numbers of Jews was not made in experiences, Hilberg contrasts the process of ° debatable point whether Jews in sizeable destruction of a minority with that of its absorp­ "Umbers would have been released if trucks had good faith and that it would have been repudiated tion. He rightly observes: "The destruction °*cn made available in exchange. had the impossible been achieved, i.e., had com­ process had a tendency to accelerate in final modities been put up for exchange, had transport steps : absorption slows down as it reaches toward rhis is as far as the thoroughly documented been made available and had territory been set its goal." At the same time, how comparatively eport^ goes " about the people who destroyed the aside to receive the released masses. The testi­ irrelevant do internal frictions become when the rp^J u" Hilbere continues: "Not much will be mony of Hitler's " Will" carries more weight fate of mankind is at stake. In the concluding j^3d here about the victims." In regard to Hil- than Eichmann's defence. words of Prof, Hilberg: " The Jews can live more be ^g's verdict about the " victims " we reeret we ha The question, then, ensues: did the doomed freely now. They can also die more quickly. ^e to resister substantial qualifications." Com- Jews sell their lives as dearly as possible, in The summit is within sight. An abyss has opened other words, should they, or could they, have below," offered more organised resistance and less Page 2 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 RIGHT-WING EXTREMISTS IN GERMANY "ISRAELIS AND JEWS DIFFERENT" Israeli students studying in West Germany and German students met in Bergneustadt to discuss German-Jewish relations, Memorandum of Ministry of the Interior A member of a South German public opinion research institute told the students that the latest spreading of extreme right-wing trends. It there­ opinion polls had revealed that most West German The Federal Ministry of the Interior has citizens had adopted different attitudes towarcis published a detailed memorandum about right- fore sponsors and welcomes the efforts in this sphere made by the school authorities, the youth Israeli citizens ancl Jews in general. While Israelis wing and antisemitic activities during the year were described as courageous, hard-working an(l 1961. organisations and the trade unions. The Govern­ ment also co-operates with the Societies of upright, and admiration or respect for the Israeli Eighty-six neo-Nazi right-wing extremist nation was widespread, Jews outside the Jewish organisations, with a membership of about 35,400, Christians and Jews in Germany, the " Zentral­ rat " of the Jews in Germany and institutes such State were looked upon as lazy, dirty and functioned in West Germany at the end of last insidious. year (as against 54,200 at the end of 1959). The as the " Wiener Library " (London). It has lent groups published 46 newspapers or periodicals, its assistance to the publication of hterature, An Israeli speaker said that a similar attitude with a total circulation of 160,000. They employed including the preparation of a Handbook on could be found among Jews themselves. There about 225 journalists, writers and publishers. Judaism in the Past and Present and of records was a real danger that the unity of the Jewish The survey said that Right-wing forces in the of German Jews who perished under the Nazis. people would be destroyed because most young Republic were weak, disunited and unattractive, Israelis regarded themselves as Israeli citizens •ZENTRALRAT" SPOKESMEN CALL ON only and not as Jews. They looked down upon and had not so far been able to influence the Jews in general and tried to draw a clear distinc­ pohtical opinion of the masses. The importance MINISTER of Right-wing extremism was often overrated, tion between Israelis and " the Jews ",—(J,C.) especially abroad. On behalf of the " Zenti alrat" of the Jews in The groups had lost many members in recent Germany. Mr. Heinz Galinski and Dr. H. G, van FRIEDRICH EBERT MEMORL4L years, but the remaining followers had become Dam called on the Federal Minister of the In Heidelberg the house in which the first Presi­ more extreme as a result. This might lead to Interior. Mr. Hoecherl. According to the Press dent of the Weimar Republic, Friedrich Ebert. general " political extremism" in times of Bulletin of the Federal Government, the discussion was born, has been opened to the public as a economic crisis, the report considered. State centred around the position of the Jews in Ger­ Friedrich-Ebert-Gedenkstaette. The opening agencies for the protection of the constitution many " in the light of certain disquieting trends address was delivered by Federal President Dr, were, therefore, keeping a watchful eye on the which have become evident during the recent Luebke, and the guests at the ceremony included groups and fighting them with all possible legal past ", The Minister stressed that these tendencies the former Reichstagspraesident Paul Loebe, the means. were watched vigilantly by the Govemment. Prime Minister of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Kiesing'er. The authorities banned and dissolved 42 neo- and a son of Friedrich Ebert, the member of the Nazi groups. Attempts made to form a central ANTLSEMITISM AT ANTI-CRL'ELTY Baden Wuerttemberg Diet Karl Ebert. organisation to unite all groups had failed MEETING because of the absence of a strong leader. FRANKFURT UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENT Antisemitic newspapers, booklets and leaflets When at ;t meeting in Hamburg of the German were smuggled into Germany from Sweden. League for the Prevention of Cruelty Against Dr, Eleonore Sterling-Oppenheimer has been Britain, the United States, Spain, Argentina and Animals the opposition to ritual slaughter was appointed Lecturer for Political Education at the Egypt, and circulated among neo-Nazi groups. discussed, one of the delegates shouted: " The High School for Education of the Johann- Only few groups based their policy on racial Jews should go back to where they came from,"" Wolfgang-Goethe-Universitaet in Frankfurt. Dr. arguments, such as promoted by the Ludendorif This remark was greeted with thunderous Sterling-Oppenheimer, who was born in Heidel­ movement. On the other hand, the extreme right- applause by the majority of the delegates from berg, studied in New York and in Frankfurt and wing papers tried to counteract the impact of the all parts of the Federal Republic. for several years was attached to the Institute of Eichmann trial by publishing reports on crimes A spokesman for the Federal German Govern­ Political Science of Frankfurt University. Her allegedly committed by the Allies during the war. ment has expressed oflficial regret over the inci­ publications include the book " Er ist wie Du" dent. It was hoped, he said, that the legal (1956), a study of the early history of German Impact of Eichmann Trial authorities would carefully investigate the matter Antisemitism (1815-1850). In 1959 she was and take steps against the author of the incident. awarded the Leo Baeck Prize. Antisemitic and neo-Nazi incidents during the Meanwhile, the League has filed a complaint year (registered by the Federal Agency for the CHAIRS FOR JEWISH STUDIES Protection of the Republic) numbered 389, and against the " unknown " delegate who made the 303 persons concerned in the incidents have been remark at the meeting. It declared that opposi­ Chairs for Jewish studies are to be established identified. The fact that the number of incidents tion to ritual slaughter had no relationship to in the near future at the universities of West was particularly high between April and July is antisemitism.—(J.C.) Berlin and Frankfurt. A third chair at the attributed to the beginning of the Eichmann trial Munich University is planned for a later date.— during those months. GERMAN DRAFT PEACE TREATY 7 (J.C.) The police also arrested 1,083 persons involved The Social Dem

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Formulare sind erhaeltlich beim Austrian RefrtitmHiig: L L. FHUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. | FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION Desk, URO, 183/9 Finchley Rood, N.W.B. TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 60 EAST 42n4 ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y- AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA Dr. Guttmann Honoured ANTISEMITISM—AJEX WARNS EXHIBITION OF ISRAELI GOODS Dr. Ludwig Guttmann. C.B.E., Director of the A strong militant policy must be pursued b> The decision of the Economic Committee of the National Spinal Injury Centre at Stoke Mande­ the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen against Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland to ville, and a member of the Board of the AJR, was Fascist splinter groups now bent on active anti­ stage an Exhibition of Israeli Goods in North- presi^nted with a scroll contained in a wooden semitism, said Mr. F. Ashe Lincoln. Q.C. a West London will be welcomed by all sections of casket commemorating his admission as an Hon. Past President, when he spoke at the Association's the community. The public will thus be given Freeman of the Borough of Aylesbury. annual conference. an opportunit> to see a wide range of Israeli products, whose excellent quality and competitive The presentation was made at a special cere­ During a debate on anti-defamation, the break­ mony by the Mayor, Councillor Maurice Buck­ away from the British National Party of Colin prices have established a firm basis for steadily growing exports from Israel. ingham. Paying tribute to Dr. Guttmann, the Jordan, the Coventry schoolteacher and former Mayor said : " His work is world famous, and we organiser of the party, was mentioned by Mr. The Exhibition will be opened by the Israeli are just adding another honour to his steadily Martin Savitt, who reminded the conference that Minister in the United Kingdom. Mr. A, Miron. growing list." Tribute to Dr. Guttmann was also Jordan was to hold a meeting shortly in Trafalgar on Tuesday, June 19th. at 8 p.m, (see advertise­ paid by Councillor H. W. Poole, who said that Square of his new National Socialist Movement, ment on page ). We hope that this important the establishment of the annual Stoke Mandeville Jordan, said Mr. Savitt. was no longer content venture will meet with the success it so richh Games—the paraplegic Olympics—was a great to express his anti-Jewish views either in print or deserves, achievement, the results of which were testimony orally. There was no doubt that he meant to to Dr, Guttmann's great vision. In his reply Dr, form a " stormtrooper movement " in Britain. Guttmann recalled that he had come to this Mr. Savitt told the conference that Aje.K was PLEA FOR EICHMANN country as a refugee and thanked his fellow pressing the Board of Deputies Defence Committee An appeal to Israel for " an act of imaginative workers for their loyalty and co-operation. to make representations to the Commissioner of compassion" in reprieving Eichmann has been Police about the meeting with the hope of getting made by the Rector of Birmingham, Canon Bryan Aldermaston March it stopped. Green. A (delegate urged that action be taken by Ajex against such organisations as the B.N.P. by getting " It is not for us Gentiles to call on the Jewish Two distinctively Jewish groups marching under the police to invoke the appropriate section of the people to exercise clemency", stated Canon their own banners made their first appearance in Green in his Saturday religious article in "The this year's ban-the-bomb march of the Campaign Public Order Act. otherwise Jewish people might for Nuclear Disarmament, "o to these meetines and there could be trouble, Birmingham Post". " To do so would be impertinent, for we have never suffered as they, The Jewish Group was led by the Rev, Saul -a.c.) the whole race have. One may hope, however, Amias (its Chairman), Rabbi H. Reinhart (Vice- that perhaps their own experience of suffering Chairman) and Mr, Adrian Cohen (Hon, Secre­ AJ.A. COUNCIL MEETING may enable them to see here a chance of moral tary). They numbered about 150 marchers. The leadership, , . . To forgive the man who arranged Group, like most of the other marchers, mainly Fascist Literature Enquiry Urged the killings of millions of one's race would be consisted of young people, but there were also an act of imaginative compassion—it might be a number of elderly Jews and some couples with The President of the Anglo-Jewish Association. children in prams. Mr. R. N. Carvalho. has called for a Government so imaginative as even to move other people to inquiry into thc publishing and distribution of copy. Once more the rest of the world might The other Jewish contingent consisted of some Fascist literature. find itself in the debt of the Jewish race ".— 200 members of various Zionist youth movements. (J.C.) As in the four previous Aldermaston marches Addressing the newly elected Council of the there were, this year, quite a number of Jews who A.J.A, at Woburn House, London, he said that the took part as members of local C.N.D, groups or •ictivities of the neo-Nazi organisations in the JEWS' COLLEGE PRINCIPALSHIP of professional and trade organisations, Federal German Republic had been the subject of discussions with its Ambassador here as well Making his first public statement since the ^s of a Report issued recently by the Federal -ontroversy over the Principalship of Jews' College " Amnesty " Representative Ministry of the Interior itself (reported elsewhere came into' the open the Chief Rabbi, Dr, Israel m this issue). Brodie, told the annual meeting of the College's Dayan Dr. I. Grunfeld has been nominated by Both from those discussions and from the Governors and Subscribers that he had found him­ the Chief Rabbi to act as Trustee representing the Report. Mr, Carvalho stated, he was convinced self unable to accept the appointment of Dr. Jewish community on " Amnesty", the inter­ 'hat the Federal German Government was anxious Jacobs because of "his published views" and national movement for freedom of opinion and fo keep careful control of the resurgence of Nazi •• having regard to the standards of outstanding religion. ideas and of the danger of neo-Nazi organisations. scholarship and other qualifications required of a The movement is composed of people of all Mr, Carvalho said he would like to urce the candidate for the office of Principal". nationalities, politics, religions and social views, British Govemment to appoint a committee of The search for "a scholar of renown and high who are determined to work together in defence 'nquiry into the printing and publishing of anti- academic attainments willing to accept the Princi­ of freedom of the mind. Their aim is the world­ Semitic or anti-racial literature in this country and palship " had so far not proved successful, and wide implementation of Articles 18 and 19 of the into the whole question cf its distribution at home the Chief Rabbi urged that in the meantime Universal Declaration of Human Rights, confer­ and abroad. " recriminations and agitations which can only be ring on every citizen the right of freedom of In his Presidential statement Mr, Carvalho con­ detrimental to the College and to the community " opinion, refigion and expression, " Amnesty" demned the tendency of Diaspora Jewry to support should cease. wants to mobilise public opinion in defence of Israel "right or wrong" and to resent criticism Recently a letter was addressed to the Chief those men and women who are imprisoned of her actions—(J.C.) Rabbi by a large and representative group of because their ideas are unacceptable to their Jewish professors and other university teachers governments. POLISH-JEWISH VETERANS JOIN AJEX from the universities of Oxford. Cambridge, Lon­ don. Manchester. Edinburgh, Birmingham, Bristol, Luncheon in Honour of Professor Benfwich Discussions between Hon, Ofl^cers of the and Sussex. Among them were scholars in the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women fields of Jewish studies, the humanities and •Ajex) and the Polish-Jewish Ex-Servicemen's science. The letter expressed concern with the Professor Norman Bentwich was the guest of Association have resulted in the latter body's future of the Jewish community and that so many honour at the Anglo-Jewish Luncheon Club on affiliation to Ajex. Jewish students seek to lose their identity as the occasion of the publication of his auto­ Jews, all too often because their rehgious leaders biography. " My 77 Years ". . This is the outcome of many years' co-opera­ Speaking on changes in Anglo-Jewry during his tion between the two organisations. Although and ministers have failed to answer their questions. lifetime—79 years—he said that one of the greatest the Polish-Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Association The writers expressed belief in Dr, Louis Jacobs's changes was the place of Jews in British academic 5''''. retain its individual identity. Captain W, qualities to prevent this continual draining of the and scientific life and in the arts. When he was ^chindler. Chairman of the Polish veterans, has life-blood of the community. They felt that both at Cambridge there was but one Jewish don. "fen co-opted to the National Executive Council the needs of the community and Dr. Jacobs's Today the number of Jews in academic life could f'f Ajex.—(J.C.) already established influence in the community, be counted in thousands. especially among those of the younger generation, COMMON GROUND manifestiv pointed to his selection as the Principal Dr. Richard Barnett. in thanking Professor of Jews' College.—(J.C.) Bentwich. said that his career had been an The first function of the newly formed Finchley example of all that was best in Anglo-Jewry. ^ouncil of Christians and Jews was held at the tast Finchley Library, N.2, and Mr. Frank GERMAN ENVOY PROTESTS AGAINST Death of former Jews' College Principal .. °,"- Mayor of Finchley. presided. TV PLAY .''5^'hen we have banished ignorance from our Rabbi Dr, Isidore Epstein, the Past Principal of ""nds. we can more easily find the common The West German Ambassador. Dr. Hasso von Jews' College, died in London at the age of 68, gfound on which we can all agree," said Mr. Etzdorf, made a complaint to Sir Ivone Kirk­ He was associated with Jews' College for 33 years, 'J'bson. He stated that a letter was being sent to patrick, Chairman of ITA, against the recent anti- first as Lecturer in Semitic Languages and. from cnurches and synagogues setting out the aims of Nazi TV play about the return of Hitler, This 1948 onwards, as its Principal. He wrote a tne Council and asking for their supiport, and followed a request from the Embassy for a copy number of important books on Judaism, but his Whether there were certain religious festivals that of the script. The play, " Night Conspirators ". monumental work was the editorship of the Son­ occur in synagogues which it would be possible showed how Hitler might be helped back to power cino translation of the Babylonic Talmud into tor Christians to witness, and vice versa. by former Nazis in present-day Germany, English. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN ALGERIAN JEWRY The 0,A,S,. by its policy of intimidation, is preventing large numbers of jews, in common with PREJUDICE DENIED BY SOVIET JEWS PASSOVER IN MOSCOW other Europeans, from leaving Algeria, They It is reported by tourists who have arrived are being subjected to a terror campaign to force An open letter signed by five Jews who are back from Moscow that Passover was celebrated them to remain, Jewish leaders refuse to make prominent figures in Soviet science and culture, in that city with undiminished enthusiasm. The any comment on the situation for fear that an has been distributed by the Novosti Press Agency streets around the Great Synagogue in Moscow imprudent remark might bring dire repercussions. of Moscow. were packed with tens of thousands of Jews on On the other hand, the O.A.S. ranks are known They state that the number of Jewish scientists their way to attend Yizkor (memorial) services to include some Jews. Arrested at the same time engaged in all branches of the Soviet economy is on the last day of Pesach. as ex-General Salan was a Jewish oflficer, Robert 33,529. This is nearly as high as that of scientists Similar scenes are reported to have been wit­ Levy, thought to have occupied an important of Ukrainian nationality, although the Ukrainian nessed outside other synagogues in and around post in the Secret Army. population is nearly 15 times larger than the Moscow. In a number of streets the police, who A refugee from Algiers stated that the Jewish Jewish minority. The number of Jewish students were extremely co-operative, halted the traflfic and leaders who remain in Algiers do so as hostages in all the universities of the U.S.S.R. is given as allowed the crowds who could not enter the syna­ for the community. " We have to stay behind as over 77,000, considerably higher than the number gogues to pray in the streets. It is believed that hostages for the sake of those who cannot leave." of students of White Russia, which has a popula­ attendance in synagogues for Yizkor this year set said one leader, when he was asked to join a tion of nearly eight million people. a post-war record.—(J.C.) Jewish refugee from Algiers who has reached safety in France. Although the Jewish population of the U.S.S.R, PROTESTS IN NEW YORK The same refugee described the diflficulties constitutes just 1,1 per cent of the country's total encountered on leaving Algeria. It was necessary population, they provide 14,7 per cent of all Soviet In New York two separate protests were lodged to obtain permission from the O.A.S. to leave. doctors, 8,5 per cent of writers and journalists, against the Soviet Govemment for violation of " Civil servants, transport workers and even police­ 10,4 per cent of lawyers, 7 per cent of actors, human rights. A request was delivered to the men carry out O.A.S. orders." A number of musicians, artists and sculptors. Jews are also United States delegate to the Human Rights Com­ persons, including Jews, had been " executed " by well represented among the specialists with higher mission, to raise the question of Soviet antisemi­ the O.A.S. for not staying put. and secondary speciahsed education engaged in tism. And on behalf of the League for the Rights An application by a Jew for permission to leave the national economy. of Man, the Chairman of the organisation for Israel is likely to prove successful. If he desires The signatories to the open letter are Z. Ven- addressed a letter to U Thant, the U.N. Secretary- to go to France and is rich he pays the O.A.S, a drof, the veteran Russian-Yiddish writer and General, protesting against the Russian imposition heavy " tax" for permission. The middle class novelist; Lev Pulver, a leading Jewish composer of death sentences on persons for trivial offences, and the poor generally were refused permission, and former leader of the orchestra of the Yiddish (J.C.) A special conference of the United Fund of State Theatre in Moscow ; Professor Yosif French Jewry in Paris decided to launch an Braginsky, Editor-in-Chief of the journal " The PRIZES FOR ARTISTS AND SCIENTISTS Emergency Refugee Fund in an effort to meet the Peoples of Asia and Africa"; Professor Boris more urgent needs of the large number of Jewish Eidelman ; and Professor Ilya Strashun, a member The International Tchaikovsky Competition in refugees from North Africa who are streaming of the U.S,S,R, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow yielded several prizes for Jewish into France.—(J.C.) musicians. The letter opens with a declaration that all five Boris Gutnikov. a 28-year-old Jewish violinist FRANCE Soviet Jews had been prompted to write the joint from Leningrad, won the first prize for violin. statement primarily in order to refute the recent Shmuel Ashkenazi, of Israel, tied for second Jewish Minister in Cabinet accusations made by the American Senator, Jacob place with a Russian violinist, Irina Bochkova. Javits, on the position of Jews in the Soviet The first prize carries a money award of £1,000 The only Jewish Minister in the new French Union. " We read with indignation the allegations and also a tour of the Soviet Union. It is Government headed by M. Georges Pompidou is in the Westem Press about a campaign of anti­ expected that Gutnikov and Ashkenazi will give M. Michel Maurice Bokanowski, Minister of semitism in the U.S.S.R. " they state. "We declare performances in London. Industry. before the whole world : Soviet Jews do not need In the 'Cellist Section of the Competition, two Another Minister, M. Gilbert Grandval, who is any ' protectors' or ' patrons'. An objective other Jewish performers, Leslie Parnas of the Secretary of State, is also of Jewish origin.—(J.C.) observer cannot but admit that there is no Jewish United States and Valentin Fagan of the U.S.S.R,, problem in the Soviet Union. We, Soviet citizens tied for second place. Tribute to Martyrs of Jewish nationality, constitute a part of the Professor Landau, a leading Russian scientist, entire Soviet people." has been awarded the Lenin Prize for his contri­ The ceremony of inauguration of the Memorial The letter declares that thousands of Jews take bution to Russian science. Professor Yevgeni to the Martyrs of Deportation, to Auschwitz and part in running the State. In 1961, 7,623 Jews Lifshits was another Jewish physicist to win a other concentration camps, was held in Paris. were elected as Deputies of the local organs of top prize. Emil Gilels, the famous Soviet-Jewish President de Gaulle and several members of the the Soviet Government, There are Jews among pianist, and Lev Kerbel, the sculptor, were French Government, and Dr. Jacob Kaplan, Chief the Deputies of the Supreme Soviets of the awarded prizes for their contributions to art and Rabbi of France, participated in the ceremony. Ukrainian, White Russian, Lithuanian and other literature, Ashes from thirty Nazi concentration camps Republics, The letter gives the names of the A major award was also given to Professor were brought to the memorial and the names of following as Jewish members of the Supreme B, M. Levitan. of the Moscow State University, the camps are inscribed on the walls of the crypt. Soviet: Benjamin Dymshits, who is also a Hero and Professor A. V. Pogorelov, head of a depart­ The crypt is the largest and most impressive of the Soviet Union ; General Yakov Kreiser ; ment of the Physio-Technical Institute of Low memorial built in Paris for several years. It is Rebecca Vishchinikina, Ilya Ehrenburg, Ilya Temperatures at the Ukrainian Academy of concealed underground, on the He de la Cit6, Yagudin, Heinrich Zimmis and Ilya Belyavichus, Sciences, which is in the heart of Paris.—(J.C.) With regard to religion, the letter denies that Altogether over 20 Jews have been awarded Chief Rabbi Honoured there is any persecution of Judaism, and maintains Leni/i Prizes for 1962.—(J.C) that it is placed " in the same conditions as the Dr. Jacob Kaplan. Chief Rabbi of France, has Orthodox, Moslem, Catholic, or any other BULGARIAN HERO REMEMBERED been made a Commander of the Legion of Honour, religion ".—(I.C.) This is the first time that this honour has been Tributes to the memory of Emil Shekerdjisky, conferred on a French rabbi,—(J,C.) a young Jewish soldier killed while fighting fascism in Bulgaria, were paid in Sofia on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his birth. MEMORIAL IN SALONIKA Your House for-.— Among the organisations who co-operated in organising a gala evening, were the Union of The Salonika Jewish community has dedicated CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO Bulgarian Writers, the Union of Bulgarian a memorial to the 50,000 Jews who were deported Joumalists, the Museum of the Revolutionary from the city during the Second World War and UPHOLSTERY Movement in Bulgaria, the Municioal Committee murdered in the gas chambers of Auschwitz. SPECIALITY of Fighters aeainst Fascism and Capitalism, the The memorial consists of a monolithic block of Central Jewish Council of Bulearia, and the Pantelicon marble about 34 feet at the base and CONTINENTAL DOWN Jewish Cultural Circle of Sofia,—(J.C.) about 15 feet in height, and bears inscriptions in both Greek and Hebrew. It stands in the centre QUILTS! PRAGLIE DESECRATION DENIED of the cemetery which the community made after the war. The old cemetery was desecrated and ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Reports that the old Jewish cemetery in the comolete'y destroyed in 1943 on the orders of the Ziskov quarter of Prague had been desecrated Nazis,—(J,C.) [STIMAteS FKEl were denied by Rabbi Baruch Farkas, Chief Rabbi of Prague. CZECH GREETINGS DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Rabbi Farkas. who was visiting Israel, told a Press agency there that only one tombstone had The Central Committee of the Czech Co­ 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK been broken and no swastikas had been daubed. operative Movement sent Passover ereetincs to Telephone : ARN, 6671 He had been promised by the authorities that the the Israeli Co-operative Movement, The cable of damaee would be reoaired and that a wall would greetings expressed the hope for closer co-opera­ Pcraonal attention of Mr. W. Schichmann, be built around the cemetery to keep out tion between the co-operative movements in Israel hooligans.—(J.C.) and Czechoslovakia.—(J C.) AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 5 NEWS FROM ABROAD ZURICH BAJNS VEIT HARLAN FILM In 1952 and again in 1959 attempts were made DANGERS IN SOUTH AMERICA JEWS IN SPAIN in Ziirich to show films of the " Jud Suess" producer Veit Harlan. On both occasions these attempts failed, and in 1959 strong protests A waming that the unstable political situation Since the announcement of the formation of an resulted in the ban of the filiji " Das dritte in Argentina accompanied by a struggle for power equivalent of the Council of Christians and Jews, Geschlecht", which deals with the problem of between different social groups might herald a a changing more friendly atmosphere in the homosexuality. An appeal, lodged by the owner fresh wave of antisemitism, was delivered by Dr. relationship between the Spanish Catholic Church of the cinema, was in so far successful Isaac Goldenberg. President of the Delegacion de and the Jews has begun to pervade the Spanish as the Administrative Court referred the matter Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas (D.A.I.A.). scene. back to the Ziirich municipal authorities because Dr. Goldenberg was speaking at a three-day The Haham, Dr. S. Gaon, who took part in the the reasons given for the ban were considered conference of D.A.I.A. held in Cordoba and deliberations which led to the formation of this unjustified. The Zurich Council first lifted the attended by 87 delegates representing 22 com­ organisation, implied this on his return to London, ban, but when the performance was recenth' munities. The main item on the agenda was the after visiting both France and Spain on behalf of announced anew, demonstrations started again, explosive situation in Latin America following the World Sephardi Organisation. sponsored not only by the Socialist and Jewish the overthrow of President Frondizi's regime. In an interview with " The Jewish Chronicle " youth organisations as in 1959, but by many other sections of the population. Under the leadership A similar warning was also voiced by Senor he stated that he felt that this was a move not so of regional and municipal deputies, a special Marc Turkow. Director of the South American much for furthering relationships between Actions Committee was formed which comprised branch of the World Jewish Congress. He referred Catholics and Jews in Spain, but to bring about most of the Zurich political parties as well as the to the alarming indifference of sections of the a close " brotherhood" between the two faiths. Federation of Trade Unions, the Association of Jewish community. The favourable Spanish Press given to the Swiss Actors, the Zurich Teachers' Association It was later agreed by the meeting that there announcement that this body has been formed and the local Jewish congregation. The only should be a campaign to inform Argentina's Jews had, said Dr. Gaon, produced an awareness among political parties which did not participate were the of the dangers inherent in the situation. the ordinary Spanish people of the presence of Communist Party, which has very few followers Jews in their midst. in Zurich, and the " Bauern- und Buerger- Dr. Cecil Roth, addressing a public meeting in partei", a right-wing party which, in the past, Baltimore under the auspices of the B'nai B'rith. There were some 4,000 Jews in Spain, 1,000 of occasionally gave venture to pro-Fascist and pro- stated that South America, particularly Argentina, them in Madrid and the others mainly in Bar­ Nazi views. tnay well be the scene of an outbreak of violent celona, There was a revival of Jewish religious antisemitism. Nazi propaganda, militaristic interest and synagogues were well attendied. Since The demonstrations were attended by hundreds ambitions, and the medieval religious fanaticism the war, said Dr. Gaon, Spanish Consuls abroad of persons. They took an orderly and dignified of the population, could combine to create anti­ had carried out the instructions of the Franco course, and many police officers on duty obviously semitic excesses in Argentina. Government to allow visas to Spanish Sephardi sympathised with the demonstrators. The police According to the Director of the American Jews who wished to settle in Spain. About half took action against a gang which was engaged by Jewish Committee's Latin American oflfice. Mr, of Spain's Jews were business men who had come the cinema owner and which tried to intimidate the Abraham Monk, antisemitism in South America in recent years from North African countries, demonstrators. A suggestion made by the cinema generally and particularly in Argentina is at bringing their business and wealth with them. owner as a compromise, to show the film only on present at its highest level since the end of the Dr. Gaon also reported progress in culture and weekday afternoons, was rejected by the Com­ Second World War. Reporting to the Com­ scholarship. mittee. As the demonstrations steadily gained mittee's 55th annual meeting in New York, Mr. momentum and a flood of protests reached the Monk saici that in Argentina the Frondizi Govern­ DISCRIMINATION IN THE U.S.A. authorities and the Press, the City Council finally ment had not interfered with the activities of the decided to ban the film, this time because " the neo-fascist Tacuara. Even in Brazil, traditionally The American-Jewish Committee has urged the performance of Veit Harlan productions rightly free of religious and racial bias, " Jewish U.S.A. Govermnent to take anti-tmst action runs against the moral feelings of the citizens cemeteries were recently desecrated ". These were against those sections in the Washington property and is therefore beneath the dignity of the Zurich the worst antisemitic incidents ever recalled in business who practise racial and religious dis­ population ". A decision based on such reasons Brazil, was in accordance with the requirements of the crimination. According to the Hon, President Administrative Court. A wave of antisemitic provocation in Lanus, of the A,J.C.. a pattern of planned housing dis­ near Buenos Aires, reached its climax when neo- crimination exists against Jews. Negroes and Thus, the fight against the Harlan films has Nazis bombed the Jewish cultural centre. Gangs members of other minority groups, in at least come to a satisfactory conclusion in Zurich. The organised by the Tacuara threw two incendiary 13 residential areas,—(J,C.) outcome is hardly impaired by the fact that Swiss hombs into the building. Following this incident Radio was instrumental in spreading hypocritical and the appearance of a number of Nazi slogans CHRISTIAN-JEWISH COUNCIL IN statements by Harlan and lame excuses by the cinema owner, and that some papers, such as the daubed on walls, communal leaders have asked SAO PAULO the Governor of the province to guarantee the •' Zurcher Woche", tried to raise public opinion safety of Jewish citizens.—(J.C.) against the activities of the Actions Committee. Catholics, Protestants. Orthodox Christians and The bomb attack made against the cinema after Jews have founded a Christian-Jewish Fraternity the ban was, of course, not the Committee's Council in Sao Paulo. This is a non-pohtical body responsibility and seems very much like a provo­ bringing close rmembers of different denominations cation a la " Reichstaasbrand " and promoting understanding and good wiU amons faiths,—(J.C.) WALTER GYSSLING (Zurich). Ackermans GEIVEVA MEM0RL4L ITALIAN VICTIMS REMEMBERED A memorial to the six million Jewish victims A memorial service was held at the Ardeatine of Nazism is to be built in the Jewish cemetery Caves in Rome in memory of the Jews and other of Veyrier. (Geneva. This was decided at a meet­ Chocolates Resistance fighters massacred there in 1943 by ing of the General Assembly of the Geneva the Nazis in retaliation for an ambush by partisan Jewish community. It is hoped that the memorial De Luxe units. will be consecrated next year on the 20th anniver­ Rabbi Elio Toaff, Chief Rabbi of Rome, con­ sary of the Warsaw Ghettto Uprising, Other IN BEALTIFULLV ducted the service, which was attended by rela­ Swiss cities which have such memorials arc DESIGNED tions of the dead, leaders of the Italian Jewish Zurich, St. Gallen and Chaux-de-Fonds.—(J.C.) community, and representatives of the civil and PRESENTATION military authorities.—(J.C,) AUSCHWITZ CAMP MONUMENT BOXES Dr. Leopold Infeld, the Jewish atomic scientist EXTREMISTS UNITE and former associate of Albert Einstein, has been MARZIPAN elected a member of a committee which is to At a meeting of representatives of Mosley's build a monument to victims of Nazi terror who SPECIALITIES Union Movement, the Reichspartei of Germany, died at the Auschwitz and Brzezinka death camps. Jeune Europe, the Movement d'Action Civique of The Chairman of the Committee is Professor BAUMKUCHEN Belgium, and the Movemento Socialiste Italiano Kotarbinski, President of the Polish Academy of of Italy, held in Venice, the extremist political Sciences. groups united to form " The National Party of The Committee has been entrusted with pre­ Europe ". 43. KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., paring the scheme for the erection of a monu­ LONDON, W.I The participants decided to establish a Euro­ ment. It is expected that the work will start pean liaison bureau as soon as possible, and some time this year and will be finished in WES, 4359 and resolved that they should meet every two months. January. 1964. to coincide with the anniversary of 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, The conference also recommended that the parties the liberation of the .Auschwitz camp by the Hed represented should change their names to "The Army. Former inmates of the Auschwitz camp FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.« National Party of Europe ". The British. Belgian from abroad were invited to participate in a two- MAI 2742 and German delegates expressed their intention to day plenary session of the International Auschwitz submit this recommendation to their parties.—(J.C.) Committee recently held in Warsaw,—(J.C.) Pace 6 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 THE GERMAN SCENE AUSTRIAN NEWS NAZI CRIMINALS IN GERMAN POLICE TRIAL OF EICHMANN AIDE FORMER BELGIAN S.S. GENERAL In a memorandum to the State Parliament of Otto Hunsche, said to be a former collaborator ARRESTED Baden-Wurttemberg, seventeen leading North of Adolf Eichmann, is to stand trial in Frankfurt German jurists, including the Chief Prosecutor of for complicity in the murder of some 1,200 Hun­ Robert Verbelen, former S.S. General and leader Hamburg, Dr. Koch, allege that a large number garian Jews. He is alleged to have kept members of the division Langemarck, was arrested in of persons who took an active part in Nazi of the Hungarian Jewish Council in the S.S. offices Vienna. He was the most important of the crimes are still serving in the 'West German in Budapest on a pretext while the 1,200 Jews accused in a trial of 62 leaders of the Belgian S.S. police force. The State Parliament of Baden- were being deported from a camp at Kistarcsa to which took place in Belgium in 1947/8, when he Wiirttemberg severely criticised a public prose­ Auschwitz.—(J.C.) was sentenced to death in absentia. Verbelen had cutor. Dr. Just-Dahlmann, for having made fled to Germany in 1944 and, from 1945 onwards, similar accusations against the German police last NEO-NAZI LEADER ARRESTED lived in Austria. He was identified by former autumn. Belgian resistance fighters, who tumed over the The jurists declared that the prosecutor's Peter Bernau, aged 21, a neo-Nazi youth leader case to the Austrian legal authorities. criticism was corroborated by the fact that a large who recently escaped to Egypt, was rearrested number of police officials charged with Nazi when he arrived in Frankfurt. HISTORY OF AUSTRIAN RESISTANCE crimes had been arrested in recent years. They Bernau was head of the " National-Jugend also knew from their own knowledge and experi­ Deutschlands " in West Berlin, which was banned The Austrian Government has decided to ence that an " alarming number " of oflficials who as neo-Nazi and anti-constitutional some time ago. publish the history of the Austrian Resistance had participated in Nazi crimes were still active Because of ill-health Bernau was allowed bail, movement against the Nazi regime. The publica­ in the police force. and disappeared.—(J.C.) tion will be ready in 1965, the twentieth Dr. Filbinger, the Interior Minister in Baden- anniversary of the re-establishment of the Austrian Wurttemberg, has criticised the memorandum, CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS State. stating that it contained generalisations and dis­ Announcing the scheme. Dr. Broda, the Minister tortions which would only sow distrust, instead of Trials have been opened by the Saarbruecken of Justice, who is a member of the committee of serving the community.—(J.C.) Criminal Court against two former members of Cabinet members formed to implement the pro­ the German Security Police in Eastern Galicia. ject, said that the book would be a contribution BELZEC SURVIVORS SOUGHT Koellner and Beckmann. They are accused of towards strengthening confidence in the new State. having murdered 20 Jewish men, women, and —(J.C.) Survivors from the former Nazi concentration children. Koellner, who pleaded not guilty, camp at Belzec, Poland, are sought by the World ANTI-JEWISH FEELINGS Jewish Congress. They are needed to give evi­ claimed that he had never been interested in dence against some of the S.S. men now being fKslitics and, though he admittedly joined the S.S. charged with the Belzec massacres. The investi­ in 1933, that he had been an adversary rather According to a youth magazine enquiry among gation is being conducted in Munich. The accused than a follower of the Nazi regime. hundreds of boys and girls, 40 per cent of include S.S.-Obersturmfuehrer Josef Oberhauser, In Verdun the former S.S. Obersturmbannfuehrer Austrian young people show cautious, formulated, Hans Girtzig, S.S.-Unterscharfuehrer Heinrich Heinrich Wessel is on trial. He was an oflficer at but noticeable antisemitic tendencies. Gley, S.S.-Unterscharfuehrer Heinrich Unverhau, the Sachsenhausen Concentration (3amp from 1942 This information was disclosed during a dis­ Werner Dubois, Robert Juehrs and Karl Schluch. !o 1945, According to the prosecution he is guilty cussion organised by the Vienna Chamber of Anyone who has information about these men is of the death of many inmates, particularly during Labour. AH the speakers showed concern that requested to contact Dr. N. Robinson, Director of the last days of the war, when 2,000 exhausted the Nazi past had not been overcome. The blame the World Jewish Congress, Institute of Jewish inmates were shot by the camp personnel. was put on teachers and parents. Affairs, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28.—(J.C.) The older generation were accused of not MARTYRED NUN OF JEWISH ORIGIN daring to inform young people about the horrible SENTENCES ON MURDERERS In the Roman Catholic church of Porz- past. There were many centres, said participants Hermann Mair, a former company leader of Zundorf, near Bonn, two stained-glass windows in the discussion, where sheer Nazism was the Nazi militia and a Storm Troop officer, was have been installed depicting a Carmelite sister, preached. convicted in Bonn of complicity in the murder of Edith Stein, who was gassed in Auschwitz. All s(>eakers demanded that in Austrian schools a Jewish concentration camp prisoner in Austrij Edith Stein entered the Carmelite Order in 1922. contemporary history should be taught so that in 1945 and sentenced to seven years' hard was arrested in Holland in 1942 and deported to youth should be made aware of the full details labour. The murder was committed during the Auschwitz. The windows show two SS guards of National Socialist deeds and crimes. The " death march " of prisoners of the concentration and the nun who wears the striped concentration problem of neo-Nazism should not be minimised. camp at Mauthausen. camp garb with the yellow star " Jude" on her ^(J.C.) In Giessen a former Kapo at the Nazi concen- breast. tration camp of Sachsenhausen, Otto Duempel- RESISTANCE FIGHTERS MEET mann, was sentenced to two years and six months ANTISEMITIC REFUGEES A delegation of the Intemational Union of hard labour for murdering a Polish fellow- According to an oflficial report of the Federal Resistance Fighters and Deportees arrived in prisoner in the spring of 1945. Ministry of the Interior a number of extremist Vienna for the anniversary of the re-establishment In Munich a former member of the S.S.. antisemitic organisations of refugees from Eastem of the Austrian Republic. The delegates met Diederich Scholz. was convicted of the attempted Europe exist in Western Germany. the Austrian President and placed wreaths on the murder of a Yugoslav prisoner-of-war in Norway The groups, whose membership is small, are con­ memorial to the murdered Resistance fighters and in 1942 and sentenced to four years' hard labour. ducting antisemitic activities in Germany and in victims of Nazism.—(J.C.) —(J.C.) other Westem countries, the rejKjrt says.—(J.C.) S,S. OFFICER RELEASED RAVENSBRUCK EXHIBITION HEINRICH STAHL PRIZE FOR ALBRECHT The former S.S.-Obergruppenfuehrer Wilhelm GOES An exhibition of life at the Ravensbrtick con­ Koppe, who had been under arrest for the past centration camp was shown in Vienna. Numerous two years and who is to be tried by the The poet Albrecht Goes was awarded this year's photographs showed the sufferings of some of the Bonn Criminal Court, has been released on bail. Heinrich Stahl, Prize of the Berlin Jewish Com­ 140,000 women and children from 23 countries He is suspected of having been an accessory to munity. His works include the story " Das who passed through the camp. the murder of Jews in the Kulmhof and Soldau Brandopfer". based on the persecution of the Part of the exhibition was devoted to the Concentration Camps. The trial is not expected Jews under the Nazis. The ceremony took place development of Nazism, showing how Austria lost to start before the middle of next year. on the CKxasion of the Memorial Meeting for the her independence in 1938. Lectures were given anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, held each day about Nazism and the revival of neo- COMPLICITY IN MASS MURDER in the Berlin Jewish Community Centre. Nazism. Hundreds of people, many of them Martin Fellenz, a former S.S. oflficer, has been young persons, visited the show daily.—(J.C.) charged in Flensburg with complicity in the mass LORD SILKIN AT BERLIN COMMUNITY murder of Jews in Poland during the war. CENTRE "NO BUTTERFLIES" He is alleged to have participated in the On the occasion of his stay in Berlin at the "Butterflies Are Not .Flying Here" is the extermination of the Jewish population in the invitation of the Federal Govemment and the Cracow district in the summer of 1942 and is poignant title of an exhibition held in Vienna of Berlin Senate, Lord Silkin paid a visit to the poems and sketches by Jewish children, aged accused of having organised and supervised mass Berlin Jewish Community Centre, He was wel­ deportations, in the course of which Jews were 11 to 13. made while awaiting death at the comed by the Chairman, Mr. Heinz Galinski. who Theresienstadt concentration camp during the l^st either killed on the spot or taken to extermina­ informed him about the work of the community, tion camps near Lublin. war. The title of the exhibition is the first line of a poem by one of the camp's child victims. Investigations against Fellenz were started by RETURNEES FROM BOLIVIA the Central Agency for Investigation of Nazi Out of about I5,0(X) Jewish children who were in Crimes some years ago. The case became public To maintain personal contacts with each other, the camp, only about 100 survived. two years ago when Fellenz visited Britain as a Jews in Berlin who had found refuge in Bolivia The exhibition has been organised by the Pragu* member of a Schleswig Municipality delegation. during the years of persecution have founded a Jewish State Museum, and has been visited by He subsequently gave himself up to the police.— group which is to hold regular gatherings in the leading personalities, including Members of Par­ (J.C.) Community Centre. liament.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 7 BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES Old Acquaintances

^ EDUARD SPRANGER ^ FOR KARL THEODOR BLUTH'S This and That: Seventy years ago the first 70th BIRTHDAY " Aschinger " restaurant opened in Berlin ; a beer For his SOth Birthday on June 27, 1962 was ten Pfennig and the famous pea-soup 30 In the late 'twenties in Germany an adapted Pfennig. Now there are only two " Aschingers " When Eduard Spranger resigned from his post proverb was current in " Romanische" cafd left in West Berlin and the soup costs 90 Pfennig. as Rector of Berlin University, which had circles: " Der Becher geht so lange zum Bronnen, —Visitors to Vienna's State Opera are often so reopened in the Eastern Zone, and accepted a bis er Bluth brecht". The saying is now sunk improperly dressed that the ushers hire out chair at Tuebingen University in 1946. " Berlin as deep in oblivion as, unjustly, the name of the ties.—Olga Tschechowa, discovered by Eric only survivor of those four years, the lyric-poet, Pommer for "Schloss Vogeloed", is at 65 the University ", wrote Paul Fechter, " lost one of its youngest great-grandmother and still going most remarkable figures, and the younger genera­ dramatist, philosopher and doctor Karl Theodor Bluth, who recently celebrated his 70th birthday. strong; she runs cosmetic factories in Munich. tion in the East a cultural leader, whose influence Vienna and Milan. on them could have been a decisive factor at this Born on May 5th, 1892, in Berlin, Bluth first critical time ". (" An der Wende Zeit. Menschen studied philosophy and the history of literature, Home News: Agnes Bernelle gave a solo per­ und Begegnungen ", p. 177.) graduated at Jena in 1913 and came early under formance of Brecht songs at The Establishment.— the influence of Max Scheier, Georg Sinmiel, Richard Tauber's widow. Diana Napier, dis­ The man who made this decision had already Emst Cassirer and then Erich Unger. For a time covered unknown and unpublished scores and been acknowledged as one of the leading philo­ he was associated with George's circle and was songs by her late husband amongst his papers.— sophers, psychologists and p>edagogues of our later linked by years of friendship with Ludwig Thomas Kempinski has scored a personal success time. Born in Berlin, where he studied, he was Kirchner, Alfred Doeblin, Joh. R. Becher, Franz in Lionel Bart's new musical "Blitz!"—Arthur deeply influenced bv two masters of philosophy Blei and Paris Guetersloh. Brauner of Berlin is co-producer of " The Brain ", and intellectual history, Wilhelm Dilthey and Bluth's name first became known in literary together with Raymond Stross. The film is Friedrich Paulsen. Spranger entered the academic circles through two volumes of lyrics, published scripted by Kurt Siodmak and stars Peter van career and taught most successfully at the uni­ in Weimar, "Andante" (1917) and "Buch der Eyck. Anne Heywood and Ellen Schwiers,—One versities of Berlin and Leipzig, and again Berlin. Gnade" (1919), which were distinguished by of Vicky's " Evening Standard " cartoons has been In particular, his lectures on the history of peda­ beauty of language and a marked power of acquire(l by New York's Metropolitan Museum. gogics attracted large numbers of students, because expression. They were followed in 1923 by he dealt with education within the framework of " Dichtungen", poems published by the Insel .\eirs from Everyichere: Dr. Eugen Guerster. universal European cultural history. Those Verlag. former Cultural Attach^ at the German Embassy teachers and educationalists who had the good About this time Leopold Jessner had perceived in London, has retired from the diplomatic ser­ fortune to be trained by him have always realised the dramatist in Bluth and under Jessner's vice,—Oscar Strauss's " Walzertraum " is again a they owe the best in themselves to him. management his play " Die Empoemng des success in Paris, though the Twist is performed in Lucius" had its premifere in the Berlin State the current production,—Lilian Harvey is appear­ His first magnum opus, " Wilhelm von Hum­ Theatre in 1924. In spite of the brilliance of the ing in Pierre Buerki's "Eine Frau ohne Tadel" boldt und die Humanitaetsidee". brilliantly cast, it caused an uproar such as had previously in Biel-Solothurn,—Robert Stolz will conduct a expounded the ethical system of classical idealism, been almost unknown in the Berlin theatre. Right- concert " Von Johann Strauss bis Robert Stolz " while a supplementary volume. " Wilhelm von wing radicals created a rampus over the piece, the on June 24 at the conclusion of the Viennese Humboldt und die Reform des Bildungswesens". theme of which—rejection of all dictatorship—-diii Festival,—Marlene Dietrich is again a tremendous depicted that very learned statesman as the success in Paris, where she has been singing.— not suit them. The mob won the day and the Erich Kaestner is in Switzerland recovering from founder of a modem system of higher education. play was taken off. Several years later, another In the wake of Dilthey he won fame as a his recent illness.—Tom Pevsner directed his first play of his, " Die Nacht iiber dem Kreml". film in Germany. " Finden Sie, dass Constance co-developer of the so-called " Strukturpsycho- became a success. logie " ; in his standard work. " Lebensformen ". sich richtig verhaelt ? " starring Lilli Palmer, he analysed the basic types of human character After the National Socialist seizure of power. Pevsner was bom in Dresden 36 years ago and and behaviour, while in his " Psychologic des Dr. Bluth found himself obliged to seek asylum was educated in England: he was Billy in England, though neither politically nor Wilder's assistant for the past ten years. Jugendalters" he made a comprehensive survey •' racially " tainted. He worked here for many of the problems of modern youth. According to years as a doctor in provincial hospitals before he Germany: W. Dieterle is to produce " Florian him " there exists a creative understanding that became naturalised and could set up in London Geyer" at the Bad Hersfeld Festival this year.— raises the individuality upwards from its initial as a nerve specialist. To his companions in mis­ Grete Mosheim will appear in Duerrenmatt's stage to the realisation of its latent powers ". fortune he has always been an unselfish, helpful " Besuch der alten Dame" in Cologne,—Hilde Owing to his authority in the field of education, friend and adviser. Knef will star in Vera Caspary's " Laura" on his expert opinion was often sought in court: e.g.. Since his emigration Bluth has come forward r.V.—^Trude Kolman has been invited by Jt caused a sensation when, in the notorious with several publications in German and English. Munich's State Theatre to produce Bahr's "Kon­ Berlin-Steglitz teenagers' tragedy in 1928. he An essay entitled " Leibniz, der Europaer" zert ".—Theo Lingen directed and acted in declared that " in some form or other every appeared in 1943 in the Collection "In Roussin's " Schule der Ehe " at Berlin's Renais­ human being is tainted with the inclination to Tyrannos ", published by H. J. Rehfisch ; another, sance-Theater.—Hanover is showing an exhibition murder ". " The Revival of Schelling", appeared in the of cartoons by E. O. Plauen (Erich Ohser) of periodical " Horizon ". In 1947 a new volume of " Vater und Sohn" fame. Plauen committed Among his contemporaries two great Jews poems, " Gesang vom Staub ", came out in Ham­ suicide in Moabit prison in 1944, at the age of attracted his attention: Freud and Buber. His burg and Bluth followed this up in 1949 with a 41.—88-year-old Eugen Spiro has been com­ Jugendpsychologie" testifies to his intensive prose work in English: " The Horse's Tale " and missioned to paint a portrait of the Mayor of study of Freud's theories. Martin Buber, held in Aachen. Sreatest esteem by Spranger, exerted a strong another volume of lyrics, " Gang des Lebens ". influence over receptive types of German youth ; It is our sincerest birthday wish that Bluth may Milestones: Michael Bohnen, baritone and ^t the same time Spranger's approach appealed to be spared for many more years of creative work. former film star, was made an honorary member Prominent members of the German Jewish youth , W. STERNFELD. of Berlin's State Opera on the occasion of his movement, (cf. Elivahu Maoz, Die Werkleute. 75th birthday.—Irene Triesch, the actress, widow lear Book IV of the Leo Baeck Institute. 1959. 65th BIRTHDAY OF ROBERT NEUMANN of pianist Frederic Lamond, celebrated her 85th P- 169.) birthday in Switzerland ; during the war she lived The author Robert Neumann recently cele­ in Scotland,—Dr, Richard Huelsenbeck, one of . As Spranger was an adherent of the idea of the brated his 65th birthday. He was bom in Vienna the founder members of the Dada movement, mdividual's moral responsibility, he was, unlike and came to this country as a refugee when the became 70 in New York where he now lives.— Heidegger and Kuehnemann. uncompromising in Nazis marched into Austria. Before 1933 he Hans Sahl. who has adapted the works of Thorn­ ms opposition to Nazism. To avoid its evils he became well known by his parodies of poets and ton Wilder, John Oshorn, Tennessee Williams **nt temporarily to Japan as a lecturer; on his authors, published in two collections (" Mit and others for the German stage, turned 60 in return he joined the German resistance movement fremden Fedem " and " Unter falscher Flagge "). New York. Bom in Dresden, he started his His works also include descriptions of the refugee career in 1927 as the film critic of Berlin's and was in close contact with Ulrich von Ha^el. tragedy (" By the Waters of Babylon"), an In consequence, he was placed under arrest for " Montag Morgen " ; he is theatre correspondent some time. historical novel (" Die Freiheit und der General ") for several German dailies : two years ago he and a documentary about the Third Reich. published his first novel " Die Wenigen und die en *" ^^ '^°'^* ^y these dreadful experi- Vielen ". FELLOWSHIP FOR DR. ERWIN ROSENTHAL a°^*5- he set himself after the war to contribute Obituary: Lili Marberg, a member of the Burg ^s a philosopher to the reconstmction of the badly Dr. Erwin I. J. Rosenthal, Reader in Oriental from 1911 to 1950, has died in Vienna at the age uamaged fabric of Central European civilisation. Studies at Cambridge University, was elected a of 84.—Michael Curtis, who was awarded an G^r ^" ^^ ^^^ highly honoured in Federal Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Dr. " Oscar " for his direction of " Casablanca ", has a ^t^any—he received the Goethe Prize in 1952 Rosenthal, who was bom in Heilbronn, is the died in Hollywood aged 72. Bora as Kertecz in mi;-,^^^ .'"^''e a 'anight of the Orden pour le author of several important works on Hebrew, Hungary, he began his career with Alexander s^„"? Fnedensklasse—it was not onlv as an out- Arabic and Oriental studies. The AJR, in whose Korda after the first war.—Emil Bieber, the well- wnamg scholar and academic teacher, but also efforts he has always taken an active interest known Berlin photographer, has died in Cape decp^ "i^n who stood for human dignity and and with which he has co-operated on various Town at the age of 84.—Erich Muehsam's widow, twJl'^^ j^' ^ *""^ *'^^" t^^y were most occasions extends its sincerest congratulations to Zenzl, has died in Pankow where she lived since f3v„ "^^^ ^t"' ^ho subsequently decided in Dr. Rosenthal on his achievement by which he her retum from Russia. 'avour of the West against the East. has, at the same time, added lustre to the name DR. F. FRIEDLANDER. of our communitv. PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962

Friedrich Walter In die Vorgange, die zu diesem, wie ich es verstehe, symbolischen Sichwiederfinden-und Erkennen des Deutschen im JUdischen, des JUEDISCHES SCHICKSAL Judischen im Deutschen fUhren, ist zudem noch die Geschichte eines algerischen Rebellen ver- woben, der in Paris einen politischen Mord began­ gen hat. Er halt sich vor der Polizei versteckt, ZWEI ROMANE eine junge Israelin und ein deutscher Arzt vcr- helfen ihm zur Flucht aus Frankreich nach Angehka Schrobsdorff, die jugendliche Autorin Dienst an ihren Mitmenschen hatten bewahren Deutschland. des autobiographischen Romans " Die Herren "* konnen. Nichts dergleichen. Die heimatliche Der gleichnishafte Zweck, dem auch diese ist die Tochter eines deutschen Vaters und einer Umwelt, ihre allmahliche Gesundung wie ihre Nebenhandlung dienen soil, vieldeutig wie er sein judischen Mutter. In der Figur der jungen fortwirkenden oder neu entstehenden Krankheits- mag, ist unverkennbar. Entspricht er der Haupt- Eveline Clausen hat sie sich selbst und einen symptome, dies alles bildet nichts weiter als eine handlung, erganzt und bereichert er sie ? Teil ihrer Lebensgeschichte so darzustellen ver­ fliichtig einskizzierte Hintergmndskulisse, vor der Um dieselbe Frage anders zu stellen und sie sucht, dass sich ein Stiick Zeitgeschichte darin das Liebesleben von Eveline Clausen einen immer dadurch vielleicht zu erweitem : Hat Melita wiederspiegeln soil. Die Jahre der Emigration breiteren Raum einnimmt. und des Krieges, wahrend derer sie mit ihrer Maschmann ihren Stoff—man ist fast versucht zu Mutter in Bulgarien lebte, wo sie beide vielfacher Die Scheidung von dem amerikanischen OflBzier, sagen : ihren Rohstoff—zum Kunstwerk, ihre Not und standiger Gefahrdung ausgesetzt waren, die Heirat mit einem Munchener Schauspieler, die " Aussagen " zur. Dichtung zu lantern vermocht ? die RQckkehr der Tochter und ihre persdnlichen Trennung von ihm, dazwischen und danach noch Der Roman ist von Hause aus, seiner Natur wie Erlebnisse dort, deren zweispaltiger Charakter sich viele andere Affaren—sie alle muten umso oder seinem Geiste nach eine zivilisatorisch-humane noch dadurch verscharfte, dass sie als die Frau und leerer an, je mehr die dazugehorigen Schlaf- Kunstform. Vertragt sich diese aber noch mit eines amerikanischen Oflfiziers MAI. 3030;: AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 9

JEWS AT EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES ANGLO-JEWRY'S LAY LEADER The history of Jewish participation in uni- \ersity life is as complicated as that of the universities themselves. On the occasion of the Seventieth Birthday of Sir Barnett Janner 500th anniversary of Basle University the Com­ mission for Jewish Learning arranged a lecture on this subject, held by Dr. Guido Kisch, an honorary lecturer at the Swiss centre of learning Jews who came to this country as refugees be present at this debate, Sir Barnett had to put which has always been famous for its humanistic from Nazi oppression gratefully join all those who forward his return journey from a strenuous con­ tradition,* The admission of Jews to university express their heartfelt congratulations to Sir ference abroad. During the debate which took life began late and was an achievement of the Barnett Janner, M.P., on the occasion of his place in the small hours he spoke about the emancipation in the eighteenth and nineteenth 70th birthday on June 20th. Among the many sufferings the recipients of the compensation pay- centuries. The meeting of two heterogeneous causes, Jewish and otherwise, to which he has rnents had gone through under the Nazis and, by civilisations, the contrast between Jewish learning devoted his public activities, the effective support his impressive speech, helped to achieve the and profane studies, were obstacles to cultural of our hopes and wishes has always played an settlement of this question. He also introduced parity, difficult to overcome. important part. representatives of our community to officials of In the Middle Ages education and research There are three vocations around which the Government departments in charge of restitution were in the hands of the Church, they had an full life of Sir Barnett is centred: his professional questions. Last but not least we gratefully exclusively theological bias, and Jews were not work as a solicitor, his parliamentary duties as remember his untiring efforts in the interests of the admitted. Another obstacle was that the great •Member for N.W. Leicester, and his leading posi­ unregistered refugee dentists with German quali­ universities in Western Europe were founded at tion in the Anglo-Jewish community, reflected in fications. the time of the First Cmsade and of the Plague, numerous responsible oflfices of which the presi­ and the wave of hostility which swept the Con­ dency of the Board of Deputies (since 1955) is It is gratifying that our feelings of trust and the most conspicuous one. Each of these three affection for Sir Barnett are rewarded not only by tinent in that era deprived the Jews of the scanty tasks seems to be onerous enough to absorb one his constant readiness to help but also by the rights they had enjoyed before. Besides, this man's energy and time, and the way in which Sir esteem in which he seems to hold our community minority concentrated itself upon religious studies Barnett shoulders all three of them is in itself a and the AJR in particular. This became evident following the principle : " The study of the Torah source of admiration. Perhaps, to a certain again only a few weeks ago: In his address at comes first." Many congregations kept Yeshivoth extent, this achievement is due to the fact that. the Memorial Meeting for the Six Million Martyrs for Talmudical learning, and France and the he made a point of welcoming the AJR " which Rhineland attracted students from everywhere had done so much for the Victims of Nazism " who wanted to listen to the wisdom of scholars us a new member organisation associated with like Rashi. The Talmud not only embraced all ihis annual event. However, the most com­ aspects of life, but learning was also a consola­ memorative expression of his sympathy and tion in adversity ; non-Hebrew books were taboo. understanding is linked up with the Board's The rift between the Jewish and the Christian Bicentenary Dinner held in 1960 when the Duke spirits was absolute, especially after the Reforma­ of Edinburgh was the guest of honour: Of the tion. Universities were often established in great number of messages received by the Board disused synagogues because " darkness was to be on that occasion, he read out those of H.M. the changed into light," as the Church put it. Oueen. Sir Winston Churchill. Lord Samuel and There was one exception to this separation , the telegram in which the AJR expressed the medical study and practice. This may have some­ aratitude of the former refugees for the signal thing to do with the value attached to the share of Anglo-Jewry in the rescue of the victims sacredness of life by the Jews, Until the first of Nazism, third of the nineteenth century about 4,000 Jewish We extend our sincerest birthday wishes to this doctors can be counted. In spite of the official trusted and helpful friend of our community. prohibition by the Church, Jewish doctors were employed by the courts and many Popes. They W.R. had special privileges and were the only individuals who were in touch with the outside A HELPFUL FRIEND world. There existed real dynasties of this pro­ fession, and the fathers taught their sons. Jews Dear Sir Barnett, participated in the fame of medical schools like So you have reached the proverbial three score those at Salerno and Montpellier. From the and ten! Judging from your sprightliness and the fifteenth till the eighteenth century they could \igour with which you express your ideas it obtain a doctorate in Italy by the Pope's per­ seems unbelievable! mission. Eighty promotions took place at the No doubt, your distinguished public service and University of Padua alone, and also the Dutch your professional achievements will be widely University of Leyden opened its gates to Jews acclaimed on this happy occasion, and hearty in the seventeenth century. felicitations will be expressed by your family and In the Age of Enlightenment talented and self- your many friends. Let me add to them my own taught medical students were gradually admitted [Photo: " The Jewish Chronicle" sincere wishes for your continued happiness and to examinations and promotions in Germany. good health. The first Jewish doctor graduated at Frankfurt/ '1 a way, they are not separate compartments but I heard of you about 30 years ago. My late Oder in 1721, Jewish-orthodox circles resisted 3re based on one guiding principle of his life: aunt mentioned the name of Barnett Janner this evolution first, and only relatively few medical the fight for justice. Reading " Hansard " one is almost with reverence, certainly with pride and, students left the ghetto in the eighteenth and at ^mazed at the variety of subjects on which Sir what seemed to me, with some affection, as one the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. They oarnett expresses his well-founded views during who represented the " East End " in the House of were of great sociological importance because achates or at Question Time. The popularity he Commons and who was always prepared to plead they spread liberal ideas among their co-religion­ foioys in his constituency which has sent him to the case of the poor and mostly inarticulate immi­ ists so that an Orthodox rabbi like Samson Westminster since 1945 is one of the rewards for grants. I met you much later—io I940^after I Raphael Hirsch admitted the compatability of this part of his public work. had suddenly become an " enemy alien ". When the danger of internment crept nearer my own worldly studies with Jewish learning. Vet the promotion of many general causes has door, I went to consult you. On the day " it" Once all faculties were opened to them after lever prevented him from including, in his parlia­ happened, I rang you. Despite the early morning their emancipation, the Jews excelled especially mentary work, attention to those questions hour, you went to see the Chief Constable in medicine and the natural sciences but also in *hich. in one way or another, are of special personally. You must have pleaded well, for all other fields of scholarship. Their gratitude importance from a Jewish point of view. It is within two hours I was a " free " man again. towards the places of learning where thev h'd one of the healthy symptoms of the political received their erudition was shown by the fact "Climate in this country that, like members of To vou, my case may have been just one more that the Hebrew and Jewish Universities in other minority groups, Jewish politicians are everyday occurrence. To me, your action was a Jerusalem and in the United States were organ­ expected to identify themselves with their com­ revelation. Not only had you taken personal ised after the European pattern. munity. If they kept silent on Jewish matters or trouble, but you had dared to oppose an oflficial tned to hide their origin it might even be regarded measure at a time when representing an " alien " These are some of the many interesting facts ^ lack of self-respect and impair their reputation. may have been prejudicial to your own position. contained in Guido Kisch's lecture which ends 'et this does not mean that issues of Jewish con­ Your succes-sful efforts restored my faith in this with praise of the Swiss universities. They cern are always uncontroversial or popular. As a country's authorities whom you haci made chanee were a refuge for Russian and Polish Jewish Prominent spokesman of the community. Sir their minds in an individual case during the time scholars in the last century and produced a wealth oarnett has always expressed his views with of acute tension and danger. (I reciprocated by of famous lecturers and men of learning, Einstein, courage and dignity. five and a half years' loyal, though undis­ Jellinek and Joel amongst them. tinguished, service in khaki,) Needless to say, - ERNEST KAHN. ..y'ere have been many occasions for which the you made yourself a friend for life. As such. I f^JR could enlist Sir Barnett's assistance. He took am joining in the chorus: Happiness Ad multos * Philosophic ond Geschichle.—Eine Sammlung von an active part in the fight against the taxability of Vonragen und Schrifien aus dem Gebici der Philosophie und compensation annuities. The decisive debate which Annos. Gcschichtc,—77.—" Die Univcrsttaten und die Juden. Eine Yours gratefully, historische Betrachtung zur Funfhundertiahrfeier der Uni­ esulted in the exemption clause of last year's versitat Basel " von Dr. Dr. h. c. Guido Kisch.—1961,— »"inance Act took place in summer. 1960, To WILLIE MANSBACH. I,C.B, Mohr (Paul Siebeck) TObingen. DM. 2,40, Page 10 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 SUCCESSFUL WRITER GERMAN JEWS AS AUTHORS Very few people possess the real talent of writing for young people, and this is particularly WHAT EVERY CHILD SHOULD until he has only one wish: to leave Germany. true when it comes to non-fiction. Boys and girls This he does in the end, with the help of a British of school age do not want to be reminded of KNOW . . . naval officer. their text-books when reading for relaxation. Twenty-odd years ago "The Story of Peter The book might have been even better if Mr. Egon Larsen has obviously found the right Cronheim", by Kenneth Ambrose (Constable, Ambrose had checked some facts. He describes approach to this age group. In his recently 13/6), would have fulfilled the most important how the boy goes on a " knocking-up " tour ol Staatsparlei voters during the 1932 election; this published "A History of Invention"* he has task of explaining to English children why so proved again that he is a master of this art. He many young Central Europeans were turning up English practice was, of course, unknown in Weimar Germany. He gives a lot of voting lives up to his well-established reputation of in their classrooms and at their playgrounds. It being a reliable interpreter between specialist and would have answered the recurring question. figures and completely forgets the Social Demo­ •• But why did you leave ? ", quite convincingly, crats. It is also highly improbable that a boy of layman. and those teenage readers could then have passed 13 would have to ask, "Mummy, what is The book covers a wide field. The develop­ on that explanation to their parents, who still did ' politics ' ? " and " What is this ' Reichstag' ? "— ment of Energy, Transport and Communications not know what this Hitler business was all about. he would have been told in his Biigerkunde is presented in such a way that it becomes aoi But I doubt whether such a children's book would lessons at school even if he had somehow only a source of up-to-date information, but is have found a publisher at the time ; in fact, there managed to remain ignorant. also entertaining. Larsen's eloquent style, coupled has altogether been very little juvenile fiction My last point of criticism is that Mr. Ambrose, with biographical sketches of the inventors and dealing with Nazi Germany, and hardly anything being a sociologist, might have given his readers general social conditions of their time, might about the persecution of the Jews. a better explanation for the phenomenon of anti­ well transform the young reader temporarily into For this reason, Mr. Ambrose's little novel is semitism than that of his hero's grandmother: a research worker himself. most welcome, even now as the Third Reich is " We are Jews, and they hate us. I don't know L.S. gradually sliding into history as a period which why . . .". Is it so difficult to lay bare the roots teenagers know only from hearsay. The author, of anti-Jewish tjehaviour so that young teenagers • A History ot Inrenllon, by Egon Larscn. Phcenix himself a German-born Jew, speaks from personal can understand these things, and come to their House Ltd., London. 21s. experience ; he was a boy when Hitler rose to own conclusion about them ? A rational power, but emigrated to England and went to explanation can help much to immunise children school here just like the hero of his book. He is against this contagious mental epidemic, and it is DELIGHTFUL CHILDREN'S BOOK now a lecturer in sociology in London and has a pity that Mr. Ambrose has missed that oppor­ two boys of his own to whom he has dedicated tunity. But perhaps he will write a sequel, telling Translated from German this book, his first attempt at fiction-writing. how his hero settled in England ? This might give him another chance to explain what every " Love from Nicky "•* is a delightful children's A Jewish Boy in Nazi Germany child should know. book for the eight to ten-year-olds. English children will enjoy it immensely, without Peter Cronheim is 13 when we meet him. He However, the shortcomings of the story do not thinking for a moment that the story was trans­ comes into contact, little by little, with the forces diminish unduly the value of the book. It lated and their little hero originally a German of evil in his German provincial hometown—at re-creates realistically the claustrophobic atmo­ boy. Ursula Lehrburger and Oliver Coburn, who school, in public life, at home. After Boycott sphere, the incessant fear and tension ; yet the have translated and adapted the book from Day, 1933, his best friend dies when a whole tale is told with much charm and humour, and German, have done an excellent job, showing at Jewish family commits suicide. An act of con­ the reader is constantly reminded of the hopeless the same time that translating is an art in its spicuous bravery by which Peter saves many lives efforts of the " good " Germans to remain decent own right on the same level with creative writing. remains unrewarded because he is a Jewish boy. and not to give in to the powers of terror and L.S. His father is questioned by the Gestapo, the flat corruption. This is a valuable lesson in twentieth- ransacked, the boy excluded from the school's century history for English children. » Love from Nlck>. by Hertha von Gebhardt. Burke. holiday camp and ostracised by his classmates— London. 6s. 6d. Elisabeth Grant has illustrated the book most attractively. EGON LARSEN. KELLERGEIST TRIBUTE TO A GERMAN EDUCATIONIST ADVISES A.J.R. READERS The life story of an outstanding and pro­ gressive educationist, Lina Hilger (1874-1942), who was Head of the Kreuznach Secondary Girls' School, has been written by one of her former pupils. Margot Pottlitzer-Strauss (London). The publication was sponsored by the association of former pupils and friends of the Lina Hilger School. In the excellently written biography the personality of an outstanding woman comes to life, who did spade work in the field of girls' higher education. Many names familiar to those who lived in Germany before the war, such as Gertrud Baeumer and Professor Kerschensteiner. are mentioned in the book as friends and fellow- workers of Lina Hilger, Readers who spent their formative years in the Youth Movement will also notice with interest that she was among the few teachers of her generation who were not antagon­ istic to the ideals of the " Wandervogel " but lent them their active support. Choose Hallgarten— Courageous Anti-Nazi When the Nazis came to power, Lina Hilger Choose Pine Wines realised that there could be no compromise between her humanitarian outlook and the requirements of the rdgime, and the courageous Ask for thom by Homo! manifestations of her disagreement made her resignation unavoidable. In her retirement she maintained contact with Jews and other perse­ If you have any (Jifficulty in finding cutees and, by her connections with the Quakers, max:ton HALLGARTEN wines, write to us also helped some of them to emigrate. The tor assistance school which she built up and guided for a period of 30 years now bears her name. S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN By her impressive book. Mrs. Pottlitzer-Strauss has not only honoured the memory of the life I. Crutchad Friari. London, E.C.3 and work of a German woman pioneer but at the same time recorded the wider issues of the pre- Nazi period in Germany. W.R. AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 11 Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) GERMAN WHO SAVED JEWS THE BLACK ROCKS OF KORAZIM Visit to Israel A cordial welcome was given to the German merchant Oskar Schindler (Frankfurt), who visited Israel at the invitation of rescued Jews who owe It is not easy to keep pace with the fast- Mausoleum in Zikhron Ya'akov, for instance, is their lives to him. During the war Schindler, a changing map of Israel. If you have not been in built of Korazim basalt. Most, however, are piled Sudeten German, was in charge of German the north of the country for some time, driving up up on the spot to form walls and terraces, an(j the factories in occupied Eastern Europe. By his the hills from Tiberias to Rosh Pinah, you will small squares of the black fields, surrounded by tenacity vis-a-vis the Nazi authorities he managed suddenly find a road turning to the east where, equally black, high stone walls, give the area a character of its own. So far 1,200 dunams have to save Jewish labourers allocated to him from since tune immemorial, there has been a dark, been won, out of an agricultural potential of deportation. Several thousand Jews survived impenetrable jungle of basalt, a no-man's-land of 8,000 dunams. through his <30urageous efforts. Mr. Schindler's petrified lava. Now a road, 6i kms. long, winds deeds will also be commemorated in an avenue to in the direction of the Syrian border. Men and machines lend Korazim the hectic air be planted in honour of "The Righteous Gentiles ". of a factory. Tractors and tmcks come and go, With the road some 22,000 dunams (over stones are cleared, fields levelled, trees planted. 4,000 acres) have been " discovered" which, In the midst of these activities the first settlement SOUTH AFRICA AND ISRAEL though part of sovereign Israel and in the very is springing up. The houses, almost all of solid heart of the country, were to all practical pur­ concrete, are nearly completed. Just recently a poses inaccessible. Remnants from the Neohthic group of Nahal (Pioneer Youth) took possession; Dr. Verwoerd's Nationalist Government in South Period to the ornamental ruins of a synagogue of after an interval of over one thousand years these Africa has rescinded the special concessions in the the third century C.E. bear witness to the age-old young Israelis have closed the gap of history. foreign currency regulations which allowed Jewish history of that area where once stood Korazim, a organisations in the Union to transfer money and sister city of the neighbouring Capernaum, famed The development programme of Korazim fore­ goods to Israel. No money can now be sent to for its early ripening wheat. Soon, so the experts sees four villages, three of them agricultural the Jewish State without a special permit. predict, it will be known for its early vines and settlements, and further down on the shores of Lake Kinnereth a fishermen's village. It is also This measure is believed to be a reaction to luscious tomatoes. One dunam is expected to Israel's censure at the United Nations last autumn produce 4-5 tons. No wonder, for warmth and planned to extend the new road to Capernaum. In this way the whole north-western area of the of the South African Government's policy of Water in plenty combine to make the soil, which apartheid. Israel then supported a Liberian is beneath sea level, yield abundant crops. lake, so often the scene of tragic border incidents, will be peopled and, it is hoped, pacified. resolution in the General Assembly which criticised Just drive along the new road and don't mind Dr. Eric Louw, South Africa's Minister for some rough going. The view is worth every jolt. External Affairs. Deep down in the valley, glistening in the sun, DELINQUENCY IN ISRAEL Withdrawal of the concession places Israel on flows the Jordan, which here forms the State the same footing vis-d-vis South Africa as any border. Huts and houses of Syrian villages look A conference on " Delinquency and its Preven­ other foreign country and abolishes Israel's like toys, with flocks grazing in the lush meadows. tion " was recently held in Jerusalem. Dr. Joseph preferential status. Zionist leaders in South Africa Only a few months ago, after laying the road, Burg, Minister of Social Welfare, said that do not conceal their deep disappointment with the the Jewish National Fund started with reclamation juvenile delinquency in Israel, which he attributed Govemment's decision, which they admit deals work. No caterpillar vehicle of less than 250 h.p. to a lack of values, was a disease which was fast a heavy blow at South African Zionism. assuming the proportion of an epidemic. can master the volcanic rocks. Basalt boulders The South African move will not affect the must be removed which weigh up to four tons, Mr. Pinhas Rosen, Chairman of the conference normal links between individuals an

ISRAEL COMES TO TOWN The new HIGH in girdles NORTH-WEST LONDON 3.6Huei CochiBitian FLORENCE MICHAELS HALL, 37/41 GROVE END ROAD, N.W.8 TUESDAY, JUNE 19 7 p.m.—10.30 p.m. GUEST OF HONOUR: The Israeli Minister in the U.K., MR. A. MIRON (8 p.m.) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 20 11 a.m.—10.30 p.m. GUEST OF HONOUR: The Mayor of Hampstead, CLLR. BERNARD WEST (8 p.m.) Xtra-Hi THURSDAY, JUNE 21 11 a.m.—10.30 p.m. GUEST OF HONOUR: 7"/ie Mayor of St. Marylebone, CLLR. G. J. BROWN, O.B.E.. Md.Mech.E., J.P. (8 p.m.) LADIES' FASHIONS ARTS AND CRAFTS SWIMWEAR CONFECTIONERY HOUSEHOLD GOODS ^Smmttt FOODSTUFFS WINES AND SPIRITS REFRIGERATORS RADIOS GLASSWARE BOOKS CERAMICS PAINTINGS Fashion Show Nightly at 8.15 p.m. ISRAEL RESTAURANT (Caterer: Mr. Ben Shack) open throughout the Exhibition Admission 1/- ALL GOODS FOR SALE Conttt SUhoutttt Ltd., 84 Baker Street, London, W.) Z.F. Economic Committee, 77 Great Russell Street, London, W.C.1. Page 12 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962

^ Ignas Maybauni Prague, once a centre of Jewish life. With these roots Kafka could write " Der Marder in der Synagoge ". Any one who has known Landjiiden FRANZ KAFKA-OFFSPRING OF A JEWISH HOME (country Jews) and their little synagogues will find that Kafka speaks with the authority of personal We have now, at last, a standard work about same can be said of the exposition of Kafka's experience ; it is the experience of a boy who Franz Kafka, The 445 pages of Wilhelm Emrich's other works in Emrich's important book. went with his grandfather to a synagogue, humbly " Franz Kafka "* make a bulky volume, but it is Of the 445 pages of Emrich's book only four situated in the midst of the countryside, peopled never tedious or long-winded. The spacious and are devoted to a short sketch of Kafka's life, with peasants and villagers. vast exegesis of Kafka's works is offered by Emrich may put forward a cogent reason. Every Important for the understanding of Kafka is Emrich with devotion to the poet. Emrich shows creative man of great stature, poet, artist, or also Fritz Strich's latest bookj ; however, it is not the structure of Kafka's poetical work and pre­ theologian has his " thorn in the flesh." It is not the disappointing essay " Franz Kafka und das sents him as the mature European who has over­ necessary to become curious about it. Only the Judentum", but the essay " Goethes West- come both nihilism and fossilised tradition. Every work is important, and it sometimes demands a oestlicher Divan" by which Strich makes his student of Kafka's writings will have to turn to respectful distance in regard to the life of the man important contribution to the subject. Goethe's Emrich's excellent exposition of the work of this who performed it. Nevertheless. Klaus Wagen- " Hoechstes Glueck der Erdenkinder sei nur die great son of the Jewish people. bach's book about Kafka's youtht is a very Persoenlichkeit" is often misunderstood, because Some features of distinct Jewish character important and pleasant gift to Kafka lovers. it is usually misquoted as " ist (anstatt sei) die escape the otherwise always watchful eye of We see Kafka as a child of a Jewish home, Persoenlichkeit". In the poem it is Suleika's Emrich. The continuously recurring phrase 1 have more than once read Kafka's " Letter to word, and contradicted in the following verse b> iinser Volk in " Josefine, Die Saengerin" is cer­ his Father" and can find nothing of the father- Hatem : " Kann wohl sein. So wird gemeinet, tainly nearly Yiddish, although it is perfect son conflict in the way in which Freud speaks doch ich bin auf andrer Spur ". Goethe, who all German ; but the Jewish reader recognises here about it. Old Kafka always stood by his son his life prayed the prayer of Prometheus, at once the Jewish usage of the German unsere and supported him ; father and son loved each the prayer to live as a creative personality, is Leut. This may be a small thing, but it is essen­ other. That the old man got exasperated about in the West-oestlicher Divan—"auf anderer Spur". tial in so far as this little novel becomes apparent his son's failure to make a living, who can be He discovers that man's personaUty is only one as a Jewish message through its very style. Franz surprised about it ? True, when young Kafka part of his existence ; besides being personality, Rosenzweig's philosophical farewell to the belief brought his latest novel to the father, the father man is creature, clay in the potter's hand. In the in culture as a substitute for religion is also to said : " Put it on my bedside table". There, humility of remaining creature in the hand of the be found in this novel of Kafka's. Kafka's among the morning and evening papers, lay creator. Goethe takes leave from Greece and opinion about art " if it does not drive away Kafka's new work, and the old man would glance hopefully moves towards the Orient. suffering, it gives us at least the strength to bear through it before he dozed off to sleep after a it" is that of Rosenzweig, too. It also needs a day's hard work. Who can blame old Kafka ? Kafka's work receives elucidation from Goethe's Jewish exegete to recognise in " In der Straf- The son admired his father, when he stood with West-oestlicher Divan. Western man assumes all kolonie " Kafka's Jewish comment on the story him in the synagogue on the High Holy-days ; his happiness to come from the '" work of his of the Crucifixion. But Emrich sees quite clearly the father always knew the place in the prayer hands" and from the creative victory over his that Kafka's Abraham-interpretation (Amalia— book and could advise his son about the details surroundings. Kafka turns to his stories in which episode in "• Das Schloss ") is absolutely different of the service. strange animals or a beetle appear, and the from that of Kierkegaard. Kafka has the Jewish, distinction between man and animal gradually Kierkegaard the Christian, approach. With Wagenbach we go back to Kafka's school­ disappears, as in the gargoyles of Gothic days and look at the most interesting photographs cathedrals. His aim is the same as Goethe's West- After Emrich's literary achievement nobody can which he provides. We see his schoolmates. Paul oestlicher Divan : away from the limitations of speak any longer of a bizarre setting of " Das Kisch. Hugo Bergmann, F. E. Pribram, Karl Western titanism. But Goethe, when all is said, Schloss ". Emrich succeeds in showing that every Krauss and Emil Utitz. What a galaxy of Jewish aspires to the rejoicing of Omar Khayyam, Kafka character and every event of this great novel has boys who later became famous in the world of to the humility of Abraham, confessing: I am its clear meaning and does not become blurred letters, and among them the schoolboy Franz dust and ashes. by a supposed variety of possible meanings. The Kafka ! With Wagenbach we wander through t Fritz Strich : Kunst and Leben. Vonraege und Abhand­ * Wilhclm Emrich: Fnnz Katlui. 2 AuR. Atheneum- t Klaus Wagenbach ; Franz Kafka. Eine Biographie seiner lungen zur deutschen Literatur. Francke Verlag. Bem and Verlag. Frankfurt am Main. DM, 28. Jugend. Francke V'erlag. Bern. DM. 24.50, MOnchcn. DM. 22.50.

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Hermann Schicab his noble clients. August, who lived in the greatest luxury, longed for the crown of a King. This was only obtainable in Poland, which had an elective monarchy and whose noble electors BEHREND LEHMANN OF HALBERSTADT were forever short of funds. By the death of King Johan Sobiesky in 1696 the throne had become vacant. Ten million Polish Florins were its price. Tercentenary of a " Court Jew" Since Poland was a Roman Catholic country it was necessary for August and his family to adopt Catholicism in order to qualify for the crown. They were converted in 1697. The result The precarious existence of the Jews in witness to his piety and generosity. He built the was that Brandenburg (later Prussia) became the Germany in the seventeenth and eighteenth Klaus in 1703 with dwellings for three, later two, most important State in Germany, Saxony now centuries was at times relieved when there Talmud scholars to pray, to learn, to teach and to taking second place, with far-reaching and fateful appeared men of exceptional stature who along­ act as Beth Din; a foundation secured their liveli­ political consequences in the future. Behrend side with their knowledge of Jewish learning had hood. Lehmann was asked by August to find the possessed themselves to an unusual degree of With the Elector's permission, he commissioned millions for him, and he obtained them through worldly wisdom. This latter qualification secured famous architects to build a synagogue. In the the sale to Brandenburg of two Saxon principali­ entrance to the palaces of the local rulers, who style of the late Baroque, its exceptional height ties. Now called " Der Konigliche Resident", he entrusted them with important missions and crowned by a cupola and surrounded by gilded accompanied August on his joumey to Poland raised their status to that of " Court Jews", imitations of the implements of the Temple, it and attended the coronation at Lemberg, The Freed thus from the then current humiliating became one of the most beautiful synagogues in Jews of Poland welcomed the " Halberstadter Jew-laws they were often able to ease the Germany. It was consecrated in 1712. Shtadlan" enthusiastically, and Rabbi Hirsch despotic and cruel conditions under which their Biala, known as " Charif ", returned with Behrend brethren lived. Lehmann to become Rabbi of Halberstadt, One of the most impressive figures among them Behrend Lehmann died in 1730. His colourful was Isachar Barmann. known as Behrend life, interwoven with legend, belongs to the history Lehmann, who was bom 300 years ago in Lx - J^l of German Jewry and was related, 150 years after Halberstadt. His father, Juda Lehmann, a his death, in a charming story by Rabbi Marcus Wealthy merchant, was one of the representatives §•' £ Lehmann, of Mayence. It will soon be published of the Jewish community. When Behrend was —. in an English translation. eight years old the Halberstadt Synagogue was destroyed by the mob. |'.u:.-b-?^\| Nothing is known about Behrend's formative years, and the historian of the Jewish community '^fwMj^\ GHETTO DIARIES RECOVERED of Halberstadt, Rabbi B. H. Auerbach, does not Dr. Abraham Katsh, Chairman of the Depart­ hegin Lehmann's biography before the end of the ment of Hebrew Education of New York Univer­ seventeenth century. At that time he was already sity, has obtained the most complete account yet Very wealthy and well known not only in the of life in the Warsaw Ghetto. The document Jewish world but also to the rulers of Dessau, was handed to him by a Pole, Mr. Wladyslaw Brunswick and Saxony. His house was the Wojcek, recently arrived from Warsaw, who rallying point of all those who were poor and ^^m'ZM-kept it hidden during the war for its author, a distressed. •mm' • 'vfi *" if Mr, H. A. Kaplan, '««««*' The author of the diary, which is in Hebrew, Benefactor to Jewish Scholarship was the principal of a Hebrew high school in Warsaw when war broke out. He then decided At that time fires had emptied the Yeshivoth INTERIOR OF HALBERSTADT SVNAGOGUE to change the entries from a record of personal and houses of the Jews in Germany, Hungary and affairs to one that would " record for posterity Poland of Hebrew books, and many calls for help Both Klaus and synagogue were situated, the atrocities committed by the Nazis". In the reached Halberstadt. " Ten people had to learn according to medieval German law, off the main entry dated August I, 1942, he stated: "The frorn one book." Behrend Lehmann ordered new street. Both were destroyed in the night of whole nation is sinking in a sea of horror and ^ditions in the printing houses in Jessnitz November 9th, 1938. cruelty, I do not know if there is one person (Anhalt), Amsterdam and Venice and distributed The foundation of schools and the support of who reports daily the tragic events of our time ". 'herri through those countries. He further teachers fit well in this picture of a charitable Mr. Kaplan, whose fate is not known, gave the obtained the permission to reprint the Talmud personality. diary to a friend. from the Elector Frederic III of Brandenburg Behrend Lehmann also succeeded in many cases (since the peace treaty of Westphalia in 1648 to obtain " letters of safe conduct" for people Dr. Katsh obtained from Poland a microfilm Halberstadt belonged to Brandenburg) and pro­ who were without a permanent residence. In this of Emanuel Ringelblum's " Note from a Warsaw vided for the support of six Talmud scholars for way he became the founder of new congregations Ghetto" recovered from the ruins in 1946 and three \ears, who supervised the printing and in Halle and Magdeburg, from which towns Jews 1950, This account is in Yiddish but is not in editing at a printing-house at Frankfort-on-the- had been expelled 200 years previously. perfect condition. Oder. The work in twelve volumes appeared One of Lehmann's financial enterprises, which Dr. Katsh has devoted considerable time to With " the Elector's most gracious patronage ". procured the means for his unique benefactions, microfilming the vast collection of Judaica in the In his native town two monuments, the Klaus is of h'storical interest. Elector Frederic August Lenin LibraT of the Soviet Union and other and the synagogue, for more than 200 years bore II of Saxony, called " The Strong ", was one of libraries,—(J,C,)

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RABBI ISRAEL NOBEL OBITUARY Rabbi Israel Nobel died in Israel at the age of 84. He was the rabbi of the communities of Filehne and Schneidemuehl and. later on. accepted MISS CLARICA DAVIDSON a " call " to a Conservative Private Synagogue in DR. LUDWIG COHN Berlin, Afterwards he officiated at the Berlin Miss Clarifa Davidson, who passed uvva> in Ryckestrasse Synagogue, where he was an Dr. Ludwig Cohn (formerly Breslau). the well- 1 ondon recently, was well known within the com­ encouraging spiritual leader during the years of known expert on care of the blind, dieij in Rotter­ munity as a generous supporter of many Jewish Nazi persecution. Rabbi Nobel was the son of dam at the age of 85. Despite his handicap Dr. causes and as a gifted and devoted organiser of the Halberstadt Rabbi Josef Nobel and a brother Cohn, who became blind when he was seven functions for their benefit. Former refugees have of the late Rabbi N. A. Nobel, of Frankfurt, years old. went to an ordinary secondary school special .'•easons to remember her with gratitu(Je, and afterwards studied philosophy in Breslau and Throughout the years she was the Chairman of Berlin. He obtained his doctor's degree in Berlin the Concert Committee of Self-Aid : in this VICTIMS OF NAZISM NOT PASSIVE in 1903. Later on he studied Law and Economics capacity she was largely instrumental in the and graduated for a second time, as Doctor of Mrs, Rachel Erlich, wife of Professor A, Eriich, preparation of the programmes and also in making spoke at a Warsaw Ghetto memorial meeting Law. at Breslau University. During the First the functions financially successful. World War Dr. Cohn was put in charge of caring organise(J by the Friends of Yiddish at the Reading Room and Institute, London, E,l, She for blinded soldiers. He also lectured on ^ERTHOLD STRAUSS subjects connected with the rehabilitation of said that the accusations of passive behaviour on the part of the victims of Nazism which came blind people at Breslau University and other Mr, Berthold Strauss passed away in London from many quarters—often Jewish—were a grave places inside and outside Germany, At the same at the age of 60. He was a former President injustice to those who perished. time he was a tutor to blind students, as well as of the Adath Yisroel Synagogue and an Executive adviser to Govemment authorities. In 1933 Dr. member of the Poale -Agudas Israel World Orga­ Those who were not there could not understand Cohn went to Prague, from where he had to flee nisation, He was also the author of a compre­ the reality of living in a ghetto or concentration to Holland when the Germans marched into camp, Mrs, Erlich stated. The humanity of the hensive bibliography. "Ohel Baruch". and of a victims in spite of being deserted by everyone in Czechoslovakia, He again became a persecutee book about a strictly Orthodox family in Fran­ the worid : the belief that justice would prevail; after the occupation of the Netherlands and was conia, the Rosenbaums of Zell, which was and the armed uprising against the Nazis without deported to Theresienstadt. He survived the camp reviewed in this paper only a short while ago, and resettled in Holland. After the establishment any help from outside, and with no hope of DR. MAX GRUENTHAL success, signified that they still believed in a of the State of Israel Dr. Cohn was invited to world where freedom meant something. advise the Israeli Government and received an honorary doctorate from the Hebrew University in The psychiatrist Dr. Max Gruenthal died in Mrs. Erlich added: " Before they died these 1957, New York at the age of 70. He was a recog­ people led a creative life. Their cultural contri­ nised authority in his field both in Berlin, where bution was enshrined in their writings, poetry and Both by his own courage and by his con­ he lived until 1936, and in the United States, prose, and in the Yiddish language—Jewry's heri­ structive work he became an inspiration to many where he soon established a reputation as a tage. As far as heroism is concemed, those people people afflicted by blindness. At the same time, medical consultant, a contributor to scientific who lived through the tragedy and remained he was widely respected and liked as an energetic, periodicals and a lecturer at international con­ with high moral principles were no less heroes optimistic and highly educated personality. gresses. than those who took up arms and died,"—(J.O

FAMILY EVENTS Mittler.^Dr, Gustav A, Mittler, of BILINGUAL SECRETARY AJR Attendance Service Entries in the column Family Events 76 Vesper Road, Leeds, 5. passed (English/German). many years" are free of cliarge. Texts should he away peacefully in hospital on May experience as Personal Assistant, WOMEN available to care for sick sent in by the 18th of the month. Sth. in his 68th year. Deeply reauires senior position of responsi­ people and invalids, as companions mourned by his wife Trude. son bility and trust. Box 983. and sitters-in ; full- or part-time; non­ Births Peter, daughter-in-law Helle. and residential. 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. grandchildren. Also by brother SHORTHAND-TYPIST, experienced, Trafford.—On May Ist. to John and seeks part-time or home work. Own Peter (Israel) and sister Kathe typewriter. Box 981 Ursula (nee Mayer). 62 Barn Rise, (U.S.A.), MISSING PERSONS Wembley Park. Middx.. a son, Weill.—Mr, Ludwig Weill (formerly COOK - HOUSEKEEPER, elderly, Graham Stephen, brother to Caren Munich) passed away peacefully on seeks part-time w ork ; afternoon / Personal Enquiries Henrietta. May 2nd, and his wife Claire (n6e evenings preferred. Box 982. Birthdays Einstein) passed away suddenly on Mrs. Ilsc Kirschner (nee Gurassa). May 9th. both in Israel, Deeply Accommodation Wanted or her son Mr. Karl Heinz Kirsch- Cahn.—Mrs. Lore Cahn, of 23 mourned by their relatives. Benno and ncr; Mr. Phillip Lesing, former Broadhurst Gardens, London, N.W.6, Eva Weill. Long Eaton. Nottingham, REFINED ELDERLY LADY Theatre Director of the Liebich celebrated her 80th birthdav on CoDsecration of Memorial Stone requires comfortable room with Theatre ; Mrs. Susie Born (n^ Bial), April 26th. board or use of kitchen in N.W, area. All from Breslau. Wanted by Mr- Kariel.—The memorial stone in Box 985, Jakob Salomon, 493 28th Avenue. Deaths memory of the late Mr, Hugo Kariel San Francisco 21. CaUfornia. U.S.A. will be consecrated at the Liberal WANTED two rooms, kitchen, toilet, Asch.—Mrs. Rosa Asch. formerly Jewish Cemetery. Willesden, on Sun­ bath, or studio with usual oflices. Hove, Sussex, died in West Berlin on day. July 1st, at I p.m, kitchen, bath, SWIss Cottage 2551, February 27th, in her 83rd year. Deeply mourned by her son, Dr, CLASSIFIED Miscellaneous med, Heinz Werner Asch, Berlin- Situations Vacant AJR CLUB Tempelhof, Park Strasse la, and by HOLIDAY EXCHANGE, Sixth- her relations and friends, ANWALTSBUERO. beschaeftigt mit form student (m.) from Southern Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, Wiedergutmachungsangelegenheiten. Germany, partly Jewish origin, would N.W.S Benario.—On Tuesday. May Ist. sucht Mitarbeiter, Box 977. like to stay with English-speaking Mrs. Tony Benario (n^ Vogelsdorff), familv for three weeks in July, either SUNDAY, JUNE 17 formerly Berlin. age(i 76. passed away Situations Wanted in exchange or as paying guest. Box after a long illness bravely borne. Men 986. at 4.30 p.m. sharp Deeply mourned by her family and all her friends, CLERK, languages English, German, SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and French, Italian, exp. in publishing permanently removed by qualified THE CHILDREN'S Gottschalk.—On April 28th, Mrs. records, seeks full- or part-time work. Physiotherapist and Electrolysist, Ada Gottschalk (n^e Kaufman), of Box 978. Facials, Body massage. Visits CHOIR 4 Reynolds Close. N.W,11, passed BOOKKEEPER, good references, arranged. Consultations free, Mrs, away, experienced and reliable, seeks part- Dutch, D,R,E,. 239 Willesden Lane. of the New Liberal Synagogue GuBz.—Mr, Albert Gunz, of 73 time position. Box 979. N,W,2, Tel,: WILlesden 1849, or COLindale 8277 (for messages). conducted by Teignmouth Road, London, N.W.2 Women formerly Dusseldorf), aged nearly 72. BELTMAKER, experienced and Mrs. Metzger-Lichtenstern passed away on April 26th after a Personal severe illness. Deeply mourned by versatile, seeks position, light packing his wife, Nelly Gunz, his children. or assembling also considered. Box YOUNG GENTLEMAN, good Accompanied by Stephen. Hazel (nde Kerr) and 980, appearance, Public School Education, Paul Lichtenstern Thomas Gunz. and his sister. Frieda wishes to meet educated young lady Frankel. CHANGE OF ADDRESS of good family background about EVA LEONTI Meyerhol.—Mrs, Bett\ Meyerhof, 30 years of age. Object matrimony. beloved mother of Eva Falk. of 34 In order to ensure that you get Box 976. Songs with Guitar Accompaniment The Charter Road, Woodford Green, your copy of AJR Information WIDOWER of German origin, in Essex (formerly Kassel and Mailand), regularly, please be sure to inform London, good appearance, childless, Space donated by TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED passed peacefully away on Friday, us immediately of any change of secured own house, wishes to meet Britannia Worlcs, 2S St, Pancras Way, May llth, in her 71st year. Deeply address. good-looking, intelligent lady, aged N.W.1. moumed by relatives and friends. 50-60, Object matrimony. Box 984. AJR INFORMATION June, 1962 Page 15 ORGANISATIONAL NEWS NEW ARTHUR SEGAL EXHIBITION The last hundred years have been a curse and a blessing for the artist. The strict discipline of GHErrO MARTYRS REMEMBERED ANGLO-GERMAN LAWYERS' ASSOCIATION the traditional modes of expression have broken down. The painter no longer works for commis­ Over a thousand people gathered in St. Pancras Change of Name sions from the established institutions. He has lown Hall to commemorate the anniversary of the become a solitary figure who has to work out his Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the six million At the annual general meeting of the "Asso­ own salvation, that is to say, he himself has to Jews who died in Nazi Europe. Many of the ciation of Democratic Lawyers from Germany '", create his own language of form and colour. audience were relatives of the dead and a few held on April 10th, it was decided to change the The age of boundless experimentation has arrived, of their non-Jewish friends. name of the Association to " Anglo-German Picass-o has become its most famous symbol, Lawyers' Association" in accordance with the Arthur Segal has at least this one point in The commemoration meeting was opened by wider aims of the organisation. Membership is now common with the great Spaniard: the unending one of the survivors of the Ghetto, Mr, W. open to all lawyers who are prepared to further experiment. The series of exhibitions at 1 Eng­ Schindler, Chairman of the Polish-Jewish Ex- the aims of the Association, All members of the land's Lane, N.W.3, show the successive phases Servicemen's Association. Executive were re-elected and the officers are as of Segal's questing years. follows: Dr. J. Auerbach (Chairman), Dr. Max Speakers included Lord Boothby and Sir Auerbach (Vice-Chairman), Dr. H. Blum (Trea­ This time (until July 26th) we are shown his Barnett Janner, but the main address was delivered surer), Dr. J. Loeb (Honorary Secretary). Mr, P, Optical Sculpture and his Narrative Paintings, hy the Hon, David Astor, Editor of the Observer. Cromwell, Dr, A, L, Oppenheim, Mr, R. Behind this kind of " sculpture " lies the idea that He urged the study of " political psychopathology " Graupner, light should be brought into the picture by raising —of which the Nazi persecution of fiuropcan certain parts of it. the shade is provided by Jewry has so far been the most gruesome manifes- hollowing out the surface in the appropriate 'ation. Man's capacity to destroy his fellow- Next Meeting places. The plastic effect, especially in a still-life, heings without any rational motive, lie said, should is indeed remarkable. he as closely studied as was the scourge of cancer. .\t the next meeting of the Association, Pro­ Narrative Painting was, of course, used a great An institute devoted to that purpose, preferablv fessor Dr, E, J, Cohn will give a lecture on deal in the Middle Ages. We all remember how in London, would be a worthy monument to the " Die Stellung des Anwalts in England und in the painter told the story of the Passion or the niemory of the six million murdered Jews. Zentral-Europa ". The meeting will be held on lives of Saints by painting a series of small Tuesday. June 26, at 8 p.m,, at 51 Belsize pictures on the same surface, canvas or wood. Meetings were also held in Israel, France, Square. N.W.3, Guests are welcome. Segal allows a uniform colour scheme and rhythm Belgium, America, Australia, and many other to 80 through the series of little pictures, thus Countries to commemorate the martyrs. THE HYPHEN unifying them by purely painting means. An In Israel prayers were recited, places of enter- interesting experiment. fainment closed, and the wail of sirens ushered The Hyphen is a group for young people from A. ROSENBERG, 'Jl the Memorial Day to the Destruction of 21 years upwards. Its activities include At European Jewry. The French nation honoured Homes, lectures, theatre and concert parties, 'he memory of the Martyrs of Deporation with rambles and car outings. Details about the MR. HANS KROCH 75 Ceremonies held throughout the country, and current programme may be obtained from the ^cial ceremonies were held at the Arc de Hon. Secretary, Miss Evelyne Longini, 57 Ashford Mr, Hans Kroch (formerly Leipzig), who now Triomphe and in the Chapel of Deportees at the Court, Ashford Road, London. N.W.2. tel, lives in Israel, will celebrate his 75th birthday on Saint-Roche Church, where ashes from the GLA, 0806 (evenings), June 3rd. He owns the famous " Holy Land crematoria of ten concentration camps are kept. Hotel ", built on the hill where his only son was -(J.C.) killed in the Palestinian war. A few months ago RABBI DR. ESRIEL HILDESHEIMER a beautiful synagogue was dedicated in the grounds of the hotel. Appeal for Material INTERNA-nONAL YOUTH DAY The Jerusalem Section of the Leo Baeck Insti­ MR. S. F. HALLGARTEN 60 The World Union for Progressive Judaism tute is preparing the publication of a selection of so 'Youth Section) is organising an international far unpublished letters by Rabbi Dr. Esriel Hildes- S. F. Hallgarten, of London, once a lawyer in youth day for November 4th. The aim is to hcimer. It would be greatly appreciated if Frankfurt and, since 1933, no less successful as a Unite Progressive Jewish youth groups in an effort readers or their friends who have such letters in wine-shipper, expert on vintages, diffusing his 'o help under-privileged people throughout the their possession would lend them to the Leo Baeck knowledge in books, broadcasts and television World. It is hoped that, among other things, Institute, 4 Devonshire Street, London, W.l (Tel.: appearances, will celebrate his 60th birthday on Several thousand items of clothing for refugees LANgham 3493), Expenses for photostats or June 6th. The AJR is proud to call him a friend Will be collected.—(J.C.) postage will be refunded on request. and hails him with cheers and "Prosit!"

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HARROGATE Do you want comfort and every convenience. THE DORICE ROSEMOUNT f'IRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION OAKBRAEGUEST HOUSE Continental Cuisine—Licensed 17 Portifol Road, N.W.6 ••oom will, own bath, excellent Continental HAMpstead 5856 tr 8565 lood. TV. lounge, gardens ? Mrs. M. Eger 3 Springfield Avenue 169a Flnchley Rd., N.W.S M»s. A. WOLFF. minutes THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Opposite Maiestic Ho:el. Few (MAI. 6301) i Hemstal Road, N.W,6 from Royal Baths. PARTIES CATERED FOR A Home for you (MAI, 8521) BED AND BREAKFAST Elderly people welcomed 'Phone: 67682 Private party BOOK NOW for your Picardy Hotel "THE CONTINENTAL" catering 9 Church Road, Southbourne HOLIDAY LICENSED at For your next important Meyrick Road, East Cliff, occasion consult : BOURNEMOUTH SIMAR HOUSE BOURNEMOUTH Mrs. F. Mandl 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 The well-known Private 'Phone 20751/3 PAD. 2593 Facing sea ; lounges and dining- Continental Hotel 2 minutes beach, town, and amusements, room (seat 30), TV; port central 54 bedrooms, central heating, lift. 2 TV heated; free car pork; large 10/12 Herbert Road, lounges, card and reading lounge. garden. Bournemouth West DINING/BALLROOM seating 150 SWI. 2202 INFORMAL DANCES Renowned cuisine. Dance band '"•o minules' bus ride to sea-front ENGLISH 4 CONTINENTAL CUISINE for Festivals and season. OWN LOCK-UP GARAGES for DIETS on request BOOK EARLY FOR YOUR SUMMER SPECIAL REDUCED TERMS UNTIL END HOLIDAYS. Mrs. MARGOT SMITH OF JUNE. BOOK EARLY FOR YOUR MINICAR HIRE Phone : Westbourne 64176 SUMMER HOLIDAYS, Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber Page 16 AJR INFORMATION June, 1962

NO GERMAN RECOGNITION YET FOR ISRAEL'S INDEPENDENCE DAY ISRAEL

Israel's Mth Independence Day was marked with communities in Moscow and Kiev attended the The Federal German Government is not plan­ a gigantic parade through the streets of Tel Aviv Independence Day reception at the Israeli ning to recognise officially the State of Israel in by units of the Israeli Defence Forces. Embassy in Moscow. the immediate or near future. Political circles in the Federal capital discount The entire diplomatic corps and many dis­ In America Mr. Robert Wagner, Mayor of reports that Bonn's poHcies towards Israel would tinguished visitors watched the march-past. New York, proclaimed Israel's Independence Day be reviewed following the recent conference of President Ben-Zvi, Mr, Ben-Gurion and General at City Hall. Representatives of all faiths on the West German diplomatic representatives in the Zvi Tsur, the Chief of Staff, headed the list of Council participated in the celebrations. Israeli Mediterranean area. The German Government is national leaders on the saluting base. diplomats held a reception at the United Nations. now thought to believe that the present policy towards the Jewish State should continue The celebrations were opened by a ceremony London's Jewry celebrated Israel's fourteenth unchanged for the time being. on Mount Herzl conducted by Mr. Kaddish Luz, birthday in prayer, speech, song and dance. The Germany appears to be strengthening her rela­ Speaker of the Knesset, and attended by members celebrations centred for the first two days on the tions with Arab States. The German Government of the Government. The ceremony was followed Marble Arch Synagogue. There all sections of is consequently said to be chary of jeopardising by a magnificent fireworks display which was the Metropolitan Jewry assembled in large numbers its efforts in this direction by extending official signal for open-air celebrations throughout the recognition to the State of Israel.—(J.C.) for an impressive and solemn afternoon service. country. In the evening there was a very large gathering FUNDS FOR IMMIGRATION Foreign diplomats. United Nations representa­ for the Independence Dinner and the next day tives, and heads of foreign missions in Israel the Israeli Ambassador was host to hundreds of The Jewish Agency for Israel, the distributing called on President Ben-Zvi to convey Independ­ well-wishers—Jews and non-Jews—for the annual section of the United Jewish Appeal for Israel, ence Day greetings. They were led by Mr, cocktail party. The Zionist Federation held its has allocated $40 million towards meeting the Mikhail Bodrov, the Soviet Ambassador, who is rally in the St, Pancras Town Hall, at which two urgent needs of immigration into Israel. The total doyen of the diplomatic corps. choirs and a group of dancers also participated.— requirements for the Israel programme for tho year which started on April Ist fs $68 million.— Four Soviet Ministers and 40 leaders of Jewish (J.C.) (J.C.)

PHOTOCOPIES BRASSIERES, CORSETS, NORBERT COHN QUICK and RELIABLE HIGHEST PRICES AND CORSELETS F.B.O.A. (Hons.). D.Orth. paid for Ladies' and Gentlemen's cast-off All mode to measura OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN GOLDERSTAT 25, Downham Rood, N.l Clothing, Suitcases, Trunks, etc. MRS. A. MAYER 20 Northways Parade, Finchley Road, •Phone : CLIssold 5'464 (5 lines) (Ladies' large sizes preferred) WE GO ANYWHERE. ANY TIME 'Phone No.: SPE. 1451 Swiss Cottage, N.W.3 54, Goldert Gardens, N.W.II 'Phone : PRImrose 9660 'Phone : SPEedwell 5643 S. DIENSTAG JEWISH BOOKS To all FORMER CLIENTS of MRS. H. BARRY LEO HOROVITZ (HAMpstead 0748) of all kinds, new and second-hand. PHOTO-COPIES WHILE YOU Whole Libraries and Single Volumes WAIT SCULPTOR-STONEMASON A/T GLASER bought. Taleisim. Bookbinding. NOW AT Memorials for all PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER M. SULZBACHER Parkway Setrotarial Service All Re-Upholstery. Carpets. JEWISH & HEBREW BOOKS (also purchase) Cemeteries Furniture Repairs. French Polishing 4 Sneath Avenue, Golders Green Rd., 81 Parkway, N.W.1 (GUL. 3575) 16, FAWLEY ROAD. London, N.W.ll. Tel.: SPE. 1694 1 minute Camden Town Underground. WILL BE DONE TO YOUR SATISFACTION Buses : 3. 53. 57a. 74. 276 WEST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.6 Telephone : HAMpstead 25*4 Phone : HAMostead S601 or call at 432 FINCHLEY ROAD (Child's HIII). N.W.Z DEUTSCHE BUECHER A. OTTE^ F.B.O.A (Hon..) COMFORTAiR HEATING CONTRACTORS H.WOORTMAN&SON GESUCHT I OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN (Incorporating West Heath Refrigeration R. & E. STEINER (BOOKS) Service) 8 Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.3 CENTRAL HEATING AND S GARSON HOUSE. Phone : HAMpstead 3974 GLOUCESTER TERRACE, LONDON, W 2 Tal.: 118 FINCHLEY ROAD DOMESTIC ENGINEERING 'Phone: AMBassador 1S64 14 WEST HEATH DRIVE. LONDON. N.W.II Continental Builder and Decorator Ausgewaehltes Lager *u.".r und HAMpstead OPPOSITE JOHN BARNES ft Phone : SPE. 061S. Also at ver'flriffener Buecnei. 197 Chartridge Lane, Chesham. Bucks. 8336 FINCHLEY ROAD MET. STN. Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs ESTIMATES FREE a f (ELECTRICAL | -rp, M. FISCHLER R RABEXSTEIN Ltd. INTERIORS . Ol VJ. INSTALLATIONS) LIU. (Previously M. Fischler. (Incorporating Reissner & Goldberg) Continental Upholstery) .PARIS. Kosher Butchers, Poulterers ANNOUNCING THE OPENING OF A ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHING SERVICE UP TO 40% EXPORT and Come to us for your Carpets, Curtains, 199b Belsiie Road, N.W.6 and Upholstered Furniture. DISCOUNT Sausage Manufacturers MAi. 2646 17 Walm Lane, N.W.Z even on fixed official retail prices •Phona: WIL. 0762; eicnings EDG. S411 Before 8.30 o.nn. and after 7 p.m. UnJer Ike superwioti of the Beth Din if paid with Travellers' Cheques. GLA, 1322, MAI, 0359 ALL FAMOUS PERFUMES. EAUX Wholesalers and Retailers SHOE REPAIRS DE COLOGNE, COSMETICS. TOILET REQUISITES, GIFTS, etc. oj first-class RICH'S SHOE REPAIR SERVICE PARFUMERIE des PRINCES LUGGAGE REPAIRS (formerly REICH) now at Large s«l*ction of all tvpes of travtl goods, Continental Sausages (MANAGER : MR. B. BERLOWITZ) •specially Air Travel Cases. 133. HAMILTON RD.. N.W.ll All travel goods repaired. Daily Deliveries 10 PASSAGE des PRINCES Old trunks and cases bought. (2 minutes Brent Station) (Entrance : 5 Bis. Boulevard des Italiens. FAIRFIELD & FUCHS near Opera). 210 West End Lane, N.W.6 5, Fairhazel Gardens, N.W.6 We collect and deliver PARIS. 2e 'Phone HAMpstead 2602 •Phone: MAI. 3224 and MAI. 9236 'Phone: SPE. 7463; HAM. 1037 Metro : Richeiieu-Drouot •Phone : Richelieu 04-75 For English & German Books Furniture Repoirs ThewiGMORE LAUNDRYUd. HANS PREISS R. BANDMAN CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIAUSTS International Booksellers 9 Mapesbury Court, Most London Districts Served LIMITED Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 SHE. 4575 brings us by radio Write or 'phone the Manager, 24-hour telephone service GLA.5662 14 Bury Place, London, W.C MR. E. HEARN, 1 STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.12 HOL 4«4I

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