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Home , Aigai (Aeolis), Anazarbus, Antigonia (Paeonia), Antigonia (Syria), Apamea (Euphrates), Arsuz

Map 67 Antiochia Compiled by P.-L. Gatier () and T. Sinclair, 1997 with the assistance of M. Ballance

Introduction

Turkey Eastern , known as Kilikia II in Late Roman times, is a mixture of rugged mountains and a very fertile coastal plain. A century ago, much of this plain was swampy, malarial and underpopulated. Since then, drainage and irrigation have brought prosperity. While bearing in mind the more limited resources available, it is probably fair to assume that for much of antiquity conditions resembled those of a century ago. In such flat country there must have been changes in the course of the rivers: the Pyramos, for instance, seems to have had two mouths, one in roughly the present position, and the other just west of Magarsa (Map 66 G3). The positions of the main ancient settlements in the plain are all reasonably certain, although several, including Epiphaneia, Phlaouiopolis and Neronias, have yet to be confirmed epigraphically. In the mountainous areas of the Amanus and on the southern slopes of the Taurus, there may have been larger areas of forest than today; they are, after all, regions where goats and (in the more accessible parts) charcoal-burners have long been active. The fact that the map shows very few ancient settlements in these mountains is due partly to the lack of modern research; but there is no recorded ancient city that can possibly be located here, in sharp contrast to Cilicia Tracheia further west with its numerous small cities. Apart from the rift valley on the east of the mountain range itself, the entire area east of the Amanus is rolling countryside, much of it fertile, underlain by dry, chalky rock. Above ground, the physical fabric of the ancient sites has for the most part been erased by very active, populous medieval occupation. Few inscriptions have been found, and few more are likely to be found. For various reasons, there has been little survey or excavation of classical remains, except in the vicinity of and downstream thence along the R. Orontes. The district east of the R. is the least explored; here some ancient sites are known only from pre- travel literature, and have not been checked since. There is a striking number of Late Antique monasteries in the entire region which are named in texts, but whose sites have yet to be identified. The rescue excavations in the shadow of the Atatürk dam downstream, and upstream of (ancient Samosata), have not shed light on any sites known to ancient authors. The map reflects a re-evaluation of previous scholarship on the alignment of roads and siting of way-stations and other settlements. Even so, rather than relying on traces followed over a continuous course, the basis for most identifications remains the ancient itineraries, a few observed sections of road, the known bridges, and modern toponymy. Within modern , those way-stations and settlements named only in the itineraries are all assigned to the Late Antique period; the possibility that some were established earlier remains open, however. Syria The map reflects important differences between the three regions of northern Syria today. These regions comprise the mountainous Kurd Dagh, in the north-west of the country; the so-called Limestone Massif, directly south of Kurd Dagh; and the eastern steppes. The Kurd Dagh has been completely neglected by modern research. By contrast, the regions of Antiochia and (Map 68 B3) further south continue to be the subject of many studies, not least because of the threat from rising population. These regions include the semi-deserted Limestone Massif, where hundreds of villages still display important, well-preserved ruins from the Roman and Late Antique periods. Only the more significant can be marked on a map at this scale. The eastern steppes had been neglected by travelers and archaeologists. Recently, however, the building of dams on the Euphrates has generated new surveys and excavations along its banks and those of several other rivers in the eastern plains (Qoueiq, Sadjour, Balikh). 1028 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Most of this work has been carried out by orientalists and prehistorians. New information is therefore emerging; at the same time, many sites are being submerged or destroyed before a satisfactory record has been made of them. Traces of Hellenistic land division appear around Beroia (Dodinet 1990). The evidence of one Roman centuriation-system is clear in many parts of the Limestone Massif; in some of its localities a different system has also been detected (Tate 1992, 235). The main landscape changes are directly connected to water resources, and have occurred during the last thirty years. The great dam of the Euphrates at Tabqa, above (ancient Nicephorium, Map 68 G2), has created a vast lake (Lake al-Assad), which covers a large part of the valley formerly occupied by the meanders of a sinuous river with several channels. Those channels were used for irrigation and water transport as early as the , and most seem to have been in use during classical antiquity. As a further consequence of these modern developments, there has been a dramatic shrinkage of the large salt lakes and swamps of the sub-desert regions, the Jabboul Lake (F4) and el-Math (Map 68 D2), into which the rivers Nahr ed-Dahab (ancient Dardas) and Qoueiq (ancient Belus) empty respectively.

Directory All place names are in Turkey unless otherwise noted

Abbreviations

Chronicon I-II Anonymi Auctoris Chronicon ad annum Christi 1234 pertinens, vol. 1, J.-B. Chabot (ed.), CSCO 56, Louvain, 1952; Anonymi Auctoris Chronicon ad a. C. 1234 pertinens, vol. 2, M. Abouna (ed.), notes and index by J.-M. Fiey, CSCO 154, Louvain, 1974. Honigmann I-II E. Honigmann, “Historische Topographie von Nordsyrien im Altertum,” I: ZDPV 46 (1923) 149-93; II: ZDPV 47 (1924) 1-64 ItEg Itinerarium Egeriae,P.Marval(ed.),Égérie, Journal de voyage, Sources chrétiennes 296, Paris, 1982 RfAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum, Stuttgart, 1950- RLAss Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie,Berlin,1928- TIB Kilikien F. Hild and H. Hellenkemper, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5.1, Kilikien und Isaurien,DenkWien 215, 1990 VVMonoph Vitae virorum apud Monophysitas celeberrimorum, 2 vols., E.W. Brooks (ed.), CSCO 7-8, Louvain, 1955

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E3 Abarara RL Babarer RE Syria, cols. 1675-76 B4 Ad Orontem L at or near Samandağ RE Syria, col. 1669; ItMiller 761 (town) Ad Serta = Ariseria Ad Zociandem? = Nisibyn E1 Adatha RL Başpınar Hild 1977, 138-40

B3 (ai)/ HRL Yumurtalık, formerly TIB Kilikien 160-64; Cohen 1995, 355-57 Aegeae Ayas D4 Ain H Abu Assaf 1990 Alai = (H)Alai C3 ad Issum HRL Esentepe, in town of Hellenkemper 1986, 112-15; NPauly İskenderun Alexandreia 3 G4 Alexandros, Mon. L Houeidjit Halawa SYR BE 1995.610 D2 Aliaria RL Kömürler? RE Syria, col. 1675; T. Sinclair D2 Amanikai Pylai CHR Aslan Boğazı RE ’Αµανίδες πύλαι 2 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1029

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Amanikai Pylai/ R?L/ Karanlıkkapı RE ’Αµανίδες πύλαι 3; Ciliciae Portae R?L Hellenkemper 1986, 101-102; TIB Kilikien 174 C4 Amanus M. CHRL Nur Dağları NPauly Amanos G4 Amphipolis/ HR/ Jebel Khaled, Kara Gawlikowski 1996, 128 Tourmeda/ HR/ Membidj SYR Nikatoris? HRL

B2 Anazarbos/ HRL/ Anavarza Kalesi Gough 1952; TIB Kilikien 178-85; NPauly Caesarea/ R/ Ioustin(ian)oupolis L TIB Kilikien 34 § Agrippias R G3 Anthemusia? RL Suruc region RE; T. Sinclair C4 H SW corner of Amuk plain Grainger 1990, 37-38; NPauly Antigoneia 1; T. Sinclair C4 Antiochia/ AHRL/ PECS; NPauly Antiocheia 1 Theoupolis L § Iopolis Antiochia ad Callirhoem = Antiochia ad Euphratem = Ourima Antiochia ad Pyramum = Mallos F2 Apamea HRL Keskince, formerly Wagner 1976, 75-84; NPauly Apameia 4 Tilmusa F2 Aquae (...) L Yavuzeli Archi 1971, 32-33 F1 Arianodum L Kapıdere? ItMiller 762; T. Sinclair A1 Ariaramneia/ See Map 66 [Rodandos] F3 Ariseria/ RL/ RE Syria, cols. 1668-69; T. Sinclair Ad Serta L ItMiller 768 C4 Arkeuthos/ RL/ Nahr al-Qawshit RE Syria, cols. 1555-56; T. Sinclair Iaphtha fl. L (continuation of Kara Su) H1 Arsameia pros Nymphaio HR Kocahisar, formerly Eski NPauly 2 Kahta Arulis = Ourima

C3 Baiae RL ItMiller 753; TIB Kilikien 206-207 Baisampse? = Chordiraza? B1 Baka L Eski Feke TIB Kilikien 207-208 Balaneion Tiberinon = Nymphaion H3 Balihu/ AC/ Balikh SYR / TKY RLAss; T. Feyter Balissus fl. R § Belias fl. L RE G3 Ballatha R Arslan Tash SYR Dillemann 1962, 181, 183 Bambyke = D4 Baqirha RL SYR Tchalenko 1990, 121-26; Callot 1997, 742-44 C4 *Basileia L Paslıkaya, formerly RE Syria, col. 1710-11; T. Sinclair Baslika

G3 Batnae/ RL/ Suruc RE Batnai; Markopolis L Jones 1971, 221 § Anthemusia? HRL RE § *Bathnae Mari? RL ItMiller 768; T. Sinclair § [Batnon da-Serugh] L Palmer 1993, 274 §‘Bemmaris’ RL? ItMiller 768; T. Sinclair §CharaxSidou R RE Anthemusia § Sathena L Dillemann 1962, 171 1030 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

F4 Batnai RL near Tell Botnan SYR Cumont 1917, 19-23; Honigmann I.102 D4 Behyo R?L SYR Tchalenko 1990, 157-61 E4 Belus/ RL/ Qoueiq SYR Balty 1982 Chalos? fl. C Dussaud 1927, 473 E4 Beroia HRL Alep SYR NPauly 3 G3 Bersiba R Tell Ahmar SYR Dillemann 1962, 182 F4 *Beselatha L Buza'a SYR Honigmann I.109 F2 Birtha L RE 1 G2 Bithias R Üçköy? RE; T. Sinclair D4 Bizika RL Babisqa SYR Tchalenko 1990, 113-19; Feissel 1991, 296-97 B4 Burunlu R TIB Kilikien 219 B4 Bytyllion RL Karabıçak? Dussaud 1927, 425

G3 Caeciliana RL W bank R. Euphrates, S Gatier 1994 R. Sadjour SYR Caesarea = Anazarbos E4 Callicome R suburb of Beroia SYR ItAnt 195.4; Dussaud 1927, 450 G2 Can(n)aba RL? Yuvacık? ItMiller 768-69; T. Sinclair F1 Capadox fl. L upper Gök Su RE Syria, col. 1556 F2 Capersana L Gümüşgün, formerly RE Syria, cols. 1698-99; T. Sinclair Ehneş F2 Caphrena R Ank Köy? Dillemann 1962, 170; T. Sinclair G1 Capriandas L Şambayat? RE Syria, cols. 1671-72 G1 Carbanum L Eski Samsur? RE Syria, cols. 1671-72 § Caranon H3 Carrhae ACHRL Altınbaşak, formerly RE Κάρραι E2 Catabana RL? (Old) Bağdin RE Syria, cols. 1656-58; Sinclair 1990, 32 § Katamana Cesum = Nisus L H1 Chabina fl. R?L Cendere Su and lower RE; IGLSyr 1.39 Kahta Çay Chalos?fl.=Belusfl. F4 Chalybonitis H?R district E R. Euphrates Ptol. 5.14.13 SYR E3 Chaonia/ R/ RE 2; Archi 1971, 32-33 Channunia RL § Hanunea R B2 Charakene HR area around Jones 1971, 204-205 C4 Charandama L Hırıldama RE Syria, col. 1711 H1 Charmodara RL Kocan, at junction of ItMiller 684; RE; Mitford 1977, 508 § Cholmadara Chabina and Euphrates G3 Chordiraza?/ RL/ near Qalaat Nadjm, on E Dillemann 1962, 94, 178, 182; Baisampse? R bank of Euphrates; Balty 1990, 99-102; Gogräfe 1995 Sarrin SYR D4 *Chorion tou Hormisdou L Bab el-Hawa SYR IGLSyr 2.528; Tchalenko 1953 I, 393-94 E1 Cilca Novum L ? ItMiller 684; T. Sinclair B2 Cilicia CHRL S Cappadocian Taurus and RE Kilikia Çukurova Ciliciae Portae = Amanikai Pylai E3 Ciliza/ RL?/ RE Syria, cols. 1675-76 Urmagiganti RL? D2 Commagene HRL N part of upper Euphrates RE Suppl. 4 Kommagene basin B4 Coryphaeus M. RL Musa Dağ RE Syria, cols. 1554, 1580 D3 Cyrrestice HRL Cyrrus region Ptol. 5.14.10; Frézouls 1977 D3 Cyrrus/ HRL/ Nebi Ouri SYR Frézouls 1977 Hagioupolis L MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1031

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

H3 Dabana/ R?L/ Ain el-Arous SYR Dillemann 1962, 177, 181-82; Tharrana/ RL/ Gawlikowski 1988, 96 (n. 62) Mannouorra R § Davana R G3 Daiara/ R/ Cerdo? Dillemann 1962, 179; T. Sinclair Thiara L C4 Daphne HRL Harbiye NPauly 4 F4 Dardas fl. C Nahr ed-Dahab SYR Dussaud 1927, 475-76 D4 Darqita RL SYR Tchalenko 1990, 121-26 Deba?=Tyba D4 Déhès RL SYR Sodini 1980 E2 Doliche RL Dülük Cumont 1917, 173-202

H2 Edessa/ HRL/ Şanlıurfa, formerly RfAC Edessa; NPauly 2 Antiochia ad Callirhoem RL §Urhay HRL C2 Eirenopolis/ RL/ Düziçi, formerly Haruniye TIB Kilikien 245-48 Neronias R Epiphaneia = Oeniandos F2 Epiphaneia ad Euphratem HRL Tilbeş Hüyük Grainger 1990, 138 G4 Eragiza RL Tell el-Hajj SYR Stucky 1972 G2 Eski Hisar R Wagner 1983, 107-109 C2 Eskişehir R?L TIB Kilikien 252 G2 Euphrates fl. See Map 93 G3 Europos HRL Jerablous / Cerablus Honigmann I.177 §Jerbas L () SYR / Nau 1902, 12 TKY

H3 Fadana L 6 m.p. on road Carrhae to ItEg 21 Edessa Flavias = Phlaouiopolis

F4 *Gabboula L Jabboul SYR Honigmann I.182 B4 Georgia RL? Kale RE Syria, col. 1689 C4 Gephyra RL Jisr al-Hadid ItMiller 764-67 D2 Gerbedisso RL Keferdiz RE Syria, col. 1675; T. Sinclair D1 Germanikeia RL Kahramanmaraş, formerly EncIs § Caesarea Germanice R Maraş § Germanicia R D4 Gindaros HRL Jenderes SYR Tchalenko 1953 III, 95 § Gindareni R

Hagioupolis = Cyrrus B3 (H)Alai RL Alakese, formerly TIB Kilikien 169-70 Alakilise G2 ‘Heracome’ L near Kızılkaya RE Syria, cols. 1669-71; French 1983, 89 § ‘Iaracopama’ L F3 Hierapolis/ HRL Membidj SYR Goossens 1943 Bambyke § Mabog C2 Hierapolis/ HRL Bodrum Kalesi RE Kastabala; Cohen 1995, 366-68 Kastabala C4 el-Hosn RL SYR Tchalenko 1953 I, 14 B4 Hydatos Potamoi/ C/ Kapısuyu / Kaboussié RE Syria, col. 1556; RE Seleukeia 2 Seleukeia Pieria HRL

Iaphtha fl. = Arkeuthos fl. D4 Imma RL Yenişehir, near Reyhanlı RE G2 In Medio RL? Çarmelik? ItMiller 769; T. Sinclair Ioustin(ian)oupolis = Anazarbos 1032 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Issicus Sinus HR Gulf of İskenderun Burr 47-48; RE Issicus Sinus 1 § Kilikios Kolpos L § Mariandikos Kolpos C C3 / CHRL/ Yeşil Hüyük, formerly TIB Kilikien 277-78 Nikopolis HRL Kınet Höyüğü

D4 Kalota R?L SYR Tchalenko 1990, 79-86; Gatier 1997 D1 Kanč' L Çukurhisar TIB Kilikien 285 D4 Kapernabou RL Kafer Nabo SYR Feissel 1982, 321; Tchalenko 1990, 61-65; Gatier 1997 D4 Kaprobarada RL Brad SYR Feissel 1982, 320 (n. 8); Tchalenko 1990, 19-24 D4 *Kaprokera L Burdj Heidar SYR Tchalenko 1953 III, 7-8 D4 Kaprokeram(a) L Kafer Kermin SYR Feissel 1980; Feissel 1991 D4 *Kaprokilla L Kafer Kila SYR Feissel 1982, 321-23 D4 Kaproliaba RL Kafer Lab SYR Tchalenko 1953 III, 8-9; Feissel 1982, 321 G3 Kara Kozak RL E bank of Euphrates; fort Olavarri 1994 on opposite bank SYR H1 Karakuş H IGLSyr 1.46; Sinclair 1990, 59 C3 Karayılan R TIB Kilikien 291 B1 Karmalas? fl. HRL probably Zamantı Su RE; TIB Kappadokien 248 C3 Karsos fl. C Derebani Deresi RE Kastabala = Hierapolis B3 Katabolos/ RL/ Muttalip Höyüğü TIB Kilikien 361-62 Mutlubake Moutloubake L D4 Kharab Shems RL SYR Tchalenko 1990, 47-49; Gatier 1997 C3 Kilikiai Pylai CHRL near Sarıseki RE Suppl. 9 Πύλαι Κιλίκιαι; TIB Kilikien 302 D4 Kimar RL SYR Tchalenko 1990, 67-72 B3 *Kirkota L Kızıldere TIB Kilikien 304 C3 Kodrigai RL “Pillars of Jonas,” near TIB Kilikien 302 Sarıseki D4 Koryphe Oros RL Jebel Sheikh Barakat Cumont 1917, 30-33; Callot 1997, 736-38 SYR D4 Kynegike H?R?L district E Antiochia SYR Feissel 1982, 326-27 §Cynegia

C3 Labotas fl. HR Upper Kara Su RE Syria, col. 1555 H1 Lacotena RL Derik Kale RE; Mitford 1974, 173-75 C2 Lakanatis HR area around Eirenopolis Jones 1971, 204-205 C4 Larmanaza RL Armenaz SYR BE 1965.2; Feissel 1982, 325 B4 Lepte Akra L Akıncı Burnu, formerly RE Syria, cols. 1553, 1708 Hınzır Burnu H1 Lidar ACHRL Sinclair 1990, 133, 136, 141-42 D4 Litarba/ RL/ el-Athareb SYR Cumont 1917, 2-4; Feissel 1982, 326 Litargon L

D4 *Magzartha L Ma'sarte SYR Feissel 1982, 324-25 A3 Mallos/ See Map 66 Antiochia ad Pyramum H3 Manneotai RL around Manouorra Dillemann 1962, 177 Mannouorra = Dabana H2 Mar Yaqub L Deir Yakub Vööbus 1958 II, 164-65, 168-69; Sinclair 1990, 26-27 Markopolis = Batnae F2 Marsyas fl. R Merzumen Çay RE 4 C4 Melas fl. L Büyük Karaçay RE Μέλαντες 1 C4 Melas fl. L Küçük Karaçay RE Μέλαντες 1 C3 Meleagrum R?L Gündüzlü BE 1946-47.198 C4 Meroe L 5 m.p. from Antiochia Downey 1961, 48-49, 481, 687 §Marwa L towards Qal'at Sem'an RE Syria, col. 1709 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1033

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B4 al-Mina AC at mouth of Asi Nehri, PECS; NPauly right bank E3 Minnica R Minnigh SYR ItAnt 194.10; Dussaud 1927, 479 D4 Mogiza RL Me'ez SYR Feissel 1982, 325 B3 Mopsou(h)estia/ C?HRL/ Yakapınar, formerly Misis RE Mopsu(h)estia, cols. 245-46; TIB Seleukeia pros to Pyramo H Kilikien 351-59; Cohen 1995, 371-72 §Mopsus C?HRL B2 Moumoustra L Mecidiye TIB Kilikien 360-61 Moutloubake = Katabolos C3 Myriand(r)os CHRL Ada Tepe TIB Kilikien 362-63

F1 Nastae L Harmanlı, formerly RE Syria, cols. 1671-72; T. Sinclair Pavreli or Pervari H1 Nemrut Dağ HR IGLSyr 1, 9-41; Sinclair 1990, 45-50 Neronias = Eirenopolis E4 Niara RL Nijara? SYR Honigmann II.325 D2 H?RL? İslahiye Grainger 1990, 52-53, 80 Nikatoris? = Amphipolis Nikopolis = Issus F2 Nisibyn/ R/ RE; RE Syria, cols. 1668-69; T. Sinclair Ad Zociandem? L F1 Nisus/ R/ Çakırhüyük, formerly RE Nisus 1 Cesum L Keysun Hellenkemper 1976, 67-71 B4 Nymphaion/ L/ el-Hammam, S Miyadun RE Syria, col. 1710; T. Sinclair Balaneion Tiberinon L H1 Nymphaios fl. HR Kâhta Çay PECS Arsameia; TIB Kappadokien 126

F1 ‘Octacuscum’ L Besni RE Syria, cols. 1671-72; T. Sinclair § ‘Scasuson’ L C3 Oeniandos/ C?H/ Gözene / Gözeneler Hellenkemper 1986, 102-104; TIB Kilikien Epiphaneia CHRL Harabesi 249-51; NPauly Epiphaneia 1 C4 Oinoparas fl. L Nahr Afrin RE Syria, col. 1555 D3 Omeros? L Amaranli SYR Canivet 1977, 201-202 C4 Orokassias Oros L S shoulder of Silpius M., Downey 1961, 549 (n. 196), 610 immediately E Antakya C4 Orontes fl. HRL Nahr el-Asi SYR / TKY RE 2; Balty 1982; Bernard 1995 §Axiosfl. §Drakonfl. § Ophites fl. § Typhon fl. §Belus?fl. G2 Osrhoene H?RL district between Euphrates RE Osroëne; Dillemann 1962, 105-10 and Khabour SYR / TKY F2 Ourima/ RL/ Horum Hüyük RE ; T. Sinclair Antiochia ad Euphratem/ HR/ RE Antiocheia 8; Grainger 1990, 138 Arulis RL ItMiller 758; T. Sinclair

C4 Pagrae HRL Bağras RE Pagrai 1 C4 Pagrika Ore H hills W Bağras RE Syria, cols. 1557-58, 1607 B3 Parion Oros H?R?L Misis Dağı, formerly TIB Kilikien 376 Gebelinur C4 Parmenios fl. HRL flows through Antakya Downey 1961, 653-56 G1 Perre RL Pirun RE C2 Phlaouiopolis/ R/ Kadirli TIB Kilikien 378-79 Flavias RL ‘Pictanus’ = Platanoi B4 Pieria M. HRL Kızıl Dağ RE 2 C3 Pinaros? fl. CHR either Deli Çay or Payas RE Çayı C4 Platanoi/ R?L/ Belen, formerly Beylan RE Syria, cols. 1712-13, 1718 ‘Pictanus’ L TIB Kilikien 212 G1 Pordonnium L Adiyaman RE Syria, cols. 1671-72; T. Sinclair 1034 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B1 (P)Saros fl. See Map 66 B3 Pyramos fl. CHRL Ceyhan Nehri RE 1; TIB Kappadokien 264

D4 Qalbloze L SYR Tchalenko 1990, 163-66 G3 Qenneshre L opposite Cerablus Nau 1902, 3, 12-14, 35 (n. 1); Honigmann 1951, 191

E3 Regia L Yananköy? RE Syria, cols. 1668-69; T. Sinclair F2 Rhabaine L Raban RE Suppl. 4 Germanikeia § *Arabena RL B4 Rhosii M. HR Kara Dağ RE Syria, col. 1554 B4 Rhosikos Skopelos HRL massif behind Hınzır RE Skopelos 8; TIB Kilikien 417 Burnu B4 Rhosos HRL Uluçınar, formerly Heberdey 1896, 20-22

H1 Samosata CHRL Samsat Sinclair 1990, 144-48, index Saros fl. = (P)Saros fl. G2 Seleukeia epi tou HRL Killik? RE Seleukeia 4; T. Sinclair Zeugmatos Seleukeia Pieria = Hydatos Potamoi Seleukeia pros to Pyramo = Mopsou(h)estia C4 Seleukis HR district in N Syria Ptol. 5.14.11; Frézouls 1960 D4 Sergible RL SYR Tchalenko 1990, 99-103 A3 Serretillis/ See Map 66 Serraipolis G2 Sesönk H Humann 1890, 212-17 C4 Seuera, Mon. L Ziri Djobadze 1986, 114 E2 Sicos Basilisses RL Ufacıklı RE; T. Sinclair C4 Silpion Oros R?L hill to E Antakya RE Σίλπιον ὄρος F1 Singa/ RL/ Üçgöz, formerly Sürfaz RE; BE 1977, 427-28 Sugga L ItMiller 763; T. Sinclair G1 Singas fl. R Sürfaz Çay (upper), Göksu RE Syria, cols. 1639-40 (lower) C1 *Sipha RL Çemkale TIB Kilikien 412-13 H2 Skirtos fl. HRL Kara Koyun Segal 1970, 297 §Daisun D4 Srir RL SYR Tchalenko 1953 I, 14; Callot 1997, 738-40 C4 Stauris Oros L N shoulder of Silpius M., Downey 1961, 523, 549 (n. 196), 610 immediately E Antakya Sugga = Singa D4 Symeon, Mon. L Qalaat Seman near Deir Tchalenko 1953 I, 223-76; Seman SYR Canivet 1977, 172-80 C4 Symeon, Mon. L on Samandağ Djobadze 1986, 57-114 C4 Syriai Pylai CHR Belen Geçidi RE Σύριαι πύλαι

B3 Tardequeia L Kurtkulağı? TIB Kilikien 427 Tarsa = T(h)arsa C1 Taurus M. See Map 66 D4 Telanissos L Deir Seman SYR Tchalenko 1953 I, 223-76; Canivet 1977, 172-80 D4 Teleda L Telade SYR Cumont 1917, 32-33; Canivet 1977, 165- 172 G3 Tell Amarna Tunca 1996, 71 Tharrana = Dabana G1 T(h)arsa RL Kuyulu, formerly Turuş RE Syria, cols. 1656-58; French 1983, 92 C4 Thaumaston Oros L Samandağ RE Θαυµαστὸν ὄρος Theoupolis = Antiochia Thiara = Daiara B4 Thomas, Mon. L near port of Seleukeia Nau 1902, 28, 30 Pieria MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1035

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C4 Tiberine Chora L district around el- Honigmann I.468 Hammam H1 Tille ACHRL Sinclair 1989a, 138-39 D4 *Tilokbarina RL Tell Aqibrin SYR IGLSyr 2.413; P.-L. Gatier C4 Tourin R?L SYR Biscop 1987 D4 Tourmanin R?L SYR Tchalenko 1953 I, 127-29 Tourmeda = Amphipolis C3 Trapezon HR Darbsak RE Syria, cols. 1625-26; T. Sinclair H2 Tura d’ Urhay L monastery cluster Chronicon II, 142-43 E2 Tyba/ H/ Tabya? RE Syria, col. 1624; T. Sinclair Deba? R

D1 Ulnia L Süleymanlı, formerly TIB Kilikien 453-54 Zeitun Urmagiganti = Ciliza

D4 Zaerous RL Baziher SYR Feissel 1982, 334 F2 HRL Kavunlu, formerly Belkis Wagner 1976, 23-70 § Seleukeia pros to H IG XII.1.653 Euphrate D4 Zeus Madbachos, T. R on Koryphe Oros Callot 1997, 736-38

Aqueducts

Grid Location Period Reference

B2 N Anazarbos RL TIB Kilikien 181 B2 NW Anazarbos L TIB Kilikien 181 B3 N Mopsou(h)estia R Hellenkemper 1986, 127 B3 Katabolos R Hellenkemper 1986, 127 C2 N Epiphaneia R Heberdey 1896, 22-24 C3 E Epiphaneia R Hellenkemper 1986, 127-28 C3 W Epiphaneia R Heberdey 1896, 18 C4 between Daphne and Antiochia RL Downey 1961, 191, 212, 223, 437 H1 Samosata, along W bank of Kâhta Çay and N R?L Mitford 1977, 508; Sinclair 1990, 140-41 bank of Euphrates

Bridges

Grid Location Period Reference

A3 Mallos See Map 66 A3 S Mallos See Map 66 B2 E Anazarbos R Gough 1952, 101 B2 S Anazarbos R Gough 1952, 101 C4 over Melas fl. L RE Syria, col. 1670 C4 at Gephyra R?L? ItMiller 764-67 C4 at Sinanlı, NE Symeon Mon. R Djobadze 1986, 115 D1 SW Germanikeia R Sinclair 1990, 86, 92 D3 near Cyrrus (3) R? Frézouls 1977 F2 E Rhabaine near confluence with Euphrates R Wagner 1977, 681, fig. 8, Textabb. 4 F2 E Aquae over Marsyas fl. R Wagner 1977, 681, fig. 8, Textabb. 4 F2 N Capersana over Marsyas fl. R Wagner 1977, 681, fig. 8, Textabb. 4 G2 Pons *Singae, Göksu bridge, E Seleukeia epi RL ItMiller 757-9 tou Zeugmatos H1 Pons Chabinae, Cendere Köprüsü, W RL RE Chabina; IGLSyr 1, 42-64 Arsameia pros Nymphaio 1036 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Centuriation

Grid Location Period Reference

D4 on limestone massif RL Tate 1992 E4 around Beroia RL Dodinet 1990

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

Alexandria ad Issum → Pieria → Ad Orontem RL ItMiller 760-61; Djobadze 1986, 54, 115 → Map 68 Antiochia → Gephyra → Gindaros → Cyrrus HRL RE Syria, cols. 1657-58; Frézouls 1977, 186-87 Antiochia → Imma → Litarba → Map 68 HRL Cumont 1917, 1-11; RE Syria, cols. 1657-62; Mouterde 1945, 36-40 Antiochia → Ad Orontem RL RE Syria, col. 1670; T. Sinclair Antiochia → Daphne → Map 68 RL RE Syria, cols. 1653-56; Djobadze 1986, 54 Antiochia → Imma → Beroia RL Mouterde 1945, 37-38 Antiochia → Imma → Cyrrus → Ciliza → Doliche → RL Archi 1971, 32, 110; T. Sinclair Samosata Antiochia → Pagrae → Nicopolis → Germanikeia RL Archi 1971, 31; T. Sinclair Beroia → Batnae → Hierapolis → Europos → Zeugma H?RL RE Syria, col. 1661 Beroia → Minnica → Cyrrus H?RL RE Syria, cols. 1676-77 Beroia → Niara → Zeugma H?RL RE Syria, cols. 1668-69 Cendere → Map 64 RL Mitford 1998, 257-58 Cyrrus → Ciliza → Regia → Zeugma RL Archi 1971, 33-34; T. Sinclair Germanikeia → Catabana → Nisus → Seleukeia epi tou RL French 1983, 89-90; Sinclair 1990, 131 (no. 2(a)) Zeugmatos Germanikeia → Doliche RL Sinclair 1990, 131-32 (nos. 2(a), (c)) Hierapolis → Ceciliana → Batnae → Edessa RL Dillemann 1962, 171, 179-80 Mallos → Issus → Alexandria ad Issum → Antiochia RL TIB Kilikien 132-33 Map 64 → Arsameia pros Nymphaio → bank of RL French 1983, 94 Euphrates Map 68 → Tourin→ Gephyra → Antiocheia H?RL Mouterde 1945, 26-28 Map 68 → Beroia → Batnai → Hierapolis → Ceciliana H?RL Cumont 1917, 13-19; RE Syria, cols. 1657-62 → Batnae → Edessa Mopsou(h)estia → Amanikai Pylai → Doliche → RL RE Syria, cols. 1656-58, 1675; TIB Kilikien 135 Samosata Mopsou(h)estia → Hierapolis → Anazarbos → RL TIB Kilikien 136-38; M. Ballance Phlaouiopolis Mopsou(h)estia → Katabolos RL TIB Kilikien 135 Samosata → Edessa RL ItMiller 767-68 Samosata → Europos → Ceciliana → Hierapolis RL RE Syria, cols. 1663-66 Samosata → Map 89 RL French 1983, 72-74, 77, 81, 94 Samosata → Pordonnium → ‘Octacuscum’ → Nastae RL ItMiller 761-62; Sinclair 1990, 78-79, 80 → Arianodum → Cilca Novum → Map 64 Samosata → Pordonnium → Perre → Map 64 RL French 1983, 72, 75-77, 79, 81-82 Seleukeia epi tou Zeugmatos → Samosata RL French 1983, 91-92 Seleukeia epi tou Zeugmatos → Singa → ‘Octacuscum’ RL Sinclair 1990, 131 (no.1) *Tilokbarina → Tourmanin → Cyrrus R?L? Callot 1984, 11-12, 116 Zeugma → Ceciliana → Eragiza → Map 68 H?RL RE Syria, cols. 1663-66 Zeugma → Apamea → Samosata RL Wagner 1983, 107, 109 Zeugma → Batnae → Carrhae RL Dillemann 1962, 165-71 Zeugma → Can(n)aba → In Medio → Edessa RL ItMiller 768-69; T. Sinclair Zeugma → Edessa RL Wagner 1983, 110; T. Sinclair MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1037

Unlocated Toponyms

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Alagma R in Balikh valley Gawlikowski 1988, 82 Anasta L only station between TIB Kilikien 178 Mopsou(h)estia and Aigai(ai) Antiocheia pros Tauro RL NW part of upper Euphrates basin NPauly 2 Apate L ergasterion on Thaumaston Oros RE Syria, cols. 1565, 1711 Arake R Commagene RE Arimara R W bank of Euphrates Dussaud 1927, 449-51 Asichas, Mon. L not far from Cyrrus, perhaps on Canivet 1977, 195 Syrian side

‘Badimo’ RL? station on road between TIB Kilikien 205 Koukousos (Map 64) and Flavias, probably near Bağdaşbeli pass Bet Autan Vicus L Samosata region Vööbus 1958 II, 199 Bethammaria R W bank of Euphrates Dussaud 1927, 449-51

Capertur(i) RL N Apamea, distinct from Tourin Feissel 1980, 336 Cheroubim Vicus L near Antiochia RE Syria, col. 1710 Chorion Pila L in or near Chora Tiberine; may be RE Syria, col. 1710 same as Elephanton Cingilla R on Euphrates, at S, possibly N, Pliny, NH 5.86 boundary of Commagene Comitis *Manassis, Mon. L near Gyglyqe and one of the gates VVMonoph 55 of Antiochia Commoris Vicus H N side of Amanus M. RE Syria, col. 1624

Elaphos M. L near Rhosus RE Syria, col. 1708 Elephanton L near Daphne Downey 1961, 556 Eliadis, Mon. L near Samosata Hage 1966, 107 Erana R N side of Amanus M. RE 2

Gabeni H?R N Syria? Pliny, NH,5.81 *Gandigoura L near Daphne RE Syria, col. 1711 Gazetae H?R Cyrrestice Pliny, NH,5.81 Gerre/ R/ W bank of Euphrates Dussaud 1927, 449-51 Serre L Gyglyqe Vicus L near one of the gates of Antiochia VVMonoph 55

Halia L station between Batnae and Edessa ItMiller 776 Heba RL? NE Charmodara ItMiller 684 Herakleia RL in Cyrrestice Honigmann II.210

*Iason Chorion L near Daphne RE Syria, col. 1711 Ichnae HR in Balikh valley; Knes? Lauffray 1983, 58; Gawlikowski 1988, 82 Iulianus = Portus S. Iuliani

Koraia in Batneos H SE Batnae, 90 stades towards Dillemann 1962, 179 Dabana

Ladon fl. R joins Orontes near Daphne RE 1 Laranda/ L/ first station towards Phlaouiopolis Ramsay 1890, 311; TIB Kilikien 332 Leandis R from Kokousos (Map 64) Loandos R E *Kirkota in Cilician plain TIB Kilikien 304

Madnhaye, Mon./ L near Edessa, in foothills Chronicon I, 181, 218 Orientalium, Mon. Magia Vicus L near Antiochia RE 4 1038 MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Marcoupolis / RL/ distinct from Batnae Feissel 1997, 19-20 Gausitha/ RL/ Sidou RL *Mardandos L approx. 10 miles from Aigai(ai) TIB Kilikien 342 Maubai R E bank of Euphrates Dussaud 1927, 465

Nakkibas, Mon. L between Aigai(ai) and , TIB Kilikien 364 probably near the former Nikatoris H near Europos RE Νικατορίς

Onchae CHR on Amykes Pedion RE Orientalium, Mon./ Madnhaye, Mon.

Pagreus fl. H near Pagrae RE Syria, cols. 1557-58 Paratomos, Mon. L near Imma (perhaps on Syrian Canivet 1977, 181-82 side) Piapi/ L near Rhosus RE Syria, cols. 1556-57, 1708 Priapes fl. Pindenissum H N Amanus or in foothills or plain RE to W Porta S. Iuliani/ L 3 miles from Antiochia Honigmann 1922, 24 Iulianus ‘Praetorio’ L road between Koukousos TIB Kilikien 218, 384-85 (Map 64) and Flavias, 22 m.p. NFlavias Priapes fl. = Piapi fl. Pterygion M. L near Rhosus RE Syria, cols. 1708 Publius, Mon. L 30 stades from Zeugma Canivet 1977, 154-57

Qubbe, Mon. L near Antiochia Honigmann 1922, 21 Qube, Mon. L S Edessa Vööbus 1958 II, 236

Rhadamnos L 6 miles from Anazarbos TIB Kilikien 390

*Sambon Chorion L probably on or near Thaumaston RE Syria, col. 1561 Oros Scopelus, Mon./ L near Rhosos on the Syrian-Cilician RE Skopelos 8; TIB Kilikien 417 Theodosius, Mon. border Sepyra R N Amanus RE Serre = Gerre L near Nikopolis Vööbus 1958 II, 211 Socha H on Amykes Pedion or further E RE Σῶχα

T(h)anna L station W Cesum, possibly same RE Syria, cols. 1669-70 as Catabana Thalama L station between Batnae and Edessa ItMiller 776 Thalassi, Mon. L S Tillima, probably on Syrian side Canivet 1977, 194-95 Theodosius, Mon. = Scopelus, Mon. Therimachon L Osrhoene GCyp 901H; Dussaud 1927, 451 Thilaticomum R between Hierapolis and Batnae- Dillemann 1962, 178-81 Suruc Tiberinon Chorion L three miles from Daphne (not in Downey 1961, 657 Chora Tiberina) *Tigranucomae HR? villages in Amanus M., probably RE NW Antiocheia Tillima L town in mountainous district near Canivet 1977, 194-95 , probably in Syrian side

Zeugma Palaion H S bank of Euphrates, near and Archi 1971, 31 perhaps opposite Samosata MAP 67 ANTIOCHIA 1039

False Toponyms

Name Reference Comment

Belus M. Balty 1982 falsely considered as a mountain; river name Bemmari Canna ItMiller 768 conflation of Bemmaris (< Batnae Mari) and Cannaba? Bersera Dussaud 1927, 82, 473 Beroia (not modern Sfire) Ninus Vetus Bernard 1996, 503 dubious tradition concerning Hierapolis

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